Homework: 4Th 5Th Grade

HOMEWORK: 4TH – 5TH GRADE

1. READ the attached pages on Roman numerals. 2. COMPLETE the Roman numerals worksheet. 3. READ Galen – read as much as you have time to read.

APRIL 13, 2005 NAME ______ROMAN NUMERALS WORKSHEET

Fill in the blanks with the correct Roman Numeral.

13 ______4 ______18 ______

5 ______9 ______11 ______

14 ______16 ______20 ______

2 ______19 ______12 ______

Fill in the blanks:

XX ______VII ______IX______

XIV ______XII ______XIX______

XVI ______XI ______XIV ______

III ______IV ______V ______

Add: Write the Roman Numeral first, then the number.

X + VI = ______= ______

V + V = ______= ______

IX +IX = ______= ______

APRIL 13, 2005 IV + II = ______= ______

APRIL 13, 2005 ROMAN NUMERALS

Roman Numerals Chart Units Tens Hundreds Thou. I X C M II XX CC MM III XXX CCC MMM IV XL CD MMMM V L D etc. VI LX DC VII LXX DCC

VIII LXXX DCCC IX XC CM

Basics  How do I read and write Roman numerals?

A numeral is a symbol used to represent a number. (Our digits 0-9 are often called Arabic numerals.) Each letter used in Roman numerals stands for a different number:

Roman Numeral Number I 1 V 5 X 10 L 50 C 100 D 500 M 1000

A string of letters means that their values should be added together. For example, XXX = 10 + 10 + 10 = 30, and LXI = 50 + 10 + 1 = 61. If a

APRIL 13, 2005 smaller value is placed before a larger one, we subtract instead of adding. For instance, IV = 5 - 1 = 4.

You can use these rules to write a number in Roman numerals. Convert one digit at a time. Let's try 982:

982 = 900 + 80 + 2 = CM + LXXX + II = CMLXXXII.

 What are the rules for subtracting letters? Can I write MIM for 1999? What about IIII for 4?

Here are the official rules for subtracting letters:

Subtract only powers of ten, such as I, X, or C. Writing VL for 45 is not allowed: write XLV instead. Subtract only a single letter from a single numeral. Write VIII for 8, not IIX; 19 is XIX, not IXX. Don't subtract a letter from another letter more than ten times greater. This means that you can only subtract I from V or X, and X from L or C, so MIM is illegal. These rules only became official in the Middle Ages. Even today, not everybody follows them: you might notice that some clocks say IIII instead of IV.

 How do I write large numbers?

The biggest Roman numeral is M, for 1000, so one easy way to write large numbers is to line up the Ms: MMMMMMM would be 7000, for instance. This system gets cumbersome quickly. When they needed to work with many large numbers, the Romans often wrote a bar above a numeral. The bar meant to multiply by 1000. Using this method, 7000 would be .

APRIL 13, 2005 Web Resources:

Roman Numerals 101, Oliver Lawrence All about Roman Numerals. Includes flash card exercises. Roman Numerals and Dates, Paul Lewis An introduction to Roman numerals, how to write a Latin date, and conversion tables. Roman Numeral Date Conversion Guide, Christopher Handy Introduction to Roman numerals, their history, large numbers, and a Java applet that converts a number from Roman to Arabic numerals. Roman Numerals, Bess Kuzma This lesson plan includes an outline of the rules for Roman numerals and the origin of the different symbols. Roman Numeral, Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics Know Your Roman Numerals, Legion XXIV A chart of numbers with their names in Latin and the equivalent Roman numerals. Calculators and Converters

Compvter Romanvs, Edward Hobbs "The official calcvlator of the Roman Empire." Roman Numeral and Date Conversion, Steven Gibbs Java applets: convert between Arabic and Roman numerals, convert a date, try the Roman numerals calculator, or quiz yourself on Roman numerals. Lee's Roman Numeral Converter, Lee K. Seitz Aritm, Mikael Bonnier A math facts drill: you can choose questions written in Roman numerals.

APRIL 13, 2005