No Notes, No Books. You Can Use a Calculator s1

Astronomy 101, Exam #1 H

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No notes, No books. You can use a calculator c = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 meters

-34 24 30 h = 6.626 x 10 J●s mass of Earth = 5.97 × 10 kg mass of Sun = 1.99 x 10 kg G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kg g = 9.8 m/s2 radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 m σ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m

1) The planet with the largest diameter is …

A) Saturn B) Neptune C) Uranus D) Jupiter E) Mars

2) A body takes 13 years to make one orbit around the Sun. What is the body’s semi- major axis?

A) 4.3 AU B) 5.5 AU C) 2.9 AU D) 3.1 AU E) 4.6 AU

3) Who used Tycho Brahe’s data to derive his laws of planetary motion?

A) Isaac Newton B) Galileo Galilei. C) Nicolas Copernicus. D) Aristotle E) Johannes Kepler.

4) A body is 7 Astronomical Units from the Sun. What is the body’s orbital period around the Sun?

A) 9.3 years B) 27 years C) 49 years D) 101 years E) 18.5 years Astronomy 101, Exam #1 H

5) During its orbit when a planet is at perihelion, it is …

A) at its closest point to the Sun. B) at its farthest point from the Sun. C) in total shadow during an eclipse. D) in partial shadow during an eclipse. E) closest to the Moon.

6) Which of the following is not a unit of distance?

A) astronomical unit B) kilometer C) light year D) meter E) newton

7) What was a flaw in Copernicus’ model of the Solar System?

A) He wanted the Earth at the center. B) He wanted the Moon to be at the center. C) He did not think Mars was a planet. D) He wanted all the orbits of the planets to be perfectly circular. E) He did not think Jupiter was a planet.

8) Which of these planets travels the slowest around the Sun?

A) Venus B) Jupiter. C) Saturn D) Mercury E) Mars

9) Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto were discovered by …

A) Tycho Brahe. B) Galileo Galilei. C) Nicolas Copernicus. D) Aristotle. E) Johannes Kepler.

10) Jupiter never passes through which of these constellations as seen from Earth?

A) Virgo B) Ursa Major C) Leo D) Taurus Astronomy 101, Exam #1 H

E) Aquarius Astronomy 101, Exam #1 H

11) What is the difference in the definition of a planet and a dwarf planet?

A) Planets have satellites while dwarf planets don’t have satellites B) Planets orbit the Sun while dwarf planets don’t orbit the Sun. C) Planets are round while dwarf planets are not round. D) Planets have cleared the neighborhood around their orbits while dwarf planets have not. E) Planets have nuclear fusion occurring in their cores to produce energy while dwarf planets do not have nuclear fusion occurring in their cores

12) Put these items in order from largest size to smallest size: Largest  Smallest

A) Our Universe, Our Galaxy, Our Solar System B) Our Galaxy, Our Universe, Our Solar System C) Our Solar System, Our Galaxy, Our Universe D) Our Galaxy, Our Solar System, Our Universe E) Our Universe, Our Solar System, Our Galaxy

13) Which of these bodies has the most elliptical orbit?

A) Venus B) Jupiter. C) Saturn D) Pluto E) Neptune

14) How many kilometers are in 1 meter?

A) 1 x 104 kilometers B) 1 x 10-4 kilometers C) 1 x 10-2 kilometers D) 1 x 10-3 kilometers E) 1 x 103 kilometers

15) Assume that each galaxy has 1 x 1011 stars. How many stars will be in 1 x 104 galaxies?

A) 1 x 1044 stars B) 1 x 1015 stars C) 1 x 1016 stars D) 2 x 1015 stars E) 2 x 1016 stars Astronomy 101, Exam #1 H

16) Put these planets in order from largest diameter to smallest diameter: Largest  Smallest

A) Jupiter, Neptune, Mercury, Venus B) Neptune, Jupiter, Mercury, Venus C) Jupiter, Neptune, Venus, Mercury D) Jupiter, Venus, Neptune, Mercury E) Neptune, Jupiter, Mercury, Venus

17) A lunar eclipse occurs during a …

A) New Moon B) Full Moon C) First Quarter Moon D) Third Quarter Moon E) Waning Crescent

18) Seasons on the Earth are a consequence of …

A) the varying distance between the Earth and the Sun during the year. B) the varying speed of the Earth in its orbit about the Sun. C) the precession of the Earth's rotation axis. D) the tilt of the Earth's rotation axis relative to the ecliptic. E) the tilt of the Moon's orbital plane relative to the ecliptic.

19) Which of these statements is one of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion?

A) The orbit of every planet is a circle with the sun at the center. B) The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus. C) The cube of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the square root of the semi-major axis of its orbit. D) Planet closer to the Sun move slower than planets farther from the Sun E) All planets have cleared the neighborhood of their orbit.

20) You are standing on the Earth's equator. Which way is Polaris?

A) Directly overhead B) On the northern horizon. C) 45 degrees up in the sky, due West. D) The answer depends on whether it's winter or summer. E) 45 degrees up in the sky, due East. Astronomy 101, Exam #1 H

21) How would the force of gravity between the Sun and the Earth change if the Sun's mass were increased by a factor of two and the Earth’s mass was increased by a factor of five? A) The force would be unchanged. B) The force would increase by a factor of 10. C) The force would increase by a factor of 25. D) The force would decrease by a factor of 10. E) The force would decrease by a factor of 25.

22) What is the gravitational acceleration on the surface of a planet that has 4 times the mass of Earth and 4 times the radius of Earth?

A) 9.8 m/s2 B) 4.9 m/s2 C) 19.6 m/s2 D) 2.45 m/s2 E) 39.2 m/s2

23) If the Earth were moved to a distance of 4 AU from the Sun, how much stronger or weaker would be the gravitational force between the Sun and Earth?

A) The force would be 4 times stronger. B) The force would be 16 times stronger. C) The force would be unchanged. D) The force would be 4 times weaker. E) The force would be 16 times weaker.

24) Which of these planets has the smallest semi-major axis?

A) Earth B) Jupiter C) Neptune D) Uranus E) Saturn

25) Which of these bodies has the smallest diameter?

A) Venus B) Mercury C) Saturn D) Mars E) Pluto Astronomy 101, Exam #1 H

26) The comet that was torn apart by tidal forces and also impacted Jupiter was called …

A) Eris B) Halley C) Shoemaker-Levy 9 D) LINEAR 50 E) Siding Spring 4

27) Why do the stars in the sky appear to move in the sky over the course of evening?

A) Because the stars orbit the center of our galaxy B) Because the Earth is rotating on its axis C) Because the Sun orbits the center of our galaxy D) Because the Sun is rotating on its axis E) Because the Moon orbits the Earth

28) In space, a 20 Newton force on a 5 kg body would give that body an acceleration of

A) 2 m/s2 B) 3 m/s2 C) 4 m/s2 D) 20 m/s2 E) 100 m/s2

29) Eris’ moon is called …

A) Charon B) Dysnomia. C) Ceres D) Io E) Europa

30) Which of these objects is considered a dwarf planet?

A) Ganymede B) Deimos C) Mercury D) Phobos E) Ceres

31) The fourth planet from the Sun is …

A) Mercury B) Venus C) Mars D) Neptune Astronomy 101, Exam #1 H

E) Earth Astronomy 101, Exam #1 H

32) Why can’t stellar parallax be seen with the naked eye?

A) Sun is too bright. B) Moon is too bright C) Stars are too far away. D) Precession of the Earth’s rotation axis changes the Earth’s North Celestial Pole. E) Direct light strikes the Northern Hemisphere in the summer.

33) Precession causes …

A) the Moon to orbit the Earth at a faster rate B) the position of the North Celestial Pole in the sky to vary over time C) bodies to break apart due to tidal forces D) smaller bodies to impact larger bodies E) bodies to get brighter as they get closer to the Sun

34) Who determined that the planets’ orbits around the Sun were not perfectly circular?

A) Tycho Brahe. B) Galileo Galilei. C) Nicolas Copernicus. D) Aristotle. E) Johannes Kepler.

35) The largest tides on Earth occur during which phases of the Moon?

A) first-quarter and third-quarter B) new and full C) waning crescent and waxing crescent D) waning gibbous and waxing gibbous E) waning crescent and waxing gibbous

36) The planets, the Earth, and the Sun all tend to fall in the same plane called …

A) perihelion. B) aphelion. C) the ecliptic. D) retrograde motion. E) the umbra. Astronomy 101, Exam #1 H

37) The eight planets all pass through constellations that are found in the …

A) celestial equator. B) zodiac C) horizon D) celestial north pole. E) celestial south pole.

38) The largest moon of Pluto is …

A) Ceres B) Callisto C) Haumea D) Makemake E) Charon

39) Which of these bodies is not considered a dwarf planet?

A) Pluto B) Haumea C) Eris D) Vega E) Makemake

40) How many meters are in 10,000 kilometers?

A) 1 x 104 meters B) 1 x 105 meters C) 1 x 106 meters D) 1 x 107 meters E) 1 x 108 meters