Mission to Mars TA Outline

Introduction 1. Welcome students to the planetarium and review no food/drink rules. 2. Give a 30 second introduction to the lab and the show they are about to see. 3. Start the Mars Show.

Part I Societal Aspects 1. Read the first two questions with the students.  Inform them that NASA currently spends about $200 million a year on Mars missions. A manned trip to Mars is expected to cost about $200 billion. Should we increase spending? Decrease? To what amount? Instruct them to justify their answer in the space provided and that they will be graded poorly if they answer in just a few lines.  For the second question remind students of the huge problems and delays in the International Space Station due to Russia lack of funding. Ask, “Should we go fast and cheap by ourselves or promote world peace and go with others despite the cost and delays?” 2. Give them about 10 minutes to respond to the two questions. 3. Lead a class discussion as to the pros and cons of each question. Try to talk as little as possible and facilitate discussion among the students. If one side of the argument is not doing well or has little support in the class then play devil’s advocate. The following are some points for both sides to help play devil’s advocate. Pro:  What if we discover that there was life Con:  It’s just a dead rock! Why go to on Mars in the past and how it became extinct another dead rock! Save the money. there. This could help prevent a repeat here.  Going to Mars is nothing but a  We could learn a lot about the weather huge ego trip for the enlightened. It does here on Earth by studying weather there. not benefit the average person on the street  We might find present life forms on and is a waste of money. Mars below the surface in water deposits.  Think of all the poor and sick  We might find new minerals or useful people here. Couldn’t that $200 billion be materials that could improve our lives here. spent a little better?  The money spent going will produce  We have already messed up this many new ‘space age’ products from the planet environmentally, why mess up Mars research dollars. Things we can’t even dream of when we can’t even learn to fix our own yet.  Government is very good at  There is no race against the accomplishing science/military goals with its Russians, no reason to go. money. They can build a better bomb, go to the  If there should be a mission at all, moon, get cool pictures with HST. Government let robots go. They are cheaper and don’t spends most of its money on social programs like need all the special things people do. Spend Social Security and Welfare that don’t work. money wisely. People don’t have to go. Let government go to Mars because they can do  We could never live on Mars, it is it well. Better then wasting more money on too cold and has bad air. So there is no other programs that are better left to social point in going for the LIFE reason. We can groups that receive government funding. not reach out and live there, so just don’t go.  WE ARE ALIVE! Live spreads out  Lets go, but not this century. and tries to survive because it is alive. We must Focus on problems here. We can always go do the same and reach out to Mars. later, just not spend any more money now. Part II Orbital and Escape Velocity. Pretty simple stuff. Dim the lights and show them the Solar System in Digistar (Digi L1,B1) Point out that the planets orbit the sun. Orbit is natural motion of an object in space. The closer a planet is to the sun, the faster it orbits. Don’t stop and reset digi, just turn off the beam and up the lights Let them read directions and answer the five questions. Give help as needed. The focus here is what it takes to get off the Earth. Answer is orbiting!

Part III Earth to Mars trajectory Dim the lights and show the Solar System and ask how do we get to Mars? Open the lens cover and turn on the beam. Can we take a straight path? Just aim for in and go? What kind of orbit shall we take? What will the shape of the orbit be? Answer: Ellipse. We want to use as little energy as possible, so we make the perihelion of our orbit at Earth and the apahelion of our orbit at Mars. Show both launch window routines. (Digi L1, B2-B3) Talk about the routines as you go. Stop and reset and bring up the lights. Let them read the instruction for part 3 and draw on the diagram. Help as needed. Main point here is that you travel in a Keplarian orbit using as little energy as possible.

Part IV Arrival at Mars Dim the lights and bring up the MGS slides in Netscape on the Dome. To access these look in bookmarks, then the Mars Lab folder. Focus on the slides that discuss aerobraking. The main point is that aerobraking first changes the orbit from being around the sun to being around Mars. Then aerobraking lowers the orbit of the craft by slowing it so that is has less energy of motion, or kenetic energy. Bring up the lights and dim the projector. Let them fill out 4a through 4c. Help them as necessary, especially on the math.

Part V Exploring Mars Discuss briefly what kinds of things they need to take into account in order to survive and work once they arrive on Mars. Bring up the Pathfinder slides of being on Mars. It looks like you could just walk out onto the surface. It looks like west Texas! Could you? If not what things would you have to account for? Let them fill out part V and then they may leave.