8th Grade Third Six Weeks Vocabulary

TERM DEFINITION 8.6A Force A push or pull that can change the motion of an object Forces on an object that do not change the motion of the object; net force equals Balanced Forces zero Unbalanced Forces Forces on an object that cause change in the motion of the object Net Force The sum of all the forces acting on an object At Rest The state of an object when it is not in motion Speed The measurement of the rate of change of position with respect to time Direction The path that an object is moving or facing Motion A change in an object’s position, direction, or location A force between two surfaces rubbing against each other; friction works against Friction motion 6.8D Line Graph A graph in which the data are represented by points connected by one or more lines Distance - Time Graph A graph that represents distance traveled in increments of time X-Axis The horizontal line with labels on a coordinate grid Y-axis The vertical line with labels on a coordinate grid Meter The basic SI unit of length Second The basic SI unit of time 6.8C Position The point or area occupied by a physical object Direction The path that an object is moving or facing Speed The measurement of the rate of change of position with respect to time; S=d/t Motion A change in an object’s position, direction, or location Average Speed Average distance covered by an object per unit of time 6.8A Potential Energy Energy that is stored in a system Kinetic Energy Energy of motion Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it changes from one form to another Energy Transformation The change of energy from one form to another 6.9C Chemical Energy Energy that is released during a chemical reaction or change Electrical Energy Energy in the form of electricity Light Energy Energy in the form of electromagnetic waves Mechanical Energy Energy that an object such as a machine ha because of its movement or position Thermal Energy The energy or heat, which transfers from hotter objects to colder objects Radiant Energy Type of energy from the Sun; light Nuclear Energy Energy that is released when the nuclei or atoms are split or combined Law of Conservation of A principle in physics which states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed Energy 7.7A Work The use of force to move an object through a distance, W=Fd Distance Measurement from one place to another Force A push or pull, measured in Newton’s 8.6C An object at rest stays at rest or an object in motion stays in motion until Newton’s Laws of Inertia unbalanced forces act upon it The tendency of a physical object to remain still or continue moving, unless force is Inertia applied Unbalanced forces Forces on an object that cause change in the motion of the object Newton’s Law of Acceleration of an object depends on the object’s mass and magnitude of the force Acceleration acting upon it; F=ma Force A push or pull that acts on an object

Page 1 of 2 8th Grade Third Six Weeks Vocabulary

TERM DEFINITION Measures how an object changes velocity-moving faster, slower, or continues to Acceleration move at the same rate Mass The amount of matter an object contains, measured in grams Magnitude A number that tells how much of something there is; quality of being big Newton’s Law of Newton’s law that states that for every action there is an equal and opposite Reaction-Action reaction Action Movement caused by force Reaction Resistance or opposition to a force, influence or movement 8.6B Motion A change in an object’s position, direction, or location Speed A measurement of the rate of change of position with respect to time Velocity Measurement of speed and direction or an object Direction The path that an object is moving or facing Distance Measurement from one place to another Rate A quantity, amount, or degree of something measured per unit of something else Acceleration Change of an object’s speed or direction 8.9B The boundary between two tectonic plates moving away from each other; on land Divergent Boundary creates rift valleys, on the sea floor creates new ocean crust and mid-ocean ridges Convergent Boundary The boundary between two tectonic plates moving toward each other resulting in with Subduction volcanic activity when a denser ocean plate subducts below continental plate A plate is forced below when one plate is denser than another as they converge; Subduction occurs at continental to oceanic boundaries and oceanic to oceanic boundaries Convergent Boundary A major geological event; occurs when continental plates of equal density converge with Mountain Building The boundary between two plates that slide past one another, sudden shifts result Transform Boundary in earthquakes and the release of stored energy 6.6B The amount of matter in a given space or volume; a relationship between mass and Density volume; D=mass/volume Mass Amount of matter a body contains; anything that has mass and volume Volume Amount of space a body contains Milliliter A metric unit of measurement used to measure small volumes of liquid Cubic centimeter (cm3) A metric unit of measurement used to measure small volumes of solids Gram A metric unit of measurement used to measure small amounts of mass Displacement A way to measure the volume of a solid by placing it in a known amount of liquid Water as a standard 1g of water has a volume of 1ml or 1cm3 The comparison of the density of one material as it relates to another; frequently the Relative Density comparison is to the density of water (as in sinking or floating) 8.9A Theory that the lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that slowly move on top of Plate Tectonic Theory the asthenosphere Cool, rigid, outermost layer of Earth that is divided into enormous pieces called Lithosphere tectonic plates; consists of the curst and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle Alfred Wegener’s theory that the continents were once all connected in one large Continental Drift landmass named Pangaea Impressions of organisms left in rock layers that indicate the organisms once lived Fossil Evidence in the area Sea Floor Spreading A parallel pattern of rock material found at identical locations on each side of the Evidence Mid-Atlantic Ridge reveals rock of the same geologic age and polarity

Page 2 of 2