Study Guide for Biology Test: Chapter 6,7 & 8

Study Guide for Biology test: Chapter 4,5 & 6

This test will consist of several sections. Some will be matching, some true or false, some multiple choice and some parts you will have to write a short answer. There will also be diagrams to label.

Chapter 4: The Chemical Basis of Life:

You should be able to:  Define the following terms—atom, compound, molecule.  Compare ionic and covalent bonds.  List the unusual properties of water.  Explain the specific characteristic of water that leads to its unusual properties.

Chapter 6: The Molecules of Life  List the importance (to living things) of each of the following: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.  The role (job) of enzymes in living organisms.

Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell

You should be able to:  Define the following terms—homeostasis, organelle, cell, selective permeability (*hint: use your vocab sheet!)  Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including examples.  Describe the two main types of microscopes (light and electron) and what each is used for.  Describe the accomplishments of Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek.  List the three ideas of the modern cell theory.  Explain the importance of the plasma membrane  Explain why the plasma membrane has been called a “fluid mosaic”  Be able to label the following in a cell diagram: cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondria  Describe the purpose and function of each of these organelles: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, chloroplast, vacuole

Section 6.3: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules.

You should be able to:  Define the following: osmosis, concentration gradient, isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic, passive transport, and active transport.  Describe what “powers” simple diffusion (*be careful, this is different than osmosis).  Describe the effects of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions on living cells.  Complete a drawing that shows the movement of particles or water for simple diffusion and osmosis.  Compare endocytosis and exocytosis; explain why cells need these processes.