Storage devices "space for now and in the future'": symposium : proceeding, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, dinsdag 18 mei 2004
Citation for published version (APA): Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Student Branch Eindhoven (SBE) (2004). Storage devices "space for now and in the future'": symposium : proceeding, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, dinsdag 18 mei 2004. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.
Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2004
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I
- 2 - SYMPOSIUM
Storage Devices 'Space for now and in the future'
Dinsdag 18 mei 2004 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
IEEE Student Branch Eindhoven
- 3 - Voorwoord
Inmiddels is het wei een aardige traditie dat de IEEE student branch Eindhoven een symposium organiseert. Dit jaar is er weer een nieuwe groep tweedejaarsstudenten bij elkaar gebracht om dit symposium op de rails te zetten. Sommige van ons met al enige ervaring met organiseren en anderen met minder ervaring. Toch denk ik dat we met en zonder deze ervaring iets goed hebben weten te organiseren en natuurlijk hebben we er zelf ook vele leuke momenten en een nodige bruikbare ervaring aan over gehouden.
In de eerste weken hebben we voor het symposium verschillende onderwerpen bekeken. Toch was er een duidelijke voorkeur v~~r het onderwerp 'moderne data opslag'. Dit onderwerp sprak het meest tot de verbeelding. Over andere onderwerpen was veelal weinig te vinden of ze waren niet geschikt voor een breed publiek. Modern omdat het onderwerp erg breed is en de nieuwste technieken toch het meest interessant zijn. De ondertitel kwam vrij snel boven drijven. Voor de titel hebben we het gewoon bij het onderwerp van dit symposium gehouden:
Storage Devices "Space for now and in the future"
Data opslag is de afgelopen jaren aileen maar groter geworden. Het wordt gebuikt alsof het niet op kan, toch is die groei van de opslagmedia een zeer serieus onderwerp voor vele bedrijven. Soms zijn er al technieken in ontwikkeling die pas na de opvolger van huidige technieken op de markt komen, aileen op die manier kan de enorme vraag naar meer opslag capaciteit opgevangen worden. Met al die groei in omvang moet ook de snelheid waarmee de data weggeschreven of gelezen kan worden mee groeien en ook daarin slaagt men.
Op het symposium zullen verschillende nieuwe technieken aan de orde komen, zowel technieken uit de nabije als uit de verre toekomst. Daarbij valt te denken aan DVD als tweede generatie optische opslag; de derde generatie, Blu-Ray, komt er al aan en ook is de vierde generatie al in ontwikkeling. Dan gaat het dus over een sprong van ruim 10 jaar de toekomst in. Ook zijn er ook nog steeds ontwikkelingen op het gebied van de magnetische opslag .. Dan niet aileen de bekende toepassingen zoals tape en harde schijven, maar er valt nu ook te denken aan bijvoorbeeld magnetisch RAM-geheugen. Zelfs op dit moment kan er al weer een nieuwe oplossing bedacht worden. Data opslag blijft een zeer dynamisch vakgebied.
Ik wens aile bezoekers een zeer leuke en leerzame dag toe. Laat je verbazen door de toekomst van data opslag!
Joep de Groot Voorzitter IEEE symposiumcommissie 2004
"'.~Q.•...... ~ 010 - 4- ,. .. ~.... ~~ Programma
09.00u Ontvangst met koffie en thee.
09.10u Welkomstwoord Ludo Tolhuizen (Philips)
09.15u Data Availability Solutions Ronald Vogelzang (Computer Associates)
10.15u Probe Recording Architecture Leon Abelmann (TU Twente)
11.15u Pauze
11.30u From DVD to Blu Ray Disc Alexander V. Padiy (Philips) & Sorin G.Stan (Philips)
13.00u Lunch
14.00u Laser Beam Recorder Mastering Jan de Ruijter (Philips) of Optical Disks
15.00u Mram, the memory of the Liesbet Lagae (IMEC) future?
16.00u Signal Processing and Andre Immink (Philips) coding for two-dimensial optical storage
17.00u Afsluiting Ludo Tolhuizen (Philips)
17.15u Borrel
- 5 - Inhoud
VoolWoord 4 Joep de Groot
Programma 5
Inhoud 6
Biografie Dagvoorzitter Ludo Tolhuizen 7
Data Availability Solutions Biografie Ronald Vogelzang 8 Presentatie 9
Probe Recording Architecture Biografie Leon Abelmann 14 Presentatie 16
From DVD to Blu Ray Disc Biografie Alexander V. Padiy 21 Biografie Sorin G. Stan 22 Presentatie 23
Laser Beam Recorder Mastering of Optical Disks Biografie Jan de Ruijter 41 Paper 42
Mram, the memory of the future? Biografie Uesbet Lagae 45 Paper 46
Signal Processing and Coding for Two DOS Biografie Andre Immink 57 Paper 58
Organisatie 63
Dankwoord 64
Sponsoren 65
Symposium Commissie 2004 66
- 6 - - 7 - - 8- Data Availability Solutions
• Explosive growth in data • Requirement for zero downtime • Dynamic environment BrightSto'-® • Rapidly changing technologies • Limited network bandwidth Data Availability Solutions
Ronald Vogelzang, Business Technologist
, ,,~W.{~ ~ll,mm
• "Enterprise-level functionality" - Data protection for laptops, - Integrated eTrust™ Antivirus technology desktops, distributed servers, data centers and mainframes - Built-in, centralized and cross-platform management - Benchmarked performance - Integrates with the rest the BrightStor family of storage - Unlimited system scalability management solutions ' - Unmatched flexibility - Advanced command line functions - Storage as part of enterprise management ' - Widest range device support • Data security provided - Supports all storage topologies (DAS, NAS and SAN) through integration with eTrust- security processes - Widest platform support (Windows, Linux, NetWare • Application availability and UNIX) provided'through integration , w~h Unicenter" infrastructure management solutions
- 9- • Improved encryption. - The current encryption algoritf,1m has been replaced with a stronger, internationallY recognized triple~DES 168-bit encryption algorithm. • Job Preflight Check. Ease the ornation of File S)l'Slem Devices - Allows the users to check and correct issues regarding security. media availability. or netwOrk connection before• .runningthe backup job. .
"" "*,,,- t ~----~ - 4e~i('~~~
.; Integration with BrightStor ARCserve Backup ....ifor Laptops & Desktops (Formerly BrightStor® Mobile Backup) - Users can select BrightStor ARCserve Backup for Laptops & Desktops servers in the BrightStor ARCserve Backup console and backup the users information to a tape using scheduled jobs - Migrate data from BrightStor ARCserve Backup for Laptops & Desktops servers to tape . lANIWAN/ • Requests for restoration of data that has been archived '.J Initiates a BrightStor ARCserve Backup restore job • ·····1/··
I=vI'>h.,."",o. Premium Agent AC111·.onl"'· - Multiple jobs write to the same media simlJltaneously - New features include: ~ Single Instance Storage (SIS) suPport;;: . - Significanfimprovement in performance • New data-transfer interface using push technoio~" • Multi-threading supporting multi·CPU machines;; • Document-Jevel backup and restore - Storage group - Mailbol< - Folder . - Documents . ... ;;ff· i. - Requires BrightStor ARCseni~Backup'Agent for Microsoft Exchqnge - Suppcirtfor doCument-level backup and restore
- 10- • Server file system'~for.°' " ArJofic;aU - WindoWs - Unux - NetWare - UNIX - Mac OS X Open flies agenf • Database .aQents: SOL
-":' ,. ",,:: .. .. Data 'is written' in CA Tape. Format to Disk • Configure via Device Configuration screen • Improves performance • Copy date from Disk To Tape via tapecopycom~anC! • File-by-File restore • 'Snapshot' for on-line Image,,8aCl- 11 - • Windows only Polnt-ln-'rime Ethernet RAID 0 Data striping across :> devices
Tape Library Real-Time Mirroring RAID 1 :> (Fault-Tolerance) ...... Data Path Improves performance and provides RAID 5 :> Fault-Tolerance
• Local and Remote Disaster Recovery • Collection • Reporting • DR Bootable Tape Support • Monitoring • Analysis • DR Bootable CD Support • Alerting • Integration with Automated System Recovery, • Automation ASR (XP and .NET) • Integration
• Discover • Monitor Operations • Administer Policies The reality ... • Forecast • Networked Storage • Single Point of Management
- 12- -13 - 14- - 15 Probe Recording Architecture
Hard disk
Probe Recording Architecture
Leon Abelmann
Systems and Materials for Information storage MESA + Research Institute University of Twente
and Materials for Information
Problem 1: Data Density Solution 1: probes
C60 molecules (1 nm)
Jim 6imzewski et 01 (uda) website
IBM Millipede project Problem 2: Data rate
AI'ray Animation Pr·jnc.iple. Animation
- 16- More Problem 2: Data rate limit Solution 2: Parallel heads
Armnation
More Problem 3: Access time 3: Access time Innuence of latency
·18M HOD AccesslSeek Time-Performance Increase
-7%AGR
.... _·i\.. rIIoJ....,.,..I'·.I __F
r~ttlJ'lt-I~~
*~!t .i 5D~;--~--;500!;;;--"'--""""~OOO;;-~--";o\500",~~--:d - Processor frequency (MHz)
Solution 3: Decouple seek/read Hard disk !J.SPAM Bonus: Form factor
Empty IBM It-drive, nano-drive
Full
- 17 - Bonus: Power consumption Nanodrive
Springs & actuators,
o _ UIID l50D 2000 2511) Data rate [kBitls] 'I cm
Mlertl!l\UhornCGI~itlOnl!!i World activities Combdrive actuator
Who Medium Write Reed Actuotor
IBM Polymer heated tip heated cantilever Voice-coil HP Phase-change e-beam induced current Electrostatic (molecular) surface drive Samsung Ferro-electric E-field force Voice coil Hitachi Polymer cold tip deflection unknown LG Polymer heated tip piezoelectric unknown
eMU Magnetic B-field force/MR Electrostatic STM heating comb-drive MESA Magnetic B-field force/MR Electrostatic stepper
A.nimuiion
pSPAM Voice coil actuator Shuffle motor
Multiple actuators: improved concurrency
- 18 - Magnetic Force Mode Magneto-resistance Mode
WRITE READ WRITE
external field external field 1
Recording media Write Experiments
MR Probe Design MESA+ /iWalker
Read Wri~
li~~t'J!J! 'iE~1~f= a.""IW'''~ ';.Votolo'l;t:fPIJ'(lt ~.$IXJf.rlOlJDli''q\ .... 1lwl(,~W 7.klI'I'd!"""W !I.~~n.. i1.Nr~
Current Magneti.ation (Movi<) Animatkm, Vidco
- 19- 2D /lWalker Harmonica Drive
StoBots Mass and Solitary • -. . • • • J ......
• '-r.r,:" ~ ..- .. .. • .. .. • Tile StoC · Mass access Solitary access DiscoMected array: improved storage capacity
Stobot Access times Conclusion
100 MSyte file, 10 kHz per tip
1 mmls Mass. + Probe recording iSllQt only about probes, also about architecture 1 m!'l1/,$$o1 X 1 ;~n\:-;;;: ~.~~t!> i' c,~·~ ~:'-;l Li • Decreased access t 'me 10 cm!.sMaS$ 10 em!5 Sol •0 • Increased data rate 'nH'~"'fi. • Decreased form factor 1 n\fs~1 •i:. • Adaptive PQwer consumption
20 - 21 - - 22- From DVD to Blu Ray Disc
A Simplified Roadmap
·"''''{~_;l'l'iIIN_~)Il~~_~~''''''I'fE ~,_, ••, ~~od!,_ tr..;,..,~,,, ,""~. ..,.,, .Mo¥ HI._
Outline Preliminary Clarification
DVD and 80 eonverrtions.: • ~~troductlon to optical disc systems 1 gigabyte (GBI =1000 megabyt•• (MB) . = 1000'· kilobytes (1
Computer industry convontions (HOD, &Ie,), Including CO slorago: 1 gigobyt. (GBI c 1024 megabytes (MB) a 1024' klk>byte. (kel c1024"S bytes
.t!2!!.:. To .YOid the conlusion with the metric multiples, the International e ..ctrowehnlcal Commission lIie) inb"OdUC4ld in 1999 IMo preflAes "lIibfM (IIi), "'Mebl~ (Mil, and "GlbtH (GIl. tCI desi9'"lItll the mutdples 21G. 2., and ~ ofthe byte, but dMy .... YIIfY .eldom UMUniHS spec.lfied, prefil(e5 adopted lhtoughout this presemarion can'or"" 10 Ihe DVtl and BD .t.andMds..
_." _L,~.jjjyo$oo;fo""'"""'"""'::."""""""".o"''''':''''•• ,"",I.· .. \ .. .t.,.. .._'''''6i'j6':~",," __l '1;11 !o"'_~".(;'_· ..... l~"""'<4J",jo,,,,,'f<¥"~'" ~ ;F.,·[~,t,",,_U-_""T«,,".,.,IIII'_~!',lW.o
Optical Storage Solutions Optical Disc Market - CD and DVD Data Drives
• Read-only optical discs: o CD·OA, CD-ROM, Vidfoo CO, HoeD, DO-CO, ~. o DVQ·Yideo, OVO-ROM. OVD-Audio, OIVX (obsolete) (j SACO. HDIOYD-a o BD-ftOM, HO·OVO (reed-onlv) • Write-once read-many (WORM) discs: o CD-R, ODoR. DVO·R, OVD+R, BO.R • Rewrltable discs: o PD (obsolete). CD-RW, D[)..RW o DVD-RW. DVO+RW. DVD-RAM Q MvDlsc (obsolete, u BD-RE, HD-DVO (formerly ADD) • Magneto-optical (MO) disks, Including MlnlDlsc (MO) • Magneto-optical tape (obsolete) 0' • Optical memory cards 1999 2000 2001 2002 2000 2004 ms :z...XJ6 y.",
".""r;. j<.o:l""~~I"Io«N:"'_·"'~).\.~_"":·_f'>Io:!:f'<:_jl_I<>;N-8IotrH ~
- 23 - Optical Disc Utilization Optical Discs: Advantages vs. Disadvantages
lnform.ation .exchange uxt • Advantages: sound :...J accepted worldwide standardization so-ftware graphic," ;:.J removability combined with hlgh""'""::...... ~~~ ..."""""', ... ,~ ... ".""-',..""'$."""'"..I4o .... ""! """",:. -""I","'"", __",,'IU<:""".~& __ ~_'!'!I~~"~"! !l.a .."~."",,, h"'_II"',.. >I:.~'~ ,>" •...,-.;,-·,.o><~. i')$< !fU..,:~..., ~~_(!"'''''' •• Y'H r..,,, ...... J~_ ...... 1e.~(
Outline DVD Standards - Current Classification (a)
• DVD systems o Inteme:hc'mef 5tartdcu'da. Dve Formats Imdon.ed by the Dve forum
~
t;NI;:., ....,."'t.;::t..~",_ ...... ~iltll,_,'~!I'"IIlr<"_ .. ""i ""'''''''''''''',l' 1>1;"" k'''''''''''''' .... ~~./Ilo'''' ....$Hl>'''''''p~' ..... _rH :f;R~"'II'! •• w..,.~~ »H><. I,.
DVD Standards - Current Classification (b) Outline
OVO Forma\:s endorSed by • DVD systems Royal Philips E~etronlc. ",'i,r:;' and Sony Corp, o DTives Gild iIIflgln6s _ III'chiteClfurai Overview
or by the OVO.RW Alliance backlKl by the Be Grnl.lp:
Hew.ett~Packard Company Mttsublshi Chemic:.al corp. Royal Philips Electronics Rlcoh Co., Ltd, Sony Corp, Yamaha Corp. Thomson M1J'tlm~ Dell Computer Corporation
"""" ~ '-\.r. ;P;-I~~~ "',,'<--"'...,Q't ~.", ..... ! C~,~. 'Iuo.::p1>i .'> !Ioo*"">f~r 'l,-"1':"""" f:oool: ",""" "." ....~: fT.<:""!b,; •.• "'~~'.'-l·~ ot:~f ~r"P',.!c,.". (Ir ,,- m<. 12
- 24- The DVD System A Functional Drive Partitioning
..... """.-~"."...... ~.E, ...... ,.. .. -~l!~...,.,""JI! ...,..,.tl_~~_J''''''_~M'''''''''/lipIooII.--<~! :f££'h""""""':,~;...:1!"...... "',... ..~,~ h<, ...... "" .. _IN, t~. i'lI~Y'''I'''''_J, .. '''' •• ILl:I3.
Optical Disc Engine - A Simplified Block Diagram Outline
• DVD systems !;':«n;"~"A:0l :,,;,,,,<1:.<>;<):
~.; _,:::."",-.~~_...,.,.~~t:"''''.'''''''''V""",,"I!_=>-l £:;:t"'_'t'... ~,t_; .._",,,.¥r""_$'!"~IIII;Basic layered Structure of Optical Discs DVD layer Structure (1)
Cr08$ section illlOng the recorded track of a .tngle~ skit, slngte-layef DVD
CI'OM ..etlon along the recorded: tract:. of III doubie :&ldt!.lIlngle-iayer DVD
'""''''t;''''''ll'b'''''.~~8\lSfr-"_''~~.,*,,,-;', irt~"*""",""""-~l<-""lI~~"1T,,,,·_-III.rf"'1...~ "
25 - DVD layer Structure (2) CD versus DVD
Cross &eetton ~jOn9 the recorded track 01 a stngje~ sltl«. doUbie.... ayer OVl)
Cross aeetlon along the recorded treek of a double side. double-layer PVp
~~ ~.~f1I>!I"-._ ...... \,,c.""'''''''''''~~~!I_ .. ,,,,.. ';(f.~f"_""'.'fiI_U,,,..... ,.,..,CD versus DVD (2) Generic DVD Readout
SEN! photograph", cO and OVD sutmr~. M 5een from the: Inskie- of the dlse.
• ~dl. ar ....ad out using ~ far.field diffraction of a 1M"," beam • Tho r_od beam has the amplitude and phase modified by !be relief structure impressed on disc
CD versus DVD Physical Parameters (1) CD versus DVD Physical Parameters (2)
.,.l;;:;hM?'W<·~~"~"'~-'~""';!iI k;<"{,"""I"'h>1r.>""'r~t __~~"""""'dt, 1t;r\"''l'''"-''!:...f"""",''''''"",\io.4t'''~_Ik>-",tM1 :f>!!~,<'I't_,_"""'·_·¥Y'''l1~f·IiI#y'>l.?:fI·
- 26- The DVD Laser Spot Outline
R = 0.61). An,
Patameter Dependency Spo161ze at fOcus .{·'NA
""",,,_~,,,,,,,,,...... :IWt"J,,,._,-"~""""t!.l """..,("_~"'-""t",~:~~~(c.~,,",,,~ ... ,z,.J if~/:s,,,,,,,_tf~'"""""':""'_"'f,~I'''''"''''''''~JiI.w>a ..... If)i# '''~'_ "".~""'",,\I.>lt""'''''~'' h''''1~l'''''" ....~ \to ~t
Diffraction Gratings Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)
DVD QPtIcaI cut-o\ffAquency: J> 2· ~A =1.846 ","-1 II. ;; ~ 2>', . NA .. 6,443 MHz 1
P -'lM.I'kIbI*Of'C!/t'gpel1OO ~gOl'f1beplrllmdtl!tgthI No""allzed spatloI ft'I_dlfluc~!I)I"de'r fAquency. ). - teerWGYtolef'lgUt ft-fmOlt'ct~~I!ff«!lfdordllr .1..r=_A_ sin 19" -sin rl', mA l"NA p
Generic Optics for CO/DVD Readout (and Recording) RF Signal Generation • ,Commot'!...... photo~ for CD and DVD • Objectiw len. dNlgn8d to woril with 1.2w and6.6-mm substnle ~ .e~a'lftth&{j~ laaer are posMbfe • CDJJ)VO idStN' ~ tor tHdout:: 5-.1 "'W • Laser power fM CO I'eCOfdIng: up to Z$O mW !52XC~ • 1,.ti.$«p-(rfHrtor OVD reeonUng; upto280mW (16XOVO)
~ntnd ilpertuf~ FaF ~g'\I.ll: c.o.cA ... e ... c+o
:kAb(' _'(I'M'" """ __~" __ .. """,,,,,,;!\.dh"_.;~J .w:t~~~", "",_~ ...... ,"'h""",,",\1( ~'\4.\*
- 27- The Servo Channel Generic Electromechanics and Servo Functions
• I,.oedhmloed dia.c itr~y Motor) • pj.~ fotaliol'l tlUm'labl1!l motor) • Adjust diu till jom), ~ In reoo~ avo ~/M. not Show,. on flGuAYj • Keep IeHr $polll\ foctH. tto-.actllf!1f.1t; • TrltCking (firM dts.pktcementS 01 the ~*Wr f~~'" by Mlan "iMlJ" *Ui1») • sa.« l1et.. di.. pIeCoflMnta of the $IM!~ ended with track; fliC4lii*itWm periom'tM by the _l
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Focusing of the Laser Spot Astigmatic Focus Method
Maximum allowed focus error: ± (;:.9 tlM
_"'$<"'f'Wl:FI~¢a~",,*!if'Id1>o"'-'-'l !Mjj'~r~"...,.._...,." .. T" __~l[.~
Tracking the Continuous Data Spiral Focus and Tracking Servo Loops
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