Review Packet Spanish III

Review Packet – Spanish III Spring Final

Tenses you need to know: present indicative como I eat present progressive estoy comiendo I am eating

preterit comí I ate imperfect comía I used to eat

present perfect he comido I have eaten past perfect / pluperfect había comido I had eaten future perfect habré comido I will have eaten conditional perfect habría comido I would have eaten

simple future voy a comer I will go to eat formal future comeré I will eat

conditional comería I would eat

present subjunctive coma She recommend s that I eat present perfect subjunctive haya comido She hop es that I have eaten imperfect subjunctive comiera She want ed me to eat (past tense)

****You are responsible for regular and irregular verbs in all tenses listed above. It is your responsibility to review and/or seek help if necessary. You may want to refer to the fall review packet.

Vocabulary: chapters 4-7

Review Por y para

Use por to indicate:  Length of time or distance  Place where an action takes place (movement through or along a place)  An exchange  Reason or motive (because of)  Substitution or action on someone’s behalf  Means of communication / transportation  In certain expressions por ejemplo por lo general por la mañana (tarde, noche) por primera (segunda, tercera) vez por favor por supuesto por eso por ciento (%)

Use para to indicate:  Purpose (in order to)  Destination  A point in time, deadline  Use, purpose  Opinión (para mí…)

Práctica: Fill in the blank with either por or para. a. Busca un regalo ______tu mama. b. Ven a mi casa ______la mañana. c. ¡No te cases ______dinero! d. Necesito comprar los boletos ______el partido de fútbol. e. ¡Quedémonos en México ______dos semanas! . Termine este proyecto ______la semana próxima.

“ para que” vs. “para” Para : ______Para que: ______Práctica: a. Yo sé que debo estudiar mucho ______sacar mejores notas. b. Ellos deben quedarse en casa ______(ellos) saquen mejores notas.

Personal a When the direct object of a sentence is a specific ______(NOT a pronoun), you must place a personal “a” in front of it. Ejemplo: ¿Conoces a Marta? Sí, la conozco. ***Do not use a personal a after the verbs tener or haber (hay, había, etc.) Ejemplo: Tengo una hermana. Hay una clase hoy. ***The personal “a” is omitted before a noun referring to a person whose existence is uncertain. (It is, however, always used before alguien and nadie.) Ejemplo: Ud. Conoce a un abogado que habla inglés. (definite person who exists) ¿Conoce una abogada que hable japonés? (no personal “a” - it is indefinite) No conozco a nadie que hable chino. (always use w/ nadie or alguien) Práctica: Fill in the blank with “a” or “—“, as appropriate. a. No conozco ______nadie. b. Tengo ______un novio muy romántico. c. Buscamos ______una secretaria que sepa hablar tres idiomas. d. Quiero mucho ______mis padres. e. Había ______chicas en la clase. f. He conocido ______un chico muy guapo.

Nosotros commands ***Remember: Most commands in Spanish are forms of the PRESENT ______with ONE (!) exception! That exception is the ______command.

Tú command Ud. command Uds. Nosotros command command ir + - salir + - tener + - venir + - poner + - hacerlos + - ser + - decir + - verla + - saberlo + - tocar + - empezar + - jugar + -

Simple Future and Formal Future Tense

1. What are the 3 ways one can refer to future events in Spanish?

2. Endings for all verbs in Formal Future: (same for -ar, -er, and -ir)

3. Irregular stems for the Formal future Hacer Tener Valer Saber 4. The formal future can be used to indicate what (in the present)?______)

Práctica: a. It must be / probably is 2:00. b. We will go to Madrid some day. c. I am going to Ohio tomorrow. d. Your shoes are probably under the bed.

Reflexive verbs used as reciprocals Reciprocals translate to English as “______” Práctica: a. They talk to each other. b. We used to read to each other. c. They made up yesterday.

d. We fought last week.

e. They will not be speaking to each other next week.

f. They have stopped talking to each other.

Affirmative and negative words something nothing someone nobody

some (mas.) none (mas.) (fem.) none (fem.) again never more / never again always never also neither or nor either … or neither…nor still not yet

Práctica: Complete the dialogue with the correct affirmative or negative word.

a. Hola, Cecilia. ¿Estás haciendo ______? (something)

b. No, ______(never) hago ______. (anything)

c. Bueno, ¿has visto ______pasar por aquí? (someone)

d. No, _____ he visto ______. (anyone)

e. No ha pasado ______persona por aquí esta mañana.

The conditional tense

Conditional translation to English ______Conditional stem: Conditional endings: Práctica: a. I would like to go to the movies tonight. b. The class would do well on the test. c. Who would go to that concert?

Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns

Adjectives Pronouns (Close to you)

(Closer to the other person)

(Far from both of you)

Práctica: a. Those books are new, but these are old. b. That girl (way over there) is Celia. This one (here) is my sister, Dorela. c. Whose papers are these?

What are these prepositions: to toward with for of, from for before without in, on Following a preposition, which form of the verb must be used? ______Práctica: a. Come with the group. b. Come with me to the lake. c. Don’t come to class without your homework. d. He walked toward the church. e. Before reading the chapter, he talked on the phone. f. Before he went to the store, he passed by the pharmacy. Present Subjunctive 1. How do you form the present subjunctive for regular verbs?

2. Conjugate these irregular verbs in the present subjunctive.

saber –

ser –

ir –

estar –

dar – haber – 3. Verbs with stem changes in the subjunctive 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 6. Other verbs which have these changes:

4. To use the subjunctive, you must have _____ clauses connected by the word _____ and a change in ______. If there is no subject change, the ______is usually used.

Subjunctive with verbs that end in –car, -gar, -zar

What happens to these types of verbs in the subjunctive? pagar tocar almorzar Práctica: a. Espero que tú (jugar) ______bien hoy. b. Ojalá que ellas (pagar) ______la cuenta antes de salir. c. Es importante que nosotros (almorzar) ______temprano. d. Hace falta que el entrenador (jugar) ______con el equipo.

The subjunctive with expressions of feeling

Práctica: Combine to make a complete sentence.

a. Ojalá / Anita / traer helado

b. Esperamos / llegar temprano

c. Yo / esperar / nosotros / poder ir con ella

d. Mamá / querer / yo / ser médico

e. Ojalá / tú / ir a la playa

f. Mamá / esperar / asistir a un concierto

Present perfect subjunctive

Translate the following sentences using the present perfect indicative or present perfect subjunctive. Práctica: a. The commentator has received my letter. b. I’m happy that the reporter has filmed the report. c. They have not arrived yet. d. I’m frustrated that they have not eaten. e. I hope that we have finished the job.

The subjunctive with the unknown or nonexistent

Práctica: Conjugate the verb in the present indicative or the present subjunctive. a. ¿No hay nadie que ______(poder) guardar secretos? b. Busco un novio que ______(ser) fiel. c. Tengo una amiga que siempre me ______(apoyar). d. Conozco a alguien que me ______(dar) tiempo para pensar. Expressions of doubt and disbelief

Expressions of doubt and disbelief must be followed by which mood? ______

it’s not true to doubt it’s not obvious to negate it is not certain to not believe Práctica: a. No creo que nosotros (ir) ______más tarde. b. No es verdad que yo (decir) ______una mentira. c. Ella duda que su novio (hablar) ______portugués. d. Es dudoso que tú (pedir) ______demasiadas preguntas. e. No creen que (haber) ______una prueba mañana.

The subjunctive after impersonal expressions

Expressions of certainty with the indicative Impersonal expressions usually begin with a form of what verb? ______it is certain to know that it is true to think that it is obvious to believe that it is evident List an impersonal expression which does not use “es” ______Práctica: Conjugate the verb in the present indicative or the present subjunctive. a. Quizás ellos ______(venir) con Anita. b. Posiblemente tú ______(poder) grabar el programa. c. No es dudoso que Anita ______(ser) inteligente. d. No es cierto que yo no ______(hacer) mi tarea. e. Niego que ella ______(tomar) mucha agua. f. No niego que me ______(gustar) tomar refrescos.

Práctica: a. As soon as they arrive, we will eat b. Before the class starts I need my book. c. Until he starts to study he will no do well. d. Unless there are 15 people, there will be no class.

The imperfect or past subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive is used ______The stem for this tense is ______The endings are ______Práctica: a. Ella quería que yo (hacer) ______la tarea. b. La profesora les dijo a los alumnos que la (entregar) ______. c. No creíamos que el astrónomo (ver) ______algo. d. No era importante que el grupo (venir) ______anoche.

Contrary to fact statements

Imperfect subjunctive stem: Imperfect subjunctive “ra” endings: Irregulars: (10 – list them)

Práctica: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the conditional and/or imperfect subjunctive:

a. Si (tú)______(tener) mil dólares, ¿qué ______(hacer)?

b. Yo ______(abrir) un almacén de ropa cubana si me ______(gustar) ropa.

c. ¿Qué ______(hacer) tú con el resto del dinero?

d. Lo ______(dar) a mis hijas para su educación si (ellos) lo ______(querer).

e. ¿Qué ______(decir) tú a los que te piden dinero?

f. Ellos ______(deber) conseguir un buen trabajo si ______(poder).

Placement of multiple object pronouns:

I. Precedes a ______verb. Yo tengo mi libro. → Yo lo tengo. II. Can attach to the end of an ______or present ______. Yo voy a tener los libros mañana. → Yo voy a tenerlos. Yo estoy leyendo el libro. → Yo estoy leyéndolo. III. Attach to the end of a ______command. [Adjust accent if needed]

Manda la carta. → Mándala.

Mande las cartas. → Mándelas. IV. Precede ______commands. ¡No mandes las cartas ahora! → ¡No las mandes ahora!

V. “Lela Rule” : LE or _____ combined with LO, ____, _____, or _____ → ______Manda la carta a María. → Mándasela. Lee los cuentos a la clase. → Léeselos.

Práctica: a. I read it to her yesterday. (it = the book) b. Give it to me, please. (it = the notebook) (tú mandato) c. He wants to send them to Elena. (them – los dulces) Pero vs. Sino Both pero and sino mean “but”. Sino is used if the first part of the sentence is negative and is contradicted by the second part. It is equivalent to the expressions but instead and but rather.

***OJO: Pero is used instead of sino if there is no direct contradiction between the two parts of the sentence.

Ejemplo: No fuimos a la playa sino a la piscina. (We didn’t go to the beach but rather the pool.) No voy a nadar sino a tomar el sol. (I’m not going to swim, but rather to sunbathe.) Mi primo no es francés pero vive en París. (My cousin isn’t French but he lives in Paris)

**Sino que is used instead of sino to connect two contradictory clauses (in other words if followed by a conjugated verb).

Ejemplo: No fuimos al cine sino que nos quedamos en casa. (We didn’t go to the movies but rather stayed at home.)

Práctica: Completa las siguientes oraciones con pero, sino, o sino que. a. Mis amigas no estudian francés ______italiano. b. El periodista no criticó la nueva película ______escribió un artículo muy favorable. c. El ladrón no robó el dinero ______un retrato de poco valor. d. Este jugador de baloncesto es alto ______no marca muchos puntos. e. Juanita compró solamente un boleto de lotería______se sacó el gordo (grand prize). f. La maestra no nos dijo nada ______nos miró enojadamente. g. No me gustaría ir de compras ______mirar una película contigo.