Use Side 2 of the Scantron to Answer the Following Questions

Mr. Correira Global History I

Chapter 14 Test

-Use Side 2 of the scantron to answer the following questions

Multiple Choice______

1. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? a. Renaissance thinkers were interested in the learning and art of ancient Rome b. Renaissance thinkers had strong connections to the Church in Rome c. A wealthy and powerful merchant class opposed any cultural rebirth d. Italy's cities had not survived the Middle Ages, and thinkers wanted to restore them.

2. Why did Martin Luther write the 95 thesis? a. he was denouncing the sale of indulgences b. he was translating the Bible in the vernacular c. He was trying to help raise funds for the Cathedral of St. Peter d. He wanted to write about the 95 most influential citizens

3. Martin Luther and John Calvin were leaders of the a. Lutheran Church b. Protestant Reformation c. Italian Renaissance d. Catholic Church

4. Which Italian Renaissance writer stressed that the end justifies the means in his writings? a. Baldassare Castiglione b. Niccolò Machiavelli c. Francesco Petrarch d. Lorenzo de' Medici

5. In Germany, Calvinists faced opposition from a. Protestants and Catholics. b. Catholics and Lutherans c. Huguenots and Presbyterians. d. Lutherans and the Dutch Reform Church

6. The Renaissance, which lasted from the 1300s to the 1500s, was a period of a. regional conflicts that ended in wars b. empire building in Europe c. creativity and change in Europe d. traditionalism in Europe

7. In Utopia, Thomas More describes a. the adventures of two gentle giants b. the ignorant and immoral behavior of people c. the follies of young couples in love d. an ideal society in which men and women live in harmony 8. indulgence a. government run by church leaders 9. annul b. everyday language of ordinary people 10. humanism c. financial supporter 11. theocracy d. acceptable middle ground 12.vernacular e. lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory 13. heliocentric a. focus on worldly subjects rather than on religious issues 14. patron b. give up beliefs 15. predestination c. cancel or invalidate 16. compromise d. sun-centered model of the universe 17. recant e. God had long ago determined who would gain salvation

18. What did humanists believe would stimulate an individual's creative powers? a. life experience b. religion c. understanding of death d. education

19. René Descartes believed that people could discover basic truths through a. observation. b. experimentation c. reasoning. d. traditional sources of knowledge

20. The followers of John Calvin a. believed in predestination b. believed that people were born without sin. c. lived free, unrestricted lives. d. lived in Asia Minor and Russia.

21. What was one effect of the printing press? a. Books were expensive to make b. Knowledge and religious ideas spread across Europe c. Picture books became popular since most Europeans did not read or write d. Fewer people had access to books and knowledge

22. How did the attitudes of Renaissance thinkers differ from those of medieval scholars? a. An emphasis was placed on group achievement b. Human experience in the present was explored c. Study was based on religious issues d. Focus was placed on life after death

23. In 1534, King Henry VIII of England set up the Anglican Church because a. he wanted to show his support for the pope in Rome b. he opposed the sale of indulgences c. the pope refused to annul the king's marriage d. he wanted to return to a simple religion 24. The Catholic Reformation brought a. a move to end corruption in the Catholic Church. b. an end to the Protestant Reformation c. many Protestants back to the Catholic faith d. an end to the excommunication of Martin Luther

25. Which Florentine master dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work? a. Filippo Brunelleschi b. Michelangelo c. Leonardo da Vinci d. Raphael

26. Which religious group traces its roots to the Anabaptists? a. Anglicans b. Lutherans c. Protestants d. Quakers

27. Why was Albrecht Dürer sometimes called the "German Leonardo"? a. He painted a replica of the Mona Lisa b. He had a remarkable resemblance to Leonardo da Vinci c. He spread the Italian Renaissance to his homeland d. He became a master at etching

28. The Peace of Augsburg, signed in 1555 a. ended serfdom for peasants and afforded them better lives b. named the Lutheran religion the official religion of the south c. allowed each prince to decide which religion would be followed in his lands d. allowed clergy to sell indulgences in only a few select circumstances

29. What effect did Luther's excommunication by the Church have on Europe? a. Europeans were afraid to challenge the Church b. Europeans shunned him and his teachings c. His followers separated from the Church and formed a new Protestant church d. His ideas spread to southern Europe and Africa

30. When scientists use the scientific method, they base their findings on a. predestination and data analysis b. data collection and intuition c. observation and experimentation d. hypotheses and second-hand information DBQ______

Historical Context: One issue of the first global age was the desire by the government and the church to control people and people's desire to be free of control.

Task: Using information from the documents and your knowledge of global history and geography, write an essay in which you discuss the conflict between the desire to control people and people's desire to be free of control in the first global age.

PART A: SHORT ANSWER

Document #1

"All men have certain natural rights: the right to life, liberty and property. The purpose of the government is to protect these rights. If it fails to do so the people may set up a new government." —John Locke, Natural Rights of Man

1. What does Locke suggest that people should do if governments fail to protect their natural rights?

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Document #2

"The royal power is absolute. … The king is not responsible to anyone on earth for his acts. Without this absolute authority, the king could neither do good, nor prevent evil. His power must be such that no one can hope to escape him. … The king is not a private person. He belongs to the public. The will of the people is included in his will. As all perfection and all strength are united in God, so all power of the individual subjects is united in the person of the king." —Bishop Jacques Louis Bossuet, "Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Scripture"

2. What does Bossuet suggest about the power of the king?

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______Document #3

5. The pope does not have the power to remove a man's obligation to pay a penalty for committing a sin except for those penalties which the pope himself imposed. 6. The preachers of indulgences, who say that buying a certificate of indulgence from the pope or his representatives frees a man from all punishment, are wrong. 7. It is certain that when the money rattles in the chest, greed and gain may increase, but the forgiveness of sins can come from God alone. 8. Why does not the pope, who has enormous riches, build St. Peter's with his own money rather than the money of poor believers?

—From Martin Luther's 95 Theses (1517)

3. What practices of the church is Martin Luther questioning in this excerpt from his 95 Theses?

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Document #4

"From this the question arises whether it is better to be loved more than feared, or feared more than loved. The reply is, that one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved … for it may be said of men in general that they are ungrateful, … anxious to avoid danger, and greedy. … Men find it easier to attack one who makes himself loved than one who makes himself feared. … A prince … must imitate the fox and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. One must therefore be a fox to recognize traps, and a lion to frighten wolves. … Therefore, a wise ruler ought not keep his word when by so doing it would be against his interest. … If men were all good, this [rule] would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and would not be honest with you, so you are not bound to keep your word with them. …" —Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (1513)

4. Why does Machiavelli believe that men must be controlled?

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______Document #5

I, John, by the grace of God, King of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, count of Anjou, to the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons … and his faithful people:

1. … grant that the English church shall be free, and shall hold its rights and liberties uninjured.

We grant moreover to all free men of our kingdom … all the liberties written below …

21. Earls and barons shall be fined only by their peers, and only in proportion to their offense. 22. No free man shall be taken or imprisoned or dispossessed, or outlawed, or banished … except by legal judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. 23. To no one will we sell, to no one will we deny, or delay the right or justice.

—Magna Carta, signed by King John (June 15, 1215)

5. According to the document, what limits does King John place on his authority as king of England?

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Document #6

6. How did the printing press contribute to the spread of ideas?

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______Document #7

1. Japanese ships shall not be sent abroad. 2. No Japanese shall be sent abroad. Anyone breaking this law shall suffer the penalty of death. … 3. All Japanese living abroad shall be put to death when they return home. 4. All Christians shall be examined by official examiners. 5. Informers against Christians shall be rewarded. 6. The arrival of foreign ships must be reported to Edo [Tokyo] and watch kept over them. 7. Those who spread Christianity shall be jailed. …

—Japanese laws (1634)

7. How did the Japanese government seek to limit the freedom of Japan's people?

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PART B: ESSAY

Directions: Using information from the documents provided and your knowledge of Global history, write a well-organized essay that includes an introduction, several paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Historical Context: One issue of the first global age was the desire by the government and the church to control people and people's desire to be free of control.

Task: Using information from the documents and your knowledge of global history and geography, write an essay in which you:

Discuss the conflict between the desire to control people and people's desire to be free of control in the first global age.

Guidelines: When writing your essay, be sure to

 address all aspects of the Task by accurately analyzing and interpreting at least four documents.  incorporate information from the documents in the body of the essay.  incorporate relevant outside information throughout the essay.  richly support the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details.  write a well-developed essay that consistently demonstrates a logical and clean plan of organization.  introduce the theme by establishing a framework that is beyond a simple restatement of the Task or Historical Context and conclude the essay with a summation of the theme.