An Overview of the Health of Our Population Capital Health, 2013
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An Overview of the Health of Our Population Capital Health, 2013 Understanding Communities Unit Public Health Services Lead Author: Holly D’Angelo-Scott, PhD May 2014 Part 1 CAPITAL HEALTH • POPULATION HEALTH STATUS REPORT POPULATION HEALTH STATUS REPORT • CAPITAL HEALTH i Acknowledgements This first population health status report for Public Health Services, Capital Health, would not have been possible without the knowledge, insight, and sharing of numerous partners. We thank the following organizations and individuals who greatly contributed to the development of this report: Capital Health Community Health Board members Halifax Regional Police Department Capital Health Library Services Bill Moore Sean Greenough Capital Health Mental Health and Addictions National Collaborating Centres for the Determinants Capital Health Primary Care of Health, Learning Circle Members and the Advisory Committee, and the external reviewers of the Population Capital Health Public Health Services Health Status Report (Current and former staff) Kira Abelsohn Ken Hoffman Kimberlee Barro Carmen MacKenzie Marilyn Barrett Doug May Valerie Blair Heather McPeake Kimberlee Barro Hannah Moffatt Nancy Chapman Sarah Melanson Karen Beckermann Lara Murphy Carolyn Dohoo Susan Mogae Ted Bruce Karen Hohenadel Nicole Druhan-McGinn Heather Monahan David Buckeridge Fay Pike Keely Fraser Shannon O’Neill Connie Clements Patricia Plouffe Holly Gillis Nadine Romaine Holly D’Angelo-Scott Melissa Potestio Paulette Hawksworth Patryk Simon Doug Dover Ruth Sanderson Rita MacAulay Morgane Stocker Lesley Dyck Cristina Ugolini Amy MacDonald Dr. Robin Taylor Joy Edwards Dr. Gaynor Watson-Creed Sarah MacDonald Kristine Webber Christopher Green Sharon MacIntosh Margaret Haworth-Brockman Dalhousie University Daniel Rainham, PhD Mikiko Terashima, PhD Sara Kirk, PhD CAPITAL HEALTH • POPULATION HEALTH STATUS REPORT POPULATION HEALTH STATUS REPORT • CAPITAL HEALTH i i Welcome LETTER FROM THE MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH Welcome to our first population health status report. When we were first asked by the Capital Health Board to begin the work of describing the health status of our population, we were excited – and a little worried. We knew that describing a populations’ health well – at least well enough to inform policy directions to improve health status – was no easy task. We have been preceded by our sister cities across Canada – Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver – in this work and so have had the benefit of learning from those organizations around the process of health status reporting. It is with this wisdom and precedent in mind that we set out to produce our first population health status report. What you will find in this report is a description of how our health is influenced by where we live. The report is based on the premise that where we live matters to our health. We have used in this report the Institut national du santé publique du Quebec (INSPQ) deprivation index to describe our communities and what underlying socioeconomic and material strengths and limitations they may have that ultimately hold some of us back from being as healthy as the rest of us. It is our hope that you will find that story in these pages, and that it will provoke you to ask the question “why”? Why are some communities healthier than others? This report marks the end of our journey of reporting in some ways, but the beginning in many others. From this technical report will come a series of much smaller and more digestible knowledge translation products that we hope will spread our findings further afield and stimulate more community dialogue. And we will take our lessons learned from this – our first attempt at population health status reporting – and continue on to the production of our next report. We are grateful to our colleagues at the National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health for making this report possible, through the creation of a Learning Circle of experts that guided our work, and through coaching, collaboration, and encouragement. And so here it is…our first report. We hope you find enough here to compel you to thumb through it and begin to ask yourself that “why” question…but in the meantime… Enjoy the read! Gaynor Watson-Creed, MSc, MD, CCFP, FRCPC Medical Officer of Health, Capital District CAPITAL HEALTH • POPULATION HEALTH STATUS REPORT POPULATION HEALTH STATUS REPORT • CAPITAL HEALTH i i i Contents Acknowledgements . .i Letter from the Medical Officer of Health . .ii Table of Contents . .iii Figures . .iv Tables . .v Abbreviations . .vi Executive Summary . .vii Introduction . .1 About Health Status Reporting . .1 About Public Health Services . .3 Methodology . .5 1. Analysis of Capital Health as a Whole . .6 2. Calculation of Deprivation for Capital Health . .7 3. Determination of Health Outcomes (Obesity, Alcohol Use, and Mental Health) From the CCHS Data . .8 4. Analysis of Independent Individual Variables (Health Behaviours and Risk Factors) . .9 5. Analysis of Additional “Community Factors” (Social Determinants of Health) Contributing to . .10 Risk Independent Variables and Health Outcomes 6. Data Analyses . .11 Results . .13 1. Selected Demographic Variables: Who is Capital Health? . .14 1.1 Age Distribution . .15 1.2 Immigration . .16 1.3 Visible Minority . .17 1.4 Aboriginal Population . .17 1.5 Dependency Ratio . .18 1.6 Life Expectancy . .19 1.7 Population density . .19 1.8 Summary . .22 2. Selected Health Indicators . .22 2.1 Mortality . .22 2.2 Injury Mortality . .23 2.3 Suicide and Self-Inflicted Injury Mortality . .24 i v CAPITAL HEALTH • POPULATION HEALTH STATUS REPORT Contents 2.4 Infant Mortality . .24 2.5 Birth and Fertility Rates . .25 2.6 Low Birth Weight . .27 2.7 Morbidity . .28 2.8 Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy at Birth (HALE) . .29 2.9 Potential Years of Life Lost . .30 2.10 Summary . .31 3. Selected Health Outcomes of Interest – Obesity, Alcohol Use, and Mental Health . .31 3.1 Deprivation and Capital Health . .33 3.1.1 Material Deprivation in Capital Heath . .36 3.1.2 Social Deprivation in Capital Health . .39 Summary . .41 3.2 Obesity and Capital Health . .42 3.2.1 Deprivation and Obesity . .44 3.2.2 Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Obesity . ..