Biology Cp Final Exam Review (2010 2011)

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BIOLOGY CP FINAL EXAM REVIEW (2010 – 2011)

Know the meaning of the following terms and concepts.

Cell Division (Chapter 10 & Chapter 11.4 (meiosis))

1. When do cells divide? 2. Asexual reproduction 3. Sexual reproduction 4. The phases of the cell cycle in eukaryotes (know what occurs in each phase) a. INTERPHASE 1) G1 11 2) S 3) G2 b. MITOSIS (M phase) 1) prophase 2) metaphase 3) anaphase 4) telophase c. CYTOKINESIS 5. What cells don’t divide 6. When does DNA Replication occur? 7. Chromatin 8. Sister Chromatids 9. Centromere 10. Chromosomes 11. Compare the differences of mitosis in plants and animals 12. What is Meiosis? Why is Meiosis important? 13. Haploid 14. Diploid 15. Homologous pair 16. Know all the phases of Meiosis and the events that occur in each a. Prophase I b. Metaphase I c. Anaphase I d. Telophase I e. Prophase II f. Metaphase II g. Anaphase II h. Telophase II (Haploid Cells) 17. Egg & Sperm – haploid or diploid? 18. Variation – Mitosis or Meiosis?

Fundamentals of Genetics (Chapter 11 & 14) 1. What is the study of Genetics? 2. Trait 3. Purebred/True breeding 4. Hybrid 5. Mendel’s work (with peas) a) Law of Segregation b) Law of Independent Assortment 6. Alleles 7. Dominant allele 8. Recessive allele 9. genotype 7. phenotype 8. genes 9. Chromosome Theory of Heredity 10. homozygous 11. heterozygous 12. probability 13. Punnett Square 14. Know how to determine the genotypes and phenotypes for a monohybrid and dihybrid cross 15. Why use a Test Cross? 16. Know how to read a Pedigree 17. What’s a carrier? What are genetic disorders? 18. Know how to determine the genotypes and phenotypes for: a. incomplete dominance b. codominance c. multiple alleles 19. Polygenic traits 20. Sex-linked traits

DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis & DNA Technology (Chapter 12, 13, 15)

1. Differences between DNA & RNA a. b. c. 2. Protein Synthesis – 3. Transcription – a. enzymes involved in transcription? 4. Translation – 5. Codon 6. Anticodon – 7. mutation – 8. Chromosome mutation – a. deletion – b. duplication – c. translocation – d. inversion – 9. Gene mutation – a. frameshift mutation – b. point mutation – 10. cancer – uncontrolled cell division

11. causes of cancer - a. mutagen b. carcinogen 12. selective breeding – 13. inbreeding - 14. genetic engineering – 15. restriction enzymes – 16. recombinant DNA – 17. vector – 18. Plasmids - 19. Gel Electrophoresis – 20. DNA fingerprint – 21. Transgenic organisms – 22. What are some products produced by genetic engineering? 23. Gene therapy – 24. What medical advances have resulted from genetic engineering? 25. DNA & crime a. Safety and Ethics in Biotechnology 1. Biotechnology – 2. Human Genome Project – 26. How is DNA replicated? 27. What enzymes are involved in DNA replication?

Evolution Unit (Chapter 16, 17)

1. species – 2. variation – 3. adaptation – 4. fossils – 5. Darwin and His Theory 6. Evolution – 7. Lamarck vrs Darwin 8. HMS Beagle & The Galapagos Islands 9. Four main points of Darwin’s theory of Natural selection are? 10. Gradualism - 11. Tracking changes (evidence of evolution) 12. homologous structures - 13. vestigial structures - 14. analogous structures - 15. similar embryonic development 16. similar biochemistry (e.g. DNA, cytochrome c) 17. speciation – 18. convergent evolution – 19. divergent evolution 20. Coevolution – 21. Adaptive radiation – 22. Hardy-Weinberg principle - 23. Gene pool - 24. Allele frequencies - 25. Genetic equilibrium - 26. Genetic drift –

Earth’s Early History (Chapter 19)

1. Gases in the early atmosphere are? 2. Miller & Urey Apparatus – what did they produce? 3. Protocells – 4. Microspheres – 5. half-life – 6. What were the first cells found in the fossil record?

Classification (Chapter 18)

1. Taxonomy – 2. systematics- 3. 7 Levels of classification a. Kingdom b. Phylum c. Class d. Order e. Family f. Genus g. Species 4. What are the Six Kingdoms? a. Archaebacteria- b. Eubacteria- c. Protista – d. Fungi – e. Plantae – f. Animalia – 5. Know each groups characteristics and examples from each Kingdom 6. Binomial nomenclature – 7. Know how to write a scientific name (Genus/Species) 8. Phylogenetic tree/cladogram – 9. Know how to use a Dichotomous Key (Biological Key)

Viruses and Monerans (Chapter 20)

1. Characteristics of Viruses 2. What is a virus? 3. Capsid – 4. Envelope – 5. Genetic Material – RNA or DNA 6. Host – 7. Lytic cycle – 8. Lysogenic cycle – 9. Prophage – 10. Know the parts of a bacteriophage 11. Characteristics of Monerans(bacteria) 12. Know the parts of a typical moneran (pg. 337) 13. Plasmids – 14. Endospores – 15. Reproduction a. Binary Fission – b. Conjugation – 16. Archaebacteria – 17. Eubacteria – 18. Cell Shape b.Cocci - c. Bacilli - d. Spirilla – 19. Cell wall composition 20. Cyanobacteria (Blue green bacteria) – 21. Heterotrophs – 22. Chemoautotrophs – 23. Aerobes – 24. Anaerobes – 25. Decomposers – 26. Symbiosis – 27. Diseases caused by bacteria are? 28. How can we control bacterial growth?

Protists and Fungi (Chapter 21)

Protists

1. Characteristics of Protists 2. compare prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells 3. Three groups the Kingdom Protista is divided into are? 4. Animal-like Protists - Protozoans a. Protozoan – b. Amoeba , Pseudopods – c. Paramecium, Cilia – 5. Plant-like Protists – Algae a. Algae – b. Euglena - Flagella 6. Fungus-like Protists – Slime molds & Water molds 7. What are some diseases caused by protists? 8. Why do we need protists?

1. Characteristics of Fungi a. Heterotrophs, Eukaryotes 2. Most have cell walls made of? 3. Unicellular – Yeast 4. Hyphae – 5. Know how fungi grow 6.Spores –