Chapter Two: the Classification of Agricultural Animals

Chapter Two: The Classification of Agricultural Animals Outline of Course Material

I.Scientific classification, also known as binomial nomenclature

A. Developed by Carolus Linnaeus

B. Groups organisms according to similar characteristics

C. Two Latin names used to identify each individual organism

1. Genus

2. Species

What are some examples?

What are some rules?

D. Allows exact identification anywhere in the world

E. Explanation of the system and examples

http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/six_kingdoms/index.htm

1. Kingdoms

(a) Animalia: includes multicelled animals

(b) Plantae: includes multicellular plants that produce chlorophyll and undergo photosynthesis

(c) Archaebacteria: In 1983, scientists tool samples from a spot deep in the Pacific Ocean where hot gases and molten rock boiled into the ocean form the Earth’s interior. To their surprise they discovered unicellular (one cell) organisms in the samples. These organisms are today classified in the kingdom, Archaebacteria. Archaebacteria are found in extreme environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents under conditions with no oxygen or highly acid environments.

(d) Eubacteria: Like archaebacteria, eubacteria are complex and single celled. Most bacteria are in the EUBACTERIA kingdom. They are the kinds found everywhere and are the ones people are most familiar with.

1 | P a g e (e) Protista: includes paramecia and amoebae

(f) Fungi: includes mushrooms and other fungi

2. Phyla

(a) Divisions of kingdoms

(b) Animalia kingdom divided into 27 phyla

(c) Phyla sometimes divided into subphyla

(d) Most agricultural animal belong to phylum Chordata (stringy rodlike structure called notochord is present in embryo)

(e) Subphyla of phylum Chordata include subphylum Vertebrata (animals having backbones)

3. Classes

(a) Divisions of phyla and subphyla

(b) Examples of classes in subphylum Vertebrata include Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia

4. Orders

(a) Divisions of classes

(b) Class Mammalia contains 18 orders, including Primates

(c) Suborders of order Artiodactyla include Suiformes, Tylopoda, and Ruminatia

(d) Horses belong to the order Perissodactyla

5. Families

(a) Divisions of orders

(b) Suborder Ruminantia divided into five families, including Cervidae, Antilopinae, Tragulidae, Giraffidae, and Bovidae

(c) Sheep and goats belong to subfamily Caprinus 6. Genus and species

(a) Genera: divisions of families

(b) Species: divisions of genera

II. Classification by breeds

A. Divisions within species according to color patterns, size, horned or polled, and country of origin

B. Breed defined as animals with a common ancestry and common characteristics that breed true (offspring will almost always look like parents)

C. Purebred animals (ancestors are of only one breed)

D. Blood typing used in breed identification

E. Breeds developed from combining animals of different breeds, sometimes different species

III. Classification according to use

A. Meat animals, including pigs, some sheep, some chickens

B. Work animals, including donkeys, camels, oxen, horses, water buffaloes, and some dogs

C. Dual-purpose animals, including sheep, cows, and camels

Assignment One:

Choose a breed of animal to research that you would like to learn more about. Answer the following questions about your chosen breed:

1. Name:

2. General Description:

3. Purpose:

4. Country of Origin:

5. Date of Origin:

6. Breed Association Name:

3 | P a g e 7. Interesting Facts:

Assignment two will be to learn the basic terms for different animals.