Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution

World History Chapter 12 Test Review Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution Mrs. Patton/Coach Bennett Renaissance: Renaissance: rebirth of classic culture and ideas Medici Family: supporters of the Renaissance in Florence, Italy Francesco Petrarch: one of the 1st humanists; wrote love poems, studied history, grammar, philosophy Niccolo Machiavelli: wrote “The Prince”, a story about using any means to get power Michelangelo: painted ceiling of Sistene Chapel and sculpted Pieta Leonardo da Vinci: painted Last Supper and Mona Lisa, sketched many later inventions Johannes Gutenberg: German inventor of the printing press William Shakespeare: English writer, wrote lots of plays/poems, used emotions to make characters seem real Thomas More: English writer, wrote Utopia, a book about the perfect world

1. When the Renaissance began, what time period ended? The Middle Ages or Dark Ages

2. Where did the Renaissance begin? Italy

3. What are the “classic” civilizations that humanists studied? Greek and Roman

4. How did art and literature during the Renaissance differ from art during the Middle Ages? In the Renaissance it showed feelings and emotions, it was more human

5. Describe a “utopian” society according to Thomas More. A perfect world

6. What was the biggest reason that the Renaissance spread throughout Europe? The printing press allowed books to spread ideas

Reformation: Protestant Reformation: 2nd split in the Christian church Martin Luther: German priest who began the Reformation John Calvin: Swiss pastor who started Calvin Church and believed in predestination King Henry VIII: English king who started Anglican Church

7. What church were people protesting against during the Reformation? Catholic

8. People who were against the Catholic Church in the 1500s were called what? Protestants 9. What were indulgences and how did they work? “sin for free” cards, people could sin and then pay the church to forgive their sins.

10. What was the first Protestant church? Lutheran Who started it? Martin Luther Why? He protested against the Catholic church and was banned, so he started his own

11. Explain how the Catholic Church began to reform itself. The Inquisition prosecuted heretics, The Council of Trent defined Catholic beliefs, forced priests to go to school, and banned indulgences, and the Society of Jesus strengthened the church.

12. What was the biggest result of the Reformation? Lots of new churches in Europe that weren’t Catholic

Scientific Revolution: Francis Bacon: developed the Scientific Method Heliocentric theory: the sun is the center of the universe Galileo Galilei: invented telescope, proved heliocentric theory but was forced to reject it by the Inquisition Isaac Newton: explained gravity and laws of motion

13. How did new scientists prove their theories were true? By experimenting and observing

14. Who first wrote about the heliocentric theory? Nicolaus Copernicus Why didn’t anyone believe him? They didn’t understand him, they believed their senses instead of his studies

15. What did Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo have in common? They all believed in and worked to prove the heliocentric theory.

16. Explain how people changed their way of thinking during the Scientific Revolution. (What did people believe in the Middle Ages? What did science teach people to do?) In the Middle Ages all questions were answered by God or magic. Science taught people to experiment and observe to prove things. People were taught to think, ask questions and study to find answers.