1. What Happened to the Percentage of Americans Living in Cities Between 1790-1840?

APUSH Howard Zinn Chapter 10 Study Questions

1. What happened to the percentage of Americans living in cities between 1790-1840? 2. What factors contributed to the growth of monopolies before the Civil War? What are some examples of monopolies formed in the 1850’s? 3. What role did the federal and state governments play in the creation of monopolies? 4. Define “working-class consciousness.” 5. The following questions refer to the time between c. 1830 and c. 1855. a. What were the different forms through which working people manifested their opposition to their political and economic position? Give specific examples to illustrate each form or type of opposition. (Types/forms can include: pamphlets, newspapers, demonstrations, strikes, organizations, meetings, riots, protests, debates, petitions, formation of political parties, creation of new political arms of existing parties or splinter groups). b. Of the above examples, which were ineffective and why? Which were effective? What effect did the form of protest have? 6. What do workers want? Were the demands/requests of workers reasonable? If so, why did management object to these demands/requests? Why might managers/owners be led to believe that the incidents referred to in the questions below might represent a conspiracy? How might one argue that they did not represent a conspiracy? a. Why did a crowd destroy the houses of bank officials in Maryland in 1835? b. Why did the New York Tailors object to Judge Edward’s decision regarding the right of the Tailors to form a union? c. What did the New York Locofocos want in 1837? d. What did the trade unions in Philadelphia want in 1835? e. What did the Irish weavers of Philadelphia want in the early 1840’s? f. What did several thousand people in Newark, New Jersey, want in 1857? g. What did the United Tailoresses want in 1825? h. What did the women mill workers in Exeter, New Hampshire, want in 1828? i. What did the Lowell Girls want? j. What did the Female Labor Reform Association of Lowell want in 1845? k. What did the Paterson children want? l. What did the shoemakers of Lynn, Massachusetts, want? 7. Did the Civil War effectively end the growing division between capital and labor? Explain. 8. Why were there draft riots in 1863? 9. During the Civil War, northern congressmen, without the representatives from the seceded states, were able to pass legislation favorable to northern business interests. How do each of the following pieces of legislation favor the northern/western economic system (manufacturing/commerce/wage labor) over the southern system (plantation-agricultural/raw materials/slave labor): a. Morrill Tariff 1861 b. Homestead Act 1862 c. Contract Labor Law 1864 10. How did judges interpret the law in favor of those businessmen who wished to expand at the expense of others? 11. After the Civil War (post-1865), were the conditions of the urban poor the same, worse, or better than they had been before the Civil War (pre-1861)? 12. What types of work opened up to women as a result of the civil war? 13. Why did the men of the National Labor Union vote to include blacks and women among their numbers in 1869?

14. After the Civil (post 1865), local trade unions joined together into national organizations How did the tactics of labor change as a result of this transformation? 15. What evidence does Zinn provide to illustrate the fact that economic crisis made workers adopt more radical tactics than they had used during periods of economic growth? Why would this happen? 16. How did the RR Strike of 1877 differ from other strikes described in this chapter? How was it similar? Did it represent a new stage in American labor history? 17. What does the title of this chapter mean? What is “The Other Civil War”? 18.