Safety Is Vital in the Science Classroom. It Is Our Goal As a Learning Environment to Prevent

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Lab Basics

Safety is vital in the science classroom. It is our goal as a learning environment to prevent accidents from occurring. The following are the basics for lab safety. You are to paste these into your lab book and are expected to complete these pages prior to engaging in the laboratory coursework.

Preparation: You must prepare for class by reading through the experiment. If you receive the experiment on the day of the lab, then you need to read through prior to engaging in the experiment. Also listen to your lab instructor. They generally have hints on how to conduct the lab properly and with fewer mistakes. Be sure to note any safety instructions especially proper disposal of materials. We are stewards of our environment. It is our responsibility to ensure that we maintain or improve our environment by proper disposal. Also this is another preventative measure in the idea of safety.

Goggles- Nope they are not entirely fashionable, but they ensure your safety. If you get chemicals into your eye then we have to wash them out for a full fifteen minutes. This is a solid fifteen minutes under a light stream of water. No it is not fun. Be safe and wear your goggles. If you need to make adjustments to them, then go out of the classroom and make adjustments.

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General Rules of Lab- 1. Wear your goggles. (you may wear an apron if you need to) 2. Shoes must be worn- closed toed shoes are preferred. Avoid bulky clothes (jackets need to be removed and long sleeves need to come up). Tie up long hair as well. 3. Conduct only experiments assigned by lab instructor. Do them only when teacher is present. 4. Know the locations of the safety equipment such as eyewash, fire extinguishers, emergency shower, fire blanket. Be sure you know how to use the equipment. Know also how to shut the gas, water, and electricity off. Also know where the broken glass is placed at in the lab. 5. Do not chew gum, eat, or drink in the lab. Never taste chemicals. Keep your hands away from your face when working with chemicals. 6. Wash your hands with soap and water at the end of the lab. 7. Read all the directions of the procedure before beginning. Reread before you do the steps. Hate for you to have to repeat due to a failure to understand the steps. 8. Notify your teacher of accidents. 9. Do not leave an experiment or a burner unattended. You are responsible for your work area. If you are using flammable liquids, use a hot plate. 10. Read the labels on the bottle before using the chemicals. Make sure you have the right stuff. Do not place back into the container after you have removed it. 11. Do not use chipped or cracked glassware. Discard appropriately. 12. When diluting an acid, always pour the acid slowly into water, stirring to dissipate heat generated. Never pour water into concentrated acid. 13. When heating substances in a test tube, always point the mouth of the test tube away from others. 14. Clean up your lab area at the end and place all materials in their proper places.

Hazards  Thermal Burns - Occur if you touch hot equipment or if you come too close to an open flame - The Fix- Hold the burn under running water (luke warm-cold) - This may take several minutes - This reduces the pain and cools the area back down. - Greases and oils should not be used to treat the burn- they trap heat - Notify your teacher that you have been burned  Chemical Burns - Occur when the skin or a mucous membrane is damaged by contact with the substance. - Make sure you become familiar with the compound prior to experimentation - C- means corrosive - I- means irritant - Chemical burns can be severe if not treated properly and quickly - Best defense against chemical burns is Prevention! - If you get them in your eye, you need to wash them out. If you wear contacts, you need to remove them. - The Fix- Depends on the chemical. Generally the molarities we use are very low. So we will be able to wash them off with soap and water. If this is not the case the lab instructor will notify you of those safety issues.

 Cuts from Glass - This is the most likely injury in the lab that will occur. - Do not force glass. Make sure that if you are placing it in a stopper, you should use a lubricant like glycerin. - If you break glass, use the broom and dust pan to pick it up. This prevents glass in your hand. - The Fix- carefully cleanse the area by washing with a light stream of water. Then place a bandage on it. If the cut is severe, then teacher will apply pressure and wrap it. The office will be notified. The student will be sent with another person to the office to see the nurse. - Always notify the teacher of your injuries.  Fire - A fire may occur if chemicals are mixed improperly or if they are disposed of improperly - Flammable materials are labeled with F - Tie hair back and secure long sleeves. - The Fix- If you catch on fire (hair or clothes), do not sun. Drop and roll- smother the flames. If it is a hot plate- simply unplug it and then get the fire out. If it is other- get the flame out with smothering the flame. Some chemicals actually burn more intense with water. So check with your instructor.  Poisoning - This should never occur if you adhere to lab safety. - Never eat, drink, or chew gum in lab. Always wash your hands after you complete the lab. Do not touch chemicals. Clean up spills. Keep your hands away from your face. - The Fix- This depends on the chemical. Notify the teacher of the suspected chemical agent. The teacher will know what to do. Follow their instructions.

Safety Symbols You must draw the symbol Symbol Description Symbol Description Eye Hazard Poison Hazard Wear Safety Goggles Do not chew gum, drink, or eat in the laboratory. Keep your hands away from your face. Corrosive Substance Electrical Hazard Hazard Use care when using Wear safety goggles electrical equipment and laboratory apron. Do not touch chemicals. Fire Hazard Inhalation Hazard Tie back hair and Avoid inhaling this loose clothing. Do substance not use a burner near flammable materials Thermal Burn Breakage Hazard Hazard Do not use chipped or Do not touch hot cracked glassware. equipment Do not heat the bottom of a test tube Disposal Hazard Radiation Hazard Dispose of this Use only calibrated chemical only as and sealed sources directed. Corrosive Irritant

Flammable Toxic

Emergency Procedures You are to report all injuries, accidents, and spills to you lab instructor immediately. Know the location of all safety equipment.

You are to fill in the chart Situation Safe Response

Fainting

Eye Injury

Minor cuts

Poisoning

Spills on Skin

Equipment You must know the equipment that you are working with in lab. You are to complete the following pages.

Equipment Name Beaker Mortar &Pestle Crucible

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Watch Glass Evaporating Dish Florence Flask

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Wide Mouth Bottle Plastic Wash Bottle Dropper/ Pipet

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Funnel Ring Stand Erlenmeyer Flask Picture/ Drawing

Cleaning Important Notes

Equipment Name Rubber stoppers Goggles Scooplua

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Stirring Rod Nichrome wire Rod Test tube holder

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Crucible Tongs Beaker Tongs Metal Spatula

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Clay Triangle Test Tube Brush Ceramic Square

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Triangle File Wire gauze Rubber tubing

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Burner Hot Plate Test Tube Rack

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Buret Clamp Test Tube Clamp 3 Prong Jaw Clamp

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Forceps Buret Condensor

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Cleaning

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Equipment Name Test Tubes Graduated Cylinder Volumetric Pipet

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Ring Clamp Pipet Bulb Graduated Pipet

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Equipment Name Pinch Clamp Rubber Policeman Thermometer

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Triple Beam Electronic Balance Screw Clamp Equipment Name Balance

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Cleaning

Important Notes

Laboratory Techniques Pouring liquids - always read the labels on the bottles before pouring - always wear your goggles when handling chemicals - never touch chemicals with your hands - never return unused chemicals to their original containers. - 1. Use the back of your fingers to remove the stopper from the bottle. Hold the stopper between your fingers until the transfer of liquid is complete. Do not place the stopper on the work bench - 2. Grasp the container from which you are pouring with the palm of your hand covering the label - 3a. When you are transferring a liquid to a test tube or measuring cylinder, the container should be held at eye level. Pour the liquid slowly, until the correct volume has been transferred. - 3b. When you are pouring a liquid from a reagent bottle into a beaker, the reagent should be poured slowly down a glass stirring rod. When you are transferring a liquid from one beaker to another, you can hold the stirring rod and beaker in one hand.

Filtering Mixtures 1. Fold the filter paper in half and then quarters. Open the folded paper to form a cone (place over the funnel and push gently in the halfway point). One thickness of paper on one side and an overlap on the other side 2. Put the paper in the funnel. Place the funnel in an iron ring clamped to the ring stand. Have a “trash beaker” underneath in order to collect the excess prior to using the water to fit paper to the funnel. Moisten the filter paper with a small volume of distilled water and gently press the paper against the funnel for a good fit. 3. Place a beaker beneath the funnel to collect the filtrate. The tip of the funnel should touch the inside surface of the beaker and extend to about one inch below the rim. 4. Decant the liquid from the solid by pouring it down a glass stirring rod into the funnel. Be careful to keep the liquid below the top edge of the cone of filter paper at all times; the liquid must not overflow. Finally, use a jet of distilled water from a wash bottle to wash the solid into the filter 5. When the filtration is complete, wash the solid residue on the filter paper with distilled water to remove traces of solvent. Dry the solid 6. If the filtrate contains a dissolved salt, it may be recovered by evaporation if desired

Using a Gas Burner 1. Check your burner to ensure it is safe to use 2. Connect the burner to the gas supply with the rubber tubing 3. Turn on the gas slowly. 4. Strike the striker above the gas. 5. If needed- adjust your air intake until you get the steady double cone in your flame. You do not want yellow color. 6. Always turn the burner off at the main valve.

Heating Liquids Test Tube 1. adjust your gas burner to produce the proper flames 2. fill the test tube 1/3 full with the liquid to be heated 3. grasp the test tube with test tube clamps or attach to the ring stand with the clamp. If using the stand- pull away from fire before moving to heat it. 4. heat the test tube on the side at an angle away from others. Never at the direct bottom- it is easier to break the test tube here than anywhere else 5. shake the test tube gently while heating to prevent boil over.

Beakers 1. Fasten an iron ring to a clamp and place wire gauze on it. You want it about 2-4 cm above the flame or right above the inner blue flame. Pull away from the flame prior to the next step. 2. Place the beaker ½ full or less on the wire gauze and move the Bunsen burner underneath the gauze carefully. 3. Stir to ensure consistent heating in the beaker.

Balances 1. You may have to use a triple beam, centigram, or electronic balance. All need to be tarred out or zeroed out prior to weighing. 2. Never place chemicals directly on the scale and if you drop some on the scale make sure you clean it up. 3. If you are using the triple beam or centigram balances, then you need to take in account the weighing paper as part of the mass. 4. Make sure on the Triple Beam and the Centigram that you check to ensure that it is balanced before taking the final mass.

Volume 1. When measuring volume, make sure you look eye level. All liquids have a meniscus. You must read the bottom of the meniscus for accurate measurement 2. Always make sure that your measuring equipment is clean prior to use.

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