Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences s123

RESUME

Name : Sukanya. B Age : 25 yrs Sex : Female Date of Birth : 20-04-1983 Nationality : Indian Religion : Hindu Father’s Name : P.K. Bhaskaran Nair Marital Status : Single Qualification : B.Sc. Nursing (Basic), RGUHS, Karnataka – 560 041 Educational Qualification :

Qualification University Institution Marks PUC 2000 Government of Kerala St. Theresas Bethany 61% Board of Higher Secondary Convent Girls Higher Examination Secondary School, Chengaroor B.Sc. Nursing Rajiv Gandhi University of Alva’s College of 62% (Basic) 2006 Health Sciences, Karnataka Nursing, Moodbidri

Experience :

Period Institution Designation 02-11-2004 to 06-05-2008 Alva’s College of Nursing, Asst. Lecturer Moodbidri RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.

ANNEXURE-II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

Name Of The Candidate And SUKANYA B. 1 Address (in block letters) IST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF NURISNG, FALNIR ROAD, KANKANADY, MANGALORE-575002

2 Name Of The Institution SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF NURSING, FALNIR ROAD, KANKANADY, MANGALORE-575002 3 Course Of The Study And M.Sc. NURSING Subject OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGICAL NURSING

4 Date Of Admission to the course 02.06.2008

5 Title Of the topic: A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SELECTED ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG EARLY ADOLESCENT HOSTELITE AND NON HOSTELITE GIRLS IN SELECTED SETTINGS, KARNATAKA.

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK 6.1 Need for the study

The future of India lies in the hand of our youth. Adolescent is a period when physical growth and maturation are accompanied by mental and psychological development. It is extremely important period for developmental achievement and reproductive growth. Early adolescence is the first stage of Adolescence, characterized by a spurt of growth and the development of secondary sexual characteristics.1

Among adolescents reproductive health, includes puberty and menstruation are considered as a land mark in the process of growth and maturation.. This is a time in which the individuals feels himself different from other and characteristics put the adolescents at risk for teasing and ridicule.2

A study was conducted by Jacob J M(2000) on assessing the knowledge and anxiety of early adolescents related to pubertal growth in a selected schools of Udupi district shows out of 170 early adolescents,55.88% had not received adequate parental preparation on pubertal growth and majority,16.18% had only average knowledge and majority of early adolescent had moderate anxiety.3

A study was Conducted by Anoop Khanna on menstrual practices and reproductive problems, a significantly a large, proportion of girls were not aware of menstruation when they first experienced it. Mothers are often the closest informant and teacher of the growing adolescent girls, however information on menstruation given by the mothers are often incomplete and incorrect, usually being based on cultural myths. These finding reinforce the need to bring adolescent girls out of traditional belief, misconception and encourage safe and hygienic practices.4

For many girls, menstruation is serious concern, in this time they suffer from various physical, psychological discomfort. Few mothers openly talk about this with their daughters, where as some hesitate to inform, because of social and cultural taboos. There fore the menstrual problem puts the young children in to many embarrassing situation, leading to negative orientation to this process. So the inadequate knowledge, misconception and wrong ideas lead to undue fear, anxiety and undesirable attitudes in the minds of those early adolescent girls. Since it is also proved that age of attaining maturity has also came down, need of this study is to help these early adolescent girls to prepare for their bodily changes and develop a positive attitude to cope with these change by right kind of information at right time through teaching programme.

As a health professional the nurse should discuss, support and teach the adolescent girls regarding their reproductive health particularly during their early adolescent period as they are in the changing process. This would prevent the adolescents from becoming psychologically upset and the received education would wipe away all wrong ideas and misconceptions.

The investigator was interested in studying the difference in their knowledge among hostelite and nonhostelite girls and felt that many adolescent hostelite girls among this period lack the proper guidance and information regarding their reproductive health when they lack the warmth and care from their parents especially mother. So the investigator felt it was important to study and assess the knowledge of early adolescent girls regarding reproductive health on puberty and menstruation, and there was a need of adequate teaching programme to improve their knowledge 6.2 Review of literature

A study evaluated by Bhan N B and Sondhi M (2004) on sex knowledge among 75 adolescent girls in the age group of 12-16 years shown that the majority of sample (76%) experience menarche at the age of 12-14 years (37-33%) were aggressive in their behavior and (34.61%) were fearful because they were not mentally prepared for those bodily charges 22.66% of the total sample showed cranky behavior on the onset of menarche and 5.33% showed tantrums occasionally.5

A study was conducted by Singh SP and Arora M (2006) among 504 intermediate college going adolescent girls studying in 7th and 12th standard in Varanasi U.P to assess their knowledge regarding menstruation. Only 45.6% of the study subjects obtained more than 50% score. Age at menarche, duration of menstrual cycle, girls reach puberty before boys and menstruation makes women capable of childbearing was correctly known to more than two-fields of the study subjects. More than half of the girls did not know that during menstruation blood come from uterus/vagina, 84.9% stated that it is dangerous to swim and run during periods.6

A longitudinal study was conducted by Largo H and Prador A on somatic pubertal development among 142 swiss girls aged between 9 and 18 years is described. The mean chronological age at the onset of pubertal growth spurt was 9.6 years. The peak of the pubertal growth spurt was reached at a mean age of 12.2 years. The development of pubic hair started at a mean age of 10.4 years. Breast development of 10.9 years and the development of axillary hair at 12.0 years. Menarche occurs at 2.7 years after the initiation of pubic hair development and 2.2 years after the breast development has started. Menarche was noted at a mean age of 13.4 years.7 A study was conducted by Adhikari and Mandal (2007) on knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among 150 adolescent girls of 13-15 years from schools of Shivanagar and Patihani Village showed that samples were not adequately maintaining menstrual hygiene. Only 6.0% of girls know that menstruation is a physiologic process 36.7% know that it is caused by hormone 94% of them use the pads during the period but only 11.3% dispose it. Overall knowledge and practice were 40.6% and 12.9% respectively. So it was found that both were not satisfactory and the girls should be educated about the process and significance of mensturaton.8

A Study was conduced by Gabor J A (2005) to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea among high school female students in Eastern Hungary.2337 girls were interviewed in this study, and the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea among high school female adolescent students in Eastern –Hungary. 2337 girls were interviewed in this study and the overall prevalence of dysmenorrhoea in this population was 79.2%. Altogether 67.0% described their pain and cramp as severe. It was concluded that it is important to provide them with information on the disease and possible treatment options.9

A study was done by Banikarim C. (2000) to determine the prevalence dysmenorrhea among 706 Hispanic female adolescents and its impact on academic performance was carried out. The results of the study revealed that 85% of the participants reported to have dysmenorrhea. The activities affected include class concentration among 59%, sports (51%) and class participation (50%). The findings also identified that menstrual pain was significantly associated with school absenteeism and decreased academic performance, sports participation and specialization with peers

(p<0.01).10

6.3 Problem statement A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SELECTED ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG EARLY ADOLESCENT HOSTELITE AND NON HOSTELITE GIRLS IN SELECTED SETTINGS, KARNATAKA.

6.4 Objectives of the study

The objectives of the study are to:

 determine the level of knowledge of early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls regarding selected aspects of reproductive health.

 compare the level of knowledge of early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls regarding selected aspects of reproductive health.

 find out the effectiveness of planned teaching programme among early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls regarding selected aspects of reproductive health.

6.5 Operational definitions

Reproductive Health

According to WHO, Reproductive health is defined as a state of Physical, mental and social well being in all matters relating to the reproductive system at all stages of life’s.

In this study reproductive health refers to components like puberty and menstruation which includes anatomy and physiology of reproductive system, development of secondary sexually characteristics, menstrual cycle, menstrual hygiene, dysmenorrhea and its management.

Knowledge

It refers to information and skills acquired through experience or education (Concise Oxford Dictionary). In this study knowledge means information regarding puberty and menstruation.

Effectiveness

It refers to, producing a desired or intended result (Concise Oxford Dictionary). In this study, effectiveness means the extent to which the teaching programme on selected aspects of reproductive health includes puberty and menstruation has achieved the desired effect in improving the knowledge of early adolescent girls as evidence from gain in post test score.

Early adolescent Girls

It refers to the age group between 10-13 years (Nelson Text book of Pediatrics). In this study it refers to girls between 10 -13 years of age who are in 6 th, 7th and 8th Standard.

Planned Teaching Programme (PTP)

It is formulated and organized method by which a thing is to be done by systematic information (Oxford advanced learners dictionary). In this study planned teaching programme refers to systematically developed instructional teaching on selected aspects of reproductive health components like puberty and menstruation which includes anatomy and physiology of female reproductive system, development of secondary sexual characteristics menstrual cycle, menstrual hygiene, dysmenorrhea and its management. 6.6 Assumptions  Early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls will have some knowledge regarding selected aspects of reproductive health.  Planned teaching programme may enhance the knowledge on selected aspects of reproductive health.

6.7 Delimitations

 Early adolescent hostelite and non hoselite girls of selected settings, Karnataka..  Early adolescent girls of age group within 10-13yrs.

 Early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls who are willing to participate in the study.

 Early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls who are present at the time of data collection.

6.8 Hypothesis. (Hypothesis will be tested at 0.05 level of significance)

H1: There will be significant difference between mean pretest and post test scores on selected aspects of reproductive health.

7. MATERIAL AND METHODS

7.1 Source of data

Data will be collected from early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls in the age group between 10-13 years.

7.1.1 Research design

Pre experimental, one group pretest –post test design

Subject Pre test Treatment Post test

Early adolescent Oı X O2 girls.

R: 01 x 02 R= Sample

01 = Pre test regarding Puberty and Menstruation. X = Health Education

02 = Post test regarding Puberty and Menstruation. 7.1.2 Setting

The study will be conducted among early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls in selected schools, hostels. 7.1.3 Population

Population under study consists of early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls in selected settings.

7.2 Method of data collection

7.2.1 Sampling procedure

Purposive sampling Technique.

7.2.2 Sample size

The sample consists of 100 early adolescent girls who include 50 early adolescent hostelite and 50 early adolescent non hostelite girls.

7.2.3 Inclusion criteria for sampling

Early Adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls;

 In selected settings,Karnataka.

 In the age group between 10-13yrs.

 Who are willing to participate in the study.

7.2.4 Exclusion criteria for sampling

Early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls;

 who are not willing to participate in the study.

 who are not present at the time of data collection.

7.2.5 Instruments used

The structured questionnaire and demographic Performa regarding selected aspects of reproductive health. 7.2.6 Data collection method Data will be collected by structured questionnaire with the help of pretest and post test method on selected aspects of reproductive health.

 Permission will be obtained from the selected Institution.  Selecting 50 early adolescent hostelites and 50 early adolescent non hostelites.

 Consent will be obtained from the sample.

 Administer pretest questionnaire regarding the selected aspects of reproductive health includes puberty and menstruation.

 Conduct planned teaching programme regarding selected aspects of reproductive health includes puberty and Menstruation.

 After 7 days post-test will be administered.

7.2.7 Data analysis plan It is done by using descriptive and inferential statistics;

 The level of knowledge of early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls, regarding selected aspects of reproductive health will be analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation.

 Comparison of knowledge of early adolescent hostelite and non hostelite girls regarding selected aspects of reproductive health will be analyzed using chi- square test.

 Effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding selected aspects of reproductive health. Will be analyzed using paired t-test. 7.3 Does the study require any investigation to be conducted on patient or other Humans or Animals? If so please describe briefly Yes; Distribution of structured questionnaire by means of pre test and post test method. 7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from institution in case of 7.3?

Ethical clearance will be obtained from the concerned authorities.

8 LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Ghai O P,Gupta P,Paul V K.Ghai Essential Pediatrics. 6th ed. CBS publishers and distributors. 2005; 66-8.

2. Marlow D R, Redding B A. Text Book of Pediatric Nursing. Elsevier publishers 6th ed. 2005; 1115-6.

3. Jacob J M.A study to assess the knowledge and anxiety on pubertal changes among adolescents in selected schools of Udupi Dist. Unpublished Master of Nursing Thesis. 2000;.Manipal university Manipal.

4. Khanna A. Menstrual practices and reproductive problems. Journal of Health Management 2000; 7(1): 91-107.

5. Bhan N B, Sondhi. Awareness regarding Sex knowledge among adolescent girls. Anthropology .2004;63 (1):63-65

6. Singh S P,Singh M, Arora M, Sen P. knowledge assessment regarding puberty and menstruation among school adolescent girls of district Varanasi. Indian Journal of Preventive and social medicine. 2006:.23(5):

7. Largo H, prader A. A somatic puberty development in girls. Abstract filed from pubmed.

8. Adhikari, Dhungel, Kadel, Mandal. Knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene in rural adolescent girls of Nepal.Kathmandu University Medical Journal 2007; 5(3):

9. Gabar J A. Dysmenorrhoea in adolescent girls. Orvosi hetilap.2005; 146(1):.27-32

10. Banikarim C, Chacko M D, Kelder S H. Prevalence and impact of dysmenorrhoea on Hispanic female adolescents. Arch pediatr Adolesc Med 2000 ;154.1226-29.

9 Signature of the Candidate

10 Remarks of the Guide

11 Name and designation of (In Block letters)

11.1 Guide MRS. SINDHU SANTHOSH, M.Sc (N) ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & H.O.D OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF NURSING MANGALORE -02 11.2 Signature

11.3 Co-Guide (if any)

11.4 Signature

11.5 Head of the MRS. SINDHU SANTHOSH, M.Sc (N) Department ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & H.O.D OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF NURSING MANGALORE -02, 11.6 Signature

12 12.1 Remarks of the Chairman and Principal

12.1 Signature