Retinal Case Studies

Course Description

In this course, a number of common and unusual retinal diseases will be presented and discussed, including pertinent examination findings that will aid in the diagnosis of these conditions. When one goes to an art museum, with some experience, a Picasso can be distinguished from a Cezanne or a Renoir. In this course, multiple cases of various retinal diseases will be presented in a rapid fire (or perhaps, “slow” fire”) format, with the intent they can be described and identified. This lecture is not about the disease per se, but rather, it is the pattern recognition of the diseases that will be shown. We may not always be able to identify and name the retinal condition that we see, but we should always be able to describe the findings that we see on examination. Multiple examples of each condition will be reviewed.

Course Objective

The objective of this course is to acquaint the attendees with the clinical appearance of various retinal diseases in order to improve their diagnostic skills.

Course Category: Principles of Diagnosis

Age-Related Macular Degeneration - Degenerative Findings . Drusen . Pigmentary Changes . Atrophy - Neovascular . Hemorrhage . Exudate . Subretinal Fluid . Disciform Scar

Myopic Degeneration - Lacquer Cracks - Fuchs’ spot - Choroidal neovascularization

Retinal Vein Occlusion - Retinal Hemorrhages - Cotton-Wool Spots - Exudates - Collateral Vessels - Macular Edema - Neovascularization Retinal Artery Occlusion - Hollenhorst Plaque (Retinal Emboli) - Cherry Red Spot

Diabetic Retinopathy - Non Proliferative . Retinal Hemorrhages . Hard Exudates . Cotton Wool Spots . Venous Beading . IRMA . Capillary Non Perfusion - Proliferative . Retinal and Disc Neovascularization . Vitreous Hemorrhage . Traction Retinal Detachment

Macroaneurysm - Retinal Hemorhages - Hard Exudates - Macular Edema

Epiretinal Membrane - Clinical and OCT findings

Ocular Histoplasmosis - Classic Triad: o Peripapillary Atrophy o Choroidal Neovascular Membrane o Histo Spots

Macular Dystrophies - Adult Vitelliform - Stargardt’s

Macular Hole - Pseudohole - Lamellar Hole - Full Thickness Hole

Choroidal Mass - Melanoma - Metastatic Disease - Eccentric Disciform / Peripheral AMD Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - Clinical Presentation - Fundus Exam - OCT findings

Retinal Telangiectasis - Fundus Findings - OCT - Fluorescein Angiography

Acute Retinal Necrosis - Clinical Presentation - Fundus Findings

Toxoplasmosis - Clinical Presentation - Fundus Findings

Fungal Endophthalmitis - Clinical Presentation - Fundus Findings