ERBİL Project Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd

ERBİL Project Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd. TR construction partner: highlight report 1

Project name Archaeology and Construction Engineering Skills

Date 7 April 2008 Circulated to ACES partners Period 1 October 2007 – 31 March 2008 covered Author Ş. Gümrah KÖŞGEROĞLU

Schedule Problem foreseen status As the start of work on the project was delayed until after the official 1 October 2007 start date, work of project is behind schedule. By following the timetable agreed at the Reading meeting, the Promoter and partners should be able to complete the project on schedule.

Budget No problems foreseen status

Resources No additional resource problems foreseen

Products and tasks completed by the partner during this period Participation in the 1st Partner Meeting in Reading Preliminary Questions for Engineering Panel Meeting sent to partners The report about current situation in Turkey written (Annex1) Ideas for Turkish Engineering Panel Topic prepared (Annex2) The valorisation plan written (Annex3) Dissemination activities performed (Annex4) The e-mail group of “[email protected]” created

Products and tasks to be completed by the partner in the next period (before next Project Partner Meeting in Denizli, 9-10 May 2008) Turkish Engineering Panel to be formed

1 Annex1:

ACES - REPORT ABOUT CURRENT SITUATION IN TURKEY

1. INTRODUCTION

Turkey is landing on a huge heritage on which the Anatolian Civilizations like Hittite, Phrygia, Lycia, Lydia, Ionia, Seljuqs and Ottoman Empire have invaluable impacts. The civilization history of the Anatolia which is the Asian part of the Turkey began 12,000 years ago. The examples of the first agricultural activities, the oldest settlements of community and the preliminary civilization culture are a part of the assets of Anatolia. Çatalhöyük, Troy, Gordium, Midas, Hattusha, Ephesus, Pergamon and Miletus are the great Anatolian Cities which have significant place in Global Culture (REF1).

By being aware of the global responsibilities, Turkey signed the corporation agreement with UNESCO World Heritage Centre in 1983. Then, in 1985, three sites of Turkey, “the Historic Areas of İstanbul”, “Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia” and “Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital”, have been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. By the confirmation for inclusion in the list of the other sites like Hattusha: the Hittite Capital in 1986, Nemrut Dağ in 1987, Xanthos – Letoon and Hierapolis – Pamukkale in1988, City of Safranbolu in 1994 and lastly the Archaeological Site of Troy in 1998, totally 9 sites in Turkey are included in UNESCO World Heritage Site List (REF2).

In addition, the list composed of 19 Sites including Ishak Pasha Palace, Sümela Monastery, Topkapı Palace and Hagia Sophia was recommended by Ministry of Culture of Turkey in 2000 to UNESCO to confirm for inclusion in the list (REF3). Furthermore, Turkey has two Wonders counted in the Seven Ancient Wonders which are “Temple of Artemis at Ephesus” and “Mausoleum of Maussollos at Halicarnassus”

Although the history of Anatolia depends on the far past, the protection and management strategy for Global Heritages of Turkey is not an old concept. In order to arrange construction and archaeological sites, the first conservative regulation was prepared in 1956. This regulation was not able to satisfy the demand of conservation and management for archaeological sites since it was designed for regulating the neighboring distance of construction sites to archaeological ones and old structures. Therefore it was essential to form a new and more conservative 2 management regulation for these sites. In 1973, the new law having the purposes of preservation and management the natural and cultural heritages was approved. The term of “Site” was firstly mentioned in context of the law, which is general concept of the sites having the cultural and natural heritage on (REF2).

2. DEFINITION OF AREA TYPES IN RESPECT TO NATURAL, HISTORICAL & CULTURAL VALUES

As it is mentioned before, there are laws for regulating the land use over the country territory. It is possible to divide the land in two groups; first group is the Sites and the second group is the other areas except for the Sites. The arrangement of the use of the second group areas are performed by the municipalities. The first group of areas, the Sites, may be described roughly as the areas having significant natural, historical and cultural values and the activities related to these areas are regulated by the laws and decisions made by the governmental committee.

In order to understand the current situation in Turkey, it is essential to deepen the Site concept. The term “Site” is described as the areas being settlements or their remains coming from past to present indicating the social, economical, architectural characteristics of the civilizations, and/or the places on which the significant historical events happened or cultural assets exist and/or the natural beauties which have the requirement of conservation. There are six groups of Sites which are Archaeological, Natural, Urban, Historical, Urban Archaeological and The Other Group of Sites. Totally, there are 8963 pieces of registered Sites in the country, 7097 pieces of them are Archaeological and 1109 pieces of them Natural Sites. The determination, definition of the boundaries and degree of the Sites is the mission of the “Conservation Committee of Cultural and Natural Assets” (Conservation Committee) which is governmental organization depends on the Ministry of Culture.

In Archaeological Sites (Sites), there are three registration degrees according to their significance and potential; 1st, 2nd and 3rd Degree. 1st Degree Site is described as the areas which is totally conserved from any activities except the scientific studies aimed to conservation. For the 2nd Degree Sites, it is essential to be conserved again from any activities except the scientific studies aimed to conservation and the conditions of use and conservation are determined by Conservation Committee. On the other hand, 3rd Site is defined as the areas on which the new arrangements can be performed in the scope of conservation and use decisions.

As it is seen in the description of the degrees of Sites, any kind of construction activities except the scientific studies is forbidden in the 1st Degree Sites. On the 3 other hand, for the other degrees of Sites, the Conservation Committee has the right to arrange the conditions whether it will stop the construction activity or will allow the construction activity by defining the conditions of the activity in the control of experts of archaeology (REF4).

3. THE CURRENT SITUATION DURING IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Construction sector is one of the locomotive sectors in Turkey which has significant place in the national economy. By analyzing the near past of Turkey, development of construction sector is strongly supported by the state and municipalities. Since the prohibition of construction activity in 1st Degree Sites, there is no any kind of problem faced between construction and archaeological industry. On the other hand, in case of the construction activity in the 2nd and 3rd Degree Sites and the other areas except Sites, it is possible to be seen a conflict between the construction and archaeological industry due to archaeological remains found in the construction sites.

The conservation strategy including the classification of the land by the concept of Sites for the archaeological assets in Turkey does not satisfy the demand. As it is mentioned earlier, the Conservation Committee has the right to arrange the determination, definition of the boundaries and degree of the Sites. On the other hand, Conservation Committee is not always composed of the experts and the members of the Committee are changing by the directives of the alternating political views of Ministry of Culture. This led to contradictory decisions made by Conservation Committee (REF5). In several cases, the boundaries of the Sites are not clearly defined and the degree of Sites may be changed by the Conservation Committee. In addition, there are conflicts of law between the governmental and municipal organizations. The boundaries of authority and responsibility are also not clearly defined for these organizations. In this chaotic atmosphere, since the volume of the economy based on construction is large, the idea of the unearned income becomes a significant component in planning strategy of the municipalities (REF6, 7).

4. PROCEDURES OF CONSTRUCTION ON AN AREA INCLUDING CULTURAL ASSETS

The procedure to follow when movable or unmovable natural or archaeological assets are found is clearly arranged by the laws (REF4). In case of such a situation, the Conservation Committee interfere the situation and the activities on that land are ensued until the Conservation Committee declare the decision on that land.

4 For the dam projects, there is a Principle Decision approved in 2006 by the Ministry of Culture (REF8). According to these principles, a Commission composed of Academicians and Experts from Ministry will investigate the dam region, do the inventory studies for the present and/or possible present natural and archaeological assets and inform the State Hydraulic Works (SHW) whether there will be Archaeological Sites and/or unmovable cultural assets present on that region. In case there will be archaeological Sites and/or unmovable cultural assets present on that region and the Commission will approve them, then, SHW will do the researches for finding a new dam region. Whether the dam project will be implemented on the region which is an Archaeological Site and/or has unmovable cultural assets;

 A Science Commission (Comission) will be constituted composed of experts from Universities (including Archaeologists, Art Historians, City Planners, Architectures, Geologists, Restoration and Conservation Specialists etc) by the Ministry of Culture and SHW and the Commission will do their studies on the dam region until the construction will be ended.  An “Emergency Action Plan” will be prepared by the Commission according to the quality and concentration of the cultural assets determined on the dam region.  The implementation and the budget of the Emergency Action Plan will be determined by the protocol between the Ministry of Culture and SHW,  The innovative studies for creating the inventory, excavation and their reliefs, geology of the region will be performed according to Emergency Action Plan in order to determine of the cultural assets,  After the completion of the studies, the suggestion report about conserving of the assets in its original place, transfering them in an safer region, or certifying and leaving them under the water body of the dam will be created by the Commission,  The Suggestion Report will be sent to the Conservation Committee, and the Committee will declare their decisions.  According to the decisions of the Conservation Committee;  Whether conservation in its original place is decided, the related “Conservation Projects” will be created,  Whether transfer of them in an safer region is decided, the present settling plan and suggested transfer region plan will be created,  Whether certification and left them under the water body of the dam, the digital and visual data will be taken, the Conservation Project against the water circulation in water body of the dam will be created,  The budget covering all expenses of the Conservation Projects, excavation activity etc. will be constituted by the SHW,

5  The Conservation Projects will be performed synchronized with the dam construction activities and the dam will not operate until the Conservation Projects will end.  Sub-marine archaeologists will control the current situation of the cultural assets which will be left under the water body of the dam.  The knowledge and documents obtained during the studies will be publicized (REF9).

5. EXAMPLES OF PROJECTS

5.1. KEBAN DAM PROJECT

In 1966, the first excavation activity of Keban Dam Project was started in the Euphrates Basin by the control of SHW. In spite of the lack of legal obligation, Middle East Technical University had sent a commission composed of academicians from Restoration Department to the Keban Dam Lake Region in order to investigate the archaeological remains. The early thought of the commission was that the area had not a great significance for the historical assets. However, the results of the investigation showed the great archaeological value of the region. They had limited time and budget to rescue the remains. It was decided by the State Hydraulic Works and the General Directorate of Foundations to remove two Mosques in Old Pertek having great archaeological value and reconstruct them in the safe site of the region (REF7).

5.2. ILISU DAM PROJECT

Ilısu Dam Project – Hasankeyf is one of the most important projects in Turkey’s history. The dam is planned to be constructed in Upper Mesopotamia Region, which is accepted as the "Cradle of Civilization". The studies of Ilısu Dam Project was started in 1954 by SHW and when the dam will operate, it will be 2nd biggest dam according to the volume of water body and 4th biggest dam according to installed power capacity of Turkey.

However, there are a lot of conflicts about that project between the public opinion, governmental organizations and civil societies. Opinion of public and civil societies is not agree with the governmental organizations for implementing the dam project on that region.

In addition, European Court of Human Rights had accepted the application about the persue the implementation of the project (REF10). Hasankeyf was evaluated as the 1st Degree Site in 1978 (REF 2). According to Principle Decision as mentioned earlier, the Regional Conservation Committee would declare their decision on this 6 project and until the declaration of the decision, the activities on that area would be ended. On the other hand, there is no any kind application about the project to Diyarbakır Regional Conservation Committee of Cultural and Natural Assets which is the authorized organization on the project.

In 1991, Ministry of Culture and the Southeast Anatolian Project Regional Development Administration Chairmanship signed a protocol to give permission of the studies of excavation and rescue. However, until 1998, the studies could not be started for several reasons. In 2004, the first protocol was abolished and a new protocol was signed with addition of Council of Ministers. After that, the excavation and conservation activities were accelerated. Nevertheless, the chairman and the academic staff of the rescue excavation had to stop the activities due to lack of the budget. The construction of the dam started in 2006 and will end in 2013 as planned. In the 7-year-long period of the construction, the rescue and excavation studies will be performed in coordination to the construction of the dam and the budget of the conservation studies will be supported by the total budget of the dam project (REF11). In respect to the opinions of Ministry of Culture, the movable and unmovable cultural assets would be defined and registered, and in the period of construction of the dam, the defined assets will be carried to the safer sites in the upper part of the region and be reconstructed. On the other hand, the experts of archaeology including chairman and the academic staff of the rescue excavation of Hasankeyf declared that transfer of the assets in Hasankeyf technically impossible since the settlement has been constituted in a cave system (REF 12).

6. REFERENCES

1. “Report of TÜRSAB”, General Directorate of Cultural Assets and Museums, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, February 2004

2. “http://whc.unesco.org/en/list”

3. “Sources of Ministry of Culture and Tourism”

4. “2863 Conservation Regulation of Cultural and Natural Assets” 5. “Conservation of Historical natural Environment”, Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects, Chambers of Architectures Press, 1979, İstanbul.

6. ” New Developments and Concepts in Conservation of Urban Cultural Heritage ”, Dr. Mehmet TUNÇER, 13 April 1999, “7th Seminar of Urban 7 Conservation and Restoration and Implementation” prepared by Department of City and Regional Planning, Urban Conservation and Restoration Discipline, Faculty of Architecture, İstanbul, Mimar Sinan University

7. “Contribution of Conservation of Historical Environments”, M.TUNÇER, 1996, Ankara.

8. “Keban Project Activities”, Middle East Technical University Press,1969

9. “Principle Decision of Conservation Committee of Cultural and Natural Assets about Conservation and Use of Urban Sites ”, Meeting No: 72 4/10/2006, Decision No: 720 4/10/2006, Ankara,

10.“Principle Decision of Conservation Committee of Cultural and Natural Assets about Conservation of Immovable Cultural Assets being left under Water Body of Dam ”, Meeting No: 72 4/10/2006, Decision No: 717 4/10/2006, Ankara,

11.www.hasankeyf.itgo.com/tay.html

12.“Not Necessary to Destroy Cultural and Historical Heritage of Hasankeyf”, Assoc. Prof.Dr. Mehmet TUNÇER, 03.06.2006

13.www.dsi.gov.tr/ilisu_projesi.pdf

Annex2:

GENERAL IDEA ABOUT INDUSTRY PANEL TOPIC

In respect to the current situation and the approach on archaeology, the framework of the engineering industry panel is designed.

8 ISSUES OF PANEL

i. GENERAL IDEA ABOUT ARCHAEOLOGY

a) Knowledge about the Archaeology.

b) Knowledge about the Archaeological Sites, Cultural Assets of Turkey.

c) Necessary to improve ourselves (as being engineers) on Archaeology.

ii. GENERAL IDEA ABOUT LEGISLATION

a) Knowledge about the Legislations.

b) Is Content of Legislation Satisfactory?

c) Any Conflicts in Legislations?

d) Is Implementation of Legislations Satisfactory?

i. By Governmental and Municipal Organizations?

ii. By Engineers?

e) Any Impacts by Civil Societies on Implementation of Legislations?

f) Any Conflicts in Governmental and Municipal Organizations?

iii. WORKING WITH ARCHAEOLOGISTS

a) Opinion on Necessities for Archaeologists.

i. Necessary for Legislations?

ii. Necessary for Effectiveness?

b) Potential Function of Archaeologists in Construction projects.

c) Necessity for Archaeologists in which stage?

i. Planning Stage,

ii. Designing Stage,

iii. Construction Stage,

iv. All of Them.

d) The Roll of Archaeologists.

9 i. Operational,

ii. Advisory,

iii. Both. e) Working Problems with Archaeologists?

i. Activities

1. Time-saving or Time-consuming,

2. Cost-saving or Cost-consuming.

ii. Legislations

1. Problem Solver or Problem Creator. f) Disciplinary Problems between Engineering and Archaeology?

i. Technical Language

ii. Engineering Point of View

10 Annex 3:

VALORISATION by ERBIL (P8)

The valorisation strategy was evaluated as the process of disseminating and exploiting the results of projects with a view to optimising their value, strengthening their impact, transferring them, integrating them in a sustainable way and using them actively in systems and practices at local, regional, national and European levels. To achieve these objectives, the active involvement of potential end-users and target groups during projects developments is crucial.

 Application of the 1st strategy; giving advertisements to newspapers, periodicals and magazines, preparation of brochures and posters about the project and distribution of them [application of the 1st strategy will be performed by whole consortium].

 Application of the 2nd strategy; preparation of articles to publish in construction and archaeology newspapers and technical & scientific magazines [application of the 2nd strategy will be performed by technical partners but ERBIL will assist them upon request].

 Application of the 3rd strategy; participation of representatives of ACES partners in a number of archaeology and construction related national and trade conferences, to meet the need for the dissemination of partial results and final results of the project, distribution of written form of information about the project among all participants of these conferences and fairs: taking part in conferences with papers presenting achievements of the project [application of the 3rd strategy will again be performed by the consortium].

11  There will be a close relation between the work-packages in order to fulfil the valorisation programme of the project.

 Valorisation will be done throughout the project following the steps/ strategies as defined by the consortium,

 The results of dissemination and exploitation of the project will be reported.

 Get in touch with engineering/ consulting/ construction companies, regional authorities in Turkey and, allowing a large valorisation of ACES Project in different sectors. The organisations will be selected from the Construction organisations/ institutions and Education/ Training sectors.

 Use the professional contacts in construction industry project sector in the scope of archaeology to offer examples encompassing both the archaeology and civil- engineering fields.

 An Industry Panel will be prepared for construction sector to identify independent skills requirements between civil engineers and archaeologists in Turkey. This will review best practice for engineers in Turkey in this regard.

 The project has already been announced through ERBIL’s official website.

 Project’s website will be in English, but the partners’ pages will be both in English and in their own languages. After getting any results during the project, the content of the web-page will be updated in native language.

 Translation of all products into native language will be performed.

 In order to introduce the products and the project ACES itself; the advertisements will be given to newspapers (especially to technical newspapers), periodicals & magazines in each country. Leaflets & brochures will be prepared & distributed among the users of the project. Articles & news will be published in construction and archaeological newspapers and magazines. Information will be written directed to target groups, final & potential users.

 Participation will be done in a number of construction and archaeology related (inter)national conferences to meet the need for the dissemination of partial results and final results of the project. ERBIL will take place in conferences with papers presenting achievements of the project.

12  The academic contacts will be supplied with relevant universities and organisations (like trade chambers) in Turkey.

Annex 4:

The general idea about the project was presented in the following meetings;

“Congress of Technical Consulters”, organised by Association of Turkish Consulting Engineers and Architects, 3rd - 4th april 2008, Swiss Hotel, Ankara, TURKEY

13 The Meeting in Ankara Water and Sewage Disposal (ASKİ), 16th February 2008, Ankara Metropolitan Municipality, Ankara, TURKEY