1) the Seedling Stars 1957 James Blish *

TERRAFORMING

Requirements Earth Mars Solutions Water 1/10 Earth -increase temp. to melt ice (by CFC’s) -comet & meteorite impacts -spread carbon on icecaps to absorb Sun Atmosphere -Oxygen 21 % .15 % Plants (after temp. has been increased) -Pressure 1013 mb 7 mb -thicken atmosphere through addition of CFC’s (to increase temp.) & the CO2 added once temp. is increased -oxygen from plants after increased temp. -impacts to create dust in atmosphere -impact of meteorite to create crater deep enough for a suitable pressure -Radiation 100 X Earth -thicker atmosphere (pressure) (protection) -release ozone after temp. has warmed Light 839 cal/cm2/day 371 cal/cm2/sol o o Temperature (ave.) 51 F -67 F -Greenhouse Effect (through CFC’s & CO2) -spread carbon on icecaps to absorb Sun Food Plants Gravity 9.75 m/sec2 3.71 m/sec2 Fuel Fossil, solar, Wind (solar would not be efficient (light)) nuclear, . . . Protection from Plants to stabilize soil & act as windbreaks wind/dust Stable axis 22o – 25o 0o – 90o

In 1957, James Blish wrote a series of stories, The Seedling Stars, about inhabiting other worlds. To inhabit these “other worlds” there would be three options. Either we would have to change the planet to make it habitable (he created the word “terraforming”), we would have to change to suit the new environment (“pantropy”), or there would have to be a combination of these two things. Blish, along with other writers and scientists, believed that genetically engineering the colonists (pantropy) would be the easiest option.

Books about inhabiting Mars: 1) The Seedling Stars 1957 James Blish 3) A Double Sladon 1978 Frederick * Turner 2) The Lunar Professor & His 4) Genesis: An Epic Poem 1988 Remarkable Revelations Concerning the Frederick Turner Earth, the Moon, and Mars; . . . 1909 James 5) Mars Plus 1976 Frederick Pohl * B. Alexander 6) The Martian Chronicles Ray Bradbury

Goetsch 05/09/18 0ee2aeb54e2a50afd816a08e3529ab09.doc 7) Empire Builders 1993 Ben Bova 8) Mars 1992 Ben Bova 9) Desolation Road 1988 Ian MacDonald 10) Mars Series (Red, Green, Blue) 1992- Kim Staley Robinson

Goetsch 05/09/18 0ee2aeb54e2a50afd816a08e3529ab09.doc