Packet by Vanderbilt a (Matt Keller, Paul Gauthier, Tony Mcall)
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ACF Regionals 2007 Packet by Vanderbilt A (Matt Keller, Paul Gauthier, Tony Mcall)
1. This man drew on his experiences as Secretary of State to write such gripping fare as Foreign Relations and Pan- American Peace Plans. This man fought with Congress for intruding on his territory with the Knox-Porter resolution, and his diplomatic achievements included the negotiation of the Treaty of Berlin with Germany and chairing the Washington Naval Conference. More famously, this man cast the deciding vote and wrote the majority opinion in NLRB vs. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. which upheld the constitutionality of the Wagner Act, a move that helped to diffuse the court-packing controversy sparked by the invalidation of the NIRA in the Schechter case while this man was Chief Justice. Losing in 1916 to Woodrow Wilson by only 23 electoral votes, for ten points, identify this American politician, the only man ever to resign from and return to the Supreme Court. ANSWER: Charles Evans Hughes
2. This man's namesake instability describes how electrostatic repulsion can overcome surface tension to deform a spherical droplet of charged liquid, and his namesake dimensionless number, the product of the Prandtl number and Grashof number, determines whether heat flows primarily through convection or conduction. An instability named for him and Taylor describes a heavy fluid floating on a light one, and several parameters are known as his namesake criteria, one referring to combustion and the other to the angular resolution of an optical system. The creator of an incorrect blackbody energy density formula along with James Jeans, for ten points, name this physicist best known for his eponymous scattering which explains why the sky is blue. ANSWER: Lord Rayleigh [John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh]
3. The first three sections of this four-part work were published anonymously after poor reviews of the author's previous work addressed to Burlington. Originally meant to be a part of a larger work, including some of its author's Imitations of Horace, its author claims to be "opening the fountains" in the introduction, and references Milton in his wish to "vindicate the ways of God to man." Dedicated to Henry St. John, Lord Bolingbroke, its third and fourth sections deal with society and happiness, and its first section, dealing with the universe, evokes the Great Chain of Being and famously declares "whatever is, is right." FTP name this philosophical poem consisting of four epistles written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope discussing the human situation. ANSWER: An Essay on Man
4. This painting's theme may have been suggested by the play The Three Cousins, though it was more likely inspired by Houdar de la Motte's opera ballet La Venitienne. Most of the artistic techniques were probably taken from the artist's close study of Rubens' Garden of Love. A statue wound about with flowers appears on the right. In the center, a man faces away from the viewer and holds a staff in his left hand, with his right arm around a woman in a bright gold dress, while four other couples stand under the large trees that dominate the upper right of this painting. On the left, cherubs fly around the red and white sails of a golden boat, which people are boarding, while the far right features Cupid's quiver of arrows at the base of a statue of Venus. For ten points, name this painting depicting a leisurely trip to an enchanted island, a fete-galante by Watteau. ANSWER: A Pilgrimage to Cythera [or Embarkation from Cythera; or Embarkation to Cythera]
5. This man's early works include the string septet Shaker Loops and the piano piece Phrygian Gates. His time as composer in residence for the San Francisco Symphony produced works like a tribute to the Second Viennese School, Harmonielehre, and a choral work using the text of a John Donne poem and two Emily Dickinson poems, Harmonium. He used missing persons reports, internet postings, and cell phone conversations as the text for his 9/11 tribute, On the Transmigration of Souls, and wrote operas about the hijacking of the Achille Lauro and the visit of a President to a certain country. FTP name this modern American composer of The Death of Klinghoffer and Nixon in China. ANSWER: John Adams
6. It was frequently persecuted by Melchites for its adherence to a Cyrilline Christology, and in 2001 Peter VII agreed to recognize its marriages and baptisms. The only pre-reformation church to use grape juice in communion, it is currently led by Shenouda III, and it traces its origin to the condemnation of Patriarch Dioscorus at the Council of Chalcedon. In communion with the Armenian Church and the other members of the Oriental Orthodox Communion, it granted autocephality to the Tawahedo Ethiopian church in 1959, and performs most of its liturgical rites in an extinct afro-asiatic language. For ten points identify this so-called monophysite church, centered in Alexandria, named for the dialect of Egyptian it uses in services. ANSWER: Coptic Orthodox
7. In one of this author's stories, a woman dies of pneumonia and sees a vision of a gigantic parrot, and in another, the title character saves the Emperor of Occitania from the Caliph of Cordova and is taken up to heaven by Jesus posing as a leper. One of his works, inspired by a trip to Carthage, recounts the love of Matho for the title priestess. In one work, Frederic Moreau pines for the older Madame Arnoux but ultimately rejects her, and in this author's best-known novel the title character swallows arsenic after having affairs with Rodolphe and Léon. Famous for such works as Salammbo and A Simple Heart, for ten points, name this author of The Sentimental Education and Madame Bovary. ANSWER: Gustave Flaubert
8. The serine protease that normally breaks down this compound can be permanently inactivated by di-isopropyl- phospho-fluoridate, or temporarily inhibited by neostigmine, which is used as a treatment for myasthenia gravis because it prolongs the actions of this compound. It binds with two distinct classes of receptors – one that comes in five types that are coupled to G proteins, and another class of ionotropic receptors. Those muscarinic receptors for this molecule are found at effector organs of the parasympathetic nervous system, while nicotinic receptors for it are found at all autonomic ganglia and at motor end plates of skeletal muscles. Broken down by a namesake esterase, FTP name this neurotransmitter synthesized from its two namesake constituents, one of which includes coenzyme A. ANSWER: acetylcholine
9. This event was supposedly portended by the eruption of the Kuwae volcano, which caused a “magnificent red fire” in the sky. One source is a diary on it written by contemporary Nicolo Barbaro. The German engineer Johannes Grant was called in early, but the construction of the “Cutter of the Throat,” or Rumeli Hisan, restricted naval support, and a causeway of greased logs across the Galata ended supply shipments from Genoa. The injury of Giovanni Giustiniani demoralized the defenders holding the Blachernae Wall, as did the use of the Basilic, a 27-foot long cannon which blasted at the Theodosian walls. FTP, identify this 1453 event in which Constantine XI died in battle and Mehmed II took control of the Byzantine capital. ANSWER: fall of Constantinople (or siege of Constantinople or reasonable equivalents mentioning Constantinople specifically being defeated/taken)
10. A posthumous edition of this man’s writing was compiled by Beatus Rhenanus, who appended a life of him. He wrote an anonymous satire in which Pope Julius II attempts to storm Heaven with those killed in his wars, Julius Excluded. He discusses church abuses in his Colloquia, but considered his greatest work the compilation of a critical Greek New Testament, the basis of the Textus Recepticus. He is best known, though, for a satire in which the title figure is born in the “pagan Eden,” the Fortunate Isles, and nursed by Drunkenness and Ignorance as the daughter of Youth and Plutus, a work written to amuse this man’s friend Thomas More. FTP, identify this Dutch humanist and author of In Praise of Folly. ANSWER: Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam
11. This man's first administration saw the passage of the Ecclesiastical Titles Act, and as home secretary under Lord Melbourne he was responsible for reducing the number of capital offenses. His 1845 stance in favor of total free trade forced his opponent Robert Peel to follow him, and as foreign secretary, he proposed mediating the American Civil War, only to be denied by the man whose recognition of Napoleon III had caused the collapse of this man's first ministry. He spoke in 1817 in opposition to the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act, but it was as paymaster under Charles Grey, in which capacity he fought for the rights of English Dissenters and Irish Catholics, that he saw his greatest success. FTP, name this liberal Whig, the driving force behind the Reform Bill of 1832 and Prime Minister from 1846 to 1852 and again from 1865 to 1866. Answer: John Russell, 1st Earl of Russell, Viscount Amberley of Amberley and Ardsalla
12. At one point in this work, an oath is sworn over a jug of Thracian wine after it is pointed out that sacrificing a sheep over a shield would be inappropriate. The main character comes up with a metaphor of Greece as a piece of wool that needs to be spun into yarn, and when the Commissioner casts aspersions on this idea, Kleonike empties a chamber pot over him. The chorus of old men tries to smoke out a group from their entrenched position at a site where Kinesias shows up with a neglected baby and an enlarged member. Ending with an agreement aided by the naked figure Peace, FTP name this Aristophanes work in which the title character convinces Greek women to withhold sex until the Peloponnesian War is ended. ANSWER: Lysistrata
13. Artifacts bearing the name of Meskalamdug and Akalamdug were found in Early Dynastic II tombs in this city. Its King Shulgi is considered the author of the first law code, and Messanepadda founded this city's first dynasty. Its most prominent period, which followed Utu-Hegal's expulsion of the Gutians and preceded the Isin Larsa Period, was its third dynasty. This site includes the remains of a temple to Nanna, and was the subject of excavations led by Sir Leonard Woolley. FTP identify this city once located on the west side of the Euphrates River about 150 miles southeast of Babylon, famous for its well-preserved ziggurat and for being the hometown of Abraham. ANSWER: Ur (do not prompt on or accept Uruk)
14. The work of Vaughan Jones has connected these objects to the Ising model of statistical mechanics, while Dehn's theorem demonstrates that if one of these objects' namesake group is isomorphic to the integers, then the object itself is isomorphic to a closed loop. Dowker notation can be used to enumerate prime ones, examples of which are the hyperbolic, torus, and satellite types. The determinants of these structures are given by evaluating the Alexander polynmial at negative one, and other invariants related to these objects are the Jones and HOMFLY polynomials. Manipulated by Reidemesiter moves and generalizable in three dimensions to links, for ten points, identify these mathematical objects, examples of which include the bend, trefoil, and pretzel varieties. ANSWER: knots
15. This man, who started two games for the Arizona Cardinals in 1994, hosted the 2006 Barefoot Open, so named because he prefers to play golf with bare feet. Defensive tackle Charles Martin became infamous for his dirty hit on this player, who first came to attention during the 1981 Holiday Bowl, when he led a miraculous comeback win over SMU while playing for BYU. In 1996, he won a rather ironic Super Bowl ring as a backup to Brett Favre, but he’s better remembered for throwing deep to Willie Gault and mooning a television station helicopter en route to another Super Bowl win. FTP, name this headband-wearing "punky QB" who got under the skin of Mike Ditka while leading the 1985 Chicago Bears to glory. ANSWER: Jim McMahon
16. One character in this work woos Giovanna’s charge while disguised as the poor student Walter Maldè. That same character seduces the Countess Ceprano after summarizing his womanizing philosophy in the aria "Questa o quella." The title character is tricked into helping break into his own house, where Borsa, Marullo and their companions succeed in carrying off the title character’s daughter to the Duke of Mantua. Monterone’s curse on the title character is fulfilled when his daughter Gilda sacrifices herself to Sparafucile’s knife. Featuring the aria “La donna è mobile,” FTP name this Verdi opera about the titular hunchbacked jester. ANSWER: Rigoletto
17. The winning side in this battle took up position at the New Park, while a significant contingent of “camp- followers” stayed in secret reserve at Coxet Hill. Six years after the battle came the issuance of the Declaration of Arbroath, which was sent to Pope John XXII. It occurred after a pact between the brother of the winning side's king and Philip Mowbray, the local commander of a castle under siege, after which a force of Thomas Randolph was victorious in skirmish with Robert Clifford and Henry Beaumont. More famous for the heroic slaying of Henry de Bohun, the victors forced a hasty retreat by Edward II. FTP, name this 1314 battle which secured Scottish independence, a victory for Robert de Bruce. ANSWER: Battle of Bannockburn
18. In the tale of Hedinn and Hogni, this deity convinced Hedinn to crush Hogni's wife and kidnap his daughter, in order to fulfill another god's wish for an everlasting battle. In the Hyndluljoth the giantess Hyndla recognizes the boar Hildesvini as this goddess’s human lover Ottar in disguise. According to the Prose Edda, her palace Folkvangr is the destination of half of the slain warriors, and she would have had to marry the giant Blast if he had completed the walls of Asgard in time. She had sex with four dwarves to obtain the necklace Brisingamen, and usually traveled in a chariot drawn by two cats. FTP name this daughter of Njord, a Vanir goddess of love and fertility. ANSWER: Freya [or Freyja; or Friia] 19. The Zincke form of this class of compounds results from the reaction of a pyridinium salt with 2,4-DNP and a primary amine. The presence of this functional group can be distinguished by an absorption band around 2720 to 2820 inverse centimeters in IR spectroscopy, or by a chemical shift of around 9-10 delta in proton NMR spectroscopy. They undergo disproportionation in the Cannizzaro Reaction to yield acids and alcohols, and they can be detected by a brick red precipitate in Fehling’s Test or by the formation of a silver mirror on the wall of a test tube in the Tollens test. FTP, name this class of organic compounds defined by a terminal carbonyl group. ANSWER: aldehydes
20. One literary character with this first name recognizes her companion in a portrait of her ancestor, the Countess Millarca Karnstein. Another character with this first name is the wife of the title character in Lord Byron's Beppo. The object of the title vampire’s desires in le Fanu’s Carmilla shares this first name with a woman who grew up at Avilion with her sister Iris and drove her car off a cliff after World War II, as reported at the beginning of Atwood's The Blind Assassin. One character of this name comes out of her shell after kissing Jim, the "gentleman caller,” and another literary character of this name was the subject of the poetry collection called Song Book, or Il Canzoniere. FTP give the name shared by Tom's sister in The Glass Menagerie and the object of Petrarch's affection. ANSWER: Laura
21. One particularly far-fetched theory finds information about this discovery in the short story “Dayspring Mishandled.” The team of Oakley, Clark, and Weiner shared credit for unmaking the truth about it, some 30 years after Raymond Dart insisted that his Taung skull was bona fide. Arthur Smith Woodward is generally thought innocent of this forgery, though his aid was enlisted by Charles Dawson, for whom this find was dubbed Eanthropus dawsoni. Actually consisting of a transported orangutan jawbone and some modern skull fragments, FTP, name this archaeological hoax discovered at the namesake village in Sussex. ANSWER: Piltdown Man 1. The critic John Ruskin accused the artist of this work of "flinging a pot of paint in the public's face," for which the artist sued him for libel. FTPE: [10] Name this dark 1874 painting by James Whistler that ostensibly depicts a "Falling Rocket." ANSWER: Nocturne in Black and Gold: Falling Rocket [10] Whistler's lover Joanna Hiffernan posed for his Symphony in White, No. 1, as well as for this scandalous Gustav Courbet work showing a naked woman from the breasts down, including her ample volume of pubic hair. ANSWER: The Origin of the World [or L'Origine du monde] [10] Late in life, Whistler painted mostly landscapes and sea-scapes, influenced by this forerunner of impressionism famous for his Bridge at Narni and Souvenirs landscapes. Answer: Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
2. Kary Mullis supposedly came up with the idea for this process while driving on a California highway. FTPE: [10] Name this process of amplifying specific sequences of DNA by repeatedly separating the DNA into single strands, allowing primers to bind to each end, and then letting DNA polymerase copy the sequence. ANSWER: Polymerase Chain Reaction [10] PCR was vastly improved by the introduction of this DNA polymerase that remains stable at high temperatures, isolated from its namesake bacterium that lives in extremely hot locations. ANSWER: Taq polymerase or Thermus aquaticus [10] Incomplete cDNA can be filled in using this procedure prior to amplification by PCR. It is usually used to fill in the 5’ end, and involves hybridizing with mRNA and applying reverse transcriptase to fill in the cDNA. In the 3’- direction, it involves PCR with oligo(dT) as the reverse primer. ANSWER: RACE or rapid amplification of cDNA ends
3. Answer these questions about the Incas FTPE. [10] According to legend, this first Incan emperor and his three brothers and four sisters emerged from caves in the earth near Lake Titicaca. He led the ten Incan clans north to establish a capital. ANSWER: Manco Capac [10] This was the capital Manco Capac established, in a fertile valley near Macchu Picchu. It remains today as a city of 300,000 people in southeastern Peru. ANSWER: Cuzco (or Cusco) [10] This emperor is said to have designed the city plan of Cuzco when he had it rebuilt. This son of Viracocha initiated a rapid expansion of the Inca empire, which was continued by his son Tupac. ANSWER: Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui or Cusi Yupanqui
4. Answer the following about Scottish music not involving bagpipes, FTPE. [10] She won Best British Female Solo Artist at the 2006 Brit Awards, after the success of her debut album Eye to the Telescope, featuring the singles "Other Side of the World," "Suddenly I See," and "Black Horse and the Cherry Tree," sung by Katherine McPhee on American Idol. ANSWER: Kate “KT” Tunstall [10] This Northern Ireland band first gained fame in the US for the singles "Chocolate" and "Run" from Final Straw, but became more popular after "Chasing Cars," from their latest album Eyes Open, was played on Grey's Anatomy. ANSWER: Snow Patrol [10] Members of Snow Patrol used to pretend to be a part of this Glasgow-based indie band, led by Stuart Murdoch, who named themselves after a French children's book. ANSWER: Belle & Sebastian
5. It was first introduced by Sommerfeld, whose name is still sometimes attached to it, to explain the splitting of energy levels in hydrogen atoms. FTPE: [10] Name this dimensionless constant that represents the magnitude of the interaction between photons and charged elementary particles, equal to about 1/137 and symbolized alpha. ANSWER: fine structure constant [10] The hyperfine splitting in hydrogen, whose energy levels are proportional to the fourth power of alpha, is responsible for this emission line extensively studied in radio astronomy and corresponding to about 1420 MHz. ANSWER: 21 centimeter line (accept numerical equivalents) [10] The value of the fine structure constant can be calculated almost exactly through the integer version of this effect, in which the namesake resistance for a 2-dimensional electron system at low temperatures and high magnetic fields has discrete plateaus. ANSWER: quantum Hall effect
6. He collaborated with Paul Lazarsfeld in the Bureau of Applied Social Research at Columbia University from 1941-76, and was at least technically a student of Talcott Parsons. FTPE: [10] Name this American structural-functionalist noted for creating focus groups and for his "strain theory" of social deviance, whose works include Sociological Ambivalence and On the Shoulders of Giants. ANSWER: Robert K(ing) Merton [10] Merton's strain theory drew from this concept, which he defined as the gap between society's goals and the allowed methods for achieving them. Emile Durkheim famously espoused it as a cause of Suicide. ANSWER: anomie [10] This 4-part work first published in 1949 is probably Merton's most famous, in which many of his theories are set forth, particularly how deviant behavior results from different social adaptations. It also defines the self- fulfilling prophecy and manifest and latent functions. ANSWER: Social Theory and Social Structure
7. He obtained his familiar name from the banana tree placed outside his hut where he taught poetry. FTPE: [10] Name this 17th century Japanese poet and wanderer, known for works like The Records of a Travel-worn Satchel. ANSWER: Matsuo Basho [10] Basho is best known for this work, containing many examples of haiku, as well as descriptions of his travels to areas like Nikko, Nasu, and Sendai, undertaken with his student Sora. ANSWER: The Narrow Road to the Deep North [or Oku no hosomichi] [10] The haiku poetic form developed out of the opening stanza of this Japanese poetic form, popular during the Edo Period, in which multiple poets collaborate on a single work by alternating sections. ANSWER: renga
8. During the Vietnam War, he declared that the North Vietnamese would be bombed "back to the Stone Age" and ran as George Wallace's vice presidential candidate in 1968. For ten points each: [10] Identify this American general. ANSWER: Curtis Emerson LeMay [10] LeMay may be best known for organizing the Berlin Airlift while in charge of this military body, first commanded by George Kenney, and which oversaw all Air Force operations. It was eliminated in 1992. ANSWER: Strategic Air Command [10] During the Cuban missile crisis, LeMay is reported to have said "Let's go in, let's totally destroy Cuba," in this film, which consists of interviews of Robert McNamara by Errol Morris. ANSWER: The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara
9. Answer the following about mixtures FTPE. [10] When two liquids with similar boiling points have been mixed, this form of distillation is required to separate them. It involves packing the distillation column to allow multiple vaporization-condensation cycles. ANSWER: fractional distillation [10] This is the term for a mixture with a constant boiling point because its components have the same mole fraction in both the liquid and vapor phases. Thus, it cannot be separated through simple or fractional distillation. ANSWER: azeotrope [10] On a binary phase diagram, this point represents the relative compositions of the two substances and the temperature at which a solid alloy and homogeneous liquid mixture can coexist. ANSWER: eutectic point
10. Answer the following about some religious works of Joseph Haydn FTPE. [10] This oratorio, often considered his finest work, was written with both English and German librettos, which derive their text from descriptions of the titular event in Genesis, Psalms, and Milton's Paradise Lost. ANSWER: The Creation or Die Schöpfung [10] Haydn wrote six masses for this family, led by Paul and then Nikolaus, which served as Haydn's patron for much of his career. ANSWER: Esterházy [10] Haydn originally wrote this piece, a series of meditations on some late utterances of Jesus, for full orchestra, but later adapted it for string quartet and for voices. ANSWER: Seven Last Words of Christ on the Cross or Die sieben letztzn Worte unseres Erlösers am Kreuze
11. The Cooley-Tukey algorithm is used for the "fast" version of the discrete variety of this mathematical process. FTPE: [10] Name this process generally used to transform a time-domain function into its constituent frequency components, officially defined as the integral of f(x) times e to the negative 2 pi i k x. ANSWER: Fourier transform [10] The Fourier transform of a constant is this function, sometimes called the unit impulse function, which has a value of infinity at one particular input value and zero elsewhere. ANSWER: Dirac delta [10] Due to its inherent windowing, the discrete Fourier transform introduces this phenomenon, whereby the frequency spectrum shows non-zero values seeping out from the actual frequency components of the signal. ANSWER: leakage
12. Identify these dynasties that ruled empires in Persia FTPE. [10] This term is usually applied to the line of kings founded by Cyrus the Great, though it more properly applies to those after Darius I. ANSWER: Achaemenid [10] This dynasty ruled the Parthian empire. The Romans burned down the capital, Ctesiphon, no fewer than three times, but their armies annihilated Crassus’s forces at the battle of Carrhae. ANSWER: Arsacid [10] This dynasty founded by Ardashir I replaced the Parthians but fell into decline after the death of Khosrau II. ANSWER: Sassanid
13. It contains works such as Raising of Lazarus, Joachim among the Shepherds, and a famous Lamentation. FTPE: [10] Name this chapel in Padua home to early Renaissance frescoes arranged in three tiers – scenes from the life of the Virgin, the life and mission of Christ, and the Passion and Resurrection, all painted by Giotto di Bondone. ANSWER: Arena Chapel [or Scrovegni Chapel] [10] This Florentine artist is best known as the teacher of Giotto, as mentioned in Dante's Purgatorio. As an artist, he is remembered for his Madonna Enthroned altarpiece for Santa Trinita in Florence. ANSWER: Cimabue [or Bencivienni di Pepo] [10] Cimabue's last work was a mosaic of St. John the Evangelist for the Duomo of this city, whose baptistry has a dome designed by Nicola and Giovanni Pisano. Answer: Pisa
14. One seer of this name challenged a rival to a series of predictions about some unborn piglets. FTPE: [10] Give the name shared by that son of Manto and an earlier seer and Argonaut who suffered the indignity of having his hair fall out at the moment of his death when a Libyan snake bit him. ANSWER: Mopsus [10] The Libyan snake that killed Mopsus was one of a swarm created when this hero let fall a drop of Gorgon’s blood on the desert sand. Shortly thereafter, he spotted Andromeda naked and chained to a rock. ANSWER: Perseus [10] The younger Mopsus was said to be the son of Manto by this god. He gave the gift of prophecy to Cassandra, and then made it so that no one would believe her. ANSWER: Apollo
15. Name these works of Edgar Allen Poe FTPE. [10] Poe's only novel, it tells of the title character stowing away on the whaling ship Grampus and surviving a shipwreck and subsequent cannibalism, among other adventures. ANSWER: The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym [10] In this story, Egaeus falls in love with his cousin, the title character, and then becomes so obsessed with her teeth that he pulls them out after she is presumed dead. ANSWER: “Berenice” [10] At the behest of Monsieur G—, C. Auguste Dupin tracks down the titular stolen document, which Minister D— had been using to blackmail a royal woman. ANSWER: “The Purloined Letter”
16. It attempted to respond to the death of men like Georges Darboy with an “eye for an eye” doctrine. FTPE: [10] Name this short-lived, revolutionary municipal government that took control of the French capital following the decline of Napoleon III's empire in 1871. ANSWER: Paris Commune [or Commune of Paris] [10] This man, formerly prime minister under King Louis-Philippe, was the head of the first provisional government of the Third Republic who ordered attacks on the Paris Commune. ANSWER: Adolphe Thiers [10] This revolutionary socialist who had much earlier seized the Hotel de Ville was known as l’enferme for the time he spent in jail. Despite attempts at exchange, Thiers kept him behind bars for the duration of the Commune. ANSWER: Louis Auguste Blanqui
17. Answer the following about the structure of the eye FTPE. [10] This clear, mostly collagenous structure at the front of the eye provides the majority of the refracting power of the eye. It is contiguous with the sclera. ANSWER: cornea [10] This structure just behind the iris has two major functions: secreting aqueous humor, and changing the shape of the crystalline lens by contracting or relaxing its namesake muscle. ANSWER: ciliary body [10] The ciliary body is a specialized derivative of this layer of the eye between the sclera and the retina, in which the blood vessels that nourish the retina are located. ANSWER: choroid
18. Identify the following famous rabbis from descriptions FTPE [10] This Rabban was a teacher of Paul and makes an appearance in Acts, where he advises against persecuting Christians. ANSWER: Gamaliel I or Gamaliel the Elder [10] This rabbi was a master of the Oral Law, which he helped to compile into the Mishnah. ANSWER: Judah ha-Nasi or the Prince [10] This rabbi, a contemporary of Gamaliel II, was executed by the Romans because of his strong support for the Bar Kochba revolt. ANSWER: Rabbi Akiba of Rabbi Akiva
19. Stuff about a psychological concept, FTPE. [10] This idea explicitly in opposition to Freud’s theories posits that men are jealous and exhibit neurotic behavior because they so desperately want to be able to have children. ANSWER: womb envy [10] This psychoanalyst who also developed some coping strategies was the first to posit womb envy, and loved to talk about neurosis. ANSWER: Karen Horney [10] Horney paired neurosis with this two-word idea in the title of a 1950 book, perhaps her most well-known, subtitled “The Struggle Toward Self-Realization.” ANSWER: human growth (don’t accept anything else)
20. Identify the following first generation Sophists FTPE. [10] This namesake of a Platonic dialogue is famous for his adage "Man is the Measure of all things." The first to call himself a Sophist, he wrote some Refutations and On the gods. ANSWER: Protagoras of Abdera [10] The namesake of two Platonic dialogues, a major and minor one, this philosopher of Elis is perhaps best known for inventing a mathematical curve called the quadratrix. ANSWER: Hippias of Elis [10] Not the namesake of a dialogue, this philosopher from Ceos was nevertheless apparently revered by Plato for insisting on the correctness of names. His extant titles include some Hours and On the Nature of Man. ANSWER: Prodicus of Ceos