Introduction to the Physiology Unit and Kingdom Protista

Plant Physiology

Interactions 1- Organism Organization

Essential Knowledge 4.B.2: Cooperative interactions within organisms promote efficiency in the use of energy and matter.

Go to the Introduction to Physiology link, scroll down and play the Plant section of the Prezi. Answer the following questions.

1) Name the three types of plant cells and note their specific function.

2) Fill in the chart below on the types of plant tissues Tissue Types Cells Function

Dermal

Ground

Vascular

3) The xylem and the phloem are two different types of vascular tissue. Complete the Venn Diagram below demonstrating the similarities and differences between the xylem and phloem.

Xylem Phloem 4) List the main function of each of the three plant organs below.

A. Leaf 

B. Stem 

C. Root 

5) All plants are made up of two main systems: the roots and the shoots. Sketch a picture of a basic plant below. Label the root and shoots. Beside each label, give the function of each plant system. In the shoots label the stem and leaf (two of the three main organs) and beside each label, give the function of each.

Regulation 4 – Nutrition - Scroll down and play the Plant section of the Prezi. Answer the following questions.

1) What nutrient, necessary for photosynthesis, do plants take in through their stomata?

2) What waste product of photosynthesis do plants release through their stomata?

3) The root is the major absorptive surface of plants. What is the name of the structure on a plant root that acts to increase the surface area for absorbing water and minerals?

4) What type of transport process moves nutrients into plant roots? 5) Describe a symbiotic relationship between plants and bacteria. Explain the importance of this relationship.

6) Describe a symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi. Explain the importance of this relationship.

Essential Knowledge 2.D.2: Homeostatic mechanisms reflect both common ancestry and divergence due to adaptation in different environments.

Regulation 3- Osmoregulation - Scroll down and play the Plant section of the Prezi. Answer the following questions.

1) Plants are osmoconformers, what does this mean?

Essential Knowledge 4.A.4: Organisms exhibit complex properties due to interactions between their constituent parts.

Regulation 5 – Transport - scroll down and play the Plant section of the Prezi. Answer the following questions.

1) Some plants (the bryophytes) do not have vascular tissue. How does the lack of vascular tissue constrain bryophyte anatomy?

2) Water must move into a plant at the roots and out of a plant at the leaf. Keeping this in mind, explain the relationship/difference between the water potential in a plant root and the water potential in a plant leaf.

3) What type of transport are roots using to move water and minerals into them? Why is this so important? 4) What is the function of the casparian strip in plant roots?

5) Water Transport: Explain how the root, stem and the leaf play a role in moving water from the root to the atmosphere. Be sure to use, define, and explain the following processes in your explanation: transpiration, cohesion, and adhesion.

6) What is guttation?

7) What structure in a plant leaf functions as the main control mechanism for moving water out of a leaf and controlling gas exchange in a leaf?

8) Sketch two stomata – one with flaccid guard cells and the other with turgid guard cells. Label each stomate with the following terms: open/closed and flaccid/turgid. Under each picture, draw an arrow showing the net movement of water and explain why water is moving in that direction (be sure to explain how potassium ions play a role in this process). 9) What are the physiological consequences of a plant keeping its stomata closed during the day time?

10) Describe an example of a physiological adaptation that minimizes water loss in a particular plant.

11) Sugar is made in the leaf of a plant, but it may need to be transported to another area of a plant where the sugar is needed to provide energy to the plant. Name the specialized plant tissue that transports food/sugar throughout the plant body.

12) The area where sugar is made is called the ______and the area that is deficient in sugar or where sugar will be taken is called the ______.

13) Explain how sugar is moved throughout the phloem of a plant (from the source to the sink).

Helpful Video Links:

Bozeman Biology: Plant Nutrition & Transport: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsY8j8f54I0&feature=plcp Kingdom Plantae Aquatic Vascular Plants Terrestrial Plants Environmental Constraints and how the plant overcomes them Transport: How are gases are transported throughout the organism? Respiration: Structures used for gas exchange Circulation: describe the path that water and sugar takes in a terrestrial plant Osmoregulation: N/A How is water balance maintained within a plant? Thermoregulation N/A