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;DkfbsLo kf6L{ k'gMu7gsf nflu ax;df h'6f}“ @ kf7s–d~r k|ltlqmof gof“ Oltxf; lgdf{0fsf] sfnv08– gf/fo0f u'?ª $ cfj/0f Pstfa4 eO{ cf7f}“ dxflwj]zgsf] eJo tof/L u/f}“ † – emngfy vgfn % ljrf/ …;]gf ;dfof]hgÚ / cg'Q/bfoL ax; – O{Zj/ kf]v/]n ( dxflwj]zg tof/L÷l/kf]6{ a'6jn d08kdf dxflwj]zg – /fdgfy 9sfn !@ dxflwj]zgsf pk;ldlt !# ;dLIff …gjo'uÚsf] cfkm\g} ofqf – efg'eQm 9sfn !& cltly snd ljQLo ;ª\s6 / ljZj cy{tGqdf kg{;Sg] c;/ – 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f !( ljZj g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df blIf0f clk|msL zflGtk|lqmofsf] cg'ej – of]u]z e§/fO{ @@ 8fOgfdfO6 / zflGt k'/:sf/ – sf]dn e§/fO{ @% Pl;ofnL o'jf ljBfyL{ dxflwj]zg – /ljg cof{n @& 36gf ljz]if lj|l6z uf]vf{ ;}lgssf] cfGbf]ng – x]d/fh /fO{ @* s[lt ;dLIff Oltxf; bzf{pg] s[lt – j]b'/fd e';fn #! dhb'/ #$ >d If]qsf s]xL HjnGt d'2fx¿ – k]|dns'df/ vgfn #@ lrgf/L ;ª\3if{zLn ofqf– sdnf k/fh'nL #$ cg'ej s'zn ;ª\u7s – b]j]Gb| l3ld/] #) jflif{sf]T;j÷Oltxf; …gjo'uÚ yfngLsf] ;do–;Gbe{– 8L=kL= clwsf/L #* lhNnf g]t[Tj j]bk|;fb kf]v/]n – pHHjn kxf8L #( clwj]zg $! k]|/s–36gf kms]{/ x]bf{ …afx|a'“b]Ú ;dembf/L – dfwjs'df/ g]kfn $@ ;DkfbsLo kf6L{ k'gMu7gsf nflu ax;df h'6f}“ kf6L{leq j}rfl/s, ;ª\u7gfTds tyf sfo{z}nLut If]qdf k'gMu7gsf] p2]Zosf ;fy g]skf -Pdfn]_n] cfkm\gf] cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg ug]{ of]hgf / sfo{tflnsf ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf] 5 . s]xL ;docufl8 ;DkGg /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfn] dxflwj]zgsf] j}rfl/s tyf ;ª\u7gfTds gof“ / pGgt cfwf/nfO{ Psdtsf ;fy cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] k[i7e"lddf s] s'/f eGg ;lsG5 eg] cfO/x]sf] dxflwj]zg g]skf -Pdfn]_sf nflu j}rfl/s / ;ª\u7gfTds ¿kdf gof“ prfO k|fKt ug]{ dxflwj]zg x'g] 5 . of] dxflwj]zgsf] ;kmntf s]jn g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] hLjgsf nflu dfq xf]Og, cltjfb / To;n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] c/fhstfk"0f{ lqmofsnfk tyf oyfl:yltjfbL lrGtg / Jojxf/sf lj?4 gjLg ljrf/sf] gof“ :t/df hLt x'g]5 . lbuf] zflGt, cu|udg / nf]stGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ cleofgsf] hLt klg x'g]5 . clxn] dxflwj]zgsf] tof/Ldf h'6]sf] g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] kª\lQmn] k'gMu7gsf] s'/f ul//x“bf s] s'/fnfO{ a'lem/x]sf] 5 < cyjf s] s'/fnfO{ a'em\g'k5{ < hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] cfdsfo{lbzfaf6 lgb]{lzt eO{ cl3 al9/x“bf To;sf ;fj{ef}d kIf / sfnftLt eO;s]sf kIfnfO{ 5'6\ofpg ;Sg'kb{5 . qmflGtnfO{ Pp6f lg/Gt/sf] k|lqmofdf a'em\g', Jofks hgtfsf] ;ª\ul7t zlQmsf] kl/rfngdf qmflGtnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] ;DkGg ug{ nflu/xg', ;dfhsf] ax'ntfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{nfO{ /fhgLlts Jojxf/sf] cleGg / ckl/xfo{ tŒj dfGg', ;+ljwfgsf] ;jf]{Rrtf, ljlwsf] zf;g, dfgj clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{ / ;fdflhs Gofosf nflu lg/Gt/ cu|ufdL sfo{qmdsf ;fy cufl8 al9/xg' hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf ;fj{ef}d kIfx¿ x'g\ . oL xfdLnfO{ ;w}“ dfu{lgb]{lzt ul//xg] ljifo x'g\ . hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfb cf}krfl/s ¿kdf ;"qLs[t eO/x“bf / o;sf] ;a}eGbf cu'jf k|jQmf ag]/ JofVof ul//x“bf hgg]tf dbg e08f/Laf6 ;fj{sflns dxŒjsf ;}4flGts ljifosf ;fy} tTsfnLg dxŒjsf sltko ljifox¿ klg p7fOPsf 5g\ . t/, tLdWo] sltko dfly k|f;fª\lus k|sfz kg{ g;Sbf, ;d'lrt JofVof x'g g;Sbf / sltko hahsf] dfGotfsf z[ª\vnfdf uf“l;g g;Sbf, p7\g g;Sbf / vf;u/L ;fª\u7lgs cEof;nfO{ tbg'¿k l;4fGt–lgb]{lzt agfpg g;Sbf ;d:ofx¿ yk hl6n aGb} hfg] l:ylt klg o;aLr cfOgnfu]sf xf]Ogg\ . ldl>t kl/0ffd klg k|s6 ePsf 5g\ / To;sf ax'cfoflds c;/x¿ klg k|s6 ePsf 5g\ . jf:tjdf o;aLr, ljut !% jif{, xfdLx¿n] cfkm\g} cEof;x¿nfO{ kms]{/ x]g]{, ;dLIff ug]{ sfd /fd|/L ug{ ;s]gf}“, u/]gf}“ . cfkm"n] lnPsf ljrf/nfO{ ultdf a'em\g] / ;d[4 agfpg] sfddf cfkm"nfO{ /fd|/L nufpg ;s]gf}“, nufPgf}“ . hahn] cfkm\gf k|f/lDes lbgdf p7fPsf cToGt cu|ufdL ljifox¿df cfkm"nfO{ s]lGb|t ug]]{ / ltgnfO{ ;d[4 agfpg] s'/fdf nfUg ;s]gf}“ . tTsfnLg /fhgLltsf] hf]836fpm ub}{ cfTds]lGb| t eP/ ljZn]if0f ul//x\of}“ . cWoog / cEof;af6 dfu{bz{g ug]{ elgPsf] ljrf/sf] lg/Gt/ ;d[l4 / Tof] ;d[4 ljrf/af6 lgb]{lzt eO/xg'kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ /fd|/L b]Vg ;s]gf}“, a'em\g ;s]gf}“ . oL sfdaf6 cnu ePkl5 ;Qf cf};/jfbaf6 cfqmfGt x'g] s'/f :jfefljs lyof], w]/} xb;Dd eof] klg To:t} . clg h] eof], ToxL b]lv“b} klg uof] . To;} cg';f/sf kl/0ffd b]vf kb}{ klg uP . lg/Gt/sf] of] l:yltn] Pdfn]nfO{ sdhf]/ agfp“b} n}hfg' :jfefljs lyof] . ut ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffddf of] l:ylt v'n]/ b]vf k/]sf] s'/f :jod\ g]t[Tjn] klg :jLsf/ ug{ k'Uof] . o:tf] cj:yfdf g]skf -Pdfn]_nfO{ k'gMu7g ug}{kg]{ cfjZostfsf] 3f]if0ff :jod\ g]t[Tjn] u¥of]]] . ljrf/wf/fTds, ;ª\u7gfTds / z}nLut If]qdf g]skf -Pdfn]_ k'gMul7t x'g}k5{ . t/, of] dxfg\ k'gMu7gsf] Jojl:yt k|:tfj / To;sf] cf}krfl/s 3f]if0ff cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf] /fli6«o d~raf6 b]z tyf k|jf;df sfo{/t ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ ;b:ox¿nfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{ dxflwj]zgsf k| ltlglwx¿n] ug]{5g\ . jf:tjdf cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg kf6L{ k'gMu7gsf] cf}krfl/s, dxŒjk"0f{ / P]ltxfl;s cj;/ aGg]5 . dxflwj]zgsf] cf}krfl/s tof/Ldf h'l6/x]sf] g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] kª\lQm kf6L{{ k'gMu7gsf] dxfg\ ljifosf] ax;df ;lqmotfsf ;fy ;xefuL x'g' cfjZos 5 . cfdsfo{stf{x¿sf] ;lqmo / ;r]tgtfk"0f{ ;+nUgtfn] dfq kf6L{ k'gMu7gsf] 3f]lift p2]Zon] ;fsf/ ¿k lng ;S5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] k'gMul7t ljrf/, k'gMul7t ;ª\u7g / k'gMul7t sfo{z}nL s:tf] x'g'k5{, 5nkmn / ax;sf] ljifo oxL x'g'kb{5 . of] ax; slt uDeL/tfsf ;fy ;~rflnt x'G5, of] ax;df kf6L{sf cfdsfo{stf{x¿ slt dxŒjsf ;fy ;l/s x'G5g\, slt ;fy{s / ;sf/fTds lgisif{sf nflu l;ª\uf] kf6L{ o;df ;+nUg x'G5, o;} cfwf/df g]skf -Pdfn]_n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] kf6L{sf] Jofks k'gMu7gn] 7f]; tyf pknlAwk"0f{ kl/0ffd lbg;S5 . kf6L{ k'gMu7gsf] ax;df l;ª\uf] Pdfn] kª\lQm h'6\g}k5{ . g]tfx¿sf] pb\3f]ifdf cfzfsf] ;Gb]z ;DkfbsHo", kf6L{sf] /fhgLlts d'vkq ePsfn] …gjo'uÚsf u|fxsx¿ clwsf+z ¿kdf kf6L{ sfo{stf{, z'elrGts, ;dy{s / kf6L{ ;b:ox¿ g} /x]sf 5g\ . kf6L{sf] ljrf/;“u c;xdt x'g]x¿ sd}n] …gjo'uÚ k|fKt ug]{ / k9\g] ubf{ xf]nfg\ . d}n] lgoldt ¿kdf o;sf] cWoog ul//x]sf] 5' . xfn;Dd k|foM kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s ljrf/, gLlt, sfo{qmd / ;fª\u7lgs ultljlw;“u ;DalGwt n]v, /rgf / ;dfrf/ k9\g kfOg] u/]sf] 5 . c;f]h cª\sdf …;ª\3if{sf] csf]{ gfd M uf]kfn zfSoÚ zLif{ssf] lrgf/L k|sflzt ePsf] /x]5 . uf]kfn zfSosf] ;du| /fhgLlt–ofqf k9]/ ddf pT;fx / ;fx; ylkPsf] cg'e"lt ePsf] 5 . To;n] zfSosf] qmflGtsf/L 5lj / ljut cg'ejnfO{ sb/ dfq u/]sf] 5}g, dh:tf w]/} sfo{stf{nfO{ k]|/0ff ;d]t k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf zfSoh:tf pbfx/0fLo JolQmTjsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . l;4fGt / Jojxf/nfO{ tfnd]n u/]/ nfdf] ;ª\3if{zLn hLjg latfPsf qmflGtsf/L JolQmTjsf] d"Nofª\sg l;ª\uf] kf6L{ / gof“ lk“9Ln] ug'{kb{5 . o;} ;Gbe{df pxf“nfO{ xfd|f] kf6L{n] o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqLsf] lhDd]jf/L k|bfg u/]sfdf ;j{q ;xL d"Nofª\sg ePsf] k|ltlqmof kfOG5 . o;}u/L, cGo cu|h g]tfx¿sf] ;xL / :ki6 /fhgLlts / JolQmut hLjgL qmdzM k|sflzt ug'{ /fd|f] x'g]5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf kf6L{sf] s]Gb|b]lv lhNnf / ufp“ tx;Dd lqmofzLn g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿n] ;d]t lgM:jfy{ Tofu / lgi7fk"0f{ lqmofzLntfsf] k| bz{g ug{ g;s]sf] b]lvof] . h'g;'s} JolQmdf ;f+;b / dGqL aGg] cfsfª\Iff /x]sf] b]lvof] . oxL sf/0f kf6L{n] 7"nf] gf]S;fg a]xf]g'{k¥of] . o; k|sf/sf] unt lrGtg, Jojxf/ / k|j[lQn] ubf{ kf6L{n] csNkgLo wSsf;d]t vfg'k¥of] . ca kf6L{sf] ljs[ltsf] d"n ;kmf ug]{ u0f]z–k|j[lQ / lzj–kfj{tL k|j[lQh:tf lj;ª\ultx¿nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ tyf b08 / k'/:sf/sf] k4lt sfod ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . xfn}sf] /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfdfkm{t g]tfaf6 hgpb\3f]if eof], To;n] ;j{q cfzfsf] ;Gb]z k|jfx ePsf] 5 . /, kf6L{ k'gM g]kfnL hgtfdfem Pp6f ;zQm /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] x}l;otdf k'gM :yflkt x'g] ljZjf; a9fPsf] 5 . Pdfn]n] clVtof/ u/]sf] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] l;4fGt, sfo{gLlt / sfo{lbzfnfO{ pu| jfdkGyL lrGtgaf6 u|:t eO{ …hgo'4Údf e8\lsPsf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] klg k5\ofp“b} cufl8 a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . o; kl/k]|Iodf p;sf unt lrGtg / Jojxf/sf] cfnf]rgf / v08g u/L ;Rofpg nufpg' / ;xsfo{ tyf ;xdltsf] dfWodaf6 cufl8 a9\g' ckl/xfo{ 5 . To;f] ug{ ;Sbf g} kl/jt{gsfdL g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf k"/f ug{ ;lsg]5 . – 6f]kaxfb'/ cf]nL vf/fafª, ?s'd /fd|f] nfUof] kl5Nnf] ;dodf k|sflzt g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] s]Gb|Lo /fhgLlts klqsf … gjo'uÚsf] :t/Lotfdf s'g} vf]6 nufpg] 7fp“ 5}g . …gjo'uÚdf k|sflzt ;dfrf/ ;fdu|Lb]lv lnP/ o;sf] cfj/0f Pjd\ leqL ;fh;Hhfdf :t/Lotf / u'0f:t/Lotf j[l4 x'“b} uO/x]sf] d}n] dx;'; u/]sf] 5' . Tolt dfq xf]Og, k|sfzgsf] ;do– lg/Gt/tfsf b[li6n] klg klqsf tndfly ePsf] 5}g . sflQs cª\s klg ;dodf g} k9\g] df}sf kfP“ . d"ntM ljrf/k|wfg klqsf x'gfn] tL ;fdu|Lsf] 5'§} dxTj 5“b}5 t/ To; cª\sdf k|sflzt …;Dks{ d~rx¿sf] gof“ g]t[TjÚ zLif{s cGtu{tsf] ;dfrf/d"ns ;fdu|Ln] d]/f y'k|} lh1f;fx¿ d]6\g] sfd u/]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] Pp6f 7"nf] /fhgLlts bnsf] k|sfzg ePsf] lx;fan] …gjo'uÚdf k| sflzt ;fdu|Ln] d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts oyfy{ / lbzf a'em\g d2t ug]{ s'/fdf zª\sf 5}g . To; lx;fan] klg /fhgLltk|lt em'sfj jf rf;f] /fVg] hf]–sf]xL JolQmnfO{ o; klqsfn] cfslif{t u/]s} 5 . Tof] eGbf klg Pp6f kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s j}rfl/s klqsf ePsfn] g]skf -Pdfn]_s} ;b:o, ;dy{s / z'e]R5's o;sf lk|o kf7s ag]sf 5g\ . kf6L{sf ;b:o, ;dy{s / z'e]R5'sx¿df kf6L{sf ljleGg ;fª\u7lgs ; +/rgfdf ePsf x]/km]/af/] a9\bf] rf;f] x'g' :jfefljs xf] . Tof] rf;f] ddf klg lyof] . kl5Nnf] ;dodf kf6L{sf lhNnf ;Dks{ d~rx¿df ePsf] k'gMu7gsf] ljj/0f ;ª\sng u/]/ h;/L ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L 5flkPsf] 5, To;n] dh:tf xhf/f}“ kf7ssf] rf;f]nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 kf6L{sf] alnof] ;fª\u7lgs ; +/rgf af]s]sf] ;Dks{ d~rx¿df cfPsf] gof“ g]t[Tjaf/] kl/lrt x'g] cj;/ ldn]sf] 5 . o:tf ;fdu|Ln] tL ;fª\u7lgs ;+/rgfdf klqsfsf] kf7s ;ª\Vof a9fpg klg cem w]/} clek]|l/t u5{g\ . &! lhNnfsf ;Dks{ d~rx¿dWo] ^) lhNnfsf] gof“ g]t[Tjaf/] hfgsf/L kfOof] . af“sL !! lhNnfsf af/]df / d~rsf] u7g g} gePsfx¿ rf/ lhNnfsf] klg hfgsf/L …gjo'uÚn] cfufdL lbgdf lbPb]lv emg} cfef/L x'g] lyP“ . cfufdL lbgdf …gjo'uÚsf] :t/LotfnfO{ hLljt /fVg / ;do;fk]If cem u'0f:t/Lo agfpg k|sfzg kIfn] ;+j]bgzLn eP/ ;f]Rg] g} 5 . t/, klqsfsf] hLjGttf Toltn] dfq ;fy{s /x“b}g . kf6L{sf ;Dk"0f{ ;fª\u7lgs lgsfon] cf– cfkm\gf] tx / If]qdf o; klqsfsf] kf7s lj:tf/df nfUg' h?/L 5 . To;df klg kf6L{sf] lhNnf / s]Gb|aLr ;]t'sf] sfd ug]{ lhNnf ;Dks{ d~rx¿sf] e"ldsf emg\ dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . To;}n] d~rx¿n] klg …gjo'uÚsf] kf7s ;ª\Vof j[l4sf nflu cleofg g} ;~rfng u/]/ cfkm\gf] sfo{stf{ kª\lQmnfO{ ljrf/sf] If]qdf klg cem ;zQm agfpglt/ Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 . – ldng s];L, l;Gw'nL gof“ Oltxf; lgdf{0fsf] sfnv08  gf/fo0f u'?ª g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] /fhgLlts klqsf …gjo'uÚsf] sflQs cª\s;Dddf k|sflzt ljleGg kf7\o;fdu|Ln] g]kfnL /fhgLlts Oltxf;df g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] b[li6sf]0f, uGtJo tyf nIonfO{ hg;d"xdf :ki6 /fv]/ dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cu|ufdL kl/jt{g, /fHosf] efjL k'gM;+/rgf ;DaGwdf k|:t't ePsf ljrf/x¿ uxg 5g\ . cfly{s, s"6gLlts, efiff, ;flxTo, bz{gnufot dfgjLo hLjgsf j}rfl/s w/ftndf k|fl1s v'/fssf ¿kdf cd"No of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gnfO{ ljZj ;d'bfon] cgf}7f] dfg]sf] 5 egL /fhg]tfx¿ efif0f u5{g\ . @ ;o $) jif{;Dd g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ zf]if0f u/L cGwsf/df /fVg] ;fdGtL lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqnfO{ ;dfKt u/L @)^% h]7 !% ut]sf] Joj:yflksf–;+;b\åf/f 3f]lift u0ftGqn] g]kfnLx¿sf] 3/ cf“ugdf / dgdl:tisdf ;'gf}nf] laxfgLsf] ls/0f ag]sf] 5 . g]kfnL /fhgLlts j[Qdf JofKt nfdf] ;dob]lv ;}Goan / wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts 5nåf/f zf;g ul//x]sf] ;fdGtL lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqnfO{ /QmkftljxLg ;xh ¿kdf lj:yflkt u/L u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ug] { sfo{, g]kfnL /fhgLlts tyf ljZj Oltxf;df cgf}7f] 36gf x'g;S5 . Toqf] kl/jt{gsfdL zlQmnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{df k|of]u x'g] ;/sf/L ;+oGqsf] dfgl;stf, /fhgLlts g]t[Tjsf] dfgl;stf, cfly{s cj;/sf] ;+/rgf / ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ :jf:Yo, lzIff, ;'/Iff / ;fdflhs ;b\efj sfod ug]{ jftfj/0f sfod ug{ g;s]sf] jf:tljstfnfO{ klg cgf}7f] dfGg ;lsG5 . Joj:yflksf–;+;b\;dIf k| wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfnåf/f ;/sf/n] hgtfnfO{ k|Tofe"t x'g] s'g} klg kl/jt{g ug{ g;s]sf] :jLsf/f]lQm emg\ cfZro{ nfUg] 36gf xf] . g]kfnLx¿ cfZro{ dfg]/} lg/fz x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . cfGbf]ngsf] andf qmflGtsf/L 9ª\udf ;/sf/df k'u]sf k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfnn] olt rf“8} xf/ dfGnfg\ eGg] nfu]sf] lyPg . /fhgLlts pQ/bfloTj ePg eg] /fi6«nfO{ g} xflg k'¥ofp“5 . cfkm\gf] tTsfnLg :jfy{k"lt{sf nflu /fhgLltdf em"6 af]lnG5 eg] åGå Joj:yfkg x'g'sf] ;§f åGå rls{P/ u[xo'4sf] e"d/Ldf kg]{ vt/f /xG5 . g]kfn k|fs[lts, hflt, efiff, ;+:s[lt / h}ljs ¿kdf ljljwtf ePsf] d'n's xf] . oxf“sf] ef}uf]lns ljljwtf ;'Gb/ 5 . ljleGg If]qdf ljleGg hfthflt, hghflt, efiff / ; +:s[lt 5g\ . g]kfnsf k|d'v ;d:of / ;Defjgf eg]sf] ljljwtfdf Pstf xf] . /fi6«nfO{ Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfa4 ug{sf nflu /fHoaf6 ;a} gful/sx¿sf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf -uf“;, af; / skf;sf nflu_ /f]huf/, zflGt;'/Iff, :jf:Yo, lzIff / ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs ;b\efj sfod ug{ ;Sg] ;a}nfO{ ;d]l6g] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] g]t[Tjnufot P]gsfg'g, gLlt, lgod / /0fgLltsf] l;h{gf u/L /fHo ;+oGqdf ;a}nfO{ Gofok"0f{ 9ª\udf ;dfj]z u/L b]znfO{ cu|ufdL ljsf;sf] af6f]df nfgsf nflu ;xdltdf /fhgLlts jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos 5 . lglZrt sfg'gL /fHosf] ; +oGq / ;+/rgf geP;Dd d'n'sdf :yfloTj x'“b}g, :yfloTj geP;Dd sfg'gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ff k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . o;sf nflu b]zsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sfo{df ult k|bfg ug{sf nflu …gjo'uÚn] ;zQm j}rfl/s v'/fs kl:sg'k5{ . g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kmf“6df jt{dfg cj:yfnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] c/fhs / b08xLgtf k|r'/ dfqfdf xfjL 5 . c/fhs l:ylt eg]sf] /fi6«sf] bL3{hLjgsf nflu k| f0f3fts /f]u xf] . JolQm, u'6, bn, ;Dk|bfo, If]q, ju{eGbf dfly p7]/ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnsf] lxtdf /fhgLlts ljrf/nfO{ p7fP/ g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf] efjgf phfu/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . jt{dfg /fhgLltsf] kl/0ffd ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] ;fdfGo b'3{6gf x'“bf klg aGb, x8tfn, s'6lk6, n'6kf6, cfuhgL / ljleGg cfk/flws lqmofsnfkn] c/fhs kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f u/L ;ª\sL0f{ ;fDk|bflos ;b\efjdf cf“r k'¥ofpg ;Sg] l:ylt /x]sf] 5 . s]xL jif{sf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;Demg] xf] eg] 8/nfUbf] l:ylt 5 . lglZrt /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts Joj:yf sfod u/L sfg'gL /fHosf] :yfkgf ug{ ;ls/fv]sf] 5}g . h;n] h] u/] klg 5"6 5 . g]kfndf o:t} xf] eg] …h'g cfP klg sfg} lr/]sfÚ eGg] lg/fzjfbL ;+:s[lt lgdf{0f eP/ hgtfdf lg/fzf 5fpg] lglZrt 5 . gful/sn] /fi6«k|lt /fv]sf] gsf/fTds ;f]r /fi6«nfO{ 3fts x'G5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k g]kfnL gful/snfO{ cfkm\g} ;/sf/k|lt, /fHok|lt / cfkm}“k|lt ljZjf; 5}g . eljiosf s0f{wf/ o'jfo'jtL / ;Ifd hgzlQm ljb]zsf] d? e"ld / o'4If]qdf ef}“tfl/P/ cdof{lbt, cdfgjLo / gf/sLo hLjg JotLt ug{sf nflu afWo kfl/Psf 5g\ . s}of}“ r]nLx¿sf] cl:dtf n'l6Psf] 5, l;Gb"/ k'l5Psf] 5, cfdfx¿sf sfv l/lQPsf 5g\ / k|ltef knfog ePsf 5g\, b]zdf s';+:sf/ lelqPsf] 5 t/ ;/sf/ eg] /ldt] ag]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf cflbjf;L hghflt, dlxnf, blnt, dw];L, lk5l8Psf] ju{ / ckfª\ux¿n] b]z cfkm\gf] dfg] klg /fHo pgLx¿sf] xf] eGg] dfg]sf 5}gg\, sf/0f To;sf] cg'e"ltsf nflu /fHo;“u s'g} gLlt–lgod 5}g . /fHo ul/a, czQm / lk5l8Psf] x'“bf] xf] t /fHon] gful/snfO{ k|fKt x'g] df}lns xs clwsf/ :yflkt ul/lbg] lyof] . cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ x'g] cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ lyof] . pgLx¿sf] /f]u, ef]s / cefjk|lt /fHo lrlGtt x'g'kYof]{ . czflGtdf lklN;Psf gful/snfO{ s7} eGg' kYof]{ t/ Totfkl§ Wofg uPsf] kfO“b}g . ;dfh / /fhgLlt k/Dk/fjfbL oyfl:yltaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] kl/l:yltnfO{ lrg{ …gjo'uÚn] j}rfl/s qmflGtsf] pb\3f]if ug'{k5{ . hgtfdf lg/fzfjfbL cg'e"lt lsg eO/x]sf] 5 t < cfhsf] d"ne"t /fhgLlts ;jfn of] klg x'g;S5 . /fhgLltnfO{ lauf/ ug]{ tŒj oyfl:yltjfbL lrGtg af]s]sf zlQm / pu| jfbL lrGtg af]s]sf / ;fdGtjfbL zlQmnfO{ k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ ljrf/x¿ x'g\ egL eGg'kg]{ x'G5 . logLx¿n] ;QfnfO{ ;To dfg]sf 5g\ . u}/lhDd]jf/L k|j[lQn] l;lh{t ug]{ kl/0ffd unt g} x'G5g\ . zflGtsf nflu zflGtk"0f{ Jojxf/ g} rflxG5 . cfk/flws lu/f]xnfO{ /fhgLlts ;+/If0f lbP/ zflGtk"0f{ jftfj/0f sfod x'“b}g . c;n / v/fa 5'6\ofpg ;Sg'k5{ . :jtGqtf, k|hftGq / dfgjLo d"Nodf cfwfl/t ax'bnLo hgjfbsf d"No / dfGotfnfO{ lj;h{g u¥of] eg] Toxf“ s]jn c/fhs, ;j{;Qfjfb, pu| jfb, ;fdGtjfb / :jfy{jfb dfq af“sL /xG5 . cfkm\gf] :jfy{k"lt{sf nflu k|fKt x'g g;Sg] dgf]ut / JolQmut ljifonfO{ ;g;gLk"0f{ 9ª\udf p7fp“b}df s'g} klg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'“b}g . unt sfdsf] kl/0ffd unt ePh:t} ;g;gLk"0f{ lqmofsnfksf] kl/0ffd klg To:t} x'G5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_n] p7fPsf] j}rfl/s w/ftn, ax'bnLo hgjfb, cfkm\gf] ufp“ cfkm}“ agfcf}“, ckx]lnt / c;xfonfO{ lbPsf] /fxt, :yfgLo lgsfodf u/]sf] ah]6 ljlgof]hgb]lv …gjo'uÚdf k|:t't ePsf /fHo k'gM;+/rgfsf ljrf/, lzIff, :jf:Yo / ; +ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofaf/]sf cfn]v clt /fd|f 5g\ . …gjo'uÚn] eljiodf klg o:t} v'/fs kl:s/xf];\ eGg] sfdgf ub{5' . -u'?ª, lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf /fhgLltzf:qsf ;xk|fWofks x'g'x'G5 ._ Pstfa4 eO{ cf7f}“ dxflwj]zgsf] eJo tof/L u/f}“  emngfy vgfn kf6L{sf sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s kqmf}“ † cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg ;kmn kfg{ Pstfa4 eP/ cl3 a9f}“ †† xfdLn] ev{/} dfq kf6L{sf] /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nf ;DkGg u¥of}“ . o;cl3 xfdLn] @)^@ ;fnsf] sflQsdf /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nf u/]sf lyof}“ . To;a]nf xfdLx¿ /fhtGqlj/f]wL ;ª\3if{df cl3 a9\b} lyof}“ . Tof] e]nfn] l;ª\uf] kf6L{nfO{ Pstfa4 agfpg / /fhGqlj/f]wL ;ª\3if{nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L ¿kn] cl3 a9fpg dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg u/]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 tLg jif{ lat]sf] 5 . of] tLg jif{kl5 d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts l:yltdf 7"nf] kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . hgtfsf] /fhtGqlj/f]wL jL/tfk"0f{ ;ª\3if{ ce"tk"j{ ¿kn] ljsl;t eof] / ;g\ @))^ sf] clk|ndf k'Ubf To;n] zflGtk"0f{ hgqmflGtsf] ¿k lng k'Uof] . hgtfsf] Tof] qmflGtsf/L ;ª\3if{n] d'n'sdf 7"nf] kl/jt{gsf] k|jfx ;'? u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhaf6 /fhtGqnfO{ ;bfsf lglDt ;dfKt kfl/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ /fhtGqfTds ;fdGtL zf;g Joj:yfaf6 ;bfsf lglDt d'Qm ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] /fHo;Qfaf6 ;fdGt ju{sf] g]t[Tj klg ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . b]zdf ; +ljwfg;efsf] P]ltxfl;s lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . hgfb]zs} kl/0ffd:j¿k jfkdGyLx¿sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] 5 . d'n'sn] 1fg]Gb| tfgfzfxLsf] cftª\saf6 dfq xf]Og, dfcf]jfbL lx+;f / /Qmkftaf6 klg d'lQm kfpg] cfwf/ tof/ x'“b} uPsf] 5 . zflGtk|lqmof cl3 a9\b}5 / To;nfO{ k"0f{tfdf k'¥ofpg] clGtd k|oTg eO/x]sf] 5 . /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf ug]{ sfd klg qmdzM cl3 a9\b}5 . d'n'ssf] ;fdflhs–cfly{s 9f“rfdf Jofks kl/jt{g ug]{ cfwf/x¿ tof/ x'“b}5g\ / gof“ nf]stflGqs :f+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug] { lbzfdf xfdLx¿ cl3 a9\b}5f}“ . o;/L d'n's cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf] k|jfxdf cl3 a9\b}5 eg] Tof] k|jfxnfO{ ;xL lbzfdf xf“Sg'kg]{ xfd|f] kf6L{ eg] ;+ljwf;efsf] lgjf{Rfgdf cfOk'Ubf Pp6f uDeL/ wSsf vfg] cj:yfdf k'Uof] . Tof] wSsf xfd|f] kf6L{sf lglDt Pp6f 7"nf] ;as / r'gf}tL klg lyof] . xfdLn] To; wSsfsf] uDeL/ ljZn]if0f ug'{, To;af6 lzIff lng' / gof“ w/ftnaf6 cl3 a9\g' h?/L lyof] . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] !*cf}“ a}7sn] Tof] ;dLIff sfo{nfO{ cl3 a9fof] . !(cf}“ a}7sn] kf6L{ g]t[Tjdf kl/jt{g u¥of] / s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] @)cf}“ a}7ssf ;fd' d'n'sdf cfPsf kl/jt{gx¿sf] ;du| d"Nofª\sg / ljZn]if0f ub}{ kf6L{sf sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtnfO{ cem k|:6 ¿kn] ;"qa4 ug'{kg] { lhDd]jf/L lyof] . lsgeg], g]kfnL ;dfhdf k|wfg /fhgLlts cGt/lj/f]w ablnPsf] lyof] . k|wfg zq' jf lg;fgfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] /fhtGq klg ;dfKt ePsf] lyof] . xfdLn] !( df3b]lv clVtof/ ub{} cfPsf] kf6L{sf] sfo{gLlts sfo{lbzf klg c;fGble{s alg;s]sf] lyof] . tL s'/fx¿n] l;ª\uf] kf6L{ kª\lQmsf ;fd' k|Zg pl7/x]sf lyP . ca g]kfnL ;dfhsf] k|wfg /fhgLlts cGt/lj/f]w s] xf] < ca g]kfnL hgtfsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] d'Vo lg;fgf s] x'g'k5{ < /, casf] cj:yfdf kf6L{sf] sfo{gLlts sfo{lbzf s] xf] < oL k|Zgx¿sf] ;6Ls hjfkm glbO{ kf6L{ cl3 a9\g ;Sb}Gf lyof] . t/, xfdLn] !(cf}“ a}7skl5 klg /fli6«o /fhgLltnfO{ lgsf; lbgsf lglDt s]xL ;do;Dd nfUg'k¥of] . To;n] ubf{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7s ;dod} cfof]hgf ug{ ;lsPg . kl/0ffd:j¿k kf6L{df Ps k|sf/sf] cGof]n a9\g yfn]sf] lyof] . t/, ha @)cf}“ a}7s cfof]hgf eof], To;n] d'n'sdf cfPsf kl/jt{gsf] uxg ¿kn] ljZn]if0f u¥of], k|wfg /fhgLlts cGt/lj/f]w / k|wfg lg;fgfnfO{ gof“ :t/af6 ls6fg ug]{ sfd u¥of], b]zsf] kl/jlt{t kl/l:ylt cg'¿k kf6L{sf] sfo{gLlts sfo{lbzfnfO{ ;"qa4 u¥of], kf6L{n] vfPsf] wSsfsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ kf6L{nfO{ k'gMu7g / kg'Mlgdf{0fsf] lbzfdf cl3 a9fpg] lgisif{ lgsfNof] / pQm a}7sn] ;du| ¿kddf g} kf6L{nfO{ Pp6f gof“ k|sfz lbof] . To;sf cfwf/df kf6L{nfO{ j}rfl/s / ;ª\u7gfTds ¿kn] ¿kfGt/0f ug'{ cToGt h?/L lyof] / 5 . ToxL k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] l;nl;nfdf g} xfdLn] /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfsf] ;d]t cfof]hgf u¥of}“ . Tof] e]nfn] kf6L{leq /x]sf] cGof]nnfO{ lrg{, kf6L{nfO{ Pp6f k|:6 lbzfaf]w u/fpg / Tof] lbzfsf cfwf/df l;ª\uf] kf6L{nfO{ Pstfa4 agfp“b} cl3 a9fpg dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg u/]sf] 5 . To; e]nfdf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ sd/]8x¿df h'g pT;fx / pdª\u b]vf k¥of], pxf“x¿ kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Laf6 k|:t't k| ltj]bgdflysf] 5nkmndf h'g nugsf ;fy ;xefuL aGg'eof], pxf“x¿n] cfkm\gf ;'emfj, ;Nnfx / cfnf]rgfdfkm{t h'g of]ubfg ug'{eof] / cGTodf Psdtn] k|ltj]bgnfO{ kfl/t ug'{eof], Tof] xfd|f] kf6L{ hLjgs} lglDt Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ 36gf xf] . To; a}7sn] g]t[Tj / kf6L{ kª\lQmnfO{ Ps} 7fp“ a;]/ kf6L{ / qmflGtsf af/]df cfTdLo ¿kn] 5nkmn ug]{ Pp6f cf};/ lbof] . To;n] ljrf/wf/fTds tyf /fhgLlts Pstf lgdf{0f ub}{ xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ k'gMu7g / k'gMlgdf{0fsf] lbzfdf /fli6«o ;ª\sNksf ;fy cl3 a9\g ;a}nfO{ Psu7 kf¥of] / To;n] xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zglt/ b[9tfk"j{s cl3 a9\g] lbzf lgb]{zg;d]t u¥of] . To;}n] xfdL s] eGg ;S5f}“ eg] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] @)cf}“ a}7s / /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nf olta]nf kf6L{ hLjgdf cfof]lht ePsf b'O{ dxŒjk"0f{ 36gfx¿ x'g\ . To;/L g} @)cf}“ a}7saf6 Psdtn] kfl/t /fhgLlts k|ltj]bg / /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfaf6 Psdtn] kfl/t /fhgLlts k| ltj]bgx¿ olta]nf kf6L{nfO{ dfu{bz{g ug]{ b'O{ dxŒjk"0f{ b:tfj]h klg aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . k|ydtM oL b:tfj]hx¿n] jt{dfg ljZj kl/l:yltsf af/]df klg ljZn]if0f u/]sf 5g\ . tL b:tfj]hx¿n] ljZj k'“hLjfbdf b]vfkl//x]sf] ljQLo ;ª\s6sf af/]df ljZn]if0f u/]sf 5g\ . k'“hLjfbn] ljZj hgtfsf ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;St}g / cGttM ;dfhjfb g} ljZjel/sf hgtf / /fi6«x¿sf] uGtJo xf] / Toxf“ gk'uL dfgj hfltn] jf:tljs k|ult ug{ ;Qm}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ k|ltj]bgx¿n] k|:6 kf/]sf 5g\ . bf];|f], tL b:tfj]hx¿n] g]kfnL ;dfhdf zflGtk"0f{ hgqmflGtsf] k|lqmofdfkm{t cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf af/]df ;xL ljZn]if0f u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf k|wfg /fhgLlts cGt/lj/f]wdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g, g]kfnL nf]stflGqs qmflGtsf] lg;fgfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g, g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;fdGt ju{sf] e"ldsfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g / ;j{xf/f >dhLjL ju{sf sf“wdf ylkPsf gof“ bfloTjx¿sf ;DaGwdf uxg ljZn]if0fx¿ cl3 ;fl/Psf 5g\ . ltgLx¿n] g]kfnL ;dfhdf zflGtk"0f{ hgqmflGtn] NofPsf kl/jt{gx¿nfO{ a'em\g ;xh kf/]sf 5g\ . t];|f], g]kfnL ;dfhsf] j:t'ut l:yltdf cfPsf pk/f]Qm kl/jt{gsf ;fy;fy} oL b'O{ b:tfj]hx¿n] jt{dfg kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df kf6L{n] clVtof/ ug'{kg] { sfo{gLlts sfo{lbzfnfO{ klg k|:6 ¿kn] ;"qa4 u/]sf 5g\ / pQm sfo{lbzfn] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] k|wfg cGt/lj/f]w, k|wfg lg;fgf, d'Vo sfo{gLlts nIo, d'Vo sfo{gLlts gf/f, ;ª\3if{sf] k|d'v ¿k, of] ;ª\3if{df nfUg] k|d'v zlQm / ;xfos zlQmx¿sf af/]df klg 5n{ª\u kf/]sf] 5 . To;n] clxn]sf] 7f]; cj:yfdf kf6L{ sfdsf] lbzfnfO{ k|:6 kf/]sf] 5 / xfd|f;fd' 5fPsf ljleGg k|sf/sf cGof]nx¿ lrg]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . xfdLn] kf6L{sf] sfo{lbzfnfO{ ;dfP/ kf6L{ sfdnfO{ rf}tkmL{ ¿kn] cl3 a9fpg b[9 x'g'k5{ . rf}yf], of] sfo{gLlts sfo{lbzfs} k|sfzdf kf6L{n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{Rfgdf vfPsf] wSsfsf af/]df klg ljZn]if0f / ;dLIff u/]sf] 5 . Tof] lgjf{Rfgdf wSsf vfg'sf k5fl8 w]/} sf/0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . tfTsflns / bL3{sfnLg sf/0fx¿ klg 5g\ . cfGtl/s / aflx/L sf/0fx¿ klg 5g\ . sltko lgjf{rg If]qdf aflx/L cfqmd0f, lx+;f, u'08fubL{, /Qmkfth:tf sf/0fx¿ a9L k|efjsf/L /x]sf b]lvG5g\ . t/, ;du| l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ eg] kf6L{sf cfGtl/s sf/0fx¿ g} pk/f]Qm wSsf vfg'sf k|d'v / lg0ff{os sf/0fx¿ b]lvG5g\ . To;/L g} xfdLn] Tolt 7"nf] wSsf vfg'sfkl5 tTsfn b]vf k/]sf sf/0fx¿ eGbf kf6L{leq lgs} nfdf] ;dob]lv x'ls{+b} cfPsf unt lrGtg, Jojxf/ / sfo{z}nL g} k|d'v ¿kn] lhDd]jf/ /x]sf b]lvG5g\ . oL s'/fx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ g} kf6L{nfO{ gof“ w/ftnaf6 cl3 a9fpgsf lglDt xfdLn] k'gMu7g / k'gMlgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ af]w ug{ ;s]sf 5f}“ . pk/f]Qm b'O{ k|ltj]bgn] o; s'/fnfO{ klg k|:6 ¿kn] cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] o; s'/fnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s kqm]/ dfq wSsfnfO{ lrg{ / kf6L{nfO{ gof“ w/ftnaf6 cl3 a9fpg ;Dej x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ a'em\g'k5{ . kf“rf}“, pk/f]Qm k|ltj]bgx¿n] s] s'/fnfO{ klg k|:6 kf/]sf 5g\ eg] kf6L{nfO{ k'gMu7g / k'gMlgdf{0f ubf{ d'Vo ¿kn] tLgj6f If]qdf ug'{k5{ . klxnf], j}rfl/s /fhgLlts If]qdf, bf];|f], ;ª\u7gfTds If]qdf / t];|f] sfo{z}nLsf If]qdf . xfdLn] jf:tjdf xfd|f cjwf/0ff, b[li6sf]0f, gLlt / sfo{lbzfsf ljleGg kIfdf /x]sf unt s'/fx¿nfO{ ;Rofpg' k5{ / ;xL cjwf/0ff, b[li6sf]0f, gLlt / sfo{lbzfsf cfwf/df cfkm"nfO{ k'gMu7g ug'{k5{ . kf6L{ ;ª\u7gnfO{ klg kf6L{sf] sfo{lbzf cg'¿k 9fNg'k5{ / Pp6f r':tb'?:t kf6L{ ;ª\u7gsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . xfd|f sfo{z}nLdf x'ls{+b} cfPsf cg]sf}“ k|sf/sf unt lrGtg, Jojxf/ / sfo{k4ltx¿nfO{ xfdLn] ;Rofpg' k5{ / Pp6f hLjGt qmflGtsf/L sfo}z}nLsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . tj dfq kf6L{ / qmflGtsf sfdnfO{ ;xL 9ª\un] cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 . o;/L pk/f]Qm b'O{ k|ltj]bgn] kf6L{nfO{ k'gMu7g / k'gMlgdf{0f ug] {af/]df klg k|:6 lbzfaf]w u/fPsf 5g\ . 5}6f}“, o;/L kf6L{nfO{ k'gMu7g / k'gMlgdf{0fsf] lbzfdf cl3 a9fpg'sf ;fy;fy} xfdLn] cl3 a9fpg}kg]{ sfdsf tLgj6f d"n If]qx¿sf af/]df klg b'O{ b:tfj]hx¿n] k|:6 lbzfaf]w u/fPsf 5g\ . ltgLx¿dWo] klxnf] xf], kf6L{nfO{ gof“ :t/af6 lgdf{0f / ;~rfng ug]{, bf];|f] xf]– ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ ;';~rfng ug]{ / t];|f] xf]– ;+o'Qm ;/sf/nfO{ ;xL lbzfdf ;';~rfng ug]{ . kf6L{n] clVtof/ u/]sf] qmflGtsf/L sfo{lbzfsf cfwf/df oL tLgj6} If]qsf sfdnfO{ xfdLn] ;dGjofTds ¿kn] / k| efjsf/L 9ª\un] cl3 a9fpg'k5{ . oL tLgj6} If]qsf sfdx¿ ;xL 9ª\un] cl3 a9fP/ dfq g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ ;xL lbzfdf cl3 nfg ;lsG5 . o; s'/fnfO{ klg k|ltj]bgx¿n] k|:6 kf/]sf 5g\ . ;ftf}“, To;/L g} xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ju{b[li6sf]0fnfO{ cem wfl/nf] / k|:6 kfg]{ s'/fnfO{ klg b'j} k|ltj]bgx¿n] p7fPsf 5g\ . jf:tjdf kf6L{leq ljleGg ;jfnx¿nfO{ x]bf{ ju{ b[li6sf]0fnfO{ 5f8\g] jf sdhf]/ 9ª\un] lng] jf unt b[li6sf]0flt/ axlsg] k|j[lQx¿ klg k|s6 ePsf 5g\ . To;n] kf6L{ kª\lQmleq hfltjfb, If]qLotfjfb / s]xL xb;Dd ;fDk|bflostfjfbsf lrGtg / k|j[lQx¿ klg k|s6 x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . To:tf k|j[lQx¿n] kf6L{ ;ª\u7gsf] ju{b[li6sf]0fnfO{ dn'jf / e'Q] kfg]{ sfd u5{g\, To;af6 ljrlnt agfp“5g\ / kf6L{ sfo{stf{nfO{ kye| i6 kfg]{ sfd u5{g\ . xfdLn] kf6L{sf] ju{b[li6sf]0fnfO{ cem ulx/f] / k|:6 kfg'{k5{, hftLo, n}ª\lus, ;fdflhs, eflifs / If]qLo k|ZGfx¿nfO{ klg ju{b[li6sf]0fs} cfwf/df x]g'{k5{ / ;a} s'/fnfO{ dfS;{jfbL lj1fgsf cfwf/df ;dfwfg ub}{ cl3 a9\g'k5{ . k|ltj]bgn] of] s'/fnfO{ k|:6 kf/]sf] 5 . cf7f}“, xfd|f] kf6L{ g]kfnsf >dhLjL hgtfsf] kf6L{ xf] . o; kf6L{sf] hgfwf/ eg]sf] g} dhb'/, ls;fg / lgDg k'“hLklt ju{sf Jofks hg;d'bfo x'g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ hfu[t, ;ª\ul7t, Pstfa4 / kl/rflnt gu/L, tL hg;d'bfodfly cfwfl/t geO{ / pgLx¿dflysf] e/f];fnfO{ ulx/f] / c6n gagfO{ qmflGtsf] sfo{lbzffnO{ xf“Sg ;lsGg . t/, xfd|f] kf6L{ ljut s]xL ;dob]lv cfwf/e"t ju{sf hgtfaf6 dfly t}l/g yfn]sf] 5 . of] l:yltnfO{ t'?Gt /f]Sg'k5{ . kf6L{nfO{ of]hgfa4 ¿kn] ju{leq nfg'k5{, cfwf/e"t ju{leq kf6L{nfO{ lj:tf/ ug'{k5{ / pgLx¿sf aLrsf] sfdnfO{ g} klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ . ta dfq kf6L{sf] qmflGtsf/L hgfwf/ alnof] / ;'b[9 x'g;S5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ klg b'j} k|ltj]bgx¿n] uDeL/ ¿kdf cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ . of] cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . o; s'/fnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s Wofg glbO{ / g;RofO ljutsf] wSsfnfO{ klg /fd|/L lrg{ ;Dej x'“b}g . gjf}“, 7Ls To;/L g} xfd|f] kf6L{n] sfo{stf{ gLltnfO{ gof“ l:ylt cg'¿k ljsf; ug'{ h?/L 5 . ljut e"ldutsfndf xfdL a]Un} 9ª\un] sfd ub{Yof}“ . v'nf cj:yfdf cfPkl5 xfdL a]Un} 9ª\un] sfd ub}{5f}“ / ug'{k5{ . t/, h'g;'s} cj:yfdf sfd ubf{ klg kf6L{;“u of]Uo, sd{7 / alnbfgL sfo{stf{x¿sf] Pp6f Jofks kª\lQm tof/ gu/L kf6L{ sfd cl3 a9\g ;Qm}g . To;dfly klg k"0f{sflns sfo{stf{x¿sf] Pp6f ultzLn kª\lQm kf6L{ sfdsf lglDt clgjfo{ x'G5 . To;sf lglDt kf6L{;“u Pp6f k|:6 sfo{stf{ gLlt x'g'k5{ . Pp6f kf6L{ sfo{stf{n] ;b:otf lng], cfkm\gf] :t/ pGgt agfpg], kbf]Gglt k|fKt ug]{ / kf6L{af6 ;+/If0f k|fKt ug]{ s'/fsf] Uof/]G6L rfxG5 . To;nfO{ kf6L{n] ;Daf]wg ug}{k5{ . sfo{stf{sf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ eg]sf] sfo{stf{ gLltsf] ljsf; ug'{ g} xf] . kf6L{sf] of] cfjZostfnfO{ klg b'j} k|ltj]bgx¿n] dxŒjsf ;fy p7fPsf 5g\ . kf6L{nfO{ k'gMlgdf{0f ug{sf lglDt of] csf] { dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] . b;f}“, To;/L g} olta]nf xfd|f] kf6L{leq ljleGg vfn] unt ljrf/, lrGtg / k|j[lQx¿sf] af9L kl;/x]sf] 5 . Tof] af9LnfO{ /f]Sg], 5fglag ug]{ / j}rfl/s ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ xfd|f k|oTgx¿ sdhf]/ ag]sf 5g\ . To;n] ubf{ ljleGg tx / JolQmx¿dfkm{t kf6L{leq unt ljrf/, lrGtg / k| j[lQx¿n] lz/ p7fpg] l:ylt /x]sf] 5 . kf6L{leq p7\g] To:tf unt ljrf/ / k| j[lQx¿sf] rl/q ljZn]if0f ubf{ ltgLx¿ ;a}h;f] g} blIf0fkGyL rl/qsf b]lvG5g\ . xfdLn] kf6L{leq ulx/f] ljZn]if0f u/]gf}“ / ljrf/wf/fTds ¿kfGt/0fsf sfd ug{ ;s]gf}“ eg] kf6L{leq blIf0fkGyL e8\sfpn] 6fpsf] p7fpg] vt/f b]lvG5 . To; vt/fnfO{ ;dod} 6fNgsf lglDt xfdLn] kf6L{leq ;a} txdf ljrf/wf/fTds ;ª\3if{ / ¿kfGt/0fsf sfdnfO{ hf]8bf/ ¿kn] cl3 a9fpg' clgjfo{ 5 . k|ltj]bgx¿n] o; s'/fnfO{ klg k|:6 kf/]sf 5g\ . P3f/f}“, 7Ls To;/L g} olta]nf g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] ;du|tfnfO{ x]bf{ eg] pu|jfdkGyL e8\sfp d'Vo vt/fsf ¿kdf /lx/x]sf] 5 / Tof] pu| jfdkGyL e8\sfpsf] clxn] klg d'Vo ;|f]t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ g} /x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] tL pu|jfdkGyL e8\sfpx¿ s'g ;jfndf s;/L k|s6 eO/x]sf 5g\, ltgLx¿sf] ljzb vf]hL ug'{k5{, ltgLx¿nfO{ pb\3fl6t ug'{k5{ / ltgLx¿sf] v08g÷cfnf]rgf ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] dfcf]jfbLx¿sf lj?4 ;Qf];/fk ug]{, ufnLunf}h ug]{ tl/sfaf6 xf]Og, pgLx¿;“u zf/Ll/s ¿kn] le8\g hfg] tl/sfaf6 klg xf]Og, xfdLn] pgLx¿sf unt b[li6sf]0f, gLlt / ljrf/x¿sf] åGåjfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0fsf] w/ftnaf6 v08g ug'{k5{ / j}rfl/s–;}4flGts ;ª\3if{sf] Pp6f Hjf/ g} l;h{gf ug'{k5{ . To;n] g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf Pp6f dxfax; g} l;h{gf ug{ ;S5 . To:tf] dxfax;n] g} g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_leq /x]sf] pu| jfdkGyL e8\sfpnfO{ lj:tf/} tf]8\b} nfg ;S5, To; ;d"xnfO{ ¿kfGtl/t ub} { nfg ;S5 / xfd|f b'O{ kf6L{x¿aLrsf ;DaGwx¿ a9L d}qLk"0f{ klg agfp“b} nfg ;lsG5 . To;sf lglDt xfdLn] lqcfoflds gLltdf sfod /x“b} j}rfl/s–;}4flGts ax;nfO{ cl3 a9fpg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'k5{ . pk/f]Qm b'j} k| ltj]bgx¿n] o; s'/fnfO{ klg hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . afx|f}“, clxn] xfdL nf]stflGqs qmflGtsf] k|lqmofdf 5f}“ . Pp6f pRrtd nf]stflGqs d"No, dfGotf / l;4fGtaf6 ;';lHht kf6L{n] dfq To:tf] qmflGtnfO{ g]t[Tj ug{ / k"0f{tfdf k'¥ofpg ;S5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ of] b]zsf] Pp6f cu'jf nf]stflGqs kf6L{ klg xf] . t/, o;nfO{ o'usf r'gf}tLx¿sf lj?4 h'em\g ;Sg] zlQmsf ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ xfdLn] xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ cem a9L nf]stfGqLs/0f ug]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf klg /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfdf k|:t't k|ltj]bgn] s]xL dxŒjk"0f{ s'/fx¿ cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . vf;u/L kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf dxf;lrj jf k|d'v g]tfn] klg ToxL kbdf nuftf/ b'O{ sfo{sfneGbf a9L /xg gx'g] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . of] cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ cjwf/0ff xf] . To;sf ;fy;fy} kf6L{leqsf sld6Lx¿df klg ax'kbLo ;+/rgf ljsf; ug'{kg]{ cjfZostf 5 . /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfn] oL b'j} cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . To;sf] cy{ xf], ca xfd|f] kf6L{ cWoIfnufotsf kbx¿sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ lbzfdf cl3 a9\b}5 . k|ltj]bgn] klg o; s'/fnfO{ k|:6 kf/]sf] 5 . t]x|f}“, k|ltj]bgn] olta]nf g]kfnL hgtfn] k"/f ug'{kg]{ rf/ sfo{ef/x¿af/]df klg k|:6 ¿kn] cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtf olta]nf zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ k"0f{tfdf k'¥ofpg], /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf ug] {, ;fdflhs–cfly{s ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ / gof“ nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ sfdnfO{ d'Vo sfo{ef/ agfP/ cl3 a9\b}5g\ . oL rf/ sfo{ef/x¿ k"/f ug] { sfddf ;a} lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ Pstfa4 x'g}k5{ . To;sf lglDt klg xfd|f] kf6L{n] ljz]if kxn ug'{k5{ . cGoyf of t pu|jfdkGyL c/fhstfjfbn] 6fpsf] p7fpg] of blIf0fkGyL oyfl:yltjfbn] 6fpsf] p7fpg] vt/f b]vf kl/xfN5 . xfdLn] oL b'j} k|j[lQsf lj?4 ;ts{ /x“b} d'n'snfO{ ;xL lbzfdf xf“Sg hf]8bf/ k|oTg ug'{k5{ . rf}wf}“, oL ;Dk"0f{ sfdx¿nfO{ xfdLx¿ Tolta]nf dfq ;kmntfk"j{s cl3 a9fpg ;S5f}“, hlta]nf xfdLx¿ kf6L{sf] sfo{z}nLdf Jofks ;'wf/ ug{ ;S5f}“ . lsgeg], kf6L{leq unt sfo{z}nL ljleGg ¿kdf x'ls{+b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . cg'zf;gxLgtf, kbd'vL k|j[lQ, ;'ljwfef]uL k|j[lQ, cf};/sf kl5 nfUg] k| j[lQ, ;x/d'vL k|j[lQ, rfs8LjfbL k|j[lQ, cf}krfl/stfjfbL k|j[lQ / u'6jfbL k| j[lQh:tf cToGt 3fts k|j[lQx¿ kf6L{leq b]vf kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . ljleGg :t/df / ljleGg ¿kdf b]vf kg]{ o:tf unt lrGtg, ljrf/ / z}nLx¿sf] xfdLn] x/:t/sf kf6L{ sld6Lx¿leq v08g cfnf]rgf ug'{k5{ / kf6L{sf] sfo{z}nLdf Jofks ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] kf6L{sf sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtx¿nfO{ b[9tfk"j{s kqmg], ltgLx¿nfO{ l;h{gfTds ¿kn] cfkm\gf] Jojxf/df nfu" ug]{, b]a|] jf s'g} klg k|sf/sf unt k|j[lQsf lj?4 ;ª\3if{ ug]{ / kf6L{ sfdnfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] If]qdf qmflGtsf/L Wo]o / p2]Zosf ;fy ulx/f] kfb}{ nfg] sfd ug'{k5{ . b'j} k|ltj]bgn] of] s'/fnfO{ klg uDeL/tfk"j{s p7fPsf 5g\ . kGw|f}“, xfdLx¿ oL ;a} sfdnfO{ hgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] cfddfu{bz{gsf cfwf/df cl3 a9fp“b}5f}“ / Tof] cfddfu{bz{gsf cfwf/df kf6L{sf sfo{gLlts sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtx¿nfO{ ;d]t ljsf; ul//x]sf 5f}“ . xfdLn] s] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg'k5{ eg] g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ cl3 a9fpgsf lglDt hahsf] cfddfu{bz{gsf cfwf/df x/ sfnv08df xfdL;“u tfTsflns ljlzi7 kl/l:ylt cg'¿ksf sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . tL sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtsf cfwf/df g} cyf{t\ ltgLx¿nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ug]{ k|lqmofdf g} hahsf cfdl;4fGtx¿nfO{ klg Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdLx¿ clxn] 7Ls ToxL sfd ul//x]sf 5f}“ . kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] @)cf}“ a}7sn] 7Ls oxL sfd u/]sf] 5 / /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfn] klg 7Ls ToxL sfd u/]sf] 5 . kf6L{n] cl3 ;f/]sf jt{dfg sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtx¿nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ug]{ qmddf g} xfdLx¿ hahsf l;4fGtx¿nfO{ cem ;d[4 klg agfp“b} nfg ;S5f}“ . cfh xfd|f sf“wdf hahsf l;4fGtx¿nfO{ nfu" ug]{ / ;d[4 kfg]{ b'j} bfloTj /x]sf 5g\ . o; s'/fnfO{ klg pk/f]Qm k|ltj]gbx¿n] k|:6 kf/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] oL b'O{ b:tfj]hx¿ olta]nf ;a} kf6L{ ;b:ox¿n] k9\g}kg]{ kf7\o;fdu|L ag]sf 5g\ . o;/L xfd|f] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] @)cf}“ a}7s / /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfn] d'n'sdf cfO/x]sf kl/jt{gsf] ;Gbe{df kf6L{sf sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtx¿nfO{ kl/:s[t / kl/dflh{t ug]{ sfddf cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ sbdx¿ rfn]sf] 5 . tL sbdx¿dfkm{t jt{dfg cj:yfaf6 g]kfnL nf]stflGqs qmflGtsf] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/nfO{ cl3 a9fpg kf6L{sf sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtx¿ cem ;':ki6 ag]sf 5g\ . kf6L{leq j}rfl/s / gLltut cGof]n 6'6]sf] 5 . ca oL sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtsf cfwf/df kf6L{nfO{ j}rfl/s / ;ª\u7gfTds ¿kn] ;'b[9 ub}{ xfdLn] kf6L{nfO{ cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf] P]ltxfl;s ynf]lt/ cu|;/ kfg'{k5{ . kf6L{sf] /fli6«o dxflwj]zg Pp6f cToGt ul/dfdo ynf] x'g] u5{ . To;n] kf6L{sf sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtx¿nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ sfd u5{ . d'n'ssf] ablnPsf] kl/l:ylt cg'¿k xfdLn] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf kl5Nnf a}7sx¿af6 kf6L{sf gLlt / ljrf/x¿nfO{ k'gMJojl:yt ub}{ cfPsf 5f}“ . @)cf}“ a}7s / /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfn] tL gLlt / ljrf/x¿nfO{ kf6L{sf Jojl:yt sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtsf] ¿k lbPsf 5g\ . ca xfdLx¿ dxflwj]zgsf b:tfj]hx¿;d]t lgdf{0f ub}{5f}“ . tL b:tfj]hx¿n] kf6L{sf] jt{dfg sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtx¿nfO{ cem kl/dflh{t / Jojl:yt agfpg] 5g\ . ltgLx¿ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgaf6 cg'df]lbt x'g] 5g\ . To;}n] xfd|f;fd' ca s'g} cGof]n 5}g . cufl8sf] af6f] ca k|:6 5 . xfdLn] Tof] af6f]af6 b[9tfk"j{s cl3 a9\b} cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgnfO{ ;kmnLe"t kfg'{k5{ . To;sf lglDt kf6L{ ;b:ox¿sf] ;b:otf gjLs/0fsf] cleofg olta]nf hf]8tf]8n] rln/x]sf] 5 / sflQs d;fGt;Dddf Tof] ;dfKt x'g]5 . To;kl5 kf6L{n] Psflt/ dxflwj]zgsf b:tfj]hx¿ tn;Dd k|;f/ ug]{5 eg] csf{lt/ dxflwj]zgsf k|ltlglwx¿ 5fGg] sfd cl3 a9fpg] 5 . xfdLn] kf6L{ ;b:ox¿sf] gjLs/0f ug]{ sfd xf];\ jf dxflwj]zgsf k|ltlglwx¿ 5fGg] s'/f xf];\– ltgLx¿nfO{ ljlw / gLltsf cfwf/df cl3 a9fpg' k5{ . o;df xf“kemf“k / nKkg5Kkg ug'{kg]{ s'g} cfjZostf 5}g . xfdLn] ;d"xaGbL / u'6aGbLaf6 d'Qm eP/ cl3 a9\g' k5{ . ltgLx¿ kf6L{leq nfu]sf /f]ux¿ dfq x'g\ . xfdLn] dxflwj]zgsf k|ltlglwx¿ klg of]Uotf / Ifdtfs} cfwf/df 5fGg'k5{ . of]Uotf / Ifdtf sxL“af6 cfoft ug{ ;lsg] s'/f xf]Og . Tof] k|To]s kf6L{ ;b:osf] lrGtg / Jojxf/df k|s6 x'g] s'/f xf] . kf6L{n] cl3 ;f/]sf sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtnfO{ h;n] b[9tfk"j{s ;dfpg ;S5, ltgLx¿nfO{ :jtGqtf / b[9tfk"j{s nfu" ug{ ;S5, kf6L{sf] cg'zf;gnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s kfng ug{ ;S5, ;w}“ kf6L{ / qmflGtsf] kIfdf b[9tfk"j{s v8f x'g ;S5 / ToxL Jojxf/sf qmddf cfkm\gf] sfo{IfdtfnfO{ pGgt kfb}{ cl3 a9\g b[9 5, ToxL g} of]Uo g]tf jf sfo{stf{ xf] . s'g} klg g]tf jf sfo{stf{sf] of]Uotf / Ifdtf hf“Rg] dfkb08 oxL xf] . xfdLn] log} s'/fsf cfwf/df dxflwj]zgsf k|ltlglw 5fGg] s'/f ;f]Rg' k5{ / kf6L{sf] cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgnfO{ Pp6f P]ltxfl;s dxflwj]zgsf ¿kdf cfof]lht ug'{k5{ . sd/]8x¿, kf6L{sf] cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg Pp6f r'gf}ltLk"0f{ 38Ldf cfof]lht x'“b}5 . xfd|f] kf6L{n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{Rfgdf uDeL/ wSsf vfPsf a]nf, Tof] wSsfn] g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf pu|jfdkGyL e8\sfp k|efjL x'g vf]lh/x]sf a]nf, d'n's P]ltxfl;s ;ª\qmd0faf6 u'lh|/x]sf a]nf, zflGtk|lqmof, /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgfsf] k|lqmof, ;fdflhs–cfly{s ¿kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmof / d'n'ssf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ k|lqmofh:tf P]ltxfl;s dxŒjsf sfdx¿ cl3 al9/x]sf a]nf, hgtf tyf b]zn] xfd|f] kf6L{af6 a9LeGbf a9L cfzf / ck]Iff ul//x]sf a]nf clg xfd|f ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ ;b:o, ;dy{s / z'e]R5'sn] klg xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ ;an / ;'b[9 agfpg x[bob]lv g} rflx/x]sf a]nfdf of] cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg cfO/x]sf] 5 . kl/l:yltsf oL uDeL/tfx¿nfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fVb} xfdLn] kf6L{ dxflwj]zgsf] tof/LnfO{ cToGt Jojl:yt ¿kn] cl3 a9fpg'k5{, kf6L{leq j}rfl/s–;}4flGts If]qdf cem pGgt / Ps¿k cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug{ b[9 k|of; ug'{k5{, kf6L{sf ;ª\u7gfTds ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ljlwk"j{s Joj:yfkg ug'{k5{, sfo{z}nL, lrGtg / Jojxf/df /x]sf unt s'/fx¿nfO{ ;Rofpg b[9 k|oTg ug'{k5{ / l;ª\uf] kf6L{nfO{ Pstfa4 agfp“b} /fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf] d~rlt/ cl3 a9\g'k5{ . xfdLn] of] dxflwj]zgaf6 kf6L{sf] ;du| j}rfl/s–;}4flGts w/ftnnfO{ Pp6f gof“ prfOdf k'¥ofpg' k5{, l;4fGtlgi7 Pstfsf] hudf kf6L{ PstfnfO{ cem ulx/f] / v“lbnf] kfg'{k5{ / kf6L{nfO{ ;du| b]zsf] qmflGtsf/L ¿kfGt/0fsf] k| jfxnfO{ ;xL lbzfdf xf“Sg ;Sg] g]t[TjbfoL zlQmsf ¿kdf v8f ug]{ sfd ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . ta dfq /fli6«o dxflwj]zg ljrf/sf] dxflwj]zg x'g]5, Pstfsf] dxflwj]zg x'g]5 / cu|ultsf] dxflwj]zg x'g]5 . To;}sf/0f xfdLx¿ kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6L / /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfn] Psdtsf ;fy kfl/t u/]sf pk/f]Qm b'O{ b:tfj]hx¿sf] uxg cWoog u/f}“, ltgLx¿dfkm{t kf6L{n] Jojl:yt kf/]sf sfo{lbzf, gLlt / l;4fGtx¿nfO{ b/f] u/L kqmf}“, ltgLx¿nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ b[9 k|oTg u/f}“ / cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgnfO{ ;kmnLe"t kfg{ l;ª\uf] kf6L{ Pstfa4 eP/ cl3 a9f}“ . ca wSsfx¿ lrl/Psf 5g\, kf6L{JofkL ¿kdf gof“ rxnkxn ;'? ePsf] 5, kf6L{ kª\lQmsf] dgf]an pRr x'“b} uPsf] 5 / g]skf -Pdfn]_ d'n'sJofkL ¿kdf h'd'{/fp“b} cl3 a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfd|f] kf6L{n] rf}tkmL{ k|ult ug{' clgjfo{ 5 / g]kfnL ;dfhdf kl/jt{g / ¿kfGt/0fsf] k|jfx cem a]udo aGg' klg clgjfo{ 5 .  ‘;]gf ;dfof]hg’ / cg'Q/bfoL ax;  O{Zj/ kf]v/]n o;aLrdf ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] ljifo /fhgLlts bnx¿sf aLrdf gof“ ax; / ljjfbsf] ljifo agfO“b}5 . of] ax;–ljjfb …lhDd]jf/ kf6L{Úsf …lhDd]jf/ g]tfx¿Úaf6 u}/lhDd]jf/ tl/sfn] ;fj{hlgs ul/“b}5 . /, cfdhgtfnfO{ e|d tyf låljwfdf kfg]{, pgLx¿nfO{ cfzª\sfu|:t agfOlbg] / cem eGg] xf] eg] hf/L zflGtk| lqmofnfO{ cGof]ndf kfg]{ sfd ul/“b}5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] lbuf] zflGt, cu| udg / nf]stGqnfO{ yk ;'b[9 agfp“b} cufl8 a9\g] b[9 rfxgfnfO{ a]jf:tf u/]/ o:tf] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . hgtfl;t JoQm ul/Psf k|lta4tfx¿ tyf cfkm"x¿n] g} ljutdf k6s–k6s u/]sf ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfljk/Lt o:tf cleJolQm lbO“b}5 / sfdx¿ ul/“b}5 . ;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg], /fhgLlts OdfgnfO{ Vofn gu/L / nf]snfhnfO{ ;d]t krfP/ o:tf] ug{ s]xL g]tfx¿ ;fj{hlgs ¿kd} nfu]sf 5g\ . olta]nf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ tyf g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf s]xL g]tfx¿ cfkm"nfO{ To;/L k|:t't ul//x]sf 5g\ . != ;fj{hlgs x'“b} u/]sf u}/lhDd]jf/ cleJolQmx¿ -s_ s]xL lbgcufl8b]lv g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf g]tfx¿n] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf / ; +ljwfg;efsf] a}7sdf ;d]t s] af]Nb} cfPsf 5g\ eg] …jt{dfg g]kfnL ;]gfÚ / xfn c:yfoL lzlj/df /x]sf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf …hgd'lQm ;]gfÚnfO{ ;dfof]hg u/]/ …gof“ /fli6«o ;]gfÚ lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . dfcf]jfbLsf c¿ 7"nf–;fgf g]tfx¿sf] t s'/f 5f]l8lbpm“, :jod\ /IffdGqL /fdaxfb'/ yfkf …afbnÚn] s]xL lbgcufl8 o:t} cleJolQm ;fj{hlgs u/]sf lyP . lx+;fTds ljb|f]xsf] wª\wªLd} ¿dlNnO/x]sf cGo dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿sf] s'/fnfO{ Psl5g 5f]l8lbg] xf] eg] klg d'n'ssf] /Iff dGqfno ;Dxfn]sf lhDd]jf/ g]tf– /IffdGqLsf] o:tf] cleJolQmnfO{ cToGt uDeL/tfsf ;fy lng'kg]{ x'G5 . o:t}, cGo s]xL dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿ lzlj/df bh{ ePsf pgLx¿sf n8fs"x¿ -;a}_nfO{ ;]gfdf jf ;'/Iff cª\ux¿df ;dfj]z ul/g' kb{5 elg/x]sf 5g\ . s]xL lbgcufl8 dfq ;DkGg ePsf] dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7skZrft\ hf/L ul/Psf] k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú x:tfIfl/t …ljz]if ;s{'n/Údf pNn]v ul/Psf, kf6L{ kª\lQmnfO{ lgb]{lzt ul/Psf s'/fn] uDeL/ cfzª\sf ghGdfO{ /xg ;St}g . clxn] k'iksdn bfxfn ljut lx+;fTds ljb|f]xdf nfu]sf] ljb|f]xL ;d"xsf g]tf xf]Ogg\, d'n'ssf] k|wfgdGqL cem …/fli6«o ;+o'Qm ;/sf/Úsf k|wfgdGqL x'g\ . pgn] cfkm\g} x:tfIf/af6 dfcf]jfbL cwLg:y ;}Go ;+/rgf, To;sf] ;~rfng ljlw ;DaGwdf h'g dxŒjsf ;fy lgb]{zg hf/L u/]sf 5g\ / h'g lbzflgb]{z u/]sf 5g\, Tof] ljjfbf:kb, cfzª\sfo'Qm / cfklQhgs;d]t /x]sf] 5 . /fHo ;~rfngsf] s]Gb|efudf /x]sf] dfcf]jfbL clxn] klg ;dfgfGt/ ;Qf ;~rfngdf ¿lrsf ;fy nfu]sf] b]lvG5 . dfcf]jfbLsf o:tf lrGtg, cleJolQm / sfdn] pgLx¿ clxn] klg ljb| f]xaf6 ;Dk"0f{ ;Qf cfkm\gf] xftdf lng], …hgu0ftGq :yfkgfÚsf] sfo{gLlt lnP/ …clGtd ;kmntfÚsf nflu …/0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fÚdf ;kmntf k|fKt ug] { of]hgfdf t 5}gg\ eGg] uDeL/ cfzª\sf k}bf gu/fO{ /xg ;St}g . -v_ o;aLr g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf s]xL lhDd]jf/ g]tfx¿sf ;fj{hlgs cleJolQm u}/lhDd]jf/ / hf/L zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ lgisif{df k'Ug afwf pTkGg ug]{ vfnsf b]lvPsf 5g\ . c:yfoL lzlj/df /x]sf …dfcf]jfbL n8fs"x¿k|lt ;/sf/sf] lhDd]jf/L 5}g . cf–cfkm\gf ufp“a:tLdf hfpmg, h;f]t;f] u/]/ af“r"g\, h]h:tf] hf]/hfd u/]/ a:g] xf] a;"g\, ;]gfdf jf cGo s'g} klg ;'/Iff lgsfodf ltgnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsGgÚ cflb h:tf cleJolQmx¿ g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf s]xL g]tfx¿af6 nuftf/ ;fj{hlgs eO/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ ;a} …/fhgLlts sfo{stf{sf] ¿kdf k|lzlIft dfcf]jfbL n8fs"x¿nfO{ /fli6«o ;]gfdf ;dfj]z ul/g}x'GgÚ eGg] ts{sf ;fy cfO/x]sf 5g\ . sfª\u|];L g]tfx¿ o:tf cleJolQm lbP/ cfkm\gf] kª\lQmnfO{ zflGtk|lqmofdf ;sf/fTds / ;xh lgisif{df k'¥ofpg'kg]{ /fli6«o st{Jo / k|lta4tfaf6 ljd'v ug{ / hgtfnfO{ ;d]t cGof]nu|:t agfp“b} To;} lbzftkm{ n}hfg] sf]l;; ul//x]sf t 5}gg\ < /fdrGb| kf}8]nsf x'g\ ls ;'zLn sf]O/fnfsf x'g\ jf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf / s'naxfb'/ u'?ªsf x'g\, ;a}sf cleJolQm o;aLrdf o;/L g} k|s6 x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . oxf“;Dd ls slxn]sfxL“ lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf :jod\ klg oxL wf/df pleP/ cleJolQm lbg kl5 k/]sf] b]lv“b}g . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ tyf g]kfnL sfª\u|]];sf g]tfx¿sf o:tf cleJolQmx¿af6 k| efljt eP/ cGo kIfsf s]xL JolQmx¿;d]t of] jf Tof] sf]0fdf pleg k'u]sf] b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 . o;/L, zflGtk|lqmofsf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ ljifo …;]gf ;dfof]hgÚsf] ljifo ljjflbt agfpg] sf]l;; ul/“b}5 . @= ljutsf ;xdlt–;Demf}tfx¿df s] s'/f pNn]v 5g\ < -s_ ‘afx|a'“b]’ ;dembf/L -@)^@ dª\l;/ &_  …zflGtk"0f{ gof“ /fhgLlts wf/df cl3 a9\g g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5 .Ú  ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf qmddf …dfcf]jfbL–;z:q zlQm / zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ; +o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3 jf e/kbf]{ cGt/f{li6«o ;'k/Lj]If0fdf /fVg], lgjf{rgnfO{ :jtGq / lgikIf 9ª\un] ;DkGg ug]{, lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ :jLsfg]{ ;dembf/L ePsf] 5 .Ú  …k|lt:kwf{Tds ax'bnLo zf;g k|0ffnL, gful/s :jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, sfg'gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ff cflb nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotfk|lt g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] cfkm\gf] k|lta4tf k|:6tfsf ;fy ;+:yfut 9ª\un] ;fj{hlgs ub} { tbg'¿k cfkm\gf ultljlwx¿ cl3 a9fpg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf] 5 .Ú -v_ g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_aLr b'O{kIfLo ;xdltåf/f nfu" ul/Psf] o'4lj/fd cfrf/;+lxtf -)^# h]7 !@_  …xft–xltof/ tyf ;}lgs Joj:yfkgaf/] cfk;L ;xdltsf cfwf/df cfjZostf cg';f/ 5nkmn tyf ;dembf/L sfod ub}{ hfg] .Ú -u_ ;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf zLif{ g]tfx¿aLr ePsf] cf7a'“b] ;dembf/Lsf] k|]; jQmJo -)^# c;f/ @ ut]_  …;+ljwfg;efsf] :jtGq tyf lgikIf lgjf{rgsf nflu b'j} kIfsf ;]gf / xltof/sf] Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u ug{ / To;sf] cg'udg ug{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3nfO{ cg'/f]w ug]{ .Ú  …nf]stGq, zflGt, ;d[l4, cu|udg tyf b]zsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf / :jfledfgnfO{ s]Gb|df /fVb} g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_aLr ePsf] o'4lj/fdnfO{ :yfoL zflGtdf kl/0ft ug]{ / jftf{sf] dfWodaf6} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ug]{ .Ú -3_ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3;dIf g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf k|r08n] 5'§f5'§} k|]lift u/]sf] kf“ra'“b] kq -@)^# ;fpg @$ ut]_ 'later the modalities for all arrangements including of arms and amunitions ,will be worked out among the parties and the UN' -cGo s'/fx¿;“u} ;]gf tyf xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg ;DalGwt kIfx¿ / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3aLrsf] ;dembf/Laf6 ul/g]5 ._ -ª_ ;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf zLif{ g]tfx¿sf] a}7ssf lg0f{ox¿ -)^# sflQs @@ ut]_  …;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3nfO{ k7fOPsf] kqdf JoQm k|lta4tf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs"x¿ (cambatants) lgDglnlvt :yfgx¿df c:yfoL lzlj/x¿ (Cantonments)df ;Lldt /xg] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3åf/f pgLx¿sf] k|df0fLs/0f / cg'udg ug]{ .Ú  …dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs"x¿ c:yfoL lzlj/df al;;s]kl5 pgLx¿sf] /;bkfgLnufot cGo cfjZos Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{ .Ú  …dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs"x¿sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg / k'gM:yfkg lglDt cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] ljz]if sld6L agfP/ sfd ug]{ .Ú  …dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿sf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf ;/sf/;“usf] ;xdltn] ug]{ .Ú  …g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg gof“ ;}lgs P]gadf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\n] ug]{ .Ú cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] /fhgLlts ;xdlt / cGtl/d Joj:yflksfsf] ;DalGwt ;ldlt;d]tsf] ;'emfj lnP/ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stfGqLs/0fsf] lj:t[t sfo{of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{ . o; cGt/ut g]kfnL ;]gfsf] pko'Qm ;ª\Vof, nf]stflGqs ;+/rgf, /fli6«o / ;dfj]zL rl/q lgdf{0f ub}{ nf]stGq / dfgj clwsf/sf] d"Noåf/f ;]gfnfO{ k|lzlIft ug] {nufotsf sfdx¿ ug]{ .Ú -r_ g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf -@)^# dª\l;/ %_  ædfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf–  …@)^# ;fn ;fpg @$ ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] tkm{af6 ; +o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3nfO{ k7fOPsf] kqdf JoQm k|lta4tf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ (Combatants) lgDg lnlvt :yfgx¿df c:yfoL lzlj/x¿ (Cantonments) df ;Lldt /xg] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3åf/f pgLx¿sf] k|df0fLs/0f / cg'udg ug] { .Ú  dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ lzlj/df /x]kl5 lzlj/sf] ;'/Iffy{ rflxg] xftxltof/ / uf]nLu¶fafx]s cGo ;a} xltof/x¿ lzlj/leq} ;'/lIft e08f/0f ug]{ / Psn tfNrf nufO{ rfaL ;DalGwt kIfn] g} /fVg] . ;f] tfNrf nufpg] k|lqmofdf ; +o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf] lgu/fgLsf nflu p;sf] /]s8{, ;fO/g;lxtsf] ;+oGq (Device) ;lDdlnt ug]{ . e08f/0f ul/Psf xftxltof/x¿sf] cfjZos hf“r ug'{kbf{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3n] ;DalGwt kIfsf] /f]xj/df ug]{ . Sofd/f cg'udgnufot o; ;DaGwsf cGo lj:t[t k|fljlws ljj/0f ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;xdltn] tof/ ug]{ .  dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿ c:yfoL lzlj/df al;;s]kl5 pgLx¿sf] /;bkfgLnufot cGo cfjZos Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{ .  dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] /]vb]v ;dfof]hg / k'gM:yfkgf lglDt cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] ljz]if sld6L agfP/ sfd ug]{ .  g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg gof“ ;}lgs P]gadf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\n] /fhgLlts ;xdlt / cGtl/d Joj:yflksfsf] ;DalGwt ;ldlt;d]tsf] ;'emfj lnP/ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0fsf] lj:t[t sfo{of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{ . o; cGtu{t g]kfnL ;]gfsf] pko'Qm ;ª\Vof, nf]stflGqs ;+/rgf, /fli6«o / ;dfj]zL rl/q lgdf{0f ub}{ nf]stGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] d"Noåf/f ;]gfnfO{ k|lzlIft ug]{nufotsf sfdx¿ ug]{ . -5_ jftfj/0f ;xh agfpg] ;DaGwdf cf7 /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] k|lta4tf -)^# r}t ! ^_  …sfg'gadf]lhd /x]sf lzlj/df btf{ ePsf tyf ;xdltadf]lhd g]t[Tjsf] ;/Iffsf nflu dfcf]jfbL;“u /x]sf xltof/afx]ssf xltof/ u}/sfg'gL 7xl/g] 5g\ .Ú -h_ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg )^$ ;fnleq} ;DkGg ug]{ /fli6«o ;ª\sNknfO{ s]Gb|ljGb'df /fv]/ ;ft /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ePsf] @# a'“b] ;xdlt -)^$ k'; * ut]_  …dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf k|dfl0ft n8fs"x¿nfO{ ;xdlt cg';f/sf] lbg'kg]{, af“sL /sd ls:tfaGbLdf df3 dlxgfleq r'Stf ug]{ tyf cfufdL lbgdf dfl;s ¿kdf lb“b} hfg] k|df0fLs/0faf6 cof]Uo 7xl/Psfx¿nfO{ ;xdlt cg';f/sf] lbg'kg] { af“sL /sd lbP/ cljnDa 3/ kms{g] Joj:yf ug]{ .Ú  …dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf k|dfl0ft n8fs"x¿sf] ;dfof]hgsf nflu cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ePadf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\n] agfPsf] ljz]if ;ldltåf/f 5nkmn u/L sfo{ cl3 a9fpg] .Ú -em_ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg / zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg /fhgLlts bnx¿sf aLr ePsf] ;xdlt -)^% c;f/ !! ut]_  …lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf tyf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf aLr ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf k|ltlglwx¿sf] /f]xa/df ePsf] ;]gf / xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg cg'udg;DaGwL ;Demf}tf cg'¿k c:yfoL lzlj/x¿df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3åf/f btf{ / k|df0fLs/0f ePsf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs"x¿sf] a9Ldf 5 dlxgfleq ;dfof]hg / k'gM:yfkgf tyf xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 .Ú  …g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg–)^# sf] wf/f !$^ df plNnlvt ljz]if ;ldltdf ; +ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿ /xg] 5g\ . ;f] ;ldlt dftxt ljz]if1x¿ ;lDdlnt k|fljlws ;ldlt /xg ;Sg]5 . dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g ePsf] !% lbgleq ljz]if ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/L To;n] cfkm\gf] sfd cf/De ug]{5 .Ú  …ljz]if ;ldltn] …lzlj/df btf{ eO{ k|df0fLs/0f ePsf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs"x¿sf] cj:yfsf] hfgsf/L lng]5 .Ú  …dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf k|df0fLs/0f ePsf n8fs"x¿nfO{ cfly{s Kofs]h;d]t k'gM:yfkgfsf] ljljw ljsNk /f]Hg] cj;/ lbOg]5 .Ú  …;dfof]hgsf] ljsNk /f]Hg] k|df0fLs/0f ePsf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs"x¿sf] xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf aLr ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf k|ltlglwsf] /f]xa/df ;DkGg ;]gf / xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg / cg'udg;DaGwL ;Demf}tfsf] a'“bf g+= $=!=# df plNnlvt c:yfoL lzlj/x¿df /Ltk"j{s btf{ ePsf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs"x¿ dfq} :yflkt dfGotf (standard norms) k"/f u/L ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df ul/g] ;Defljt ;dfof]hgsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5g\ eGg] Joj:yf cg';f/ ul/g]5 .Ú  …;dfof]hg / k'gM:yfkgfsf] sfd ;dfKt gx'“bf;Dd dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs"x¿ tyf lzlj/leq / aflx/ /x]sf xltof/ ljz]if ;ldltsf] /]vb]v, lgoGq0f / lgb] {zgdf /xg] 5g\ .Ú  …dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs"x¿sf] ;dfof]hg / k'gM:yfkgfsf] cf/Deb]lv g} n8fs"x¿sf] s'g} /fhgLlgs ;ª\u7gdf ;+nUgtf /xg] 5}g tyf /fhgLlts / ;}lgs bf]xf]/f] lhDd]jf/L ePsf JolQmx¿n] b'O{dWo] s'g} Pssf] 5gf]6 ug'{kg] { 5 .Ú #= g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] b[li6sf]0f  lx+;fTds ljb|f]xdf nfu]sf] / ToxL af6f]af6 Pp6f …zlQmÚsf ¿kdf pbo ePsf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_nfO{ zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLltsf] d"nwf/df Nofpg] sfddf g]skf -Pdfn]_n] dxŒjsf ;fy e"ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf] xf] . P]ltxfl;s dxŒj /fVg] …afx|a'“b]Ú ;dembf/Ldf k'Ug'eGbf klxn] g]skf -Pdfn]_n] cfkm\g} ;lqmotf / kxndf of] e"ldsfnfO{ cufl8 a9fPsf] lyof] . kl5 ToxL e"ldsfsf] k[i7e"lddf afx|a'“b] ;dembf/L ;Dej ag]sf] lyof] .  …afx|a'“b]Ú ;dembf/Lkl5 g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_l;t g]skf -Pdfn]_nufot cGo /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ljleGg ;dodf cf}krfl/s ;xdlt–;dembf/Lx¿ x'“b} cfPsf 5g\ . tL ;a} ;xdlt–;dembf/Lx¿ d'n'sdf lbuf] zflGt, cu|udg / nf]stGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ug] { p2]Zoåf/f lgb]{lzt 5g\ . bfz{lgs, ;}4flGts dfGotf, sfo{qmlds k|lta4tf, P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld, z}nLut rl/qdf w]/} g} leGgtf x'“bfx'“b} klg dfly plNnlvt ljifox¿af/]df Ps} lsl;dn] cfjZostfaf]w u/]sf sf/0f /fhgLlts bnx¿sf aLrdf ;xdlt / ;dembf/L ;Dej ePsf] xf] .  /fhgLlts bnx¿n] dfly plNnlvt ljifox¿df ;dfg wf/0ff /fv'Gh]n / To;df

Jofjxfl/s ¿kd} k|lta4+++++++++= /x'Gh]n pgLx¿aLrsf] ;xdltsf] of] ofqf hf/L /xG5 . sd ;] sd ;+ljwfg;efaf6 gof“ ;+ljwfg gagfOGh]n bnx¿aLr ;xdltsf] of] ofqf clgjfo{ 5 .  ljutsf, vf;u/L …afx|a'“b]Ú ;dembf/Lb]lvotfsf ;dembf/L–;xdlt / ;Demf}tfx¿ oxL cfjZostftkm{ kl/nlIft 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs"x¿sf] ;dfof]]hg ug]{ ;xdlt–;Demf}tf klg To;}sf] cleGg / ljz]if dxŒjsf] cª\u xf] .  o;;DaGwL ljutsf ;xdlt–;Demf}tf cg';f/ g} c:yfoL lzlj/df /x]sf dfcf]jfbL n8fs"x¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ul/g'k5{ .  c:yfoL lzlj/df cf}krfl/s ¿kn] bh{ ePsf (Registered) n8fs"x¿nfO{ ;Demf}tf cg';f/ …/;bkfgLnufot cGo cfjZos Joj:yfÚ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug} {k5{ . k|lta4tfnfO{ Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy sfof{Gjog u/]/ dfq nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] lx+;fTds åGånfO{ cGTo u/L zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLlts k|lqmofnfO{ lglj{£g lsl;dn] cufl8 a9fpg ;lsG5 .  hxf“;Dd ;'/Iff cª\ux¿df ;dfof]hg ug]{ ljifo 5– ;Demf}tf cg';f/ g} ;DalGwt ;'/Iff cª\ux¿sf] dfkb08 cg';f/ (Standard Norms) of]Uotf k'u]sf n8fs"x¿ JolQmut lx;fan] ;dfof]lht x'g ;S5g\ . ;dfof]lht ul/“bf … n8fs"Úx¿sf] s'g} /fhgLlts ;ª\u7gdf ;+nUgtf /xg' x'“b}g . ;fy}, ;d"x cfwfl/t ;dfof]hg x'g ;Qm}g / ;dfof]hgkl5 5'§} …a6flnogÚ jf …la|u]8Ú /xg] eGg] s'/fsf] t lans'n} s'g} ;Defjgf /xg] 5}g . o;/L ul/g] ;dfof]hg s'g} Pp6} ;'/Iff cª\udf dfq x'G5 eGg] s'/f xf]Og, clxn] sfod s'g}df klg x'g;S5 . ;d"xut ¿kdf ;dfof]hg x'g ;Qm}g, JolQmut of]Uotfsf cfwf/df / dfkb08 cg';f/ dfq ;dfof]hg x'g;S5 . o;/L ;dfof]hg x'“bf bnLo ;+nUgtfsf] cf}krfl/s ;dflKt clgjfo{ x'g'k5{ .  o;/L ;dfof]hgdf g;d]l6Psf n8fs"x¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] Jojl:yt ¿kdf k'gM:yflkt u/fpg' k5{ . k'gM:yfkgf sxf“–sxf“, s;/L–s;/L ug]{, To;sf] Jojl:yt of]hgf ;/sf/n] agfpg'k5{ . dlGqkl/ifb\n] ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k| d'v /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿ ;lDdlnt …ljz]if /fhgLlts ;ldltÚ u7g u/]/ of] sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt of]hgfsf ;fy cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ . of] …ljz]if /fhgLlts ;ldltÚ dftxt ljz]if1x¿ ;lDdlnt k|fljlws ;ldltx¿ /xg ;Sg] 5g\ .  ;dfof]hg / k'gM:yfkgfsf] sfd ;dfKt gx'Gh]n oxL …ljz]if /fhgLlts ;ldltÚ cGtu{t n8fs"x¿ / pgLx¿sf] xltof/x¿sf] /]vb]v / lgoGq0f ul/g' k5{ . ;dfgfGt/ ;+/rgf / ;~rfngsf] l:ylt cljnDa cGTo ul/g'k5{ . $= lgisif{ nfdf] ;dob]lv hf/L lx+;fTds ljb|f]xnfO{ ;dfwfg u/L zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLltsf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt u/fpg ePsf k|oTgx¿ cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ / pNn]vgLo 5g\ . g]kfnsf] zflGtk|lqmof w]/} 7fp“sf nflu pbfx/0fLo aGg ;S5 . t/, hf/L zflGt k| lqmofsf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ efu n8fs"x¿sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfd cToGt ; +j]bgzLn ljifo xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ x/If0f Vofn ul/g'k5{ . o; lbzfdf clxn];Dd ePsf ;xdlt–;dembf/L / ;Demf}tfsf ;sf/fTds kIfx¿df ple“b} cufl8 a9\g'sf] csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . ljutsf ;Demf}tfx¿n] oy]i7 cfwf/x¿ lbPsf 5g\ . ltg} cfwf/df 6]Sb} cufl8 a9]/ dfq, ltgsf] Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy sfof{Gjog u/]/ dfq zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ tflŒjs lgisif{df k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 . t/, /fhgLlts g]t[Tj txdf /x]sf lhDd]jf/ JolQmx¿sf u}/lhDd]jf/ af]nL / Jojxf/ o;sf nflu afws aGg ;S5g\ . clxn] ljleGg sf/0fn] JoQm x'g] Jojxf/n] zflGtk|lqmofdf cf“r k'Ug ;S5 / layf]lng klg ;S5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;a} lhDd]jf/x¿n] ;f“Rr} lhDd]jf/ eP/ a'em\g ;Sg'k5{ . c;Gt'ng, pQ]hgf, cfj]z tyf cfu|xk"0f{ egfOx¿n] ;f“Rr} clgi6 klg lglDtg ;S5 eGg] s'/f la;{g' x'Gg . To;}n] ljutsf ;Demf}tf / ;xdltdf 6]Sb}, ltgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{ zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ lgisif{df k'¥ofpg xfdL ;a} h'6\g}k5{ . n8fs"x¿sf] Joj:yfkg oxL cleofgsf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ s8L dfq xf] .  a'6jn d08kdf dxflwj]zg  /fdgfy 9sfn

a'6jn d08ksf] PSsfO; la3f hldg, hxf“ b'O{ nfv hg;d'bfosf] pkl:ylt Jojl:yt ug{ ;lsG5 . ToxL“ g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg pb\3f6g ul/g]5 . /, n'lDagL c~rnsf dfq} ! nfv %) xhf/ hg;d'bfo pb\3f6gsf cj;/df pkl:yt x'g]5g\ . af“sL %) xhf/rflx“ cGo c~rnaf6 ;xefuL x'g]5g\ . sl/a !@ nfv :Sjfo/ lkm6sf] If]qkmndf dxflwj]zgsf] pb\3f6g ul/g]5 . /, !) xhf/ :Sjfo/ lkm6sf] xndf aGb;q cfof]hgf ul/g]5 . xndf ! xhf/ % ;oeGbf a9L k|ltlglw c6fpg ;Sg]5g\ . dxflwj]zgnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ # ;o :jod\;]js kl/rfng ul/g]5g\ . xn;“u} @) j6f ;d"x 5nkmnsf nflu sIf, :yfoL sld6Lsf] cfsl:ds a}7s a:g] sIf, ;lrjfno sIf, ldl8of ;]G6/ sIf, x]Ny ;]G6/ sIf / a's :6nx¿ /flvg]5g\ . c~rn ;dGjo sld6L n'lDagLsf tkm{af6 xfd|f] kf6L{sf] cfufdL cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf] cfof]hgfsf ljifodf 5nkmn x'“bf s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf a}7sx¿df jf g]tf sd/]8x¿ JolQmut e]63f6df klg n'lDagLdf cfof]hgf ul/of];\ egL nuftf/ dfu ub}{ cfPsf lyP . oxL l;nl;nfdf kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Ln] cfof]hgf u/]sf] /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfsf] clGtd lbg -sflQs @ ut]_ laxfg sfo{stf{ e]nf cfof]hgf :yndf kf6L{sf] :yfoL sld6Lsf] a}7s a:of] / ;j{;Ddltn] cfufdL cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg a'6jndf ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] . kf6L{sf] pQm lg0f{onfO{ /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfn] s/tn Wjlgsf ;fy cg'df]bg u¥of] . kf6L{ g]t[Tj;“u nuftf/ dfu ub}{ cfPsf] lhDd]jf/L cs:dft\ k|fKt ubf{ / g]tf sd/]8x¿n] awfO{ / z'esfdgf lb“bf uf}/jaf]w eof] . k|fKt olt 7"nf] lhDd]jf/Ln] dnfO{ uDeL/ agfof] . kf6L{sf] /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfsf] cj;/ 5f]k]/ n'lDagLaf6 /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfdf ;xefuL sd/]8x¿ kf6L{ sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf sf7df8f}“df /xg' x'g] n'lDagLsf g]tfx¿ / cf7f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zg d"n Joj:yfkg sld6Lsf ;+of]hs sd/]8nufot s]xL g]tf sd/]8x¿sf] a}7s sflQs # ut] laxfg kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no aNv'df /fVg] lg0f{o u¥of}“ . t/, sflQs # ut] laxfg Pp6f cToGt b'Mvb 36gf eof] . nfdf] ;dob]lv /Qm SofG;/af6 kLl8t o; c~rnsf cfb/0fLo g]tf, kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ sd/]8 l;l4gfy 1jfnLsf] b'Mvb lgwg eof] . # ut] a}7s ef]lnkN6 $ ut] laxfg ug]{ lg0f{o u/L sd/]8 l;l4gfy 1jfnLsf] >4f~hnL;ef / bfx;+:sf/df h'6\of}“ . sflQs $ ut] laxfg kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no aNv'df k"j{of]hgf adf]lhd a}7s a:of}“ . cfdlGqt Psfw sd/]8afx]s ;a} sd/]8x¿sf] pkl:ylt lyof] . dxflwj]zgsf] cfof]hgfsf ;Gbe{df cToGt /rgfTds / dxŒjk"0f{ ;'emfjx¿ k|fKt eP . n'lDagL;“u ;Da4 ;a} sd/]8x¿n] cToGt pT;fxsf ;fy dxflwj]zg eJotfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ x/t/xsf] ;xof]u ug]{ ;ª\sNk JoQm ug'{eof] . lbp“;f] dxflwj]zg d"n Joj:yfkg sld6Lsf] a}7s a:of] . a}7sn] dxflwj]zg tof/Lsf nflu ljleGg !# j6f pk;ldltdf /fVg] sd/]8x¿sf] ;"rL cfufdL a}7sdf NofOg], dxflwj]zg:ynsf] :ynut / cfufdL a}7s sflQs !& ut] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no aNv'df a:g] lg0f{o u¥of] . dxflwj]zgnfO{ eJo agfpg sflQs % ut] ¿kGb]xL lhNnf sld6L / dhb'/ ljz]if lhNnf sld6Lsf] ;lrjfnosf] ;+o'Qm a}7s e}/xjfdf ;DkGg eof] . s]Gb|af6 dxflwj]zg d"n Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf g]tfx¿ cfp“bf dxflwj]zgsf nflu dxflwj]zgsf] v'nf;q ug]{, aGb;q ug]{, cfjf; Joj:yfkg / hgkl/rfng s;/L Jojl:yt ug]{ eGg] ljifodf ;"rL tof/ u¥of] . sflQs ^ ut] c~rn kf6L{ sfof{no a'6jndf c~rn kf6L{ sld6L, lhNnf sld6L / dxflwj]zg;“u ;Da4 ljleGg sd/]8x¿sf] a}7s a:of] . To;n] ljleGg lg0f{ox¿ u¥of] . dxflwj]zg d"n Joj:yfkg sld6Lsf] lg0f{oadf]lhd sflQs !% ut] dxflwj]zg d"n Joj:yfkg sld6Lsf ;+of]hs sd/]8 e/tdf]xg clwsf/L, O{Zj/ kf]v/]n, k|bLk g]kfn, k|bLk 1jfnL, pld{nf cof{n, 5ljnfn ljZjsdf{, ljho kf}8]n / /fdgfy 9sfn;d]tsf] 6f]nL dxflwj]zgsf nflu k|:tfljt ljleGg :ynx¿sf] :ynut e|d0f ug'{sf ;fy} d"n Joj:yfkg sld6Lsf sd/]8x¿ tyf c~rn, lhNnf sld6Lsf sd/]8x¿sf] a[xt\ pkl:yltdf a}7s a:of] . a}7sdf c~rn / lhNnfsf sd/]8x¿n] dxflwj]zg eJotfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ ljleGg ;'emfjx¿ lbg'eof] . dxflwj]zgsf] v'nf;q tyf aGb;q a'6jn d08kdf ug]{, cfjf;;DaGwL Joj:yf a'6jn If]qsf kf6L{ sd/]8x¿sf 3/x¿, wd{zfnf, u]i6xfp; / xf]6nx¿df ug]{, dxflwj]zgsf] v'nf;qdf n'lDagLn] ! nfv %) xhf/ hgtf kl/rfng ug]{, To;sf nflu oftfoft Joj:yf, ;'/Iff Joj:yf, vfgf cflbsf ljifodf a[xt\ 5nkmn u/L g]t[TjnfO{ ljleGg ;'emfjx¿ lbof] . sflQs !& ut]sf] lbg dxflwj]zg d"n Joj:yfkg sld6Lsf] bf];|f] a}7s kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no aNv'df a:of] / dxflwj]zgsf] pb\3f6g;q / aGb;q a'6jnsf] a'6jn d08kdf ug] { lg0f{o u¥of] . ljleGg !# j6f s]Gb|Lo pk;ldltx¿df ;dfj]z ug]{ sd/]8x¿sf af/]df lg0f{o u¥of] . clxn] dxflwj]zgnfO{ s]Gb|efudf /fv]/ n'lDagLsf ;a} lhNnfx¿df lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{stf{ e]nf eO/x]sf 5g\ . tL sfo{stf{ e]nfx¿df kf6L{ :yfoL sld6L ;b:o Pjd\ klZrdf~rn If]qLo ;dGjo sld6Lsf ;+of]hs sd/]8 O{Zj/ kf]v/]n, /fdgfy 9sfn, k|bLk 1jfnL, uf]s0f{ lji6, ljho kf}8]n, b]j]Gb| l3ld/]nufotsf ljleGg g]tf sd/]8x¿n] dxflwj]zgsf] eJo ;kmntfsf nflu kf6L{sf ljrf/x¿ /fVb} sfo{stf{ kª\lQmnfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ sfddf of]hgfa4 ¿kn] nfUg'eof] . o;} ;Gbe{df sflQs @@ ut] ¿kGb]xLsf] e}/xjf, @# ut] kfNkfsf] tfg;]g, @^ ut] slknj:t'sf] af0fuª\uf, @& ut] tf}lnxjf, @& ut] gjnk/f;Lsf] ab{3f6, @* ut] gjnk/f;Lsf] sfjf;f]tL, @( ut] u'NdLsf] tD3f; / #) ut] c3f{vf“rLsf] ;lGwvs{df sfo{stf{ e]nfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnfsf ;a} sfo{stf{ e]nfx¿ ;DkGg eO;s]kZrft\ dª\l;/sf] bf];|f] ;ftf c~rn ;dGjo sld6Lsf] a}7s a;L tof/Lsf nflu Jofks of]hgf agfpg] tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 .  dxflwj]zgsf pk;ldlt

cltly ;Tsf/ pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M dfwjs'df/ g]kfn ;b:ox? @= eLd /fjn #= /fwf 1jfnL $= 5ljnfn ljZjsdf{ %= t'naxfb'/ u?ª ^= dx]z rf}w/L &= pbo/fh kf08] *= /fhg e§/fO{ (= ofbj zdf{ !)= 8f= s]=;L= zdf{ !!= lg/h zdf{ !@= 8f= ch{'g sfsL{ !#= ;'lhtf zfSo !$= ;fljqf e';fn !%= c?0f g]kfn !^= pd]z pkfWofo !&= l;/h cxdb l;l2sL !*= /~h' 7fs'/ !(= ul/df zfx @)= nSsL z]kf{ @!= /lj cof{n @@= /fdlk|t kf;jfg @#= ;'zLnf >]i7 @$= h'4axfb'/ u'?ª @%= kf;fª z]kf{ @^= k|ef ah|frfo{ @&= an/fd af“:sf]6f @*= cflbTogf/fo0f s;f}wg @(= k'ikf~hnL pkfWofo k|ltlglw Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M cd[t af]x/f ;b:ox? @= O{Zj/ kf]v/]n #= o'j/fh 1jfnL $= lji0f' kf}8]n %= czf]ss'df/ /fO{ ^= l;l4nfn l;+x &= ci6nIdL zfSo *= ls/0f u'?ª (= /fh]Gb| >]i7 !)= ;'/]Gb| kf08] !!= eLd /fjn !@= 1fgaxfb'/ e'h]n ;lrjfno pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M k|bLk g]kfn @= ;lrj M 8f= eLidgfy clwsf/L ;b:ox? #= /3'hL kGt $= s]zjnfn >]i7 %= ?b| g]kfn ^= bf]hL{hfª\a' nfdf &= aflnsf lu/L *= ;ljtf clwsf/L (= lgd{n e§/fO{ !)= eLd s]=;L= !!= xl/ >]i7 !@= s[i0f cfª\b]Da] !#= ddtf lu/L !$= zflGt >]i7 !%= nId0f s]=;L= !^= /fdrGb| af]x/f !&= dx]Gb| >]i7 !*= k|efs/ Kofs'/]n !(= kNnj clwsf/L @)= v8\uaxfb'/ a:g]t @!= rGb|b]j kf;jfg @@= afa'/fd vgfn @#= uf]df cfrfo{ @$= lzj ;'j]bL @%= b]jL a:ofn @^= ltns dxt @&= ls/0f dfnL @*= s[i0f l/hfn @(= sdn bfgL #)= lbn' kGt #!= uf]ljGb e§/fO{ #@= rldgf e§/fO{ ##= /fdafa' clwsf/L #$= af]daxfb'/ v8\sf #%= s[kf;'/ z]kf{ #^= g/s'df/L u'?ª #&= a'l4 e';fn #*= v8\u s]=;L= hgkl/rfng pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M s]zj a8fn ;b:ox? @= k[YjL;'Aaf u'?ª #= s[i0fuf]kfn >]i7 $= k|sfz Hjfnf %= x]d/fh /fO{ ^= efg'eQm h}zL &= of]u]z e§/fO{ *= k'?iff]Qd kf}8]n (= g]q kGyL !)= cGgt kf}8]n !!= 5ljnfn jnL !@= vu/fh clwsf/L !#= c?0f g]kfn !$= nId0f 1jfnL !%= lbg]z ;'j]bL !^= /fds'df/ 1jfnL !&= uf]/vaxfb'/ af]u6L !*= uf]s'n vgfn !(= zª\s/ zdf{ @)= ;'dg Kofs'/]n @!= /fh]Gb| uf}td @@= dgs'df/ uf}td @#= gj/fh zdf{ @$= ;Ltf kf}8]n @%= k|]d bª\ufn @^= nfnaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ @&= chDa/ sfªdfª /fO{ @*= /fds'df/L emf“qmL @(= ;'zLnrGb| cdfTo #)= xL/f g]kfn #!= ljho ;'Aaf #@= gfu]Gb| rf}w/L ##= dfwj 9'ª\u]n #$= s[i0fk|;fb ;fksf]6f #%= 8f]/dl0f kf}8]n #^= dlxg ;'Aaf #&= 3gZofd kf08] #*= 9fsf/fd cof{n #(= dLg/fh s“8]n $)= rGb| ;'j]bL $!= 3gZofd e';fn $@= ljho kf}8]n $#= 7fs'/ u}/] $$= ;f]leot 9sfn $%= bnaxfb'/ /fgf $^= a}hgfy yf? -rf}w/L_ $&= hgfb{g vgfn $*= sdn >]i7 $(= /fwfs[i0f s“8]n %)= an/fd clwsf/L %!= nLnf lu/L %@= s[i0f kf}8]n %#= sdn uf}td %$= afa'/fd rf}w/L %%= ljho ;'j]bL %^= s[i0f bfxfn %&= ljho dxtf %*= kn6 rf}w/L %(= dx]Gb| rf}nfufO{+ ^)= efujt ljZjf;L ^!= wgaxfb'/ /fodfemL ^@= /]jtL/d0f zdf{ ^#= b]j/fh ef/ ^$= b]j /fgf ^%= /jLGb| clwsf/L ^^= rqm k/fh'nL ^&= kL=Pn= >]i7 ^*= dfofgfy clwsf/L ^(= afa'/fd yfkf &)= lxtsfhL u'?ª &!= u'? a'nf{sf]6L &@= /fd]Zj/ km"ofn &#= dw';"bg kf}8]n &$= ;f]d ld> &%= uf]s'n af:sf]6f &^= b]jL 1jfnL &&= ef]hk|;fb >]i7 &*= ofbjaxfb'/ /fodfemL &(= 8Da/ zdf{ *)= ?lSd0fL s'j“/ *!= u0f]z lj=s= *@= ;/]z g]kfn *#= z]/axfb'/ tfdfª *$= jL/axfb'/ nfdf *%= dxdb cfnd *^= l/hdfg cG;f/L *&= cfgGb kf]v/]n *(= /jLGb| clwsf/L ()= s'nrGb| clwsf/L (!= hLjg v8\sf (@= b]jL a/fn (#= /fhs'df/ n]vL ($= /fhs'df/ /fO{ (%= /Tg vqL (^= ¿k]z vltj8f (&= k'?iff]Qd cfrfo{ (*= cfgGb >]i7 ((= /h'l2g cfnd !))= n]vgfy kf}8]n !)!= uf}/L cf]nL !)@= wggfy s“8]n !)#= hLt' uf}td !)$= /fdbofn d08n !)%= dxk"mh cG;f/L !)^= /fh]Gb| /fO{ !)&= lxSdt sfsL{ !)*= xs{axfb'/ /fjn !)(= 6f]dnfn kf08] !!)= sf]zn kf]v/]n !!!= lktfDa/ e';fn !!@= g/]Gb| If]qL !!#= jL/]Gb| ofbj :jf:Yo pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M b]j/fh l3ld/] ;b:ox? @= 8f= e/t k|wfg #= j+zLw/ ld> $= ;f]gf pkfWofo %= hL= vgfn ^= ;f]efsfGt 9sfn &= aL= x'dfufO+{ *= cf/=s]= clwsf/L (= 6L= kf]v/]n !)= 8L=aL= sfsL{ !!= ;/nf s]=;L= !@= /fdrGb| kf08]o !#= elQmdfg ;'Aaf !$= /Tg u'/fufO+{ !%= 8f= k'/g ah|frfo{ !^= afa'/fd e§/fO{ !&= 8f= /fdk|;fb a:ofn !*= xl/k|;fb 1jfnL !(= 8f= d's'Gb kGyL @)= l8NnLaxfb'/ jnL @!= 8f= /fhlszf]/ ;fx @@= 8f= s[i0f g]pkfg] @#= lgns07 uf}td @$= /f]lxt If]qL @%= afa'/fd cfrfo{ @^= cfª Ou]n] z]kf{ @&= bf]l/snfn rf}w/L @*= glh/ ldof“ oftfot Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M d's'Gb Gof}kfg] @= ;x;+of]hs M r"8fdl0f hª\unL ;b:ox? #= p4j s]=;L= $= df]tL ;'g'jf/ %= lbNnLaxfb'/ /fgf ^= ljb'/ sfsL{ &= >Lw/k|;fb >]i7 *= gf/fo0f e§/fO{ (= /fh]Gb| l/hfn !)= xl/ sfsL{ !!= s'df/ yfkf !@= rLgaxfb'/ u'?ª !#= ?b| vqL !$= O{Zj/ cfrfo{ !%= /d]zk|;fb /fhe08f/L !^= s[i0f e';fn !&= b]ugfy uf}td !*= euL/y e§/fO{ !(= ;"o{ e§/fO{ @)= /fdg/]z l;+x @!= t'n;L aGhf8] @@= zDe' g]kfn @#= xl/bQ hf]zL @$= jfnl;+x sfp5f k|rf/–k|;f/ pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M O{Zj/ kf]v/]n ;b:ox? @= ;"o{ yfkf #= sf]dn e§/fO{ $= sdnf k/fh'nL %= efg'eQm 9sfn ^= afns[i0f rfkfufO+{ &= lji0f' l/hfn *= s'Gbg cof{n (= k|df]b bfxfn !)= /]jGt emf !!= lszf]/ >]i7 !@= uf]kfn a'9fyf]sL !#= >Lgfy a/fn !$= df]tL kf}8]n !%= x:taxfb'/ s]=;L= !^= zDe' >]i7 !&= uug lji6 !*= z]/axfb'/ s]=;L= !(= d]3/fh zdf{ @)= ltns cfrfo{ @!= 8L=cf/= l3ld/] @@= lji0f' kGyL @#= e/t kf]v/]n @$= df]xg rfkfufO{+ @%= s"ndl0f 1jfnL @^= k/dfgGb v/]n @&= k'0o kf}8]n @*= dx]z bf; @(= ldng zfxL #)= :joDe"/fh 8ª\uf]n #!= s]zj 1jfnL #@= /fd/fh /]UdL ##= cgGt kf}8]n cg]/f:jljo', k|/fo' ;ª\3, cg]d;ª\3, g]phfd';nufotsf s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ ljefu k|d'vx¿ kb]g ;b:o /xg] 5g\ . cfly{s pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M e/tdf]xg clwsf/L ;b:ox? @= o'j/fh 1jfnL #= sfzLgfy clwsf/L $= o'j/fh sfsL{ %= eLd /fjn ^= /3'jL/ dxf;]7 &= t'naxfb'/ u'?ª *= eLd Gof}kfg] (= nIdLbf; dfgGw/ !)= v]d kf}8]n !!= 8f= k'ik/fh s“8]n !@= s[i0fnfn dxh{g !#= cfª 8]G8L z]kf{ !$= l;l4nfn dxh{g !%= jf;' lu/L !^= 8f= uf]ljGb yfkf !&= 8f= 8L=cf/= vgfn !*= 8f= k'ik /fhsl0f{sf/ !(= 8f= o'j/fh vltj8f @)= 8f= ch'{g sfsL{ @!= oIfWjh sfsL{ @@= ljgf]b rf}w/L @#= ;f]dk|;fb kf08] @$= ef]haxfb'/ zfx @%= ljb'/ljqmd yfkf @^= ab|L sf]O/fnf @&= rGb| l/hfn @*= 8f= b]j]Gb| rfkfufO+{ @(= jfO{=aL= yfkf #)= cfdf]b pkfWoo #!= wL/]Gb| >]i7 #@= df]xg l;+x ##= ;/f]h g]kfn #$= xL/f s]= ;L= #%= zflGt clwsf/L #^= 6xn v8\sf #&= o'4axfb'/ kGt #*= eLdnfn kf}8]n #(= hL=Pn= >]i7 $)= Pn=kL= ;f“jf $!= s'nk|;fb g]kfn $@= czf]s zfxL vfB Joj:yf pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M zfGtf dfgjL @= wd{bQ b]jsf]6f #= xl/ k/fh'nL $= >Ldfof ysfnL %= uhs'df/L u'?ª ^= pk]Gb| kf}8]n &= 6Lsf/fd l/hfn *= nIdLgf/fo0f rf}w/L (= bfgs'df/L kf08] !)= k'ikf~hnL pkfWofo !!= 8f= k'ikdl0f v/fn !@= -vfB ljz]if1_ !#= eLdlglw l3ld/] !$= uf]kfn e§/fO{ !%= e"ldnfn ;fksf]6f !^= d]3/fh ;fksf]6f !&= d]3/fh uf}td !*= 6Lsf/fd cof{n !(= slj/fd cof{n @)= nId0f lji6 @!= bof/fh a:ofn @@= O{Zj/L kf08] @#= Psk|;fb e08f/L @$= hf]unfn lj=s= @%= hfnkf e";fn @^= 6]s' g]kfnL @&= gLns07 uf}td @*= ;'/]; cdufO{+ @(= Ohg a/fn #)= emk6 /fjn #!= /d]z zdf{ #@= rGbf yfgL ##= zf/bf ;'j]bL #$= zfGtf cfrfo{ #%= u'0fb]jL kGyL #^= b]j]Gb| l3ld/] #&= >Lk|;fb ;fx #*= k|]d dxh{g #(= hub]j ofbj $)= dLgk|;fb l3ld/] :jod\;]js pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M /0fWjh sGbª\jf @= ;x;+of]hs M uf]s0f{ lji6 ;b:ox? #= ljgf]b >]i7 $= e"ldZj/ 9sfn %= k/z'd]3L u'?ª ^= nLnf clwsf/L &= ¿kgf/fo0f >]i7 *= k'/]Gb| nfv] (= df]xg /]UdL !)= /fds'df/ e§/fO{ !!= s'df/L /fO{ !@= x/sl;+x wfdL !#= xf]d vftL !$= xL/frGb| s]=;L= !%= Clif lu/L !^= dx]z a:g]t !&= /fdrGb| Kof;L !*= Clif kf08] !(= s'df/ yfkf @)= lji0f' >]i7 @!= r]tgf/fo0f cfrfo{ @@= rqm cof{n @#= hª\u g]kfnL @$= kLtfDa/ ;f? @%= uf]kfn /fgf @^= hLjg >]i7 @&= df]xg yfkf @*= xL/frGb| s]=;L= @(= g/axfb'/ yfkf #)= s]zj /]UdL #!= OGb|nfn ;fksf]6f #@= x:t kl08t ##= lg/h cfrfo{ #$= g]q kf}8]n #%= /fhg /fO{ #^= afa'/fd kGyL #&= e/t nf}/L6L #*= x]df 9sfn #(= gjLgf nfdf $)= ;fljqL yfkf $!= piffls/0f ltldlN;gf $@= qmflGt a'nf{sf]6L $#= ljGb' clwsf/L $$= ¿k]z vltj8f $%= ljhol;+x nfdf nf]Krg $^= dsa'n cln ;fx $&= t'n;Lb]jL bf; $*= af;'b]j l3ld/] cfjf; Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M pld{nf cof{n @= ;x–;+of]hs M lvdnfn e§/fO{ #= ;lrj M ;f]dk|;fb kf08] ;b:ox? $= efg'eQm h}zL %= hoGtL /fO{ ^= /fdrl/t ;fx &= uª\uf g]kfn *= h'g]b cG;f/L (= uf]s'n 3tL{ !)= /fh]Gb| >]i7 !!= k'0o kf}8]n !@= uf}/f k|;fO{+ !#= cd/axfb'/ yfkf !$= tLyf{ uf}td !%= dfgaxfb'/ af7f !^= 6]s/fh k5fO+{ !&= df]xg ad !*= ;'zLnf g]kfn !(= gGbLs]z/ 9sfn @)= kLtfDa/ vgfn @!= dfwj g]kfn @@= xl/axfb'/ sfsL{ @#= afnl;+x sfp5f @$= gf/fo0fL zdf{ @%= /fdhL l3ld/] @^= yfgk|;fb u}/] @&= t'n;L rf}w/L @*= a[x:klt clwsf/L @(= tLns'df/ d]Gofª\af] #)= zLtn emf #!= /fh]Gb|dfg >]i7 #@= kb\df cof{n ##= b'uf{ kl/of/ #$= huGgfy vltj8f #%= s]zj/fh nf]xgL #^= sNof0fL v8\sf #&= lg/h cfrfo{ #*= >Lk|;fb ;fx #(= d~h' ofbj $)= lbn' kGt $!= dL/f Wjh' $@= ;'lhtf zfSo $#= /d]z zdf{ $$= t]h]Gb| s]=;L= $%= emljnfn kf]v/]n ;+:s[lt pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M k|bLk 1jfnL ;b:ox? @= h]=aL= 6'x'/] #= ljho ;'Aaf $= dfwj k|wfg %= cd/ lu/L ^= a'“b /fgf &= uf]kfn 7fs'/ *= /fds[i0f b'nfn (= zfGts'df/ /fO{ !)= dw' u'?ª !!= /fh]z yfkf !@= r]tgf /fO{ !#= lbnzf]ef k'g !$= anaxfb'/ cfrfo{ !%= lxdaxfb'/ hL=;L= !^= emk]Gb| hL=;L= !&= 6]s/fh kf}8]n !*= wgs'df/L ;'gf/ !(= hLjg /fO{ @)= nId0f /fodfemL d~r Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt != ;+of]hs M lji0f' l/dfn @= ;x;+of]hs M ljgf]b >]i7 #= dx]Gb| >]i7 $= sljGb| >]i7 %= 1fgk|;fb cof{n ^= v]t/fh bfxfn &= 8f]n]Gb| a:g]t *= Ohfh cfnd (= k|]d nfdf ‘gjo'u’sf] cfkm\g} ofqf  efg'eQm 9sfn sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf k|rf/sf] dxŒj a'em]/ g} dfS;{n] ;g\ !*$* sf] dO{ @! df cfkm" k|wfg–;Dkfbs /x]sf] dfS;{jfbL ;dfrf/ kq …gof“ /fOgÚ k| sflzt ug'{eof] . n]lggn] ;g\ !()) df ?;L dfS;{jfbL klqsf …O:qmfÚ e"ldut ¿kdf g} k|sfzg ug'{eof] . hd{g ;fdflhs hgjfbL kf6L{sf] ;}4flGts d'vkqsf ¿kdf … gjo'uÚ ;g\ !**# b]lv !(@# ;Dd lqmofzLn /x\of] . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df kf6L{sf] l;4fGt, ;ª\u7g / ;ª\3if{sf] If]qdf ;kmntf k|fKt ub}{ lj:tfl/t x'g / >]i7tf xfl;n ug{ klqsfsf] cxd\ dxŒj x'g] x'gfn] g]skfn] cfkm\gf] gof“ /fhgLlts d'vkqsf ¿kdf …gjo'uÚnfO{ k|sflzt ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ‘gjo'u’sf tLg r/0f kf6L{sf] gof“ d'vkqsf ¿kdf @)!$ sflQs !% ut] laxLaf/sf lbgb]lv ;fKtflxs ¿kdf o;sf] k|sfzg ;'? eof] . o;sf] klxnf] ;Dkfbs kf6L{sf tTsfnLg kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o 8LkL clwsf/L lyP . !) k};f k|lt kg]{ of] klqsfsf] jflif{s u|fxs kf“r ?lkof“ lyof] . )!& ebf} !@ ut];Dd of] k|sflzt eof] . )$^ sf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] pTsif{df g]skfsf] gfd x'g]u/L g]q sdn kf7s -g]skf_ ;Dkfbs egL o;sf tLg cª\s k|sflzt eP . )$^ sf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntf;“u} tTsfnLg g]skf -dfn]_sf] /fhgLlts klqsfsf ¿kdf kf6L{sf tkm{af6 ; +of]hs ;+ho yfkfåf/f k|sflzt …gjo'uÚsf] ;Dkfbs k|rf/ ljefu ;lrj lji0f' k|eft /xg'ePsf] lyof] . kf6L{ PsLs/0fcufl8 )$& dª\l;/;Dddf o;sf hDdf cf7 cª\s k| sflzt eP . )$* dª\l;/b]lv g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] d'vkqsf ¿kdf k|sflzt o; klqsfsf] k| wfg–;Dkfbsdf sd/]8 emngfy vgfn /xg'eof] . )$( h]7;Dddf o;sf kf“r cª\s k| sflzt eP . )$( ;fpgsf] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7sn] k|rf/ ljefunfO{ eª\u u/]kl5 tLg cª\s s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] ;+of]hgdf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . ;+of]u g} dfGg'k5{ ls s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 ;+of]hg ubf{sf ;dosf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] ;lrj jt{dfg k|rf/ ljefu k|d'v O{Zj/ kf]v/]n g} /xg'ePsf] lyof] . )%) r}tb]lv )%! h]7;Dd k|bLk g]kfn, )%! ;fpgdf s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ ljefu / )%! c;f]hdf k|bLk g]kfns} ;Dkfbgdf klqsf k|sflzt ePsf] kfOG5 . )%@ ;fpgb]lv )%# k';;Dd k|wfg ;Dkfbssf ¿kdf sd/]8 zª\s/ kf]v/]nn] 5 cª\s k|sflzt ug'{ePsf] 5 . )%$ c;f]hb]lv )%^ c;f]h;Dd …gjo'uÚsf] k| wfg–;Dkfbs sd/]8 dfwjs'df/ g]kfn /xg'eof] . of] cjlwdf hDdf rf/ cª\s k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . )%^ k';b]lv …gjo'uÚnfO{ k'gM btf{ u/L sd/]8 k|bLk g]kfn k| wfg–;Dkfbs /xL )^$ j}zfv;Dd k|foM lgoldt ¿kdf dfl;s, kflIfs / k'gM dfl;s x'“b} k|sflzt eof] . Psk6s kf6L{sf] ;+of]hssf cltl/Qm tLgk6s k| wfg–;Dkfbssf ¿kdf sl/a !) jif{ g]t[Tj ug]{ cj;/ sd/]8 k|bLk g]kfnn] kfpg'eof] eg] ;do cjlwsf lx;fan] ;aeGbf 5f]6f] ;dosf] k|wfg–;Dkfbs sd/]8 emngfy vgfn /xg'eof] . )^! df3kl5 tLg cª\s k|sflzt x'g ;s]g . )^$ h]7b]lv o;sf] k| wfg–;Dkfbs sd/]8 /3'hL kGt aGg'eof] . Ps jif{sf] lgoldt k|sfzgkl5 )^% c;f/b]lv xfn;Dd k|wfg–;Dkfbssf ¿kdf sd/]8 O{Zj/ kf]v/]nn] o;sf] g]t[Tj ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . u|fxs cleofgsf] cg'ej kf6L{ sfdsf] cleGg cª\usf ¿kdf …gjo'uÚnfO{ cl3 a9fpg u|fxs ;ª\Vof lj:tf/ ug]{ / o;nfO{ lgoldt agfpg] sfd )%^ k';b]lv of]hgfa4 ¿kdf ePsf] kfOG5 . )%^ r}tb]lv …gjo'uÚ /fhgLlts klqsfsf ¿kdf ¿kfGt/0f ul/of] . )%& h]7;Dd k'Ubfsf] of] 5f]6f] cjlwdf g} …gjo'uÚsf] u|fxs ;ª\Vof !^ xhf/ k'Uof] . o;af6 pT;flxt ag]sf] kf6L{ k|rf/ ljefun] %) xhf/ x'“b} Ps nfv;Dd … gjo'uÚsf] u|fxs ;ª\Vof k'¥ofpg] dxŒjfsfª\IfL of]hgf cl3 a9fof] . kf6L{ s]Gb| Lo sld6Lsf tkm{af6 …Ps ;ª\ul7t ;b:o, Ps gjo'uÚ eGg] gf/fnfO{ cl3 a9fof] . )%& dª\l;/b]]lv o;nfO{ kflIfs ¿kdf k|sflzt ul/of] . )%& kmfu'g dlxgf …gjo'uÚsf] u|fxs ;ª\Vofsf b[li6n] ;aeGbf pTs[i6 /x\of] . $) xhf/k|lt …gjo'uÚ k|sflzt eP klg @% xhf/eGbf dfly …gjo'uÚsf u|fxs lyP . &% lhNnfdWo] b'O{ b'O{ lhNnf h'Dnf / afh'/fdf dfq u|fxs agfpg ;lsPsf] lyPg . kf6L{sf ;Dk"0f{ If]qdf …gjo'uÚsf] u|fxs cleofg lj:tfl/t ePsf] lyof] . :jb]zsf sld6L / ;b:ox¿ dfq geO{ ljb]zdf ;d]t u|fxssf dfWodaf6 kf6L{ k'u]sf] lyof] . … gjo'uÚsf] sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;Dkfbsaf6 qmdzM ;Dkfbs d08n, o;sf] ahf/ Joj:yfks, …gjo'uÚsf] u|fxs ;ª\Vof x]/L c~rnut ;+jfbbftf cf7 c~rndf, lj1fkg ;ª\sng / To;df dftxt sld6LnfO{ cfly{s lge{/tfsf] kIf, u|fxs z'Nssf] @ % k|ltzt :yfgLo sld6Ln] …gjo'uÚ ljt/0fs} nflu vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf, o;sf] dfWodaf6 lhNnf sld6Lx¿n] k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ agfpg ;Sg]h:tf tNnf] sld6L / cfwf/e"t txsf] sfdk|ltsf] k|oTg kf6L{sf tkm{af6 x'“b} cfPsf 5g\ . sf7df8f}“, ¿kGb]xL, tgx'“, lrtjg, kfNkf, sf:sL / u'NdL lhNnfdf dfq % xhf/ % ;o $% u|fxs ;ª\Vof lyof] . !^ lhNnfdf % ;oeGbf dfly u|fxs ;ª\Vof k'u]sf] lyof] . )%* df3b]lv u|fxs ;ª\Vof 36]sf] k|lt lrGtf JoQm ub}{ klqsfnfO{ k'gM dfl;s agfOof] . )^@ r}t dlxgf u|fxs ;ª\Vofsf b[li6n] sdhf]/ b]lvG5 . $@ lhNnfdf …gjo'uÚsf u|fxs lyPgg\ . …gjo'uÚsf] u|fxs ;ª\Vofsf] Psrf}yfO ;ª\Vof dfq sfod /fVg ;lsof] . kf6L{sf] cfwf/ /fd|f] /x]sf ;'ud If]qsf klg w]/} lhNnfx¿ u|fxsz"Go 5g\ . …Ps kl/jf/ Ps gjo'uÚsf] Jofjxfl/s gf/fnfO{ klg xfdLn] Jojxf/df ptfg{ ;s]sf 5}gf}“ . xfn klg @( lhNnfx¿ …gjo'uÚsf] u|fxssf b[li6n] z"Go 5g . ;'?sf /fd|f lbgdf …gjo'uÚsf] ;DkfbsLo k|foM u|fxs;“u ;DalGwt g} x'GYof] eg] kl5Nnf lbgdf jif{sf] Psk6s dfq pNn]v x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lb]lv dftxtsf sld6Lsf] g]t[Tjdf a;]/ of] cleofgk| lt pbfl;gtf b]vfpg] k|j[lQnfO{ x6fpg'afx]s csf]{ ljsNk xfdL;“u 5}g . u|fxs lj:tf/sf] of]hgf … gjo'uÚnfO{ ;fdlos ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ k|rf/ ljefun] euL/y k|oTg u/]sf] 5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] /fhgLlts klqsf ePsfn] kf6L{sf gLlt, l;4fGt / ultljlwsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg], sltko k|lts"ntfdf kf6L{sf ultljlw x'g g;s]sf If]qdf /fhgLlt k'¥ofP/ Pdfn]sf] cf:yf arfO/fVg ;ª\u7ssf] sfd klg o;n] u/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ kf6L{ ;b:ox¿sf] ;femf agfpg df]km;n, kl/ro, Oltxf;, ljrf/, ultljlw, k]|/s k|;ª\u, ;dfrf/, hLjgL, b]zbz{g, >dlzjL/, kf7s k|ltlqmof, ;"rgf aS;h:tf ljifo ;dfj]z;d]t ul/of] . u|fxs lj:tf/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg kf6L{sf c~rn, lhNnf Pjd\ hgjuL{o ;ª\u7gsf k|rf/ ljefu k|d'vx¿sf] /fli6«o e]nf, If]qLo e]nf, c~rn e]nf;d]t ;do–;dodf cfof]hgf ePsf 5g\ . kf6L{ g]t[Tjn] ;d]t …gjo'uÚnfO{ :t/Lo agfpg n]v÷/rgfx¿ dfUg], u|fxs lj:tf/sf nflu PsLs[t of]hgfdf nufpg kf6L{ g]t[Tj;“u ;+o'Qm a}7s a:g] l:yltsf] oy]i7 hfgsf/L u/fpg] sfd klg ePsf] 5 . )%^ k';b]lv )%( df3;Dddf s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg ljefusf] %^ j6f a}7sx¿ ;DkGg ePsfdf rf/j6f a}7sdf dfq …gjo'uÚsf] Ph]G8f 5}g . kf6L{ dxf;lrj Psk6s a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g'ePsf] kfOG5 . ;ftf}“ dxflwj]zgkl5 cfh;Dd %* j6f a}7s ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . tL ;a}df … gjo'uÚsf] Ph]G8f 5 . sfdsf cfwf/df d"Nofª\sg ug]{, /fd|f] sfd ug]{ lhNnf sld6Lx¿nfO{ k'/:sf/ lbg] k|0ffnLsf] ;'?cft klg kf6L{leq …gjo'uÚ klqsfsf] sf/0fn] g} ePsf] 5 . k|To]s jif{ dª\l;/ & ut] …gjo'u lbj;Ú dgfpg] / jif{ k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug]{ k/Dk/fsf] yfngL )%& dª\l;/af6 x'“b} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] Psflt/ /rgfTds sfddf k|lt:kwf{ u/fcf];\ eGg] xfdL rfxG5f}“ eg] /fd|f] sfd u/]afkt ;Ddfg klg . of] sfo{qmd ljleGg If]qdf ubf{ u|fxs lj:tf/sf cltl/Qm ;DalGwt sld6Lx¿sf] lqmofzLntfnfO{ klg pT;flxt agfPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd sf7df8f}“, lj/f6gu/, kf]v/f, lrtjg, x]6f}“8f / ;'v]{tdf xfdLn] …gjo'u lbj;Ú dgfO;s]sf 5f}“ . … gjo'uÚnfO{ cleofgsf ¿kdf nfg] qmddf sf7df8f}“, kf]v/f / a'6jnaf6 Ps};fy k|sfzgsf] sfd klg xfdLn] ;DkGg u/]sf 5f}“ . ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf ;fd"lxs klqsf laqmL ub}{ hg:t/df k|rf/sf] sfd klg xfdLn] u/]sf 5f}“ . …gjo'uÚ;“u ;DalGwt /x]/ xflh/Lhjfkm k|ltof]lutf, k|Zgf]Q/ ljwf klg ;doqmddf ;DkGg gul/Psf] xf]Og . cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf cg'ejx¿ / cfsif{0fsf kIfnfO{ ;d]6\b} /fli6«o cfjZostfsf ljifodf klg …gjo'uÚn] hf]8 lbPs} 5 . xfn;Dd cfGbf]ng ljz]iffª\s, dgdf]xg :d[lt cª\s, dbg–cfl>t :d[lt cª\s, b:tfj]h cª\s, ;+ljwfg;ef ljz]iffª\s / u0ftGq ljz]iffª\s klg k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . oL ;a} tYox¿sf] hfgsf/L Pdfn] kª\lQmleq yf]/}nfO{ dfq 5 . w]/}nfO{ hfgsf/L eP … gjo'uÚsf] u|fxs gaGg] gu/ jf uflj; x'“b}gy] xf]nfg\, hgjuL{o ;ª\u7gn] klg o;sf] dxŒj a'em\y] xf]nfg\, s]Gb|Lo lgsfo, ljefu / k|m\ofS;gsf ;b:ox¿n] klg …gjo'uÚ vf]Hy] xf]nfg\ . of] ;a}sf] Pp6} cf}iflw 5– gk9]/} :t/Lo 5}g eg]/ l6Kk0fL ul//xg] k|j[lQ ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . l;Sg'kg]{ kIf Ps ;do …gjo'uÚsf] u|fxs gag]sf] JolQm Pdfn]sf] ;b:o x'g ;Sb}g eGYof}“ . Ps nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf ;ª\ul7t ;b:o ePsf] kf6L{n] pTsif{sf a]nf klg $) xhf/ ;ª\Vof s6fpg ;s]gf}“ . xfn cfP/ …Ps kl/jf/ Ps gjo'uÚsf] Jofjxfl/s gLlt cjnDag ug{ k'u]sf 5f}“ . )^! k';sf] ;DkfbsLodf …lhNnf sld6L ;b:o gjo'u gk9\g]nfO{ xfdLn] hf]ufP/ g} clxn];Dd /fv]sf 5f}“Ú, …gjo'usf] u|fxs agfpg g;Sg] lhNnf sld6Lx¿ /fhgLlts ¿kdf lghL{j x'g]5g\ eGg' xfd|f] bfloTj xf]Ú eGb} ;a}nfO{ ;r]t agfp“b} cfPsf 5f}“ . tyflk, ;d:of ;dfwfg eg] x'g;s]sf] 5}g . o;sf sf/0fx¿dWo] …gjo'uÚdf /fd|f] ug]{nfO{ k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf eP klg gug]{nfO{ b08sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsPg . kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf g]tfx¿ ePs} lhNnfx¿ u|fxsz"Go x'“bf klg hjfkmb]xLtf s;}n] lng' gkg] { ePkl5 c~rn / lhNnf sld6Lsf ;b:o u|fxs ag]gg\ . ha agfpg] g]t[TjbfoL sld6Lsf g]tfx¿ g} u|fxs aGb}gg\ eg] p;sf] dftxtdf u|fxs s;n] agfp“5 < kf6L{ sfdsf] d"Nofª\sgsf] Pp6f dfkb08 o;nfO{ agfPsf] 5}g . g]tfx¿ o;df ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] 8'a]/ nfUg] eGbf klg k|rf/df cfpg / ;dfrf/df 5fpgdf hf]8 lbg] k| j[lQ klg ;d:ofs} ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . cln u|fxs a9] Ps nfv;Ddsf] dxŒjfsfª\IfL of]hgf agfpg], s]xL xhf/ u|fxs aGbf Ao'/f]af6} k|sfzg ug]{ u/L pT;flxt eP klg To;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg g;Sg'n] oL sfd ;a} c:yfoL k|j[lQs} 7fGg] dgf]lj1fg ljsf; x'g' / xfnsf] ;d:ofsf] r'/f]sf ¿kdf …kf6L{sf] d'vkqnfO{ pGgt Pjd\ lj:tf/ ug{ gnfUg] g]tf / kf6L{sf cflwsfl/s wf/0ff gk9\g], gk9fpg] sfo{stf{Ú g} dfGg'k5{ . …gjo'uÚnfO{ u|fxs;Dd k'¥ofpg] ;xh dfWod gx'g' klg ;d:ofs} ¿kdf lng'k5{ . ;|]:tfdf dfq sld6L aGg] / rNg] cEof; ePsf sld6Lsf xsdf eg] lqmofzLn x'g'k5{ eGg] eo klg x'g;S5 . o;y{, ljutaf6 lzIff ln“b} ;a}nfO{ hjfkmb]xL aGg] u/L kf6L{kª\lQm s]Gb|b]lv tn;Dd nfUg], … gjo'uÚsf] u|fxs gag]sf] ;b:o xfnnfO{ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgb]lv lhNnf clwj]zg;Dd r'lgg gkfpg] Joj:yf u/] dfq klg @( lhNnfsf] z"GotfnfO{ tTsfn cGTo ug{ ;lsG5 . …gjo'uÚsf] sfd Jojl:yt ug]{ lhNnf sld6Laf6 Ps hgfnfO{ dfq eP klg dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw agfpg] Joj:yf eof] eg] o;sf] cfsif{0f a9\g ;S5 . xfnnfO{ u|fxs lj:tf/sf nflu sDtLdf lgDg of]hgf dfq nfu" u/] klg Ps xb;Dd /fxt k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 . …gjo'uÚsf] u|fxs ;ª\Vof sDtLdf klg @) xhf/ k'¥ofpg lgDg u|fxs of]hgf nfu" ug'{ pko'Qm b]lvG5 . s]Gb|Lo sld6L, s]Gb|Lo lgsfo u/L ! ;o @( hgf, s]Gb|Lo k|m\ofS;g % ;o **, s]Gb|Lo ljefu @ ;o *#, c~rn sld6L @ ;o #), lhNnf sld6L ;b:ox¿ @ xhf/ ! ;o $), Onfsf sld6Lsf] ;ª\Vof ! xhf/ @ /x]sfdf o;df ;/b/ !! ;b:oLo sld6L dfGbf !! xhf/ @@, sld6Lut lx;fadf kf6L{sf] c~rn sld6L, lhNnf sld6L, lgjf{rg If]q ;dGjo sld6L, Onfsf sld6L, zfvf sld6L, hgjuL{o ;ª\u7gsf] s]Gb| tyf lhNnf sld6L;Dd ^ xhf/ ( ;o $$ af6 hDdf ;ª\Vof @! xhf/ # ;o #^ x'g cfp“5 . o;af6 xfdL @) xhf/sf] xfd|f] nIonfO{ k"/f ug{ ;S5f}“ . cGTodf, /fhfsf] k|ltudgsf/L sbdsf] lj?4b]lv /fhtGqsf] pGd"ng;Ddsf] n8fO“df …gjo'uÚ ;femf ;ª\3if{sf] df]rf{df v8f lyof], nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf / To;sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ug]{ n8fO“df cu|0fL e"ldsf lgefp“b} cfPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] cleofgdf …gjo'uÚn] v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf] dxŒj Oltxf;df :jl0f{d /xg]5 . ljifos]lGb|t ljz]iffª\sn] xfdLnfO{ k]|/0ff lbO/xg]5 . …gjo'uÚn] e"ldut k|sfzgb]lv ;xsf/L k|sfzgsf] ofqf;Dd kf/ u/]sf] 5 . ;aeGbf a9L u|fxs ePsf] /fhgLlts klqsfsf ¿kdf / sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] d'vkqsf] lg/Gt/tfsf ¿kdf g]skf -Pdfn]_sf tkm{af6} x'g' lgZro g} Pp6f ;sf/fTds sbd xf] . lgliqmotf, cfn:o / cN5Lkgf Tofuf}“, j}rfl/s ;ª\3if{nfO{ wfl/nf] agfpg … gjo'uÚsf] u|fxs agf}“, o;sf] cWoog u/f}“ / u/fcf}“ . !(cf}“ jif{uf“7sf] z'esfdgf †  ljQLo ;ª\s6 / ljZj cy{tGqdf kg{;Sg] c;/  8f= o'j/fh vltj8f != k[i7e"ld k'“hLjfbL ljZj cy{Joj:yfdf lgoldt cfsl:dstfsf] ¿kdf cfly{s dGbL / ;ª\s6 cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !(#) tfsfsf] dGbL;Dd o:tf r/d cfly{s ;ª\s6x¿ k|To]s ^) jif{sf] cGt/fndf cfpg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 eg] To;kl5 k|To]s #) jif{leq g} o:tf] ;ª\s6 b]lvg yfn]sf] xf] . ;g\ !(*& sf] cd]l/sL k'“hL ahf/df cfPsf] ;ª\s6;Dd of] qmd hf/L lyof] . t/, To;kl5sf] ;dodf k|To]s !) jif{df s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] cGt/f{li6«o jf If]qLo ljQLo ;ª\s6 b]vfkg{ yfn]sf] 5 . ;g\ ! ((&–(* sf] Pl;ofnL ljQLo ;ª\s6 / ;g\ @))* df cd]l/sfnufotsf cf}Bf]lus d'n'sx¿df b]vfk/]sf] k'“hL ahf/sf] ;d:of / o;n] pTkGg u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s ;ª\s6 o;sf HjnGt pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ . cGt/f{li6«o k'“hLsf] 7"nf] kl/df0f / b'|t ultdf eO/x]sf] o;sf] k|jfx, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/sf] If]qdf ePsf] ljsf; / To;n] ljZj cy{tGqnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] nufgLsf] ;~hfn, cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f / ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] gLlt cg'¿k ljZj cy{tGq;“u cfkm\gf] cy{tGqnfO{ PsLs[t ub}{ n}hfg] /fli6«o cy{gLltsf] 9f“rf / pbf/Ls/0fnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ lgodg (regulation)sf] cefjh:tf s'/fx¿n] cfly{s ;ª\s6 l56f]l56f] lgDTofpg 7"nf] e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ . cfly{s Joj:yfkgsf sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f 9Ng k'u]sf s]xL ;dfhjfbL cy{tGqnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ahf/ cy{tGq g} ;a}eGbf s'zn / k| efjsf/L cfly{s k|0ffnL xf] eGg] lgSof]{ndf k'u]sf d'n's / ltgLx¿n] cjnDag u/]sf 5f8f cfly{s gLltx¿ g} ljZjdf af/Daf/ cfly{s ;ª\s6 lgDTofpg] sf/s ag]sf 5g\ . o;n] ;dfhjfbL cy{tGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ / k'“hLjfbL ljZj cy{Joj:yfsf] a]nufd ultnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ pko'Qm cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . @= ljQLo ;ª\s6sf sf/0fx¿ k'“hLjfbL cy{Joj:yfdf ;/sf/ cfly{s lqmofsnfkdf xft xfNg' x'Gg, lghL If]qn] g} ahf/sf] dfWodaf6 nufgL / pTkfbgsf] ljj]szLn lg0f{o ug{ ;S5 / d'gfkmfn] ;a} lqmofsnfknfO{ pT;flxt ug]{ x'gfn] /fHon] d'gfkmfsf] cj;/ l;h{gf ul/lbP k'U5 eGg] wf/0ff /fV5 . cfly{s j[l4 eP ul/aL x6\g], /f]huf/ a9\g] / d'n's ;d[4 x'g] tyf of] cfly{s j[l4sf nflu ahf/ cy{tGq ;a}eGbf pko'Qm k|0ffnL x'g] wf/0ff k'“hLjfbL ljZjsf] xf] . t/, lghL If]qsf] nufgLaf6 dfq of] ;Dej x'g] s'/} xf]Og . ax';ª\Vos ul/a, lk5l8Psf ju{, If]q, hflt cflbn] cfly{s j[l4sf] nfe lng g;s]sf] tYo ljZjJofkL ¿kdf b]lvPs} 5 . cd]l/sf klg o;df ckjfb 5}g . To;}n] o; d'n'sn] ;g\ !(&& df Pp6f P]g NofO{ 3/ljxLg cd]l/sLx¿nfO{ ljQLo k|0ffnLaf6 C0f pknAw u/fO{ 3/ lgdf{0f–vl/bdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] / o;sf nflu ;/sf/n] ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ k'“hL pknAw u/fpg] gLlt lnof] . !(() sf] bzsdf of] qmd tLj| /x\of] . kl5Nnf jif{x¿df t 3/hUufdf cf“vf lrDn]/ nufgL ug]{ xf]8 g} rNof] . ljQLo ; +:yfx¿af6 ;/n Jofhb/ / ls:tfaGbLdf 3/ lsGg kfPsf lgDgdWod juL{o cd]l/sLx¿ 3/ lsGg nfnflot eP, kmn:j¿k 3/–hUufsf] d"No cfsfl;g yfNof] . csf{lt/ Aofª\ssf] Jofhb/ klg a9\b} hfg] / ls:tfaGbLsf] /sd Aofª\s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ltg{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf 3/–hUuf vl/b ug]{ u|fxsx¿ k'u] . qmdzM Aofª\ssf] C0f ltg{ g;Sg] C0fLx¿sf] cg'kft a9\b} hf“bf Aofª\sx¿sf] C0f 8'Ag] l:ylt aGg yfNof] eg] Aofª\sx¿sf] t/ntf (liquidity) 36\g] / v/fa ;DklQ (bad assets)sf] cg'kft a9\g] qmdn] Aofª\s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿k|lt ljZjf; 36\g yfNof] . v/fa C0f ldgfxf ug'{k/]sf sf/0f;d]t w]/} Aofª\sx¿ 3f6fdf hfg yfn] / lwtf]kq ahf/df ltgLx¿sf] ;]o/ d"Nodf ef/L lu/fj6 cfpg yfNof] . ;]o/ ahf/df Aofª\s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;]o/ d"Nodf cfPsf] lu/fj6n] Go'of]s{sf] jfnl:6«6 :6s PS;r]Gh x'“b} ljZjsf 7"nf ;]o/ ahf/x¿df w]/}h;f] ;]o/sf] d"No wdfwd 36\g yfNof] . ;]o/ d"Nodf PsltxfO;Dd lu/fj6 cfp“bf ;]o/wgLx¿sf] ;DklQ :jtM x|f; eO{ pgLx¿sf] pkef]u Ifdtf 36\g yfNof] . pkef]usf] dfu 36\g] l:yltn] pTkfbg 36fpg afWo x'g] l:ylt aGof] . 7"n7"nf sf/ sDkgLx¿, lgdf{0f sDkgLx¿ / pkef]Uo ;fdfg pTkfbg ug] { sDkgLx¿ pTkfbg 36fpg'kg]{ cj:yfdf /f]huf/df s6f}tL ug{ yfn] . /, cGTodf o;n] cf}Bf]lus d'n'stkm{ lgof{t ug]{ d'n'sx¿sf] pTkfbg / /f]huf/df ;d]t gsf/fTds c;/ kf¥of] . To;}n] cd]l/sfsf] a}ª\lsª\ tyf ljQLo If]qaf6 ;'? ePsf] cfly{s ;d:of ljZj cy{tGqsf] ;ª\s6df ¿kfGt/0f x'g k'Uof] . csf]{lt/ k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ / vfBfGgnufot vlgh j:t'x¿sf] d"No cfsfl;Psf sf/0f d'b|f:k|mLlt tLj| ePsfn] o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{sf nflu s]Gb|Lo Aofª\sx¿n] s7f]/ df}lb|s gLlt cjnDag ug{ yfn] . o;qmddf Aofhb/ a9\g] / Aofª\sx¿n] t/ntfsf] dfu k"/f ug{ s]Gb|Lo Aofª\saf6 shf{ kfpg ;Sg] cj;/ sd x'g yfNof] . cfkm\gf] :jfldTjdf ePsf C0fkqx¿ -3/hUufdf nufgL a9fpg hf/L ul/Psf aG8x¿_sf] t/ntf klg sfod /xg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf Aofª\sx¿n] u| fxssf] C0f / art lkmtf{sf] dfu k"/f ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf cfof] . o; qmddf s]xL 7"nf Aofª\sx¿n] cfkm" 6f6 kN6]sf] 3f]if0ff u/] eg] sltkon] c¿ Aofª\sx¿df ufleg OR5f k|s6 u/] . o;/L ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ 6f6 kN6g], ufleg] jf csf] { Aofª\sn] :jfldTj lng] qmd cd]l/sf / o'/f]kdf tLj| ¿kdf km}ln“bf ljZjs} ljQLo k|0ffnLdflysf] ljZjf; ;ª\s6df k¥of] . art tyf nufgLstf{x¿ cfkm\gf] ;fwg;|f]t ;'/lIft /fVg] pks/0fsf] vf]hLdf nfUbf ;'gsf] tyf gub 8n/sf] dfudf j[l4 x'g yfNof] . dWok"j{sf d'n'sx¿n] pRr d"Nodf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ a]r]/ cfh{g u/]sf] /sd klg log} pks/0fx¿df /fVg] k|j[lQ a9]sfn] ;'g / cd]l/sL 8n/sf] efp a9\of] eg] s]xL nufgLstf{x¿n] ;/sf/L C0fkqdf ;d]t nufgL ug{ ;'/lIft 7fg]sfn] o:tf pks/0fsf] Jofhb/ klg :jfQ} 36]/ Ps k|ltzteGbf tn em¥of] . ;:tf] Aofhb/df C0f p7fpg kfpg] ePaf6 vf;u/L cd]l/sL cy{Joj:yf 7"nf] ah]6 3f6fsf] cj:yfaf6 u'h|g yfln;s]sf] 5 eg] ?U0f ljQLo ; +:yfx¿nfO{ k'“hL lgj]if ug'{k/]sf] sf/0fn] ;d]t ;f] ah]6 3f6f lj:tf/ eO{ cfly{s cl:y/tf pTkGg ePsf] 5 . o;sf] c;/ ljZj cy{tGqdf ;d]t kg]{ cj:yf 5 . csf{lt/, k'“hL ahf/df pTkGg ePsf gof“–gof“ ljQLo pks/0fx¿n] klg ljQLo ;ª\s6 lgDTofpg ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . C0fnfO{ ;]So'l/6Ls/0f ug]{, Pp6f C0f lbPsf] sfuhnfO{ hdfgtdf /fvL csf]{ C0f lng], ;]o/d"No ;"rL 36a9 x'g] s'/fdf afhL /fvL sf/f]af/ ug]{, pks/0fsf] klg pks/0f (derivative)sf] sf/f]af/ km}ln“b} hfg] / oL sf/f]af/x¿df lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] /]vb]v gk'Ug] tyf ljQLo nufgLstf{n] oL pks/0fx¿sf] c;'/lIft l:ylt a'em\g g;Sg] x'“bf klg Pp6f sDkgL w/fzoL x'“bf To;;“u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] w]/} sDkgLx¿ :jtM ;ª\s6df kg]{ l:ylt ag]sf] xf] . ;Dk"0f{ ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] nufgL h'jfem}“ clglZrt x'g yfn]kl5 k'“hLjfbL cy{Joj:yf Sofl;gf] cy{tGqdf ¿kfGtl/t ePsf] 5 / o;df xfg]{ w]/} / lhTg] yf]/} ePsf 5g\ . dfly pNn]v ul/Psf s'/fx¿ ljZj cfly{s ;ª\s6df tfTsflns sf/0fx¿ x'g\ . of] ;ª\s6sf] jf:tljs sf/0f eg]sf] k'“hLjfbL cy{Joj:yfdf cGt/lglxt cGt/lj/f]w g} xf] . pTkfbg j[l4lagfsf] cfo j[l4 u/fpg] k'“hL ahf/, sDkgLsf] cfly{s IfdtfnfO{ eGbf u|fxsx¿sf] dgf]lj1fg / k|j[lQnfO{ a9L k|ltljlDat ug]{ ;]o/ d"No, ef}lts pkl:ylt g} gePsf pks/0fx¿df Jofkf/ tyf ;§]afhL / …nf]e g} eujfg\ xf], nf]enfO{ k"hÚ eGg] ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;n] sfNklgs k'“hL lgdf{0f ePsf] x'“bf ldYof k'“hLsf] cfwf/df l6s]sf] cy{tGq ;do–;dodf w/fzoL x'g' :jfefljs xf] . ;du|df eGg'kbf{ jf:tljs pTkfbg / cfosf] w/ftndf g6]s]sf] cGt/f{li6«o k'“hL ahf/ clxn]sf] ;ª\s6sf] k[i7e"ld xf] . #= ljZj cy{tGqdf c;/ cd]l/sL cy{tGqn] ljZj cy{tGqsf] Psrf}yfO c+z cf]u6]sf] 5 . cd]l/sf ; +;f/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ x'g] d'n's xf] eg] w]/} Pl;ofnL d'n'sx¿sf] k|d'v ahf/ klg oxL xf] . of] cy{tGqdf cfpg] ;ª\s6n] ;+;f/sf cGo b]zx¿df lgDg dfWodaf6 gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{5M -s_ Pl;ofnL d'n'sx¿sf] lgof{t 36\g], -v_ cd]l/sf / o'/f]kdf vkt x'g] j:t' / ;]jf pTkfbg ug]{ d'n'sx¿df j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf cj;/ 36\g], -u_ cf}Bf]lus d'n'sx¿af6 ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx¿n] k|fKt ug]{ ;xfotf /sd 36\g ;Sg], -3_ cfly{s dGbLn] ulx/f] k|efj kf/]sf] cj:yfdf klZrdL d'n'sx¿af6 cfpg] ko{6sx¿ 36\g], -ª_ ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx¿df eO/x]sf] k|ToIf ljb]zL nufgL kms{g] jf gof“ nufgL gcfpg] . Pl;ofnL d'n'sx¿dWo] rLg, sf]l/of, ef/t, yfONofG8h:tf cd]l/sfsf] ahf/df lge{/ cy{tGqx¿df cd]l/sL ljQLo ;ª\s6sf] c;/ kg{ yfln;s]sf] 5 . rLgn] cfkm\gf] cfly{s j[l4b/ b'O{ k|ltzt ljGb'n] 36\g] cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 eg] ef/tn] klg To:t} cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfdf dft[;+:yf /x]sf ;+:yfut nufgLstf{x¿n] ef/taf6 cfkm\gf] nufgL lkmtf{ n}hfg vf]Hbf ef/tLo ;]o/ ahf/df ;d]t ;]o/ d"No 36]/ Ps jif{cl3sf] :t/af6 cfwL eO;s]sf] 5 . ;]o/ ahf/dfkm{t ljb]zLx¿sf] ;+:yfut nufgL aflxl/g] qmd a9]sfn] ef/tLo d'b|f cd]l/sL 8n/;“u sl/a @$ k|ltztn] cjd"Nog eO;s]sf] 5 . o;af6 ef/tLo cy{Joj:yfdf ;d]t cl:y/tf pTkGg ePsf] 5 . o;af6 ef/tLo cy{Joj:yfdf ;d]t cl:y/tf pTkGg ePsf] 5 . cfO;NofG8sf] ljQLo k|0ffnL ;ª\s6u|:t x'“bf hd{gLsf Aofª\sx¿ ;d:ofu|:t x'g] jf a]nfotsf Aofª\sx¿ ;d:ofu|:t x'“bf k"jL{ Pl;ofsf] Aofª\lsª\ If]qdf klg t/ª\u pTkGg x'g] cj:yfn] clxn] ljZjJofkL ¿kdf uDeL/ cfly{s cl:y/tf / nfdf] dGbLsf] ;'?jft eO;s]sf] 5 . o;af6 clxn];Dd ul/aL lgjf/0f, dfgj ljsf; / ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug]{tkm{ ePsf k|ultx¿ cj? 4 x'g] l:ylt l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . $= g]kfndf kg{;Sg] c;/ g]kfndf ljZjJofkL cfly{s ;ª\s6sf] c;/ kb}{g eGg] wf/0ffx¿ ;/sf/sf lhDd]jf/ lgsfox¿n] JoQm ul//x] klg jf:tljstf Tof] xf]Og . ljZj cfly{s ;ª\s6sf] k|efj g]kfndf k|ToIftM d'n'ssf] lgof{tdf cfpg ;Sg] sdL, j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf cj;/x¿ u'Dg ;Sg] cj:yf, cf}Bf]lus d'n'sx¿af6 g]kfnn] kfpg ;Sg] ;xfotf, ko{6s cfudg tyf k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL cfk|jfxh:tf dfWodaf6 x'g ;Sg] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 . o;afx]s ef/tLo cy{tGqn] a]xf]g'{k/]sf] wSsfdfkm{t g]kfnn] s]xL ;d:ofx¿ ef]Ug'kg]{ x'G5 . ef/tLo d'b|f;“u g]kfnL d'b|f cfa4 ePsf sf/0f cd]l/sL 8n/;“u ef/tLo ?lkof“ ljut s]xL dlxgfotf @$ k|ltzt;Ddn] cjd"Nog x'“bf g]kfnL ?lkof“ klg 8n/;“u To:t} cg'kftdf cjd"Nog eO;s]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{eGbf pRr cfly{s j[l4 / :yfloTj ePsf a]nf g]kfnL d'b|fsf] of] cjd"Nog cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s ;ª\s6s} pkh xf] eGg] a'em\g'kb{5 . g]kfnsf] tof/L kf];fs / s]xL dfqfdf un}“rfsf] ahf/ cd]l/sf xf] eg] t];|f] d'n'stkm{ lgof{t x'g] clwsf+z j:t'x¿sf] ahf/ o'/f]k / cd]l/sf g} x'g\ . oL d'n'sx¿df cfpg] dGbLn] g]kfnsf] lgof{tnfO{ ;ª\s'lrt t'Nofpg] ;Defjgf 5 . cf}Bf]lus d'n'sx¿n] ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx¿nfO{ lbg] ljb]zL ;xfotfeGbf w]/} u'0ff a9L /sd ljQLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ psf:g vr{ ug'{k/]sf] 5 . cd]l/sf, a]nfot / hd{gLn] Aofª\sx¿nfO{ 6f6 kN6gaf6 hf]ufpg /fli6«os/0f, k'“hLs/0f / C0f k|bfg ug]{ sfo{x¿dfkm{t @) va{ 8n/eGbf a9L vr{ ug'{k/]sf] b]lvG5, h'g oL d'n'sx¿sf] j}b]lzs ;xfotf /sdeGbf kf“r u'0ff a9L 5 . of] l:yltdf cNkljsl;t d'n'sx¿n] kfp“b} cfPsf] ;xfotf a9\g]eGbf 36\g] ;Defjgf a9L 5 / g]kfn klg o;af6 k|efljt x'g]5 . g]kfn cfpg] PsltxfO ko{6sx¿ klg klZrdL d'n'sx¿af6 g} cfpg] ub{5g\ . k'“hL ahf/dfkm{t ePsf] gf]S;fgL, cfly{s j[l4b/ z"Gok|foM x'g] cj:yf / a9\bf] a]/f]huf/Ln] ubf{ To;tkm{af6 g]kfn cfpg] ko{6ssf] ;ª\Vofdf klg sdL cfpg ;Sg]5 . g]kfnsf] s[lif If]qkl5 ;a}eGbf a9L /f]huf/ lbg] If]q j}b]lzs >d ahf/ klg ljZjJofkL dGbLsf] sf/0f k|efljt x'g] b]lvG5 . k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"No s]xL dlxgfcl3sf] :t/af6 ^) k|ltzt sd ePsf] cj:yfdf To; If]qdf nufgL 36\g] / t]n pTkfbs d'n'sx¿sf] cfly{s lqmofsnfk ;+/lrt x'g] x'“bf dWok"j{df g]kfnsf >ldsx¿sf] dfu sd x'g ;Sg]5 . o;afx]s k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgLsf] cfk| jfx 36\g uO{ :jb]zdf l;h{gf x'g] /f]huf/df ;d]t k|lts"n c;/ kg{;Sg] b]lvG5 . %= jt{dfg ;ª\s6n] k'“hLjfbL cy{tGqdfly pAhfPsf] k|Zg k'“hLjfbL cy{Joj:yfdf l56f]–l56f] / ck"j{ ¿kdf b]vfkg{ yfn]sf cfly{s ;ª\s6x¿n] of] cy{ k|0ffnL st} ;ª\qmd0fsf] cj:yfdf t k'u]sf] xf]Og eGg] k| Zg p7\g' :jfefljs xf] . Aofª\s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfgx¿sf] /fli6«os/0f ul/g', lghL If]qsf d'gfkmfvf]/ / ;§]afhx¿nfO{ /fHosf]ifaf6 ljQLo ;xof]u ug'{kg] { cj:yf cfpg' / clgolGqt ahf/ k|0ffnL c;kmn x'g'n] o;sf] ;ª\s]t ub{5g\ . t/, k'“hLjfbL cy{ Joj:yf o:tf em8\sfaf6 ;dfKt x'G5 eGg' ckl/kSj ;f]r x'ghfG5 . k'“hLjfbn] s]xL xb;Dd ;dfhjfbsf /fd|f kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]6\b} ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, cfwf/e"t ;]jfdf ;j{;'ne kx'“r / pTkfbgdf k|ljlwsf] pkof]udf xfl;n u/]sf] pknlAwn] ubf{ o; cGtu{t a9\bf] cfosf] c;dfgtf, a]/f]huf/L / ul/aLaLr klg k'“hLjfb l6ls/xg ;Sg] b]lvG5 . csf{lt/, k'“hLjfb 9n] klg Toxf“ ;dfhjfb nfu" x'g] ;+:yf, ;+/rgf / /fHo Joj:yf df}h'b gx'“bf ToxL k'“hLjfbn] g} k'gMhLjg kfpg ;Sg] l:ylt klg 5 . To:t} k'“hLjfbsf] ;fdflhsLs/0f x'g] ;Defjgfrflx“ 5, h'g /fHo Jojl:yt k'“hLjfb g} xf] . t/, k'“hLjfbleq b]lvPsf oL cGt/lj/f]wx¿, a9\bf] c;dfgtf, ul/aL, a]/f]huf/L / ;fwg–;|f]tdfly ;Lldt JolQm jf ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿sf] sAhf x'g'n] k'“hLjfbL cy{Joj:yf ljBdfg 9f“rfdf rln/xg g;Sg] s'/frflx“ k|:6 x'g yfn]sf] 5 . cf8d l:ydb]lv ldN6g lk|m8Dofg;Ddn] clt ljZjf; u/]sf] …:jtGq ahf/Ún] ljsf;sf cfjZostfx¿ k"/f ug{ ;Sb}g, g t o;n] cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿df dfgjclwsf/ g} ;'lglZrt ug{;S5 eGg] s'/f ca 5n{ª\u x'g yfn]sf] 5 . ;dfhjfbL cy{Joj:yfsf nflu ;ª\3if{/t d'n'sx¿n] o; cj;/af6 /fHosf] bfloTj :yflkt ug]{, cfwf/e"t j:t' / ;]jfdf ;a}sf] kx'“r a9fpg], ;fwg;|f]tsf] Goflos ljt/0f / To;df ;a}sf] kx'“r k'¥ofpg] tyf cfly{s–;fdflhs c;dfgtfx¿ cGTo ub}{ ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{ cl3 a9\g] yk cfwf/x¿ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . /fHosf] pkl:yltlagfsf] ahf/ cy{tGq xf];\ jf lghL If]qnfO{ k"0f{tM lgif]w ul/Psf] k"0f{ lgolGqt cy{Joj:yf xf];\, oL b'j} l6sfp x'g ;Sb}gg\ / s'g}a]nf klg 9Ng ;S5g\ eGg] s'/f ;f]leot ;ª\3sf] ktg / k'“hLjfbL cy{tGqdf af/Daf/ cfPsf ;ª\s6n] k|:6 kfl/;s]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ;dfhjfbL cy{Joj:yfnfO{ pGgt:t/df n}hfg lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] u/L /fHon] gLlt lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ s'/f hlt cfjZos 5, k'“hLjfbL d'n'sx¿n] o;nfO{ s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf l6sfpg ;dfhjfbL 9f“rfsf x:tIf]kx¿ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' pgLx¿sf nflu ;d]t clgjfo{ eO;s]sf] 5 . cd]l/sL ljQ k|0ffnLsf] ;ª\s6n] cd]l/sf C0fu|:t x'“b} hfg] / k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] pRr d"Nosf] sf/0fn] cfkm\gf] cy{tGq ;'b[9 kfg{ ?; cfly{s ¿kdf alnof] x'“b} hfg] k|j[lQn] ubf{ ljZjsf] zlQm ;Gt'ngdf klg k|efj kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . To:t} olt 7"nf] ljQLo ;ª\s6af6 klg rLgn] 7"nf] cfly{s ;d:of em]Ng' gk/]af6 ljZj dfglrqdf ;dfhjfbL cy{tGqx¿ alnof x'“b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . o;af6 k'“hLjfbtkm{ ;ª\qmd0fsfndf /x]sf d'n'sx¿n] ;dfhjfbtkm{ kms{g] / åGåkZrft\sf gof“ cy{tGqx¿n] ;dfhjfbL cfly{s 9f“rf cjnDag ug]{ pko'Qm cj;/ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . ^= pk;+xf/ clxn] ljZj cy{Joj:yf ulx/f] dGbLtkm{ pGd'v x'g yfln;s]sf] 5 . cfly{s ;ª\s6nfO{ c¿ ljs/fn x'g glbg /fHosf] alnof] pkl:yltsf] cfjZostf 5 . /fHosf] of] e"ldsf qmdzM ;dfhjfbL ;+:yfx¿ ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg] / pTkfbgsf ;fwgdf ;a}sf] kx'“r k'¥ofp“b} c;dfgtfx¿ 36fpg k|oTg/t x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . k|To]s ljQLo ;ª\s6n] cfly{s c;dfgtfx¿ c¿ a9fpg], ul/aL / a]/f]huf/Lsf] cj:yfnfO{ emg\ lj:tf/ ug]{ / cfly{s j[l4sf] cj;/nfO{ ;ª\s'lrt ug]{ ePsfn] /fHosf] x:tIf]ksf/L gLltx¿sf] a'l4dQfk"0f{ sfof{Gjogsf] vf“rf] clxn] ljZjel/ g} b]lvPsf] 5 . ahf/nfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{ /fHo / ahf/sf] pko'Qm ;Gt'ngdfkm{t ;dfhjfbL 9f“rfsf] cy{k|0ffnL ljsf; ug]{tkm{ g]kfnn] klg cfkm\gf k|of;x¿ s]lGb|t ug'{kg]{ of] pko'Qm cj;/ xf] .  g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df blIf0f– clk|msL zflGtk| lqmofsf] cg'ej  of]u]z e§/fO{ g]kfndf ljut s]xL jif{b]lv rln/x]sf] /fhgLlts tyf ;fdflhs åGånfO{ Joj:yfkg u/L lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf ug{ g]kfnsf /fhgLlts tyf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{x¿n] ljleGg b]zx¿sf cg'ejx¿sf] cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;} qmddf ebf} @# b]lv c;f]h ! ut] -;]K6]Da/ ( b]lv !&_ ;Dd /fhgLlts tyf ;fdflhs If]qsf xfdL @$ hgf o'jfsdL{x¿ blIf0f clk|msfsf] cWoog e|d0fdf ;xefuL ePsf lyof}“ . /fli6«o zflGt cleofg, g]kfnsf] ;+of]hgdf ePsf] pQm cWoog e|d0fdf xfdLn] Toxf“sf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof, zflGt :yfkgfsf nflu cjnDag ul/Psf] k|lqmof, lgjf{rg k|lqmof, dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u tyf ;+j}wflgs cbfntn] ug]{ sfdx¿, åGåkLl8tx¿sf] k'gM:yfkgfsf] k|lqmof, ;ª\3Lo zf;g k| 0ffnLsf] agf]6 / To;sf] sfo{k|lqmof, /fhgLlts bnsf] ;~rfng / hgtf;“usf] pgLx¿sf] ;DaGwnufotsf ljifodf 5nkmn tyf cGt//lqmof u/]sf lyof}“ . g]kfnh:t} blIf0f clk|msf klg hftLo tyf eflifs ljljwtf ePsf] b]z xf] . nfdf] ;do;Dd pklgj]zaf6 k|tfl8t tyf To;sf lj?4 ;z:q tyf kl5Nnf] ;dodf zflGtk"0f{ hg;ª\3if{sf dfWodaf6 /fli6«o d'lQm / k|hftGqsf] :yfkg ePsf] d'n's xf] blIf0f clk|msf . ul/aL, a]/f]huf/L, c;dfgtf, clzIff, ;fdflhs ck/fw, P8\;h:tf r'gf}tL;“u pgLx¿ clxn] klg ;ª\3if{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . clk|msg g];gn sª\u|]; -PPg;L_sf] g]t[Tjdf ;g\ !(() sf] bzsb]lv ;'? ePsf] zflGt / k|hftGq :yfkgfsf] sfo{ nuftf/ rln/x]sf] 5 . ;+of]u egf}“, xfd|f] b]zdf klg !(() af6} v'nf k|hftflGqs cEof;sf] ;'?jft ePsf] lyof] . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k| lqmof;“u} d'n'ssf] g]t[Tj ug{ k'u]sf] PPg;Ln] nuftf/ ax'bnLo k| lt:kwf{af6 b'O{ltxfOeGbf a9L ;dy{gsf ;fy clxn] klg g]t[Tj ub} { cfO/x]sf] 5 . blIf0f clk|msL cg'ej g]kfnsf] zflGt / k|hftGqsf] :yfloTjdf ;d]t ;xof]uL x'g;S5, oxf“ To;}sf] ;ª\lIfKt rrf{ ug{] sf]l;; ul/Psf] 5 . gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f !(*( df @& jif]{ h]n hLjgkl5 d'Qm ePsf g]N;g dG8]nfsf] l/xfO;“u;“u} &( k|ltzt sfnf hfltdfly nflbPsf] gf} k|ltzt uf]/fx¿sf] zf;g 9Ng] qmd ;'? eof] . uf]/fx¿sf] zf;gsfndf sfnf / uf]/fsf aLr olt w]/} lje]b lyof] ls pgLx¿sf nflu ;fj{hlgs :s'n, sn]h, zf}rfno, ;8s, kfs{, xf]6n, /]:6'/f“nufot ;a}yf]s cnu–cnu lyP . ;a} ;'ljwf gf} k|ltzt uf]/fx¿sf nflu s]lGb|t lyP . oxf“;Dd ls sfnf hfltn] ef]6 v;fNg] clwsf/ klg kfPsf lyPgg\ . b]zsf] cy{tGqdf uf]/fx¿sf] Ps5q /hfO“ lyof] . sfnf / uf]/faLrsf] ;fdflhs lje]b 8/nfUbf] ¿kdf km/flsnf] lyof] . blIf0f clk|msf kl5Nnf] ;dodf la|l6;x¿sf] pklgj]zsf ¿kdf sfod lyof] . uf]/f zf;sx¿ ToxL pklgj]znfO{ sfod ug]{ k|ltlglw lyP . blIf0f clk|msfaf6 pklgj]zsf] cGTo ub}{ /fli6«o d'lQm / sfnf Pjd\ uf]/faLrsf] lje]bnfO{ cGTo u/L k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ nIo;lxt ;g\ !(!@ df clk|msg g];gn sª\u|]; -PPg;Lsf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . o:t}, lrlgof“ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ :yfkgf ePs} jif{ ;g\ !(@! df blIf0f clk|msg sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ klg :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . oL b'j} kf6L{n] k|f/lDes sfndf cnu–cnu / kl5Nnf] ;dodf ; +o'Qm ¿kn] cfGbf]ng ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf lyP . Ú&) sf] bzs;Dd ;z:q o'4 u/]sf] PPg;Ln] Ú*) sf] bzsb]lv eg] zflGtk"0f{ hg;ª\3if{sf] sfo{lbzf cl3 ;f¥of], h;n] ubf{ blIf0f clk|msfsf] hgcfGbf]ngn] cfGt/f{li6«o ;dy{g / P]Soa4tf k|fKt u¥of] . cg]sf}“ alnbfgL cfGbf]ngx¿ x'“b} Ú() sf] bzsdf cfOk'Ubf zflGtk"0f{ hgqmflGtsf] txdf ljsl;t ePsf] d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf cufl8 uf]/f zf;ssf] s]xL rn]g / :jod\ uf]/f zf;sx¿n] zflGt / k|hftGqsf lglDt cfkm"nfO{ pEofpg afWo eP . To;} qmddf !((# df #$ a'“b] a[xt\ zflGt ;Demf}tf eof] . To;}sf cfwf/df !(($ df ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg eof] . /, To;af6 PPg;L ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bnsf ¿kdf :yflkt eof] . !((^ df ; +ljwfg;efn] gof“ ;+ljwfg hf/L u¥of] . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf qmddf cg]sf}“k6s zlQmsf] tfgftfg klg eof] . zflGt ;Demf}tf eª\u x'g] / km]l/ o'4sf] l:ylt cfpg ;Sg] vt/fx¿ k6s÷k6s cfOk/] . t/, tL ;a} r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ub}{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg eof] . ;+ljwfg;efdf ljleGg ljifout ;ldltx¿ agfOP . To;df lj1x¿sf bh{gf}“ 6f]nLx¿ agfOP . tL ;ldltx¿n] /fhgLlts bn, ;fdflhs ;ª\3÷;+:yfsf ;fy;fy} ;f]em} hgtf;“u klg cGt/lqmof / 5nkmn rnfP . ljleGg b]zx¿sf] cg'ejnfO{ a'em\g] sfd ul/of] . ljz]if u/L PPg;L / sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] cfkm\gf kf6L{ sld6Ldfkm{t cf– cfkm\gf ;b:o / hgtfsf] txaf6 klg ;'emfj lng] sfd u/] . t/, oL ;a} k|lqmof / cK7\of/f] cj:yfdf !((# df ePsf] #$ a'“b] a[xt\ ;dembf/LnfO{ g} d"Vo dfu{bz{g dfGg / ToxL cg'¿k cl3 a9\g ;a} kIf ;xdt ePsfn] g} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg x'g;Sof] . jf:tjdf /fhgLlts g]t[Tjsf] ;'ema'em / pRr ;dembf/Ln] of] sfdnfO{ ;kmntfdf k'¥ofpg d2t u/]sf] lyof] . cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] gLlt ;ª\3Lotfdf hfg] gx'“bf gx'“b} klg PPg;Ln] To;df ;dy{g hgfpg' o;sf] Pp6f ;6Ls pbfx/0f xf] . zlQmxLg ePsf uf]/fx¿nfO{ ljZjf;df lng;Sg'n] g]N;g dG8]nfsf] g]t[Tj Ifdtf bzf{p“5 . xfd| f] b]zsf g]tf / kf6L{x¿n] blIf0f clk|msfsf] !((# b]lv !((^ ;Ddsf] cg'ejaf6 l;Sg] / To; cg'¿k cfkm"nfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug{ tof/ x'g] xf] eg] xfd|f] ; +ljwfg;efn] klg ;kmntfk"j{s ;+ljwfg agfpg ;Sb5 . blIf0f clk|msL ;kmntfsf] csf]{ sf/0f ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofdf blIf0f clk|msLx¿sf] g]t[Tj / :jfldTj :yflkt x'g' xf] eg]/ Toxf“sf lj1x¿n] xfdLnfO{ eg]sf 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o cg'ejjf6 lzIff ln“b} g]kfnLx¿s} g]t[Tj / :jfldTjdf xfd|f] ; +ljwfg aGnf < cfh of] k|Zg cfdg]kfnLx¿sf aLrdf pl7/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f g]tfx¿n] j}b]lzs zlQms]Gb|sf cl3 gem'sLsg g]kfnL dgf]bzf / g]kfnL alnbfgnfO{ ;Dem]/ sfd ug{ ;Snfg\ < xfd|f] g]t[Tjsf cl3 of] r'gf}tL 5 . o;nfO{ s'zntfk"j{s ;fdgf u/]/ dfq} blIf0f clk|msfsf] h:t} P3f/ jif{df P3f/k6s ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg eP klg k|hftGqn] :yfloTj k|fKt ug]{5 . ;]gf ;dfof]hg åGå/t kIfx¿ zflGt k|lqmofdf ;fd]n ePkl5 ;]gfsf] ;dfof]hg g} ;a}eGbf hl6n / hf]lvdk"0f{ sfd /x]5 eGg] s'/f blIf0f clk|msfsf] cg'ejaf6 :ki6 x'G5 . xltof/ af]s]/ cfd'Gg]–;fd'Gg] ePsf b:tfsf] aLrdf Pstf sfod ug'{ Tolt ;xh s'/f xf]Og . blIf0f clk|msfsf] zflGt k|lqmof cl3 a9fp“bf k'/fgf] uf]/f ;/sf/sf Ps nfv ;]gf / PPg;L;lxtsf ;ftj6f ;d"xsf !* xhf/ n8fs"x¿ /x]sf lyP . uf]/f ;/sf/sf] hg/n;Dd ePsf / kl5 PsLs[t ;]gfsf pkk|d'v;Dd ePsf /f]gfN8 eG5g\, …;dfof]hgsf] k|lqmofdf lbp“;f]el/ cf–cfkm\gf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ sfd ug]{, ts{ ug]{, ax; ug]{ / a]n'sf ;a} ldnL a/ljSo' agfP/ l8«ª\S; ub}{ k'/fgf cg'ejx¿ ;f6f;f6 ug]{ s'/fn] ;dfof]hgsf] sfddf w]/} g} d2t k'Uof] . To;n] Ps÷csf{sf] aLrdf ljZjf; / ;dembf/L klg a9fof] .Ú ljb| f]xLtkm{sf n8fs"x¿sf] a]nfotL k|fljlws ;xof]udf u|]l8ª\ ul/of] / hf] of]Uo lyP, ltgLx¿ ;]gfdf ;dfof]lht eP, hf] of]Uo lyPgg\, pgLx¿nfO{ ljz]if cfly{s Kofs]h lbP/ ;dfhdf k'gM:yflkt ug]{ sfd eof] . To;} k|lqmofdf ;]gfsf] ;ª\Vof klg pNn]Vo dfqfdf 36fOof] / pgLx¿sf] ah]6 %) k|ltzt s6f}tL ul/of] . To;af6 :ki6 x'G5, ljb|f]xL n8fs"x¿ Ps}rf]l6 PsLs[t ;]gfsf] k|d'v x'g ;Sb}gg\ . To;sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] tflnd lnPsf] x'g'kb{5, h:tf] ls PPg;Lsf ;}Go sdfG8x¿n] So'af / /l;ofdf To:tf] tflnd lnP/ cfkm"nfO{ of]Uo ;fljt u/]sf lyP . To;/L g} ljb|f]xL n8fs"nfO{ ;d"xut ¿kdf ;]gfdf k|j]z lbg] s'/f klg plrt x'“b}g, To;sf nflu pgLx¿n] lglZrt of]Uotfsf] dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . t/, xltof/ af]s]sfx¿nfO{ ;Ddflgt 9ª\un] ;dfhdf k'gM:yfkgf u/] dfq zflGt k|lqmof kl/0ffddf k'Ug ;Sb5 eGg] s'/f x]Ssf /fVg}k5{ . t/, cfkm\g} sdfG8/nfO{ PsLs[t ;]gfsf] sdfG8/ agfpg] / cfkm\gf ;a} !( xhf/ n8fs"x¿nfO{ g} ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ug}{kg]{ eGg] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] clk|msL ;dfof]hg k|lqmofaf6 lzIff lng ;s] pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 . åGåkLl8tx¿sf] k'gM:yfkgf åGådf ;fd]n /fhgLlts kIfsf aLrdf /fhgLlts ;Demf}tf eP/ dfq ;dfhdf zflGt :yfkgf x'g;Sb}g . o'4 / åGån] ck|ToIf ¿kdf nfvf}“ gful/snfO{ k| efljt u/]sf] x'G5 . blIf0f clk|msfdf /fHosf tkm{af6 kLl8t x'g]sf] ;ª\Vof g} cTolws lyof] . g]kfndf rflx“ ljb|f]xLsf tkm{af6 klg plQs} / sltko cj:yfdf t /fHosf] eGbf klg a9L ck/fwx¿ ePsf 5g\ . /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf sfnf hfltsf] a9L ;xeflutf eP klg pgLx¿n] uf]/f gful/snfO{ cfkm\gf] b':dg 7fg]gg\ . åGåsf] ;fdflhs k|efj / kLl8tx¿sf] k'gM :yfkgfsf nflu blIf0f clk| msfdf ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u agfOof] . rlr{t cZj]t g]tf 6'6' To; cfof]usf cWoIf eP . pgn] kl5 gf]a]n zflGt k'/:sf/ klg kfP . ;ldltnfO{ /fhgLlts bafaaf6 d'Qm /flvof] . s"n !^ xhf/ % ;o ph'/Ldfly k|ToIf / :ynut ¿kdf 5fglag u/L cfof]un] k|ltj]bg lbof] . ;g\ @))# df cfP/ Tolt g} ;ª\Vofsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] k|ltJolQm #) xhf/ clk|msL /sd -sl/a $ xhf/ 8n/_ ;xof]u lbof] . t/, uDeL/ k|s[ltsf dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gf / o'4sfndf ;fdflhs ck/fw ug]{x¿ ;a}nfO{ cfddfkmL lbg] s'/fn] eg] åGåxLgtfnfO{ g} k|>o lbPsf] u'gf;f] hgdfg;df cfh;Dd klg sfod} /x]sf] 5 . Totfkl§ eg] g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmofdf ;+nUg kIfn] ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 . zflGtsf] d"Nodf Gofosf] xTof gxf];\ / ;+j]u k'gM ljb|f]xsf ¿kdf k|s6 x'g gkfcf];\ eGg] s'/f g} xfd|f nflu clk|msL cg'ejsf] dxŒjk"0f{ lzIff x'g ;Sb5 . /fhgLlts kf6L{ ;~rfng / hg;DaGw ha xfd|f] l6d PPg;Lsf] ljzfn / eJo s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf kf6L{ ;~rfng / hg;DaGwsf af/]df :jod\ PPg;L / sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf k|ltlglw;“u 5nkmn ub} { lyof], To; qmddf b'j} kf6L{sf k|ltlglwx¿n] kf6L{ / hgtfaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ k|uf9 agfpg lg/Gt/ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fdf af/Daf/ hf]8 lbO/x]sf lyP . s]Gb|Lo g]tfx¿ tNnf] lgsfoaf6 r'lgP/ cfpg'kb{5 eGg] Pdfn]] kª\lQmsf] rfxgfn] ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ g;ls/x]sf] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf xfd| f] kf6L{sf g]tfx¿n] clk|msg g];gn sª\u|];sf] lgjf{rg k|lqmof / hg;DaGwaf6 l;Sg vf]Hbf kmfObf g} x'g] b]lvof] . PgPg;Ldf s'g} klg s]Gb|Lo g]tf cfwf/e"t txsf] sld6Laf6 lgjf{lrt eP/ cfpg}kg]{ clgjfo{tf 5 . rfx] Tof] s]Gb|Lo cWoIf xf];\ jf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o jf lhNnf jf If]qLo :t/sf] sld6Lsf s'g} klg ;b:o k|ToIf r'lgg}k5{ . kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo g]tf, ;+;b\ ;b:o jf :yfgLo txsf] hgk|ltlglw ;a} g]t[Tj kª\lQmsf ;a}n] jif{sf] tLg dlxgf cfkm" lgjf{lrt ePsf] ufp“ jf gu/df uP/ kf6L{ sfd ug}{kg]{, hgtf;“u ;DaGw /fVg}kg]{ lgod agfOPsf] 5 . o;n] g]tf / sfo{stf{ clg g]tf, sfo{stf{ / hgtfsf aLrsf] b"/LnfO{ sd ug]{ / kf6L{df ;fd"lxstf / ;dfgtfsf] efjgf :yflkt x'g] u/]sf] cg'ej clk|msgx¿sf] 5 . t/, kf6L{sf tkm{af6 /fHosf ljleGg lgsfodf uPsf ;f+;b ePsf, :yfgLo lgsfodf r'lgPsf JolQm / To:tf cj;/af6 al~rtx¿sf aLrsf] cfly{s c;dfgtf / To;af6 pTkGg ;d:ofsf sf/0f kf6L{df gof“ cfly{s ju{ pbo ePsf] / To;n] cK7\of/f] kl//x]sf] cg'ej pgLx¿n] klg atfPsf 5g\ . of] PPg;Lsf] dfq xf]Og, g]kfnsf kf6L{sf] klg ;d:of xf] eg]/ xfdLn] Toxf“ atfof}“ . o;nfO{ s;/L xn ug]{ < ;f]Rg}kg] { ePsf] 5 . o;}sf/0f kf6L{df bnfnL k|j[lQ, gf]s/zfxL k|j[lQ, xflsd / sfdbf/sf] hGd x'g] / x'“b} uPsf] tkm{ ;hu x'g}k5{ . ;f]leot;ª\3 / k"jL{ o'/f]kdf sDo'lg:6 ;Qfsf] c;kmntfsf] Pp6f sf/0f of] klg lyof] . g]kfnsf] ;+;b\df ;Qf kIf / k|ltkIfsf aLrsf] ;DaGw slxNo} /fd|f] ePg / Tof] l:ylt cfh klg sfod} 5 . t/, blIf0f clk|msfdf ;Qf / k|ltkIfsf] ;DaGw /fd|f] /x]sf] s'/f PPg;Lsf PlG8«; lgn / 8]df]qm]l6S; PnfOG;sL gtf;fn] xfdLnfO{ Ps;fy atfP . k|ltkIfL gtf;fsf] egfO lyof], …k"0f{ zlQm st} s]lGb|t eof] eg] dflg; e|i6 x'g;S5 . To:tf] a]nf k|ltkIfn] ;QfnfO{ e|i6 x'gaf6 hf]ufpg'kb{5 .Ú s] xfd|f] b]zdf ;QfkIf / k|ltkIfn] ;“u} a;]/ o:tf ljifodf slxNo} 5nkmn u/]sf 5g\ < …kf6L{x¿ r'gfjsf] a]nfdf dfq ;lqmo x'g] / c¿ a]nf lgliqmo x'g] xf]Og . ;w}“ hgtf;“u /x]/ ;lqmo eO/xg'kb{5Ú eg]/ PPg;Lsf lgnn] xfdLnfO{ atfO/x]sf a]nfdf xfn}sf] lgjf{rgdf g]skf -Pdfn]_n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] k/fhosf] sf/0f af]n]h:t} nfUof] . ;/sf/nfO{ ;w}“ hgtfsf] kIfdf ;~rfng ug]{, /fhgLlts cfGbf]ng / ;/sf/sf aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ sfod ug]{, kf6L{df gof“ kª\lQmnfO{ etL{ ug]{, ;fwg;| f]tsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u ug]{, kf6L{leq cfly{s c;dfgtfaf6 pTkGg ;d:ofsf] xn ug]{, kf6L{nfO{ hgpQ/bfoL agfO/fVg]h:tf ljifo g]kfnsf / blIf0f clk| msfsf /fhgLlts bnsf ;femf ;/f]sf/ / k|oTgleq /x]sf] b]lvof] . ;ª\3Lotfsf] ax; )^% h]7 !% ut] a;]sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7ssf] lg0f{oåf/f g]kfn ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq eO;s]sf] 5, h;n] ubf{ clxn] xfd|f] b]zdf ;ª\3Lotf g} ax;sf] s]Gb|Lo ljifo ePsf] 5 . !(($ b]lv !((^ ;Dd gof“ ; +ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] sfndf blIf0f clk|msfdf klg of] ljifodf ax; ePsf] b]lvG5 . rf/j6f hftLo ;d"x, gf}j6f eflifs ;d'bfo / P3f/j6f wfld{s ;d"x /x]sf] blIf0f clk|msfdf ;ª\3Lotfsf] cfwf/ s] x'g] eGg]af/]df nfd} 5nkmn ePsf] /x]5 . ; +ljwfg;efdf b'OltxfOeGbf a9L l;6 ePsf] / jiff}{+b]lv x]lkPsf sfnf hflt hf] &( k|ltzt 5g\, ltgLx¿sf] g]t[Tj ub}{ cfPsf] PPg;L :jod\rflx“ ;ª\3Lotfsf] ljkIfdf /xg' t/ cNk;ª\Vos uf]/fx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k'/fgf] zf;sLo kf6L{n] hftLotfsf cfwf/df ;ª\3Lotfsf] jsfnt ug'{ w]/}sf lglDt cfZro{ nfUg' :jfefljs lyof] . t/, cGTodf PPg;Ln] ;ª\3LotfnfO{ ;Demf}tfsf ¿kdf :jLsf¥of] t/ hftLo cfwf/df ;ª\3 agfpg] s'/fdf eg] slxNo} klg ;xdlt hgfPg . kmn:j¿k cfh blIf0f clk|msfdf ag]sf ;ª\3x¿ d"ntM ef}uf]lns tyf cfly{s cfwf/df g} ag]sf 5g\ . /fHon] ;a} -gf}j6}_ efiffnfO{ /fli6«oefiffsf] dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf sfof{nox¿df gf}j6} efiffdf ;fOgaf]8{ /fv]sf] xfdLn] klg b]Vof}“ . blIf0f clk|msfsf] ;ª\3Lotfn] hftLo ljå]if tyf ;fDk|bflos e8\sfj NofPsf] 5}g . b]zleqsf ;a} efiff, wd{ / ;+:s[ltk|lt /fHon] ;dfg Jojxf/ ub{5 . cª\u|]hL dft[efiff ePsf dflg;sf] hg;ª\Vof cToGt} Go"g eP tfklg sfof{no, lzIffno / cGo af]nLrfnLdf d"ne"t ¿kn] cª\u|]hL efiffs} k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] 5, h;df s;}sf] klg lj/f]w /x]sf] kfO“b}g . xfd|f] b]zdf ;ª\3Lotfsf] lgdf{0f ubf{ pu| hftLo / pu| hftLotflj/f]wL sf]0faf6 rln/x]sf ax;x¿df blIf0f clk|msfsf] cg'ejaf6 lzIff lng ;lsG5 . To;f] ubf{ /fli6«o Pstf, hftLo tyf ;fDk|bflos ;b\efj sfod u/L l;ª\uf] d'n'ssf] Wofg cfly{s–;fdflhs ;d[l4 xfl;n ug]{ lbzfdf s]lGb|t ug{ ;s] cfkm}“df /fd|f] x'g] lyof] . lqmofzLn k|hftGqsf nflu ;an ;+:yfx¿sf] cf}lrTo k|hftGq cfkm“}df ;kmn / c;kmn x'“b}g . To;nfO{ ;kmn agfpg] / laufg]{ sfd :jod\ JolQm / ;+:yfx¿af6 x'G5 . xfd|f] b]zdf ha ;+j}wflgs lgsfox¿ k|efjxLg eP, sd{rf/LtGq kf6L{sf] /a/:6\ofDk aGof], k|x/L ;ª\u7g e|i6 g]tfx¿sf] nfrf/ 5fof aGof] / cfkm}“ klg e|i6x¿sf] cv8f aGof], ;]gf b/af/ / /fhfsf] rfs/Ldf Jo:t eof], ta )$^ ;fndf cfPsf] k|hftGq c;kmn aGof] . ha /fHosf lgsfox¿ hgtfnfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yf geP/ kf6L{ ljz]ifsf zfvfh:tf] ag], ta /fHo cfdgful/saf6 cnu eof] . o;}sf] hudf ljb|f]xn] km}ng] jftfj/0f kfof] . g]kfn;“u;“u} k|hftGqsf] cEof; ePsf] blIf0f clk| msfdf /fHosf lgsfox¿ cbfnt, nf]s;]jf cfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]u, dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uh:tf ;+:yfx¿ cToGt} alnof / lqmofzLn 5g\ . /fi6«kltåf/f lgo'Qm x'g] cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿n] ;Qf?9 kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo cWoIfh:tf] zlQmzfnL dflg; -h;sf] ;+;b\df b'O{ltxfOeGbf a9L ax'dt 5_nfO{ cbfntdf aofgsf nflu af]nfpg] u/]sf] xfd|f nflu cfZro{hgs dflgg ;S5 . t/, xfd|} e|d0fsf] cjlwdf PPg;Lsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf Hofsah'dfn] cbfntdf uP/ aofg lbg'k/]sf] ;dfrf/ 6]lnlehgdf b]Vg kfOof] . s] xfd|f] b]zsf k|wfgdGqL jf g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf cWoIf jf xfd|} kf6L{sf dxf;lrj cbfntn] af]nfp“bf To;/L xflh/ x'g / aofg lbg hfG5g\ < dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]uh:tf ;+:yfn] klg ;/sf/sf] s'g} x:tIf]k / k|efjlagf :jtGqtfk"j{s sfd u/]sf] b]lvof] . rfx] kf6L{df xf];\ jf /fHodf, s'g} JolQm jf s'g} kbjfnfnfO{ zlQmzfnL agfpg] t/ ;“u;“u} k4lt / k|lqmofnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] xf] eg] Tof] ;+:yf alnof] x'“b}g / hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]xL klg x'“b}g . To;}n] t blIf0f clk|msL ;/sf/ hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL 5 . /, p;n] xfn} dfq @% nfv 3/ agfP/ ;'s'Daf;Lx¿nfO{ ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . plNnlvt ;Gbe{x¿ cfkm\gf] 7fp“df ;sf/fTds b]lvG5g\ t/ clxn] klg @! k| ltzt hgtf PrcfO{eL÷P8\;af6 kLl8t x'g', %) k|ltzt hgtf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /xg', @$ k|ltzt a]/f]huf/L b/ /xg', jflif{s %) xhf/ anfTsf/sf 36gf btf{ x'g', jflif{s !* xhf/ xTofsf 36gf btf{ x'g', ul/a / wgLsf] vf8n cem} klg km/flsnf] g} x'g', /fli6«o cy{tGqdf ax';ª\Vos sfnf hfltsf] ;xeflutf clxn] klg cToGt} Go"g /xg' blIf0f clk|msfsf] cfly{s÷;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf r'gf}tLx¿ x'g\ . t/, cfly{s j[l4b/ kf“r k|ltzteGbf dfly x'g', k|ltJolQm cfo sl/a !# xhf/ 8n/ /xg', cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] ult tLj| /xg' / s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf o;sf] of]ubfg sl/a #@ k|ltzt /xg', ;fIf/tfsf] b/ *% k|ltzteGbf a9L /xg', y'k|} vlgh kbfy{ / k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] e08f/ /xg'h:tf ;an kIfx¿sf] 7Ls 9ª\un] pkof]u ub}{ cl3 a9\bf blIf0f clk|msfsf] k|hftGqn] b'lgof“nfO{ kf7 l;sfpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 .  8fOgfdfO6 / zflGt k'/:sf/  sf]dn e§/fO{ x/]s jif{ cd]l/sf tyf p;sf] klZrdf u7aGwgn] cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff / 0fgLltlj/f]wL d'n'ssf ;/sf/nfO{ …8fOgfdfO6Ún] t;f{pg] u5{ . Tof] 8fOgfdfO6 eg]sf] 8fOgfdfO6sf] cfljisf/af6 cNk|m]8 gf]ann] y'kf/]sf] wg/flzåf/f ;~rflnt gf]an k'/:sf/ xf] . 5j6f If]qdf lbOg] k'/:sf/x¿dWo] zflGt k'/:sf/ gj]{sf] /fhwfgL cf]:nf]af6 lbg] ul/G5 . ToxL cf]:nf]af6 o;k6ssf] gf]an zflGt k'/:sf/ lrlgof“ ;/sf/lj/f]wL x' lhofnfO{ lbg] d':nf] kmflnPsf] lyof] . t/, lsg xf], of] d':nf]n] lkmgNofG8 sf6\g ;s]g / dfQL{ c6\;f/Lsf] yfKnf]df k¥of] . x' lhofnfO{ zflGt k'/:sf/ xf]Og, o'/f]lkog ;ª\3n] ;vf/f]e k'/:sf/ lbof] . ljZjnfO{ yfxf 5, of] k'/:sf/ zflGtsf nflu xf]Og, lrlgof“ ;/sf/nfO{ lh:Sofpgsf nflu lbg] ul/G5 . klZrdfx¿ o:tf s}oog\ k'/:sf/sf] d08L yfk]/ ljZjsf ljleGg ;do / 36gfnfO{ cfk\mgf] kIfdf kfg{ tyf lj/f]wLsf] g"/ lu/fpg] sfddf k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;/L g} gf]an zflGt k'/:sf/ tyf cgs]g dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL k'/:sf/sf] Jofks b'¿kof]u eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;k6ssf] k'/:sf/ 3f]if0ff ug]{ a]nfdf ul/Psf k|rf/ cleofgn] klg oxL ;Gbe{ :d/0f u/fPsf] 5 . o:tf cg]sf}“ ;Gbe{ 5g\, h;n] gf]an k'/:sf/ zflGtsf nflu xf]Og, o'4 / ljgfzsf nflu lbg] ul/Psf] :ki6 x'G5 . of] s'/f s–s;n] zflGt k'/:sf/ kfP eGg] s'/fn] g} k|:6 kfb{5 . 8fOgfdfO6sf] hudf :yfkgf gf]an k'/:sf/ …d[To'sf] Jofkf/LÚ cNk|m]8 gf]ansf] OR5fkqaf6 hGDof] . cNk|m]8 gf]an lj/f;taf6 g} k|l;4 pBf]uL lyP, pgL /;fogzf:qL eP / pgn] 8fOgfdfO6 cfljisf/ u/] . of] cfljisf/n] pgsf] Voflt t a9\of] g} pgsf] cfljisf/ ;]gfn] lj:kmf]6sf nflu k|of]u ug{ YffNof] / pgL dxfs'j]/ klg ag] . t/, k|Voflt / wgn] pgdf ;'v xf]Og, lrGtf yKof] / To;dfly pgsf bfh'sf] d[To'sf cj;/df Ps k|mfG;]nL cvaf/n] pgnfO{ …d[To'sf Jofkf/LÚ sf] ku/L u'yfOlbof] . pgn] cfk\mgf] cs't ;DklQ ;b'kof]u ug{ cg]sf}“k6s OR5fkq n]v] / Roft] . cGttM pgsf] d[To' x'g'cl3 !*(% df n]lvPsf] gf]an k'/:sf/;DaGwL OR5fkq pgn] RofTg EofPgg\ xf]nf, To;n] eg] nfu" x'g] cj;/ kfof] . gf]an k'/:sf/ ;g\ !()! b]lv af“8\g yflnof] . ;'?df of] k'/:sf/ kf“rj6f If]q zflGt, ;flxTo, /;fogzf:q, z/L/lj1fg jf lrlsT;fzf:q / ef}ltszf:qdf of]ubfg lbg] JolQmTjx¿nfO{ lbOg] ul/GYof] . t/, cy{zf:qdf of]ubfg lbg] JolQmTjnfO{ !(^( af6 cNk|]m8 gf]ansf] :d[ltdf :e]l/h];\ l/S;Aofª\s gfds k'/:sf/ lbg yflnof] . cr]n o; k'/:sf/nfO{ klg gf]an k'/:sf/ g} eGg yflnPsf] 5 . gf]an zflGt k'/:sf/ gj]{sf] cf]:nf]df gf]ansf] k'0oltlysf lbg !) l8;]Da/df Toxf“sf /fhfaf6 lbOG5 eg] cGo gf]an k'/:sf/x¿ :j]8]gsf /fhfaf6 :6sxf]ddf ljt/0f ul/G5 . k'/:sf/df ;'gsf] tSdf, k|df0fkq / cfly{s /flz x'G5 . ljjfbsf cfdsf/0fx¿ o; k'/:sf/n] ;fdflhs dfGotf k|fKt u/] klg Jofjxfl/s tyf /fhgLlts ¿kdf clt ljjfbf:kb 5 . gf]an k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ePb]lv g} o;sf] k|lqmof, gfdfª\sg, k'/:sf/ kfpg] / gkfpg] JolQmx¿af/] cfnf]rgf tyf ljjfbf:kb s'/fx¿ k|rf/df cfpg] u5{g\ . of] k'/:sf/ ljjfbf:kb aGg'df d[To' eO;s]sf JolQmTjnfO{ glbg], ;dfg k|s[ltsf sfo{sf nflu tLg hgfeGbf a9LnfO{ glbg], Ps} ljwfsf b'O{j6feGbf a9LnfO{ glbOg] Jofjxfl/s sf/0fx¿ ePsf] elgG5 . t/, o;sf] /fhgLlts sf/0faf/] sd} rrf{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . oxL /fhgLltsf sf/0fn] vf;u/L zflGt k'/:sf/ t klZrdf /fhgLltsf] Ob{lub{d} gfr]sf] 5 . x]/f}“, tYox¿n] s] af]N5g\, 8fOgfdfO6sf] lj/f;t af]s]sf] gf]an zflGt k'/:sf/ zflGtsf nflu xf] ls g[z+z xTof / bdgnfO{ j}wflgstf lbg < gf]an zflGt k'/:sf/ kfpg]x¿ dxfTdf ufGwLn] gf]an k'/:sf/ kfpg ;s]gg\, pgL !(#& b]lv !*$* ;Dd kf“rk6s ;Defljt JolQmrflx“ ag] . o;aLrdf !(#( b]lv !($# ;Dd ;flxTo / zflGt k'/:sf/x¿ s;}nfO{ lbOPg . To;avt zflGt k'/:sf/ glbg'df bf];|f] ljZjo'4sf] sf/0f h:tf] nfu] klg cGo ljwfdf lbOPsf 5g\ . o;}u/L ;f]kl5 /]8qm;nufot cGo klZrdf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . !($% df /fi6«klt k|mfGslng 8L ? he]N6sf :6]6 ;]q]m6/L s8]{n xnnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . o; jif{ pgnfO{ of] k'/:sf/ lbOg' Hofb} ljjfbf:kb g} lyof] . cem ufGwLnfO{ glbg' t dxfljjfbf:kb aGof] . x'“bfx'“b} ufGwLnfO{ of] k'/:sf/ lbOPg . o;sf] sf/0f k'gMhLljt ug}{k5{ . cflv/ lsg lbOPg t < lsgeg], dxfTdf ufGwL lx+;flj/f]wL lyP, clx+;fTds cfGbf]ng rnfO/x]sf lyP . pgsf] cfGbf]ngn] ef/tdf dfq xf]Og, t];|f] ljZjsf pklgj]zx¿nfO{ klg emSemsfO/x]sf] lyof] . of] cfGbf]ng xfn klZrdfx¿n] k|rf/ ug]{ …k|hftGq / :jtGqtfÚs} nflu lyof] . h'g sn]j/df !((! sf] zflGt k'/:sf/ cfª ;fg ;'sLn] kfOg\ . oL ;Gbe{x¿ pQ/ xf]Ogg\ / o;sf] ;6Ls pQ/ klg 5}g t/ cy{ 5– pgL To;a]nfsf] la|l6; ;fd|fHosf lj?4 nl8/x]sf lyP . zflGt k'/:sf/ pgn] kfPgg\ t/ gf]an k'/:sf/ ;ldltn] csf]{ /fhgLlt u¥of] . pgsf] d[To' ePsf] ;g\ !($* df …zflGt k'/:sf/sf nflu hLljt JolQm gePsf]Ú s''/f k|rf/df Nofof] . t/, d[t JolQmsf] ;Ddfgdf klg gf]an zflGt k'/:sf/ lbOPsf] 5 . gf]an k'/:sf/sf] d'Vo sfof{no ePsf] :j]8gsf 8fu x\ofd/cf]N8nfO{ d[To'ko{Gt zflGt k'/:sf/ lbOPsf] 5 . ufGwLnfO{ glbOPsfdf gf]an k'/:sf/ ;ldlt ;w}“ k5'tfO/x]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 t/ To;df klg /fhgLlt ul//xG5 . :jtGq ltAatsf] cleofgdf /x]sf bnfO{ nfdfnfO{ gf]an k'/:sf/ lbOof], of] g} ljjfbf:kb 5 . t/, o;sf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ qmddf k'/:sf/ ;ldltsf cWoIfn] …dxfTdf ufGwLsf] ;Demgfsf] c+zsf] ¿kdfÚ lbOPsf] s'/f JoQm u/]sf lyP . gfd zflGtsf] 5 t/ k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{x¿df o'4sf] 3f]if0ff ug]{x¿ g} cu| kª\lQmdf b]lvG5g\ . ljZjdf :yfloTj, efOrf/f, k|hftGq / dfgj clwsf/sf] axfnL ug]{x¿ xf]Og, o;sf] lvnfkmdf nfu]sf klg b]lvG5g\ . x]/f“} g t tL s]xL cg'xf/x¿ M cd]l/sfsf @^cf}“ /fi6«klt lyof]8/ ?he]N6nfO{ !()% df ?;–hfkfg o'4sf] ;Demf}tfdf ;lqmo ePafkt zflGt k'/:sf/ lbOPsf] lyof] t/ lkmlnlkG;sf]] ljb| f]xnfO{ bdg ug]{ d'Vo e"ldsf pg}n] lgjf{x u/]sf lyP . o;}u/L, ;g\ !($% df dxfTdf ufGwLnfO{ glbO{ /fi6«klt k|mfGslng 8L ?he]N6sf : 6]6 ;]qm]6/L s8]{n xnnfO{ zflGt k'/:sf/ lbOof] . pgnfO{ klZrdL uf]nf4{df Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf] :yfkgfdf e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf sf/0f k'/:sf/ lbOPsf] elgof] . t/, cd]l/sL /fi6«kltsf :6]6 ;]qm]6/LnfO{ dfq lsg < To; k|lqmofsf ;f]leot ;ª\3 / a]nfotsf ;dsIfLx¿n] lsg kfPgg\ < pgsf] ljut snª\sk"0f{ lyof] . bf];|f] ljZjo'4 x'g' 7Lscl3 !(#( sf] z/b\df hd{gsf gfhL lx6n/af6 aRg ( ;o %) hgf hd{gx¿ ;]G6 n'O; hxfh r9]/ cd]l/sfdf z/0f lng cfO/x]sf lyP . ;'?df /fi6«klt k|mfGslng 8L ?he]N6n] tLdWo] s]xLnfO{ z/0f lbg] xn'sf cfZjf;g lbPsf lyP t/ s8]{n xn / pgsf s]xL ;xof]uLsf] s8f lj/f]wsf sf/0f $ h"g !(#( sf lbg ?he]N6n] pgLx¿nfO{ z/0f lbg c:jLsf/ u/] . cGttM ank"j{s ltgLx¿nfO{ o'/f]k kmSof{Oof] / tLdWo] clwsf+zsf] gfhL sG;G6«];g SofDkdf d[To' eof] . cd]l/sfs} /fi6«kltsf :6]6 ;]qm]6/L x]g/L lsl;Gh/n] !(&# df leotgfddf zflGt 3f]if0ff ug]{ sfo{ u/]afkt k'/:sf/ kfPsf lyP . pgsf ;dsIfL n] 8's yf]n] zflGt k'gM:yfkgf geO;s]sf sf/0f k'/:sf/ c:jLsf/ u/] . of] b]lvPsf] ljjfb xf] t/ s] ;f“Rr} x]g/L lsl;Gh/ zflGt k'/:sf/sf xsbf/ lyP t < ;g\ !(^(–!(&% df sDaf]l8ofdf uf]nfaf?b a;f{pg] uf]Ko of]hgfdf pgsf] ;+nUgtf lyof] . !(&) dWolt/sf] ckx/0f / xTof ug]{ sf]G8/ ck/];gdf cd]l/sf ;+nUg lyof] . elgG5, ch]{lG6gf, af]lnleof, a|flhn, lrnL, kf/fUj] / p?Uj]sf u'Ktr/ / ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ ckx/0f / xTof ug]{ To; ck/];gsf] ;++of]hg pg}n] u/]sf lyP . lrnLsf] h'Gtfåf/f ul/Psf] k|]mGr gful/sx¿sf] xTof of]hgfdf klg pgsf] ; +nUgtf lyof] . pgn] ;fOk|;df 6sL{n] u/]sf] cfqmd0fsf] ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . o;}sf] kl/0ffd ;g\ !(&$ b]lv ;fOk|;sf] PsltxfO efu 6sL{n] cf]u6]sf] 5 . ;g\ !(&) b]lv !(() ;Dddf zflGt k'/:sf/df zLto'4sf] 5fof kg'{;Dd k/]sf] lyof] . To; cjlwdf ;g\ !(*# df kf]NofG8sf n]v jfn];fn] ;fDojfbL ;/sf/sf] lj/f]w u/]afkt zflGt k'/:sf/ xft kf/] . ;g\ !(*( sf] of] k'/:sf/ rf}wf}“ bnfO{ nfdf t]lGhg UofT;f]nfO{ lbOof] . of] rLglj?4 nlIft lyof] / o; k'/:sf/dfk{mt a'4dfuL{nfO{ cfs[i6 ug]{ /fhgLlt klg lyof] . cfZro{ † a'4 wd{sf k|jt{s uf}td a'4 /fhkf7 5f8]/ ;To / clx+;fsf] cleofgdf nfu]sf lyP t/ bnfO{ nfdf ;Qfk|flKtsf nflu b]zljb]z leIff6gdf 5g\ . To;}sf] kl/0ffd pgn] zflGt k'/:sf/ kfP . ;g\ !(() df ldvfon uf]jf{rf]enfO{ zflGt k'/:sf/ lbOof] t/ cfk\mgf] k'/:sf/ /fVg] b]z cfh pgsf ;fd' 5}g . To;kl5 ;f]leot ;ª\3sf] lj36gn] k"jL{ o'/f]k / cGo d'n'sx¿df dlRrPsf] cftª\s / tfG8j gfrsf] z[ª\vnf ;/foef] ;x/ g} Pp6f b]z alg;Sbf klg /f]lsPsf] 5}g . ;g\ !((! / (@ df qmdzM cfª ;fg ;'sL / l/uf]a]tf{ d]Gr' gfds b'O{ dlxnfn] zflGt k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿sf] b]g zflGt k'/:sf/ kfpg] jhg a/fa/ 5 ls 5}g, Tof] :ki6 5}g . t/, cfª ;fg ;'sLdfk{mt DofGdf/ l5g]{ klZrdf /0fgLlt /x]sf] rflx“ :ki6 5 . Ujf6]dfnfsL l/uf]a]tf{ d]Gr'nfO{ pgsf] cfTdj[QfGt klxnf] efusf nflu lbOPsf] lyof] . ;g\ !((( k'Ubfgk'Ub} pgsf] cfTdj[QfGtsf slx/gx¿ oyfy{hgs eGbf 5fkfdf/nfO{ pQ]lht u/fpg] vfnsf ePsf] 8]le8 6f]nn] k|:6 u/]sf 5g\ . t/, ! (($ df zflGt k'/:sf/ kfpg] of;]/ c/fkmftn] lx+;f e8\sfpg] cf/f]k af]Sg'k/]sf] lyof] . ToxL cf/f]k nufp“b} k'/:sf/ ;ldltsf Ps gj]{nL ;b:on] k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ;df/f]x alxisf/ u/]sf lyP . cfZro{ 5 ls Kofn]:6fOgLx¿sf] cfd;+xf/ ug] { OTHofs /lag s'g r:df nufP/ zflGtsfdL b]lvP < vf]6f] r:df nufP/ g} ;xL pgn] /lagnfO{{ zflGt k'/:sf/ lbg] lg0f{odf x:TffIf/ u/] . ;g\ @))@ df zflGt k'/:sf/ kfpg] cd]l/sL e"tk"j{ /fi6«klt lhdL sf6{/ lyP . bzsf}“b]lv cGt/f{li6«o åGåsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfg, k|hftGq tyf dfgj clwsf/sf] k|a4{g, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; k|a4{g ug]{h:tf sfo{ u/]sf] eg]/ pgnfO{ of] k'/:sf/ lbOPsf] elgof] . t/, o;} ;dodf hh{ a'; låtLon] O/fsdf cfqmd0f ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/] . …sf6{/n] o;sf] lj/f]w ug]{5g\Ú eGg] ljZjf; gf]an k'/:sf/ ;ldltsf k|d'v u''Ggf/ ah{n] JoQm u/]sf lyP . t/, pgn] To;a]nf tLglrt vfP, ha sf6{/n] cfk\mgf] Ps cGtjf{tf{df O/fs cfqmd0f;DaGwL k| Zgsf] s'g} pQ/ g} lbPgg\ . pgn] pQ/ lbg] qmdnfO{ …d sf6{/ kmfpG8];gsf] sfdnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]5'Ú eg]/ 6fl/lbP . h]sf nflu zflGt k'/:sf/ lbOG5, To;sf] kIfdf cl8u g/xg] sf6{/ dfq xf]Ogg\, c¿ w]/} 5g\ ;g\ @))$ df k'/:sf/ kfpg] afGuf/L dyfO{ klg To;} kª\lQmsf csf{ JolQm x'g\ . dyfO{n] s]Gofsf] cvaf/ …:6\ofG88{Ú / /]l8of] lk|m o'/f]kn] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{df …P8\; hg;+xf/ ug{ klZrdf j}1flgsn] ljsl;t u/]sf x'g\Ú eg]sL lyOg\ . kl5 pgn] To; egfOsf] v08g ul/g\ t/ …:6\ofG88{Ú cvaf/ cfk\mgf] l/kf]l6{ª\df cl8u /x\of] . ;fy}, …6fOdÚ Dofulhgdf pgn] elgg\– …of] ck|fs[lts pTklQ xf], s;}n] of] sxf“af6 cfof] / of] s] xf] a'e\m5 / === of] af“b/af6 cfPsf] lyPgÚ eg]/ s]xL 5gs lbOg\ . pgsf] kLknkft] s'/f klZrdfx¿nfO{ l/emfpgsf nflu lyof] eGg] ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . ljleGg ;Gbe{n] …P8\;Ú hg;+xf/sf nflu ul/Psf] ck|fs[lts pTklQ g} xf] eGg] :ki6 ub{5g\ . o:t} 5, gf]an zflGt k'/:sf/ kfpg] s]xL …gf]an n/]6Úx¿sf] syf . cGttM s'g} klg pTkfbg, h;sf] :jfldTjdf 5– p;}af6 ljt/0f x'G5 / p;}sf] ju{sf] lxtsf nflu ljt/0f x'g] u5{ . of] s'/f gf]an k'/:sf/sf] xsdf klg nfu" ePsf] b]lv“b}g / <  Pl;ofnL o'jf ljBfyL{ dxflwj]zg /lj cof{n, gjlgjf{lrt ;lrj …xfd|f] eljio a]Rgsf nflu xf]Og M xfdL lgof{tsf nflu xf]Ogf}“Ú Pl;ofnL o'jf ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7gsf] !&cf}“ dxflwj]zg oxL cS6f]a/ @% b]lv @& ;Dd lkmlnlkG;sf] /fhwfgL dlgnfdf …xfd|f] ;+;f/ / eljiosf nflu o'jf / ljBfyL{ Ps xf}“Ú eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . tLg lbg;Dd rn]sf] ;Dd]ngdf Pl;of Kofl;lkms If]qsf @$ b]zsf ^) ;ª\u7gx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnaf6 cg]/f:jljo'sf cWoIf /fds'df/L emf“qmLsf] g]t[Tjdf /lj cof{n / 6]s/fh k5fO{+n] k|ltlglwTj ug'{ePsf] lyof] . dxflwj]zgn] g]kfnaf6 cg]/f:jljo'sf /lj cof{n / :6'8]G6 lnu ckm lkmlnlkG;sf /] cflzifnfO{ cfufdL tLg jif{sf nflu ;j{;Ddltn] ;lrj lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . Ps hgf ;lrjrflx“ kl5 lgo'Qm ul/g] hgfOPsf] 5 . cf;fsf] Oltxf;df klxnf]k6s o'jf / ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d]6L gof“ 5ftf ;ª\u7gsf ¿kdf Jojl:yt ug{ cfof]lht o; …kl/jt{g dxflwj]zgÚn] ;ª\u7gnfO{ o'jf / ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;femf d~r agfpg'sf ;fy} Pl;ofdf /x]sf hghflt, cflbjf;L / ckfª\u o'jf–ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7gnfO{ klg ;x–;b:osf ¿kdf :jfut u/]sf] 5 . Pl;of Kofl;lkms If]qdf /x]sf blIf0f Pl;of, ;'b"/blIf0f Pl;of, dWoPl;of, klZrd Pl;of / Kofl;lkms If]qdf …cf;fÚsf] sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ Ps–Ps hgf ; +of]hs tf]Sg'sf ;fy} tL If]qdf /x]sf b]z–;+of]hs /x]sf] ;x–If]qLo sfplG;n;d]t lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L …cf;fÚsf] sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\df kf“r ; +of]hs / tLg ;lrj /x]sf] cf7 ;b:oLo sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\ lgdf{0f ePsf] 5, h;df JolQm xf]Og, ;ª\u7g lgjf{lrt x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o:t}, s'g} b]zleqsf] cf;fsf] sfd Jojl:yt ug{ …b]z ;+of]hsÚ lgo'Qm ug]{ k|fjwfg cg'¿k g]kfnaf6 :jljo' sfplG;nsf ;+of]hs 6]s/fh k5fO{+ r'lgg'ePsf] 5 . dxflwj]zgdf 5nkmnsf ljifo … cf;fÚsf] dxflwj]zgdf o'jf ljBfyL{sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy g]t[Tj ljsf; sfo{zfnf klg ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{zfnfdf o'jf–ljBfyL{sf d'2fsf] jsfntsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o cf}hf/, 1fg / Ifdtfsf] k|of]uaf/] hfgsf/L cfbfg–k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5 . ;fy}, o'jf ljBfyL{sf ;femf ;jfndf cfGbf]ng / sfo{qmd s;/L tof/ ug]{ eGg] sfo{zfnfsf] csf]{ ljifoj:t' lyof] . To:t}, o'jf–ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7gdf /x]sf] csf]{ ;d:of ul/Psf sfdx¿nfO{ ;~rf/dfWoddfkm{t k|efjsf/L ¿kdf k|;f/0f, kl/rfng / ;+oGq ljsf; ug] { af/]df sfo{zfnfdf klg 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ‘cf;f’sf sfd k[i7e"ld x]bf{ Pl;of / Kof;]lkms If]qsf ljBfyL{sf aLr …cf;fÚ sl/a $) jif{b]lv ;fd|fHojfblj?4 lqmofzLn ;femf d~r xf] . lzIff, /f]huf/, jftfj/0f / ;dfgtf cf;fsf rf/ sfo{ef/ x'g\, h;nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf …O kmf]/ cnÚ elgPsf] 5 . kfl/t s]xL k|:tfjx¿ dxflwj]zgn] g]kfnL o'jf ljBfyL{n] @ ;o $) jif{ k'/fgf] ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf lj?4sf] cfGbf]ngdf u/]sf] ;kmntfsf] pRr d"Nofª\sg ub}{ xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg u/]sf] 5 . o:t} g]kfnL ljBfyL{n] u/]sf] /fli6«otfsf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g ub}{ !(%) sf] g]kfn–ef/t ;lGw k'g/fjnf]sgsf] kIfdf ;dy{g / P]Soa4tf JoQm ub} { ef/t ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngn] adf{ / kfls:tfgdf k|hftGqsf] kIfdf ePsf cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g ub}{ xflb{s P]Soa4tf k|s6 u/]sf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfblj?4 n8\gsf nflu Pl;ofsf ljBfyL{x¿sf] 5ftf ;ª\u7gsf ¿kdf cf;f ;g\ !(^& df :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ToxL ;dodf Pl;ofdf dfq xf]Og, o'/f]kdf ;d]t o'/f]k]nL ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7g / clk|msfdf clk|msg ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7g blIf0f cd]l/sfdf blIf0f cd]l/sL ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7g / Nofl6g cd]l/sfdf Nofl6g cd]l/sL ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7g lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . ;a} If]qsf ljBfyL{x¿sf] 5ftf ;ª\u7gsf ¿kdf cGt/f{li6«o ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7g -cfO{o"P;_ ;lqmo lyof] . oBlk, ;f]leot ;ª\3sf] lj36gkl5 p;sf] cu'jfOdf rln/x]sf] ;fd|fHojfblj?4sf] cfGbf]ng sdhf]/ x'gk'Uof] . tyflk, cg]/f:jljo'n] cf;fsf] ;lrj / cfO{o"P;sf] sfo{sf/L ;b:osf ¿kdf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt / g]t[Tj k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo sfof{no xª\sª\df /xL cg]/f:jljo'sf tkm{af6 k"j{dxf;lrj pbo/fh kf08]n] g]t[Tj k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o:t}, o;cl3 /fhg e§/fO{n] ;lrjsf ¿kdf -tLg jif{_, s]zj kf08]n] -5 jif{_, dfwj g]kfnn] -tLg jif{_ / eQm u'? ªn] cf;fsf] ;lrjsf ¿kdf cg]/f:jljo'sf tkm{af6 g]t[Tj ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 . cf;fsf] k| ltlglwsf ¿kdf /lj cof{nn] b'O{ jif{ sfd ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 eg] dxflwj]zgn] k'gM tLg jif{sf nflu cg]/f:jljo'sf tkm{af6 ;lrj lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . o;/L Pl;ofsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[TjbfoL x}l;otdf cg]/f:jljo'sf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /lxcfPsf] 5 . ;du|df cg]/f:jljo'nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf :yflkt u/fpg / g]t[Tj k|bfg ug{ cf;f Ps dxŒjk"0f{ d~r ;fljt ePsf] 5 . o; dxflwj]zgkl5 t emg\ cg]/f:jljo' Pl;of / Kof;]lkms If]qsf ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7g dfq xf]Og, o'jf ;ª\u7gsf] cu'jfsf ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . /, eljiodf cGt/f{li6«o ljBfyL{ ;Dd]ng g]kfndf ug]{ tof/L;d]t ul//x]sf] 5, h;n] cg]/f:jljo'nfO{ ljZjsf tdfd ljBfyL{ ;ª\u7gsf] cu'jfsf ¿kdf ;d]t :yflkt u/fpg]5 .  #) ;]K6]Da/sf] km};nf la|l6; uf]vf{ ;}lgssf] cfGbf]ng  x]d/fh /fO{ ljut 8]9 bzsb]lv uf]vf{ e"tk"j{ ;}lgs ;ª\3 -u];f]_sf] g]t[Tjdf ;~rfng eO/x]sf] la|l6; uf]vf{ ;}lgsx¿sf] ;ª\3if{ qmdzM ;kmntflt/ cl3 a9]sf] 5 / o;n] k|fKt u/]sf] ;kmntfn] Psflt/ la|l6; uf]vf{ ;}lgs / pgsf kl/jf/leq v';L / pT;fx NofO/x]5 eg] csf]{lt/ k|Zgx¿ klg v8f ePsf 5g\ . vf;u/L uf]vf{ ;]gfdfkm{t g]kfndf cfO/x]sf] ;DklQ a]nfotdf g} hfg] ef] eGg] / uf]vf{ ;}lgs g]kfnLx¿ a]nfotL gful/sdf kl/0ft x'g] eP eGg] ljifo k|Zgdf p7]sf] 5 . x'g t of] k|Zg, u];f]n] la|l6; uf]vf{ e"k" ;}lgsx¿n] a]nfotdf uP/ k'gM sfd ug{ kfpg'k5{ egL dfu /fVb} a]nfotL cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u/]b]lv g} ;'? ePsf] lyof] . u];f]sf] cfGbf]ngn] a]nfot / ljZjdf c;/ kfg{ yfn]kl5 ;g\ @))$ df a]nfotL cfk|jf;g;DaGwL sfg'gdf ;+zf]wg ul/of] / ;g\ !((& clk|n ! kl5 cjsfz ePsf uf]vf{ ;]gfnfO{ a]nfotdf /xg kfpg] clwsf/ lbOof] . To; ;+zf]wgkl5 t oL k|Zgx¿ emg\ a9L rrf{df cfP . clxn] #) ;]K6Da/ @))* df ;g\ !((& cl3 cjsfz kfPsf uf]vf{ ;]gfn] klg a]nfotdf /xg kfpg] u/L cfk|jf;g sfg'gdf ;'wf/ ug{ a]nfotL pRr cbfntn] km};nf ub}{ u[xdGqfnonfO{ cfb]z u/]kl5 t cem of] k|Zgn] lgs} rrf{ kfPsf] 5 . #) ;]K6]Da/df a]nfotL pRr cbfntsf GofofwLz ANofs]n] km};nf ub} { 3f]if0ff u/] M …Gofofno=== d"ntM 3f]if0ff u5{ ls uf]vf{;DaGwL lje]bsf/L gLltsf k|:t't ;Gbe{, j:t' / sfdx¿ clg oL;Lcf]x¿nfO{ lbOPsf lgb] {zgx¿ u}/sfg'gL 5g\ / o;df cljnDa k'gMlg/LIf0fsf] cfjZostf 5 . ===d ;Nnfx lbg rfxG5' ls o;;DaGwL ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] u/L ;t{ / pko'Qm 3f]if0ff ul/of];\ .Ú -Kof/f &!_ pgn] a]nfotL ;]gfk|ltsf] ;/sf/sf] k|lta4tfsf] cfbz{nfO{ pNn]v ub} { lg0f{o ;'gfP M …d]/f] 7x/df, h'g b]zsf nflu pgLx¿ -uf]vf{ ;]gf_n] ;]jf u/], To; b]z -a]nfot_df a:g] :jLs[lt lbO{ pgLx¿sf] nfdf] / ljz]if ;]jfnfO{ k'/:s[t ubf{ g} -;/sf/_ cf/f]k -lje]b u/]sf] cf/f]k_x¿af6 d'lQm kfpg]5 / -;}lgsk|lt_ u/]sf] k|lta4tf klg kfngf x'g]5 .Ú -Koff/f &@_ o; km};nf cg';f/ a]nfotn] cfk|jf;g;DaGwL sfg'gx¿df ;+zf]wg ug]{ xf] eg] casf] tLg dlxgfkl5 cyf{t\ ;g\ @))( sf] ;'?b]lv g} ;g\ !((& cl3 cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf uf]vf{ ;}lgs / pgsf kl/jf/ a]nfotdf uO{ sfd ug{ / a:g kfpg]5g\ . sf/0f pQm km};nfdf elgPsf] 5 M …===tLg dlxgfsf] lglZrt ;do;Ldfleq o; cfb]znfO{ u[x k|zf;gn] sfof{Gjog ug]{5 .Ú -Kof/f &!_ To;}n] gof“ jif{sf] ;'?;“u} ;g\ !((& cl3sf e"tk"j{ uf]vf{ ;}lgs / ltgsf kl/jf/ a]nfot hfg ;'? ug]{5g\ / o; cj;/nfO{ k|foM ;a} uf]vf{ kl/jf/n] pkef]u ug] { s'/fdf zª\sf 5}g . o;f] x'“bf, sl/a #) xhf/ uf]vf{ ;]gf ePsf] dfGg] xf] eg] sl/a ;jf nfv g]kfnLsf] a]nfot udg x'g]5 / pgLx¿dfkm{t g]kfndf lelq/x]sf] sl/a %$ ca{ ?lkof“ jflif{s ¿kdf cj?4 x'g]5 . of] lgs} lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] . t/, o;sf] cy{ of] lg0f{osf] lj/f]w ug'{ dfq} xf] eg] ca lj/f]wsf] s'g} t's 5}g . k| Zg p7fpg'sf] cy{ g]kfndf lelq/x]sf] caf}{+ /sd g]kfnd} cfO/xg] Joj:yf ug{sf nflu pkfo vf]Hg ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f ug'{ xf] eg] Tof] ;sf/fTds / ;xL x'g]5 . u];f]sf] rf/ ;"qLo dfudWo] Pp6f, e"k" uf]vf{ ;]gfn] a]nfotdf /x]/ sfd ug{ kfpg'k5{ eGg] xf] . d'Vo dfu t ;dfg k]G;g;DaGwL /x]sf] 5 / Tof] k|flKtsf] cfGbf]ng cem} hf/L 5 . #) ;]K6]Da/df ul/Psf] km};nfn] u];f]sf] Pp6f dfu k"/f u/]sf] 5 / c¿ b'O{ dfu klg o;sf ;x–pTkfbg:j¿k qmdzM k"/f ePsf] dflgg]5g\ . sf/0f, c¿ b'O{j6f dfu ltgsf ;Gtltsf] lzIff / /f]huf/;“u tyf e"k" ;}lgsx¿sf] :jf:Yo pkrf/;“u ;DalGwt 5g\ . uf]vf{ e"k"x¿ a]nfot ;kl/jf/ hfg kfpg]5g\ . pgLx¿ Toxf“ a]nfotL uf]vf{ ;]gfsf ¿kdf, sfg'gL clwsf/;lxt ;kl/jf/ /xg kfpg]5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yo pkrf/, j[4j[4fx¿sf] :ofxf/;';f/, uf“;, af; / ;'/Iff;DaGwL Toxf“ Joj:yf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwfx¿ pgLx¿n] k|fKt ug]{5g\ . of] lgs} v';Lsf] s'/f xf] . hxf“;Dd ;dfg k]G;g;DaGwL dfusf] ljifo xf], of] dfu k|flKtsf lglDt Pskl5 csf]{ cfwf/ aGb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . ;j{k|yd, u];f]n] o'4aGbLnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbnfpg a]nfotL cbfntdf d'2f lbof] . To;df u];f]n] d'2f lhTof] / sl/a # xhf/ @ ;ohlt uf]vf{ ;}lgs o'4aGbL / ltgsf ljwjfn] hgxL !) xhf/ :6ln{ª\ kfpG8 -sl/a !# nfv ?lkof“_ Ifltk"lt{ kfP . To;af6 sl/a ;jf rf/ ca{ ? lkof“ g]kfndf lelqPsf] dfq xf]Og, uf]vf{ ;}lgsnfO{ a]nfotsf] /fli6«o ;]gfsf] cleGg cª\usf ¿kdf ;d]t cbfntn] pNn]v u¥of] . To; km};nfn] lqkIfLo ;lGwdf pNn]v ePsf] s'/fnfO{ ;j{k|yd a]nfotL cbfntn] :yfg lbof] . kl/0ffdtM a]nfotsf Pp6} /fli6«o ;]gfsf] ;b:osf ¿kdf /x]sf uf]vf{ ;}lgsnfO{ leGg Jojxf/ ug{ x'Gg eGg] ;Gb]z klg o;n] lbof] . To;}n] of] lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ lg0f{o lyof] . … #) ;]K6]Da/Úsf] km};nfn] t ;a} uf]vf{ e"k" ;}lgsnfO{ a]nfot hfg kfpg] sfg'gL clwsf/ lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . To;sf] pkef]u ub} { uf]vf{ ;}lgsx¿ a]nfot k'u]/ b'O{j6f sfd ug]{5g\ M klxnf], cfkm\gf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu sfd ug]{, kfpg'kg]{ ;a} ;'ljwfsf] pkof]u ug]{ / Jojl:yt x'g] clg bf];|f], ;dfg k]G;g, kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf nflu yk sbdx¿ cl3 a9fpg] . ;dfg k]G;g / ;'ljwf;DaGwL dfux¿ k"/f eO;s]kl5 pgLx¿sf ;fd' b]z kms{g] jf sfd ub}{ a]nfotdf a:g] eGg] b'O{j6f ljsNk /xg]5g\ . To;df, sfd ug{ czQmx¿ k|fKt ;'ljwfx¿;lxt :jb]z kms{g] 5g\ / b]zdf j}b]lzs d'b|f leœofpg]5g\ . sfd ug{ ;Sg]x¿ a]nfotd} /x]/ ljleGg k];f, Joj;fodf ;+nUg x'g]5g\ / ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{5g\ . To;/L cflh{t ;DklQ pko'Qm ;dodf k'gM g]kfn lelqg ;Sg]5 . of] s]jn efjgfsf] s'/f dfq} geP/ jf:tljs tYo klg aGg ;S5 . t/, uf]vf{ ;}lgsx¿nfO{ b]z kms{g / cflh{t ;DklQ b]zdf NofO{ nufgL ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0f agfpg] Joj:yf eg] ;/sf/n] ug'{k5{ . olb To;f] eof] eg] #) ;]K6]Da/sf] lg0f{o /fi6« / hgtf b'j}sf nflu pkof]uL x'g]5 . To;}n] km};nfk|lt gsf/fTdstf km}nfpg]eGbf To; km};nfnfO{ b]zsf] kmfObfdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{ Joj:yf ug{ cfjZos 5 . uf]vf{ e"k" ;}lgsx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] xs, lxt / Gofo lbnfpg ;/sf/n] g} sfd ug'{kg]{ xf] t/ To;f] geO/x]sfdf pgLx¿ cfkm}“n] ;ª\3if{ u/L k|fKt u/]sf clwsf/ sfof{Gjogdf ;/sf/ ;sf/fTds aGg'k5{ . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdLn] ;dfg x}l;ot k|fKt u/]/ ;ª\3if{df ljhoL uf]vf{ ;}lgsx¿nfO{ :jfledfgsf ;fy b]zdf kms{g] Joj:yf ug]{lt/ nfUg' cfjZos 5 . uf]vf{ ;}lgsx¿sf] b]zelQmk"0f{ efjgf / rl/qsf] ;Ddfg ub}{ pgLx¿n] cflh{t u/]sf] ;DklQ, ;Lk / zlQm /fi6«lxtdf nufpg ;Sg] u/L Joj:yf ug'{ cfh /fHosf] st{Jo ag]sf] 5 . ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf eO{ hgtf / /fi6«k|lt lhDd]jf/ ;/sf/ ag]sf] o; cj:yfdf ;a} /fhgLlts bn / /fHo;d]tn] a]nfotL uf]vf{ ;}lgssf ;d:of ;dfwfg ub}{ pgLx¿sf] ;DklQ, ;Lk / zlQmnfO{ b]zlxtdf nufpg lgDg sfd ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 M  uf]vf{ e"tk"j{ ;}lgsnfO{ ;dfg k]G;gnufot ;dfg ;'ljwfx¿ pknAw u/fpg cfjZos kg]{ Joj:yf ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cljnDa a]nfot ;/sf/;“u 5nkmn ug'{k5{ .  uf]vf{ ;]gfx¿sf] cflh{t ;DklQ, ;Lk, 1fg / cg'zfl;t ;fdYo{nfO{ ljsf; lgdf{0fdf ;b'kof]u ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ cfjZos tflnd / cGo ;xof]ufTds Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .  cjsfz k|fKt uf]vf{ ;]gfx¿ a]nfotdf k'gM /xg ;Sg] Joj:yf eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df Toxf“af6 cflh{t ;DklQ lnO{ g]kfndf /xg;Sg] Joj:yf ug{ å}w gful/stfsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .  uf]vf{ ;}lgssf] lxtnfO{ Wofg lb“b} b'O{ d'n'saLrsf] k/fk"j{sfnb]lvsf] ;DaGwnfO{ gof“ w/ftndf lg/Gt/tf lbg ;g\ !($& sf] lqkIfLo ;lGwsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ ;dfgtfsf cfwf/df b'O{ kIfLo ;Demf}tf ul/g'k5{ .  s'zn ;ª\u7s  b]j]Gb| l3ld/] s'g} klg /fhgLlts jf ;fdflhs ;ª\u7gsf] ;kmn ;+of]hg / kl/rfngleq s'zn ;ª\u7ssf] e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . ;aeGbf ultdfg x'g] JolQmx¿n] agfPsf] p2]Zod"ns ;d"x ;ª\u7g x'G5 . ltgLx¿sf] d"n p2]Zo k|flKtsf] af6f]df kl/cfpg] cfjlws d"Nofª\sg / cufl8sf] af6f] to ug] { tl/sfx¿nfO{ 7Ls 9ª\un] klxrfg ug]{ / ;ª\u7gsf ;j{:jLs[t ljlwåf/f lg/Gt/ gof“ pT;fxsf ;fy k'gMu7g / cu|udgleq s'zn ;ª\u7ssf] Ifdtf ;lGglxt x'G5 . cem b]zsf] afu8f]/ xf“Sg] kf6L{x¿df t o;sf] dxŒj olt w]/} x'G5 ls o;nfO{ csygLo eGbf klg a9\tf x'“b}g . ;fgf q'l6x¿ ubf{ klg b]z / ;dfhn] ef/L kL8f v]Kg'kg]{ cj:yf pTkGg x'g] u5{ . s'zn ;ª\u7s ku/L jf tSdf lbP/ 3f]if0ff ul/g] ljifo xf]Og . Psk6ssf] s'zn ;ª\u7s cfhLjg ;b:oh:t} s'zntfsf] xsefuL /xg] s'/f j:t'jfbL x]/fO{ / ljZn]if0fdf v/f] pqg] Uof/]G6L x'“b}g . ultzLntfd} s'zn ;ª\u7sx¿sf] of]Uotfsf] k/v ul/g' kb{5 . cfu|x–k"jf{u|xaf6 dfly p7]/ ;ª\u7g / To;n] af]s]sf] p2]Zo, nIonfO{ s]Gb|efudf /fv]/ ul/g] s'/fnfO{ dfkb08 agfP/ d"Nofª\sg ul/g'k5{ . hxf“;Dd ;ª\u7gnfO{ x]g]{ s'/f 5, ;ª\u7g JolQmsf] OR5fn] aGg] s'/f ck'/f] egfO xf] . ;ª\u7g JolQm–JolQmx¿sf] ;femf cfjZostfn] lgdf{0f x'g]rflx“ ;xL s'/f xf] . ltg} JolQmdWo]sf] JolQm ;ª\u7s x'g] / pm s'zn klg x'g] xf] . s'zn ;ª\u7s cfoft–lgof{t ug]{ ljifo slQsf] plrt xf], c¿sf] sf/vfgfaf6 dfn NofP/ a]Rg] Jofkf/L z}nLn] ;ª\u7gsf] ¿k kIfnfO{ t ;d]6\nf t/ ;f/df of] cj:t'jfbL, af]qm], cs'zn / lgsf;lj/f]wL tl/sf xf] . s'zn ;ª\u7s eGg} gx'g] ljiforflx“ xf]Og . eGg gx'g] s'/f cs'zn ;ª\u7s xf] . s;}nfO{ klg cs'zn ;ª\u7s 3f]if0ff ub}{ ;ª\u7g kl/rfngsf] lhDdf s'g} klg ljifo jf ljwfdf lbO“b}g . ljifout 1fgn] ;ª\u7g kl/rfngdf ;xof]u;Dd k'U5 t/ ToxL k|d'v cfwf/ x'g ;Sb}g . ;ª\u7g gof“ ljrf/ / pmhf{ ePsf dflg;x¿sf] ;d"x ePsfn] k'/fg} ljifout 1fg p:t} ¿kdf hLjGt, cu|ufdL kxnlag} k|fljlws sfdsf] ¿kdf lng] ;ª\u7s lglZrt ¿kdf dfqf–dfqf u/L c;kmn, cs'zn / cof]Uo ;ª\u7sdf ¿kfGt/0f x'“b} hfg' clgjfo{ x'G5 . tyfslyt s'zn ;ª\u7sn] olb cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ gjLs[t u/]g, ;ª\u7gsf] rfxgfnfO{ jf:tf ug{ ;s]g, JolQmnfO{ l/emfpg], cfZjf;g af“8]/ xft lng]h:tf lj36gsf/L af6f]df nfUof] eg] ;ª\u7gsf] p2]Zodf kg] { afwfx¿nfO{ ;fd"lxs / j}1flgs Pstfsf] ;§f sfvfkfvfsf] kmf]x/L v]ndf nfUof] eg] ;fª\u7lgs w/ftn 5f8]/ cfTds]lGb|t eP/ lxt;d"xsf] hf]/hfd jf rfs/L k|yfdf tNnLg x'g yfNof] eg] p;nfO{ cof]Uo / cs'zn x'gaf6 s;}n] /f]Sg, 5]Sg g;Sg] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 . o;f] x'gaf6 ;ª\u7gnfO{ arfpg] ljlwrflx“ z'4Ls/0f, ;'b[9Ls/0f / k'gMu7g g} xf] . ;ª\u7g Pp6f p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ul/G5 . Psk6s lgdf{0f u/]/ ;ª\u7g ;w}“ rln/x“b}g . k'gM k'gM gof“ gLlt / gf/f lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ / cl3 a9\g'kg]{ cfjZostf cfOkg{ ;S5 . ;dfh ljsf;sf] P]ltxfl;s qmd / ljBdfg sfnv08df xfdL rnfodfg 5f}“ / ljljw 9ª\un] ;ª\ul7t klg 5f}“ . PSn} k|fKt ug{ g;lsg] pknlAwsf nflu JolQm /fhgLlts, ;fdflhsnufot cg]s 9ª\un] ;ª\ul7t eP/ sfd ul//x]sf] x'G5 . ju{df ljeflht ;dfh, lje]bo'Qm ju{ ;DaGw, pTkfbgsf ;fwgdflysf] :jfldTjdf / ljt/0fdf /x]sf] lje]b, /fHosf ;fwg–;|f]t / cj;/x¿df kx“'r x'g] / gx'g]aLrsf] lje]b / l;ª\uf] dfgj ;dfhsf vf]h / pknlAwdflysf Psflwsf/h:tf s'/faf6 pTkGg cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ j}rfl/s Pjd\ ef}lts ;ª\3if{sf nflu klg ;ª\u7g geO{ gx'g] s'/f xf] . oL ;ª\u7gx¿ s'zntfk"j{s ;~rfng ug{ gof“ ljrf/x¿nfO{ ;ª\ul7t ub}{ cfufl8 a9\g'kb{5 . s'zn ;ª\u7sx¿n] o;/L g} ;ª\u7g ;~rfng u/]sf x'G5g\ . s'zn ;ª\u7sx¿ cfb]z / lgb]{zgn] dfq ;ª\u7g ultzLn / ;'b[9 x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f a'em\b5g\ . cfjlws lgjf{rgx¿af6 cg'df]lbt x'g] ;ª\u7gdf v'nf, v'n:t / lgikIf JolQm dfq} cfkm\gf] sfnv08sf s'zn ;ª\u7s x'g ;Sb5g\ . [email protected] Oltxf; bzf{pg] s[lt

 j]b'/fd e';fn g]kfnsf k|l;4 k|ultjfbL n]vs df]bgfy k|l>tn] ljleGg ;dodf n]Vg'ePsf ;d;fdlos n]vx¿sf] ;“ufnf]sf ¿kdf xfn} Pp6f u|Gy k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . …klxn] n]lvPsf / clxn] b]lvPsf s'/fÚ eGg] gfd /fv]/ gful/s d~r, g]kfnåf/f k|sflzt o; u|Gydf hDdf *( n]v ;ª\slnt 5g\ . tL *( n]vdWo] ;aeGbf w]/} @# j6f g]kfnL sfª\u]|;;DaGwL 5g\ . To;kl5 g]skf -Pdfn]_ / g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf ;DaGwdf n]lvPsf !& j6f n]v tyf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf ;DaGwdf n]lvPsf klg !& j6} n]vx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . cfGbf]ngsf] ¿k / rl/qsf] ;DaGwdf ljZn]if0f ul/Psf gf}j6f n]v 5g\ . /fhtGq / u0ftGqsf] ;DaGwdf n]lvPsf kf“r÷kf“rj6f n]v 5g\ . /, ljljw gfdsf] cWofo cGtu{t /flvPsf !) j6f n]v 5g\ . o;/L g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf ljljw If]qnfO{ cf]u6]sf n]vx¿sf] ;“ufnf]sf ¿kdf pQm u|Gy kf7s;dIf cfPsf] 5 . Oltxf;, bz{g, /fhgLlt, wd{zf:q, snf, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt cflb ;a} If]qdf bvn /fVg'x'g] / l;4x:t n]vgsnfsf wgL df]bgfy k|l>tsf n]vx¿ k7gLo x'g' :jfefljs} xf] . ;fy}, ljifosf] ljljwtf / ;6Ls ljZn]if0fn] ubf{ u|Gy cem a9L dxŒjk"0f{ aGg k'u]sf] 5 . g]kfnL sfª\u]|;;“u ;DalGwt n]vx¿df g]kfnL sfª\u]|;n] cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv eGb} cfPsf ;}4flGts dfGotfx¿ / p;sf Jojxf/aLrsf] leGgtfaf/] k|sfz kfg]{ sfd Psftkm{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ sfª\u]|;sf] hglj/f]wL, /fi6«lj/f]wL, k|hftGqlj/f]wL / pu| sDo'lg:6lj/f]wL rl/qnfO{ pbfª\uf] kfg] { sfd ul/Psf] 5 . ljleGg 36gf;“u hf]8]/ ul/Psf ljZn]if0fx¿ tYok/s / dd{:kzL{;d]t /x]sf 5g\ . g]skf -Pdfn]_ / g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf ;DaGwdf n]lvPsf n]vx¿df Psftkm{ g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] d"nwf/ ag]sf] g]skf -Pdfn]_n] Wofg lbg'kg]{ ljleGg ljifox¿df k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ l;ª\uf] g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngn] TofUg'kg]{ gsf/fTds k|j[lQ / c“ufNg'kg]{ ;sf/fTds ;jfnx¿ cf}Nofpg] sfd ul/Psf] 5 . o; cWofodf sDo'lg:6x¿n] sfª\u]|;åf/f l;h{gf ul/Psf r'gf}tLx¿sf] 86]/ ;fdgf ug'{kg]{, pBf]u–Joj;foL / sDo'lg:6x¿aLr gof“ ;DaGwsf] vf]hL ug'{kg]{, k'iknfnn] cufl8 ;fg'{ePsf] tLg …;Ú -l;4fGt, ;ª\u7g / ;ª\3if{_df Pdfn]n] rf}yf] …;Ú -l;h{gfTds sfo{_ yk]/ sfd ug'{kg]{h:tf ;jfnx¿nfO{ cToGt uDeL/tfsf ;fy p7fOPsf] 5 . ;fy}, cfkm" klxnf] JolQm x'g rfxg] g]tfx¿sf] :jefj sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] lj8Dagf ePsf], u'6–km'6 / ljefhgn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] ePsfn] To; lsl;dsf ultljlwlj?4 v8f x'g'kg]{ / sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nfO{ hftLo cfwf/df xf]Og ls juL{o cfwf/df g} cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 eGg]h:tf s'/fx¿df hf]8 lbP/ n]lvPsf n]vx¿ klg /x]sf 5g\ . pBf]uwGbf a]Rg] if8\oGqsf lj?4 p7\g'kg]{ / sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ tyf o;sf hg;ª\u7gx¿n] cfly{s pknlAwd"ns l;h{gfTds sfdx¿;d]t ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbOPsf n]vx¿ klg /x]sf 5g\ . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf ;DaGwdf n]lvPsf n]vx¿df dfcf]jfbLx¿sf pu|jfdkGyL lrGtg / Jojxf/sf] lr/kmf/ ul/Psf] 5 . ljleGg ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s sf]0faf6 dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] unt lqmofsnfkx¿sf] v08g ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx¿sf s}oog\ cfkm}“df cGt/lj/f]wL jf lj/f]wfef;o'Qm ljrf/ / Jojxf/x¿sf] tYok/s 9ª\un] cfnf]rgf ug]{ sfd klg ul/Psf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf] ¿k / rl/qsf af/]df n]lvPsf n]vx¿df xTof, sf6df/, Wj+;, tf]8kmf]8, cfuhgL, aGbh:tf ljgfzsf/L tl/sf gckgfO{ ;dfhsf] ljsl;t kl/j]z cg';f/ cfGbf]ngsf gof“ / l;h{gfTds ¿kx¿sf] vf]hL Pjd\ sfof{Gjog x'g'kg] {df hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngsf lglDt ;aeGbf 7"nf] zlQm hgtf /x]sf] / hgtfn] slxNo} klg gxfg]{ oyfy{df klg hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . …jt{dfg g]kfnsf o'jf cfGbf]ngsf If]qx¿Ú zLif{sdf cnUu} n]v /x]sf] 5, h;df o'jfx¿n] l;h{gfTds sfo{x¿df nfUg'kb{5 eg]/ hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . /fhtGq / u0ftGq;DaGwL n]vx¿df /fhtGqsf] k|ltlqmofjfbL rl/q / u0ftGqsf] cu|ufdL rl/qaf/] JofVof ub}{ /fhtGqsf] ;dflKt / u0ftGqsf] cfudg cjZoDefjL /x]sf]df hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;ef;DaGwL n]vx¿sf] cWofodf pxf“n] tTsfnLg g]skf -dfn]_åf/f cfof]lht g]skfsf] rf}yf] dxflwj]zgdf /fVg'ePsf] ;+ljwfg;ef;DaGwL k|:tfj tyf @)%( / )^! df n]lvPsf b'O{j6f n]vx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . pQm k|:tfj / n]vaf6 ;+ljwfg;ef ;DaGwdf pxf“sf wf/0ffx¿ s] lyP / tTsfnLg g]skf -dfn]_df Tof] ljifo s;/L p7\g] u/]sf] lyof] eg]/ a'em\g ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvG5 . ljljw n]vx¿df k|hftGq, hgtGq, hgjfb, nf]stGq, 8]df]qm];L h] eg] klg cy{ Pp6} xf] eGg]b]lv lnP/ xfdL /fi6« eP/ af“Rg] ls sljnf eP/ eGg]nufotsf n]vx¿ 5g\ . /fi6«ufgsf ;DaGwdf, dw]; cfGbf]ngsf] ;DaGwdf / c;Ld ;Defjgfsf] b]z g]kfnsf ljz]iftf lrgf}“ eGg];Ddsf ljrf/ ;d]l6Psf n]vx¿;d]t 5g\ . …klxn] n]lvPsf ===Ú elgP klg ;a} n]vx¿ klxn] k|sflzt eO;s]sf eg] xf]Ogg\ . s}oog\ n]vx¿ o:tf 5g\, h'g lxhf] pxf“n] kf6L{df cfkm\gf k|:tfj jf ljrf/sf ¿kdf /fVg'ePsf] / clxn] dfq} ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf 5g\ . dfly jl0f{t ljljw ljifosf n]vx¿sf] ;“ufnf] ePsfn] u|Gy Hofb} dxŒjk"0f{ / k7gLo dfq} xf]Og, ;ª\u|x0fLo;d]t /x]sf] 5 . d]/f] ljrf/df o; k':tssf] ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ kIf s] xf] eg] o;df sd/]8 df]bgfy k|l>t, hf] g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] Ps lhDd]jf/ g]tf;d]t x'g'x'G5, pxf“n] ljutdf kf6L{leq /fv]sf sltko dxŒjk"0f{ k|:tfjx¿ o; k':tssf] c+zsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ . tTsfnLg g]skf -dfn]_n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] g]skfsf] rf}yf] dxflwj]zgdf pxf“n] /fVg'ePsf] ;+ljwfg;ef;DaGwL k|:tfj, pxf“n] )$$ ;fndf kf6L{df /fVg'ePsf] …dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fnfO{ kf6L{sf] ;}4flGts cfwf/sf ¿kdf g/fVg]Ú eGg] k|:tfj / O{= !((! df uf]jf{rf]jn] …;fDojfbsf] g};lu{s k/fho eof]Ú eg]/ 3f]if0ff ubf{ k|l>tn] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Ldf …jf:tjdf uf]jf{rf]jn] eg]em}“ …;fDojfbsf] g};lu{s k/fhoÚ ePsf] geO{ ;f]leot sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / To;sf] ;/sf/n] c“ufNb} cfPsf unt gLlt / Jojxf/sf] sf/0fn] ;fDojfbn] of] wSsf vfPsf] xf]Ú egL /fVg'ePsf] ljrf/ cflb To:tf k|;ª\ux¿ x'g\, h;af6 k|l>t /xg'ePsf] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{df ljleGg vfn] ;}4flGts / j}rfl/s ;jfndf s;/L ax; x'“bf]/x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] emNsf] kfOG5 . ;fy}, o:tf n]vx¿af6 Oltxf;sf k|;ª\u / tYox¿ klg emNsg] ub{5g\, h'g Hofb} /fd|f] kIf xf] . To:tf ax;df cGo g]tfx¿sf klg ts{, k|:tfj / ljrf/x¿ cjZo /xGy] xf]nf . tL ;a klg lnlvt ¿kdf k|sflzt eOlbP Oltxf;sf lh1f;' kf7sn] nfe lng] lyP . cGo g]tfx¿;“usf] cfzfsf ;fy} lg/Gt/ snd bf}8fO/xg'x'g] k|l>taf6 o:tf ;+:d/0ffTds jf ljutsf tYo cf}“Nofpg] n]vx¿ w]/}eGbf w]/} cfpg\ eGg] cfzfsf ;fy k|:t't s[ltsf lglDt xflb{s awfO{ Pjd\ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .  >d If]qsf s]xL HjnGt d'2fx¿ k]|dns'df/ vgfn d'n'ssf] cfly{s Pjd\ ;fdflhs If]qsf] dxŒjk"0f{ zlQmsf ¿kdf /x]sf >lds ju{n] d'n'ssf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] cf/Deb]lv g} dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf 5g\ . ljutsf hgcfGbf]ngx¿df >lds ju{sf] e"ldsf P]ltxfl;s dxŒjsf] /x\of] . clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu cfGbf]ngdf ;l/s x'“bf ;of“} >ldsx¿n] ;xfbt k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ eg] s}of}“ >ldsx¿ cem} klg a]kQf ePsf 5g\ . @)^@÷^# sf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf qmddf cfof]lht !( lbg] cfdx8tfndf pBf]u, snsf/vfgfb]lv lghfdtL, ;+:yfg, Aofª\s, lzIf0f ;+:yf, c:ktfn cflb If]qdf sfd ug{] nfvf}“nfv >lds Pjd\ k];fsdL{x¿n] sf/vfgf, sfof{no, Aofª\s 9's'6L / dx;'n sfpG6/nufotsf ;a} sfof{no aGb u/L l;ª\uf] /fHo ;+oGqnfO{ 7Kk kf/] . /, ;8sdf plqP/ hgcfGbf]ngdf Psfsf/ x'“b} >lds ju{sf] lj/f6zlQm k|blz{t u/] . kmntM zflGtk"0f{ hgqmflGtsf] ¿k lnPsf] hgcfGbf]ng lg0ff{os aGg k'Uof] . jf:tjdf nf]stflGqs jftfj/0fdf lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efsf] k'gM:yfkgf;“u} k| ltlglw;efaf6 lghfdtL sd{rf/L Pjd\ k];fsdL{x¿sf] 6«]8 o'lgog clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ h?/L ;fj{hlgs dxŒjsf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] lyof] . ;fy}, cGtl/d ;+ljwfg–)^# df >d;DaGwL df}lns xssf] Joj:yf eO{ 6]«8 o'lgog vf]Ng / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf] Joj:yf x'g' cfGbf]ngsf] dxŒjk"0f{ pknlAwsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d ;Qf ;DkGg t'Nofp“b} /fhsLo ;Qf / zf;gsf] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ hgtfdf lglxt ug{ ;+ljwfg hgd'vL Pjd\ >ldsd'vL x'g}kb{5 . gof“ ;+ljwfgdf /f]huf/ / >dsf] ;'/Iffsf ;fy} /fHosf] k'“hLkIfLo ;f]r / rl/qsf] cGTo u/L >d / k'“hLaLr ;Gt'lnt Jojxf/ ug]{ >ldskIfLo /fHo k|0ffnLsf] lgdf{0f ug{' clxn]sf] >d cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{lbzf ag]sf] 5 . >lds ju{sf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{ d"ntM /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] Uof/]G6L ug'{ ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . >lds ju{sf clwsf/x¿ ljZjJofkL dfgj clwsf/ 3f]if0ffkqdf plNnlvt clwsf/af6 ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy}, cGt/f{li6«o >d ;ª\u7g -cfO{Pncf]_åf/f kfl/t ljleGg cle;lGw Pjd\ l;kmfl/;x¿af6 ;d]t ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 . ljZjJofkL dfgj clwsf/ 3f]if0ffkqs} cfwf/df >lds ju{sf clwsf/x¿nfO{ ljZjsf y'k|} k|hftflGqs d'n'ssf] ; +ljwfgdf ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] kfOG5 . >lds ju{n] dof{lbt / ;d[4 hLjg JotLt ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ub{} gof“ / ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0f ug{] rfn" >lds ju{sf lgDg Ph]G8fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/g' kb{5 M ljwflosfnufot gLlt lgdf{0fsf] txdf >lds ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] /fHo k|0ffnL ;dfj]zL / ;dfg'kflts 9f“rf cg'¿k lgdf{0f ul/g' clgjfo{ 5 . s"n hg;ª\Vofsf] emG8} cfwf lx:;f cf]u6\g] >lds zlQmnfO{ /fHo k|0ffnLsf ;a} cª\u ->lds;“u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifo_df clgjfo{ k| ltlglwTj u/fpg] ;+j}wflgs k|Tofe"lt ul/g' kb{5 . o; ;Gbe{df ljwflosf -s]Gb| tyf ;ª\3Lo /fHo cGtu{t_ / :yfgLo lgsfodf >lds ju{sf tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj x'g] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ug{'kb{5 . o;sf nflu >lds ju{nfO{ cfkm\gf k|ltlglw r'Gg, >lds ju{sf tkm{af6 lgjf{lrt x'g / k|ltlglwTj ug{ kfpg] /fhgLlts clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrt ug{'kb{5 . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $^ -3_ / ^% -3_df ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 kfl/>lds kfpg] >ldsx¿nfO{ ljwflosfdf lgjf{lrt x'g / k|ltlglwTj ug{af6 jl~rt ul/Psf] 5 . o; lsl;dsf] Joj:yfn] >lds ju{nfO{ pk]Iff u/]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efdf ;d]t dlxnf, blnt, dw];L, hghflt ;a}sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] sfg'gL Joj:yf eof] t/ >lds ju{sf] k| ltlglwTj x'g] sfg'gL Joj:yf ePg . ctM >lds ju{sf] /fhgLlts clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 . >ldsx¿;“u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u, ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt÷cfof]u cflb lgsfodf clgjfo{ k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] u/L ;xeflutfd"ns Jo:yfkgsf] ;+j}wflgs Pjd\ sfg'gL Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 . 6«]8 o'lgog clwsf/sf] Uof/]G6L >lds ju{sf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf ¿kdf /x]sf] 6«]8 o'lgog clwsf/ -h; cGtu{t 6«]8 o'lgog vf]Ng kfpg] :jtGqtfsf] xssf ;fy} ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ / x8tfn ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ kb{5g\_nfO{ df}lns xssf ¿kdf k|Tofe"lt ul/g'kb{5 . ax'ntfdf cfwfl/t 6«]8 o'lgog :jtGqtfnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/L ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf cfwf/df >d ;+;b\sf] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 . ;dfgtfsf] xssf] k|Tofe"lt >lds ju{nfO{ hflt, wd{, lnª\u cflbsf cfwf/df e]befj ug{ gkfOg] ; +j}wflgs k|Tofe"lt ul/g'kb{5 . ;dfg sfd / d"Nosf nflu ;dfg Hofnfsf] -cfO{Pncf] cle;lGw g+= !)) / !!! adf]lhd_ dlxnf Pjd\ k'?if >ldsnfO{{ kfl/>lds e'QmfgL, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt / j[lQ ljsf;sf] ;dfg cj;/sf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g'kb{5 . /f]huf/;DjGwL xs / Go"gtd >d dfkb08sf] Uof/]G6L k|To]s gful/snfO{ a]/f]huf/Laf6 d'Qm u/fpg /f]huf/sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . /f]huf/ l;h{gf ul/“bf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/ / cj;/sf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . /fHon] k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/ k"j{tflnd / ;Lk Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/fpg] gLlt cjnDag ug'{kb{5 . ;fj{hlgs Pjd\ pTkfbgzLn If]qdf /fHosf tkm{af6 nufgL clej[l4 u/L Jofks /f]huf/sf cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ug'{kb{5 . /f]huf/ l;h{gf x'g] k|To]s ;ª\ul7t Pjd\ c;ª\ul7t >d If]qdf cfO{Pncf]af6 lgwf{l/t Go"gtd >d dfkb08 -:yfoL lgo'lQm, ;]jf ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]G6L, j[lQ ljsf;sf] cj;/, hLjg lgjf{x ug{ k'Ug] kfl/>lds, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k| Tofe"lt, 6«]8 o'lgog :jtGqtf_ clgjfo{ nfu" x'g] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . hLjg lgjf{x ug{ k'Ug] kfl/>ldssf] Uof/]G6L / cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf >lds tyf lghsf] cfl>t kl/jf/nfO{ hLjg lgjf{x ug{ k'Ug] Go"gtd kfl/>lds / Hofnf k|bfg ug]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f ug{] /0fgLltsf ¿kdf hLjg lgjf{x ug{ k'Ug] Go"gtd Hofnf lgwf{/0f ug{] gLlt cjnDag ug{'kb{5 . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff Pjd\ ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs ;ª\ul7t–c;ª\ul7t If]qdf sfo{/t k|To]s >ldsnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o >d ;ª\u7gaf6 kfl/t cle;lGw g+= !)@ adf]ldh ;fdflhs ;'/Iff cGtu{tsf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug] { Uof/]G6L ug'{kb{5 . o:t}, a]/f]huf/x¿nfO{ a]/f]huf/ eQf pknAw u/fpg] k|Tofe"lt ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy}, >lds ju{nfO{ ;dfg'kflts Pjd\ ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf] ;+/rgfdf ;xefuL x'g] xs ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . afnaflnsfsf] xs afnaflnsfnfO{ lgs[i6 Pjd\ hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg] kl/kf6Lsf] k"0f{ cGTo u/L lgMz'Ns lzIff, :jf:Yo / kf]if0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 . zf]if0flj?4sf] xs cfO{Pncf] cle;lGw g+= @( / !)% cg';f/ af“wf >dlj?4sf] xsnfO{ ; +j}wflgs Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . /, sfo{:yndf x'g] cg'lrt >d cEof; lnª\uLo lje]b / b'?T;fxgnfO{ cGTo ug]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . dhb'/ cfof]usf] u7g / cf}Bf]lus ;DaGw >d GofonfO{ l56f]5l/tf] 9ª\un] ;Dkfbg u/L >lds ju{sf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{ / c;n cf}Bf]lus ;DaGwsf] ljsf; ug{ /fli6«o dhb'/ cfof]unfO{ ; +j}wflgs cª\usf ¿kdf :yfkgf ug'{kb{5 . pTkfbgsf] If]qdf k'“hLnfO{ dfq dxŒj lbg] kl/kf6Lsf] cGTo u/L >d / k'“hLsf] ;Gt'lnt Jojxf/ ug]{ ;fdflhs ; +jfbnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ub}{ c;n cf}Bf]lus ;DaGwsf] ljsf; ug]{ >ldsd'vL cfly{s gLlt Pjd\ >d gLlt cjnDag ug'{kb{5 . -vgfn k];fut dxf;ª\3, g]kfnsf dxf;lrj x'g'x'G5 ._ ;ª\3if{zLn ofqf  sdnf k/fh'nL lgs} si6;fWo kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ub}{ x/]s r'gf}tLsf] k|jfx gu/L JolQmut ;'v;'ljwf / cj;/nfO{ 5f8]/ hgtfsf] d'lQm / ;dfhsf] cfd"n kl/jt{gsf nflu gbLem}“ clj/n alu/xg] Pp6f /fhgLlts ofqL x'g'x'G5– sd/]8 ;f]dgfy clwsf/L …Kof;LÚ . … 7"nf] af]/fdf /fv]/ d'v af“w]/ dnfO{ pgLx¿n] 5Knª\u sfnL u08sLdf rf]aNy] clg km'Q af]/f tfGy], To;avt ;f]r]s} lyOg“ pgLx¿n] dnfO{ lhp“b} kmsf{pnfg\,Ú )#@ ;fndf d':tfªsf] k|x/L lx/f;tdf cfkm"n] kfPsf] oftgfsf] pxf“ :d/0f ug'{x'G5 . @))% k'; @@ ut] sf:sLsf] af6'nrf}/df a'af nLnfw/ clwsf/L / cfdf ;fljqf clwsf/Lsf 5f]/f ;f]dgfyn] cfkm"nfO{ kl/jf/sf] Pp6f ;b:odf dfq} ;Lldt /fVg'ePg . afNosfn / :s'n] hLjg kf“r bfh'efO / Ps alxgLdWo]sf dfOnf 5f]/f ;f]dgfysf] afNosfn /dfOnf] / v';Ld} laTof] . a'af nLnfw/ clwsf/L ljBfnosf] lzIfs x'g'ePsf] / lzIff / r]tgfsf] pHofnf]n] cfTdljZjf; hufPsf] x'“bf cefj / ul/aLsf afah'b klg pxf“n] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf / lzIffsf] cj;/af6 eg] jl~rt x'g'k/]g . afNosfnsf] :d/0f ub}{ pxf“ eGg'x'G5– …d ;fg}b]lv ;a};“u 3'nldn x'g], ;fdflhs ;/f]sf/sf ljifodf rf;f] /fVg], c¿nfO{ g]t[Tj lbg rfxg] / kTofl/nf] lyP“ . slxn]–sfxL“ cln ljb|f]xL :jefjsf] klg x'Gy]“ . dgn] g:jLsf/]sf] s'/fdf d ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lSbgy]“ .Ú /fhgLlts k[i7e"ld …d ljGbjfl;gL dfljdf cWoog uy]{+ . )@@ ;fnlt/ ljBfnosf] k':tsfnodf ?;L, lrlgof“ / sf]l/og ;flxTosf k':ts, kqklqsfx¿ cfpg] uy]{ . k|foM lzIfs, ljBfyL{ ;a}nfO{ ltgn] 5'§} k|efj kfb{y] . xfdLn] ljBfnodf afn;ª\u7g agfPsf lyof}“ . k':tsfnodf uP/ tL k':tsx¿ k9]/ 5nkmn uYof}{+ . lzIfsx¿aLr klg k':tsfnodf k':ts k9]/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLltaf/] s'/f x'GYof] . /, a]nfa]nfdf sd/]8 k'iknfnsf] gfd lnPsf] ;'lgGYof] . To;af6 d]/f] lh1f;f a9\g] / Wofgfsif{0f x'g] ub{Yof] . qmdzM d]/f] sDo'lg:6 ;flxTo / hfgsf/Lk|ltsf] cfsif{0f / ?lr a9\b} uof] . ToxL cWoog / jftfj/0fn] (–!) sIff k9\g] qmddf d sDo'lg:6 x'g k]|l/t eP“ .Ú cfkm\gf] k|f/lDes /fhgLlts ;+nUgtf ;Demb} Kof;Ln] eGg'eof] . ufp“sf] lzIfs, SofDk;sf] ;efklt )@$ ;fndf k|j]lzsf lbPkl5 ;f]dgfy sf:sLs} 9Ls'/kf]v/Ldf lzIfs eP/ hfg'eof] . To;}a]nf k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;df :jljo'sf] r'gfj x'“bf k|ultzLn / k|hftflGqs b'O{ v]dfdf rsf]{ ljefhg lyof] . pxf“x¿n] k|ultzLn kIfnfO{ ;xof]u u/]/ lhtfpg'eof] . pxf“n] cfkm\gf] ;ª\ul7t k|oTg ;De“mb} eGg'eof]– … To;a]nf;Dddf xfdLn] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/;Sof}“ . ?;L / lrlgof“ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / ;ª\u7g lj:tf/af/] cWoog ubf{ xfdLnfO{ klg sld6L agfpg] k]|/0ff hfUof] / sld6L agfof}“ . hok|;fb af:tf]nfsf] g]t[Tjdf k'iksdn ;'j]bL, /fdrGb| clwsf/L, df]bgfy /]UdL, bfdf]b/ /]UdL, s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{, ;f]dk|;fb af]u6L / d;d]t lyof}“ . To; sld6Lsf] gfd eg] xfdLn] u08sL– wf}nflul/ sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/L bn /fVof}“ . To;kl5 sfo{ljefhg u/]/ sfd ;'? u¥of}“, d]/f] lhDd]jf/L k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk; If]q k¥of] . sl/a b'O{ jif{ lzIfs eP/ sfd ub}{ ;ª\u7g lj:tf/df h'6]/ )@^ ;fndf k'gM ToxL SofDk;df egf{ eP“ . /, )@& sf] :jljo' r'gfjdf ;efkltdf p7]“ / lgjf{lrt eP“ . clg, lzIf0f k];faf6 /fhLgfdf lbP“ . To;kl5 pxf“ lj:tf/} sn]hsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ v'nf /fhgLltdf ;dflxt x'g'eof] . )@ % sf] sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/L bnsf] u7g;“u} pxf“x¿ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] ;b:o klg x'g'eof] . To;sf] g]t[Tjstf{ hok|sfz af:tf]nfn] pxf“x¿nfO{ ;b:otf zkyu|x0f u/fpg'eof] . :jljo' ;efklt ePs} a]nf )@* h]7df tTsfnLg d08n] / g]lj;ª\3aLr emu8f k¥of] / c~rnfwLzsf] cfb]zdf pxf“ ;fj{hlgs ck/fw P]g cGtu{t !% lbg y'lgg'eof] . ;efklt ePkl5sf] pxf“sf] ljz]if lhDd]jf/L o'jf / ljBfyL{dfem t 5“b} lyof] ;fy} ufp“ufp“df kf6L{ sld6L u7g u/]/ sDo'lg:6 cfwf/ agfpg'k5{ eGg] cleofgdf klg h'6\g'eof] . To;} cg';f/ sf:sLsf]6, af6'n]rf}/, Njfª\3n]g, x]Dhflwtfn, ;/fªsf]6, a]ugf;nufotsf ufp“df sld6L lj:tf/ / ljz]if cfwf/ If]q agfOPsf] pxf“ ;'gfpg'x'G5 . e"ldut cleofg sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] sfd v'nf ¿kn] u/]/ dfq x'“b}g, k"0f{sfnLg eO{ e"ldut ¿kdf hgfwf/ agfpg h'6\g'k5{ eGg] lrlgof“ qmflGtsf] lzIffn] k]|l/t eP/ pxf“x¿ klg e"ldut cleofgdf nfUg'eof] . )@*÷)@( ;fnlt/ k"j{sf] emfkfdf sDo'lg:6 -qmflGtsf/L_x¿n] ;'? u/]sf] ;fdGtlj/f]wL sf/afxLn] klg k|efj kf/]s} lyof] . tbg'¿k cfkm\gf] If]qdf klg Jofks ¿kdf kf6L{ ;ª\u7g lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ eg]/ pxf“x¿ e"ldut x'g] tof/Ldf nfUg'eof] . … clg t xfd|f] qmflGtsf/L r:dfn] kf]v/f 3'Dg cfpg] uf]/f] 5fnf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ ko{6sx¿nfO{ ;fd|fHojfbsf bnfn / hf;';x¿em}“ b]Vg yfNof] / gsf/fTds ;f]r / b[li6sf]0f;d]t aGg yfNof],Ú pxf“ cfkm"x¿sf] cf/lDes l:yltaf/] eGg'x'G5 M …)@( df hok|sfz af:tf]nfnfO{ dfWolds ljBfnosf] k| wfgfWofksaf6 /fhLgfdf lbnfP/ ;/fªsf]6 uflj; v6fOof] . )#) df sn]hdf :jljo' lgjf{rg ePkl5 d klg csf{ ;fyL /fdgfy clwsf/LnfO{ sn]hsf] ;efklt lhtfP/ aflx/ sfd ug{ yfn]“ . sl/a Ps jif{sf] cg'ejn] k];f 5'6fP/ ;a}nfO{ k"0f{sfnLg agfpg d'l:sn x'“bf]/x]5 eGg] kf7 l;Sb} )#) ;fndf xfdL ;a} k'gM lzIfs k];fdf ;+nUg x'“b} kf6L{ sfd ug]{ lgisif{df k'Uof}“ . ;f]xL cg'¿k d DofUbL k'u]“ eg] cGo sd/]8x¿ klg ljleGg If]qdf 5l/g'eof] . emG8} Ps jif{ bef{ªdf a;]/ lzIf0f k];f / ;ª\u7g lj:tf/sf] sfd ;“u};“u} ub}{ hf“bf xfd|f] cleofg v'Ng] cj:yf cfof] . emfkf cfGbf]ngsf sf/0f klZrdsf] k|zf;g klg ;ts{ 5“b} lyof] . cem d t sn]hsf] ;efklt eP/ lu/km\tf/;d]t eO;s]sfn] xf]l;of/ x'g}kg]{ lyof] . t;y{, Ps jif{ laTbf–glaTb} d Tof] ufp“ 5f8]/ s]xL 6f9fsf] csf]{ bf]jf eGg] ufp“df uP“ . Toxf“ xfdLn] cfkm}“ efg' lgdflj vf]Nof}“ . hgtfn] 7"nf] ;dy{g / ;xof]u u/] . lzIffsf] cj;/ gkfPsf afnaflnsf÷lszf]/–lszf]/Ln] :s'n hfg] cj;/ kfP . Toxf“ klg kf6L{sf] ;ª\u7g lgdf{0fsf] qmd yflnof] / ufp“sf k|foM o'jf– o'jtL ;ª\ul7t eP . emG8} Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf b'O{ ;o o'jf–o'jtL ;ª\ul7t eP, pgLx¿nfO{ /fhgLlts ¿kdf k|lzlIft ug]{ sfd;d]t cl3 a9fof}“ . ufp“df jiff} {+b]lv ;fdGtx¿n] ub}{ cfPsf] lyrf]ldrf]sf lj?4 hgtf ;r]t x'“b} hf“bf ljb|f]x x'g yfNof] . Toxf“sf k|wfgk~r, lhNnf k~rfot ;efklt, /fli6«o k~rfot ;b:o / pgLx¿sf dltof/x¿n] ;/sf/L ah]6df ub}{ cfPsf] e|i6frf/ ljsf; sfo{df ePsf] clgoldttf, ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ, ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] b'¿kof]unufotsf ljifodf Jofks lj/f]w x'g yfNof] . ljsf; lgdf{0fk|ltsf] rf;f] / /fhgLlts r]tgfsf b[li6n] Tof] If]q cu|0fL g} aGof] .Ú /fli6«o k~rfotsf ;b:o tyf dGqL eLdk|;fb uf}rgx¿n] r/]; v]tL u/]/ ;DklQ cfh{g u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs hldg hgtfn] sAhf u/L ;fd"lxs ¿kdf v]tL ub}{ k|z:t cGg pAhfpg yfn] . To; cleofgnfO{ ufp“sf k|foM hgtfn] e|i6 / ;fdGtsf lj?4 ljb|f]x p7\g yfNof] eg] . hgtfdf qmdzM cfTdljZjf; a9\g k'Uof] . … )#! df tKtaxfb'/ yfkf klg lzIfs eP/ ToxL ufp“df hfg'eof] . xfdLn] e"tk"j{ ;}lgsdfkm{t @)–@% yfg aGb's klg hDdf u¥of}“ . tL xltof/x¿ e|i6 k|zf;g / k~rx¿sf] cfqmd0faf6 hgtfnfO{ arfpg k|of]u ug]{ xfd|f] lg0f{o lyof] .Ú ljut :d/0f ub}{ pxf“ eGg'x'G5– …s]xL ;dokZrft\ To;} ljBfnosf Ps hgf e|i6 k~rfotL lzIfsdfkm{t ;a} s'/fx¿ v'n] / k|x/L k|zf;gsf cf“vf xfdLlt/ s]lGb|t x'g yfn] . oBlk, xfd|f] :jLs[ltlagf pgLx¿ To; Onfsfdf k|j]z ug{ ;Sb}gy] . x'nfs, lzIf0f ;+:yf, ;fj{hlgs hldgnufot ;a}h;f] rLhdf xfd|f] lgoGq0f lyof]Ú– Kof;L :d/0f ug'{x'G5 . k|zf;gsf] xdnf / lu/km\tf/L )#@ sf] jif]{labfdf Kof;L cfkm\gf] 3/ kf]v/f kms{g'eof] . ToxL df}sf 5f]k]/ k|x/Ln] To; OnfsfnfO{ 3]/f xfNof] / ufp“ lgoGq0fdf lnof] . 3/–3/df k| x/Lsf] w/ks8 eof] . a}7ssf dfOGo'6x¿ k|x/Ln] sAhf u¥of] . kf6L{df ;ª\ul7t @% hgfeGbf a9L o'jso'jtL lu/km\tf/ eP, bh{gf}“ jf/]G6]8 eP . tKt yfkf klg lu/km\tf/ x'g'eof] . …To;kl5 k|zf;gn] dnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ug]{ P]nfg u¥of] . /, emG8} tLg dlxgfkZrft\ c;f]h dlxgfdf k'ln; k|zf;gn] 3]/f xfnL dnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u¥of],Ú Kof;Ln] atfpg'eof] . xft xltof/;lxt sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] cfwf/ Onfsf agfP/ hgtfnfO{ cfkm\gf] kIfdf kfg]{ lzIfs egL lrlgPsfn] pxf“ e|i6 k|zf;g / k~rsf cf“vfsf] sl;ª\u/ x'g'x'GYof] . /, lu/km\tf/ ePkl5 TolQs} s7f]/ oftgf kfpg'eof] . xftdf xTs8L / v'§fdf g]n nufP/ pxf“nfO{ !% lbg sf:sLs} 8LP;kL sfof{nodf /fVof] . tTkZrft\ xTs8L nufP/ lx“8fp“b} d':tfªsf] ;L8Lof] sfof{no k'¥ofOof] . sf:sLaf6 d':tfª c8\8f;f/ ubf{ af6}df dfg]{ kf] xf] ls eg]/ sf:sLsf sd/]8x¿ eoeLt / cftª\lst x'g'x'GYof] . lsgeg], )@( df emfkfdf c8\8f;f/ ug] { axfgfdf ;'vfgLdf dfl/Psf ;lxbx¿sf] ;Demgfn] pxf“x¿ q:t x'g' :jfefljs} lyof] . …To;}n], dnfO{ c8\8f;f/ ug]{ va/ kfpgf;fy} sf:sLsf b'O{ hgf ;fyLx¿ d':tfª k'¥ofp“bf;Dd g} cufl8–k5fl8 nfu]/ ;fy g5f8L hfg'eP5 . af6f]df af; a;fp“bf, xf]6ndf a:bf klg pxf“x¿ s'g} g s'g} tl/sfn] 5lnP/ glhs} a:g'x'“bf] /x]5 . /, pxf“x¿ klg ;“u} d':tfª;Dd} k'Ug'eP5 . ;fyLx¿sf] Tof] xf]l;of/Lk"0f{ lgu/fgLn] klg dnfO{ af6f]df dfg{ ;s]gg\ ls †Ú Kof;Lsf] egfO lyof] . pxf“nfO{ tLg dlxgf d':tfª lx/f;tdf /flvof] . To;qmddf k|zf;gn] k|foM x/]s lbg pxf“nfO{ t]/f] g]tf sf] xf] < k'iknfnnfO{ slxn] e]l6;\ < cGo gfOs] sf]– sf] 5g\ < eGg] h:tf k|Zg ub{Yof] . pxf“n] k'iknfnsf] gfd dfq} ;'g]sf] t/ cGo 7"nf g]tf sf]xL–s;}nfO{ ge]6]sf] aofg lb“bf s;}n] kTofp“b}gYof] . …d cfkm}“ g]tf x'“, Tof] ;a} d]/} g]t[Tjdf ePsf] xf], c¿nfO{ lsg bf]if lbg] eGbf pgLx¿ dfGb}gy] . t/, hlt oftgf lb“bf klg pgLx¿n] vf]h]sf] hjfkm gkfPkl5 dnfO{ af]/fdf xfnL d'v y'g]/ sfnL u08sL lsgf/fdf nu]/ dfg]{ wDsL lbg yfn] . To;a]nfsf] oftgfn] clxn] klg b'vfp“5 / dnfO{ cfqmf]lzt agfp“5,Ú Kof;L cfqmf]lzt x'“b} eGg'x'G5– …olb ;f“rf] s'/f geGg] xf] eg] oxL sfnLu08sLdf km\oflnlbG5f}“ eg]/ wDSofp“b} lk6\y], pgLx¿ dnfO{ t]/f] cfdf d/]sf] tLg lbg eO;Sof], s[of ug{ 5fl8lbG5f}“, ;f“rf] aofg b] eGy] t/ d ljrlnt x'Ggy]“ . To;kl5 pgLx¿n] dnfO{ sfnLu08sLdf km\ofNb] eg]sf] ;'Gy]“ . k'ln;n] dnfO{ xfn]sf] af]/f 5Knª\u gbLdf 8'afp“y], dnfO{ Zjf; km]g{ c;lhnf]em}“ x'GYof], km]l/ lems]/ au/df km\of“Sy] . k'ln;x¿af6} oftgfsf] s'/f ;'g]/ lu/km\tf/ eO{ y'lgPsf cGo ;fyLx¿ dnfO{ df/]/ kf] km\ofln;s]sL † eGg] cfzª\sf u/]/ 8/fp“bf /x]5g\ . … aofgsf qmddf lu/km\tf/ ;a} ;fyLx¿n] dnfO{ g} g]tf xf] eg]kl5 k| x/L / ;L8Lcf] klg dnfO{ g]tf :jLsfg{ afWo eP . o;/L dnufot Toxf“af6 lu/km\tf/ ePsf cGo ;fyLx¿nfO{ lnO{ xfdLnfO{ PS;g ePs} cfwf/If]qdf ;h{ldgsf nflu nluof] . ;h{ldgkl5 xfdLnfO{ tLg dlxgf DofUbL h]ndf /flvof] . To;kl5 afUn'ª c~rnfwLzsf] s:68Ldf /flvof] . c~rnfwLzn] tTsfnLg dGqL eLdk|;fb uf}rgnufot wf}nflul/ c~rnsf ;Dk"0f{ k~r g]tfx¿ af]nfP/ pgLx¿sf ;fd' d]/f] aofg lnP . d}n] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf g]kfndf /fhtGqsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ eGg] aofg lbP“ .Ú aofg ;lsPkl5 pxf“nfO{ c~rnfwLzn] tLg jif{sf] h]n ;hfo tf]s] . Ps jif{ afUn'ª, !) lbg kj{t, cf7 dlxgf kfNkf h]ndf /fVof] . pxf“n] h]naf6} aLPsf] k/LIff kmd{ e/]kl5 kf]v/f nu]/ !$ dlxgf;Dd /flvof] . af“sL b'O{ dlxgf sf7df8f}“sf] ;]G6«n / gVv' h]ndf /fv]/ tf]lsPsf] cjlw k"/f eof] . …jf:tjdf h]nsf] cjlw dnfO{ r'gf}tL;“u} cj;/ klg eof] . 7fp“7fp“sf km/s– km/s aGbLx¿;“u e]63f6 / s'/fsfgLsf] cj;/ k|fKt eof] . tLdWo] ;a}eGbf kmnbfoL clGtdsf] sf7df8f}“sf] b'O{ dlxgf eof] . vf;u/L emfkf cfGbf]ngsf cu'jfx¿ df]xgrGb| clwsf/L / s]kL cf]nL;“u e]6\g] / emfkf cfGbf]ngaf/] yfxf kfpg] l:ylt aGof],Ú pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . kf6L{;“u ;Dks{ljxLg … h]naf6 5'6]/ d 3/ kmls{P“ . t/, kf6L{af6 ;Dks{ljxLgh:t} eP“ . nfdf] ;do h]n a;]sf], s7f]/ oftgf v]k]sf] / b':dgsf] 3]/fdf a;]sfn] dleq ljrng cfPsf] x'g;Sg] of d}n] k|zf;g;“u cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] -;LcfO{8L ag]sf] ;d]t_ x'g;Sg] cfzª\sfn] kf6L{sf ;a} sd/]8x¿ d;“u ;ts{ ePsf /x]5g\ . kmntM ;~rf]–la;~rf] / kfl/jfl/s xfnva/ ;f]Wg]afx]s d;“u sf]xL klg /fhgLlts s'/f ub}{gy] . d]/f cfkm\g} bfh' hf] sld6Ldf ;“u} x'g'x'GYof], pxf“ klg d;“u v'n:t x'g'ePg . kfl/jfl/s s'/fsfgLafx]s cGo s'/fdf xf]l;of/ x'g vf]Hg'eof] . pxf“n] dnfO{ ca s]xL ;do cf/fd u/\ eGg] ;'emfj lbg'eof] . t/, d}n] ;a} s'/f a'em]sf] lyOg“ . To;}n] d /fhgLlts ¿kdf ;Dks{ljxLg eP/ ;Gt'i6 x'g ;lsg“ . To;a]nf;Dd d]/f Ps 5f]/L / Ps 5f]/f eO;s]sf lyP . 5f]/L hlGd“bf t d h]nd} lyP“ . h]naf6 5'6]kl5 klg d cfdf–a'af, kTgL, ;Gtfg eg]/ cndlng ;lsg“ . lsgeg], d]/f] dgdf qmflGt / kl/jt{gk|ltsf] k|lta4tf lyof] . Toxf“ a;]/ kf6L{;“u s]xL ;Dks{ x'g g;s]kl5 d cfkm}“ x'Dnftkm{ nfu]“ . x'Dnfsf] l/kf eGg] ufp“ k'u]/ lgdflj vf]nL d lzIfs eP“ . clg, sl/a kf“r dlxgfhlt ToxL“ a;]“ . To;kl5 labf k/]sfn] kmls{P“ 3/ . To;qmddf sl/a Ps dlxgf 3/a:bf aNn kf6L{;“u ;Dks{ eof] .Ú kf6L{sf] gof“ lhDd]jf/L )#% sf] cGTolt/ Kof;L km]l/ k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;df egf{ eO{ kf6L{sf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug{ yfNg'eof] . )#^ df km]l/ :jljo'sf] lgjf{rg eof], pxf“ To;a]nf klg ;efklt aGg'eof] . )#^ df hgdt;ª\u|xsf] 3f]if0ff ePkl5 ljBfyL{ /fhgLlt dfq geP/ kf6L{ /fhgLlt klg t'ngfTds ¿kdf v'nf ePsf] cj:yf lyof] . )#% d} g]skf -dfn]_sf] :yfkgf eO;s]sf] lyof] . hLj/fh cfl>t / jfdb]j uf}tdnufotsf g]tfx¿ To; If]qdf kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf nflu ;lqmo x'g'x'GYof] . …lj:tf/} pxf“x¿;“u klg ;Dks{ eof] . ca d ;–;fgf 6'qmf jf ;d"xdf ;Lldt kf6L{n] ufp“df cfwf/ agfP/ dfq 7"nf] kl/jt{g gx'g] /x]5 eGg] lgisif{df k'u]“ . /, 7"nf] / qmflGtsf/L kf6L{df cfa4 eO{ cl3 a9\g'k5{ eGg] dfGotfsf ;fy cl3 a9\g yfn]“,Ú cfkm\gf] cg'ej ;'gfp“b} pxf“n] eGg'eof], …o:t} ;f]r / g]skf -dfn]_sf sd/]8x¿;“usf] s'/fsfgLadf]lhd )#& ;fpg @) ut] tTsfnLg …u08sL–wf}nflul/ dfn] qmflGtsf/L bnÚ g]skf -dfn]_df Pstfa4 ul/of] . To;qmddf xfd|f] ;b:otfrflx“ )@% ;fn g} sfod eof] .Ú PsLs/0fkZrft\ sf]xL Onfsf sld6L, sf]xL lhNnf sld6L / sf]xL ljBfyL{ kmf“6 u/L km/s–km/s If]qdf ljeflht ul/P / ToxL cg'¿ksf] lhDd]jf/L af“l8of] . To; cjlwdf Kof;Lrflx“ x/]s dlxgf b'O{–rf/k6s lu/km\tf/ x'g] / 5'6\g] qmd eO/x\of] . To;a]nf pxf“ cg]/f:jljo' sf:sL lhNnf sld6Lsf] ;+:yfks ;+of]hs, cg]/f:jljo' klZrdf~rn If]qLo ;+of]hs, k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk; :jljo'sf] ;efklt / cg]/f:jljo'sf] Pstfsf] kf“rf}“ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng cfof]hs sld6Lsf] ;b:o;d]t x'g'x'GYof] . )#^ df kf“rf}“ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePkl5 pxf“ cg]/f:jljio'sf] s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf rog x'g'eof] . )#* df kf6L{sf] sf:sL Onfsf sld6L ;b:o x'g'eof] . )#* s} cGtlt/ pxf“ kl/jf/;lxt gjnk/f;L a;fO“ ;g'{eof] . )#( df cg]/f:jljo'sf] 5}6f}“ /fli6«o ;Dd]ng x'“bf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ ;b:o dfq /x]/ lzIf0f k];fdf nfUg'eof] . To;a]nf qmflGtsf/L a'l4hLjL sld6Lsf] ;b:o klg x'g'eof] . kfl/jfl/s ;d:of, cfly{s ;d:of, To;a]nf;Dd rf/ ;Gtfg -b'O{ 5f]/f, b'O{ 5f]/L_ sf] bfloTjn] pxf“nfO{ lylr;s]sf] lyof] . emG8} tLg jif{ pxf“ lzIf0f k];fdf nfUg'eof] . )$! sf] lzIfs cfGbf]ngdf gjnk/f;Ls} cdn6f8Laf6 lu/km\tf/ eP/ pxf“ tLg dlxgf y'lgg'eof] . Toxf“af6 5'6]kl5 wflbªsf] a}/]gLdf k'gM lzIfs g} eP/ kf6L{ sfddf h'6\g'eof] . hgkIfLo x:tIf]k )$@ df kf6L{sf] lgb]{zg–kq xft nfUof] . To; If]qdf s]Gb|Lo g]tf o'j/fh sfsL{ x'g'x'GYof] . pxf“dfkm{t g} Kof;Ln] s= cfl>tsf] kq kfpg'eof] . kqdf )$# sf] /fli6«o k~rfotsf] r'gfj kf6L{n] pkof]u ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] / ;f]xL cg';f/ Kof;Ln] sf:sLaf6 pDd]bjf/ aGg'kg]{ ePsf] x'“bf tTsfn lzIf0f k];f 5f8]/ sf:sL hfg lgb]{zg lbOPsf] lyof] . tbg'¿k pxf“ lzIf0f k];f 5f8]/ sf:sLtkm{ hfg'eof] / lgjf{rgsf] cleofgdf h'6\g'eof] . )$# sf] /fli6«o k~rfot ;b:osf] lgjf{rgdf hgkIfLo pDd]bjf/ eP/ p7\g'eof] / ljhoL klg x'g'eof] . e"ldut kf6L{sf] hgkIfLo k|ltlglw ag]/ /fli6«o k~rfotdf lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsf ;De“mb} Kof;L eGg'x'G5– …jf:tjdf hgkIfLosf] e"ldsf xfd|f nflu gf}nf] / rfdTsfl/s g} lyof], b]zel/af6 xfdL hDdf kf“r hgf hgkIfLo k|ltlglw lyof}“ . t/, xfd|f] x/]s cfjfh / sbd kf6L{sf] ;f]r / lgb]{zg cg';f/ of]hgfa4 ¿kdf x'GYof] . To;a]nf xfdL g]skf -dfn]_n] u/]sf] km};nfnfO{ Jojl:yt / hgd'vL 9ª\un] /fli6«o k~rfotdf k|:t't uYof}{+ . kf6L{leq klg ax'bnLo Joj:yf, ; +ljwfg;ef / ax'bnLo hgjfbsf ;DaGwdf s'/f eO/x]sf] lyof] . To;} cg';f/ kb\d/Tg t'nfw/n] ax'bnLo Joj:yf, b|f]0ffrfo{ If]qLn] ax'bnLo hgjfbL Joj:yf, d}n] hg;+ljwfg;efsf] dfu /fVb} ;bgdf cfjfh p7fof}“ . xfd|f] e"ldsfn] Tolta]nf b]zel/ dfq geP/ cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf ;d]t /fhgLlts sDkg k}bf u/]sf] cg'e"lt x'GYof] .Ú /fhf jL/]Gb|;“usf] e]6 /fli6«o k~rfotleq hgkIfLosf] e"ldsfk|lt tTsfnLg ;dodf b/af/sf] ;d]t rf;f] a9\g' :jfefljs lyof] . jf:tljstf s] xf] < hgtf s] rfxG5g\ < b]zsf] kl/l:ylt s] 5 < cflbaf/] ;fob . b/af/n] cfkm\gf] ;ª\s6 a'em\g rfxGYof] . To;}n] /fhf jL/]Gb|;“u Kof;Lsf] tLgk6s e]6 eof] . …/fhf;“usf] e]6 ;Dem“b} pxf“ eGg'x'G5– …dnfO{ /fhfn] ltdL lsg sDo'lg:6 eof} < eGg] k|Zg u/] . d}n] /fhf;“u d b]z / hgtfsf] dfu Pjd\ ;dosf] cfjZostfn] sDo'lg:6 ePsf] x'“ eg]“ . /fhfn] ltdLx¿sf dfu s] x'g\ < eg]sf lyP, d}n] b]zel/sf /fhaGbL l/xf x'g'kg]{, e|i6frf/ / clgoldttfsf] cGTo x'g'kg]{, ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf x'g'kg] { h:tf dfu atfP“ . d]/f] hjfkm ;'g]/ /fhf d';'Ss xf“;] dfq .Ú /fli6«o k~rfotleq hgkIfLosf cfjfh a'nGb ubf{ub}{ )$^ kmfu'g & b]lv hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;'?jft eof] . ToxL lbg pxf“ kf]v/fdf kf6L{sf] emG8f;lxt lu/km\tf/ x'g'eof] / d':tfª h]ndf y'lgg'eof] . ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff;“u} ) $^ r}t @& ut] dfq} pxf“ l/xf x'g'eof] . 3f]if0ff / gof“ kl/l:yltsf] lhDd]jf/L )$& df sd/]8 Kof;L sf:sLdf kf6L{sf] lhNnf sld6L ;b:o x'g'eof] . To;} ;do kf]v/f gu/ sld6Lsf] ;lrj klg x'g'eof] . )$* ;Ddsf] ;do kf6L{ ;ª\u7g lgdf{0f / ax'bnsf] k|rf/d} laTof] . )$* sf] cfdlgjf{rgdf pxf“ sf:sLaf6} pDd]bjf/ aGg'eof] / cTolws dtn] ljhoL x'g'eof] . )%! sf] dWofjlw lgjf{rg / )%^ sf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ eP/ k/flht x'g'eof] . )%@ k'; @( b]lv g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf:sL lhNnf sld6Lsf] ;lrj eP/ pxf“n] ) %* ;Dd b'O{ sfo{sfn latfpg'eof] . )%$ df kf6L{sf] 5}6f}“ dxflwj]zgkl5 pxf“ kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo n]vf k/LIf0f sld6L ;b:o x'g'eof] . Pdfn]sf] nf]slk|o gf}dlxg] sfo{sfn -)%!_ df pxf“ /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf] pkfWoIf x'g'eof] . ) %! b]lv )%@ ;Dd pxf“ kf6L{sf] u08sL c~rn ;dGjo sld6L ;b:o x'g'eof] . )^! b]lv )^# ;Dd pxf“ k'gM sf:sL lhNnf sld6L ;lrj x'g'eof] . )%$ b]lv xfn;Dd -b'O{ sfo{sfn_ pxf“ s]Gb|Lo n]vfk/LIf0f sld6Lsf] ;b:o /xg'ePsf] 5 . nfdf] ;ª\3if{sf qmddf Kof;L )@% b]lv )$^ r}t;Dd nuftf/ tLg jif{ / kl5 k6sk6s lu/km\tf/ eO{ b'O{ jif{ sf/faf;df latfpg'eof] . To;a]nf /fhsfh ck/fw / ;hfo P]g, Hofgd'2f, zflGt;'/Iff P]g, ;fj{hlgs ck/fw P]g cGtu{t pxf“ lbg, dlxgf, jif{ u/]/ hDdf ^% k6s lu/km\tf/ ul/g'eof] . )#^ df k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;d} d08n]x¿sf] cfqmd0fdf ;Vt 3fOt] eP/ pxf“ !% lbg;Dd a]xf]; x'g'eof] . xfnsf] kfl/jfl/s l:ylt sd/]8 Kof;Lsf rf/}hgf ;Gtfg -b'O{ 5f]/f÷b'O{ 5f]/L_sf] ljjfx eO;s]sf] 5 . kf“r hgf gflt–gfltgL 5g\ . 5f]/f–5f]/Lx¿ ;a} kf6L{sf ;ª\ul7t ;b:o 5g\ . kTgL hfg'sf kf6L{sf] lhNnf sld6L ;b:o / cg]d;ª\3 sf:sL lhNnf sld6Lsf] pkfWoIf x'g'x'G5 . bfh', efO, alxgL, kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox¿ kf6L{ sfo{stf{ g} x'g'x'G5 . *$ jifL{of cfdf kf6L{sL dfgfy{ ;b:o x'g'x'G5 . a'af )%* ;fndf &( jif{sf] pd]/df laTg'eof] . cfly{s cj:yf cToGt ;fdfGo cfly{s cj:yf eP klg sd/]8 Kof;Ln] cfly{s ;d:ofn] /fhgLltaf6 ljd'v x'g'k/]g . cfkm\gf] 3/kl/jf/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;a}eGbf w]/} ;xof]u cfkm"n] ;;'/fnL, ljz]iftM ;;'/faf6 kfPsf] atfpg'x'G5 . cfkm\gf] a'af klg )$# ;fn;Dd lzIfs x'g'ePsfn] cK7\of/f] 38Ldf pxf“nfO{ a'afn] klg ;xof]u ul//xg'eof] . kfl/jfl/s ;xof]u, a]nfavtsf] lzIf0f k];f / )$# sf] /fli6«o k~rfot ;b:o ePkl5 cfly{s cefj / ;d:ofn] Tolt lk/f]lng' k/]g . sl7g /fhgLlts ofqfsf qmddf kl/jf/ ljz]iftM cfdf, kTgL / 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ;fdLKodf /xg], x]/ljrf/ ug]{ / d2t ug{;Sg] cj:yf /x]g . bdg / qf;sf] l:ylt t 5“b} lyof] . cfly{s ¿kdf klg cefj / ul/aL al9/x]s} lyof] . …t}klg, k|To]s If0fdf d}n] kl/jf/sf] ;fy / ;xof]u kfO/x]“ . ljz]iftM cfdf / kTgLaf6 d}n] ;w}“ ;xof]u, k]|/0ff / ;fx; g} kfP“ . kmntM h:tf;'s} sl7g If0fdf klg cfkm" b[9 dgf]ansf ;fy /fhgLltdf l6ls/xg ;s]sf]Ú pxf“sf] cg'e"lt /x]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs lhDd]jf/L :gfts tx;Ddsf] cf}krfl/s cWoog k"/f ug'{ePsf Kof;Ln] ljGbjfl;gL pRr dfljsf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf eO{ b'O{ sfo{sfn k"/f ug'{eof] . k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk; kf]v/fsf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;b:o / xfn ;lxb d]df]l/on c:ktfn snª\sLsf] pkfWoIf;d]t x'g'x'G5 . b]z–ljb]zsf] ofqf sd/]8 Kof;Ln] kf6L{sf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug]{ qmddf sf:sL, DofUbL, x'Dnf, d':tfª, gjnk/f;L, wflbªnufotsf lhNnfsf] g]t[Tj txdf /x]/ sfd ug'{ePsf] 5 eg] cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf k|mfG;, O6fnL, ef/tsf] e|d0f ug'{ePsf] 5 . cg]s ;do–kl/l:ylt / k|lts"ntfsf] ;fdgf ub}{ oxf“;Dd cfOk'Ug' ePsf Kof;L hLjgsf] :d/0fLo If0fsf] ;Demgf ub}{ eGg'x'G5– …)$* ;fndf kf6L{ dxf;lrj ;LkL e]6\g kfPsf] lyP“, To;}u/L )$# ;fnsf] cfdlgjf{rgdf hgkIfLo pDd]bjf/ ag]/ ljhoL ePkl5 sf7df8f}“sf] s'g} ;]N6/df tTsfnLg dxf;lrj emngfy vgfnnfO{ e]6\g] cj;/ kfP“ . To; e]6n] d]/f] /fhgLlts cf:yf / hLjgdf g} 7"nf] / ;sf/fTds k|efj kf/]sf] lyof] . Tof] e]6n] ddf cToGt w]/} pT;fx / pmhf{ yk]sf] lyof] . )$& sflQs @# ut]sf] hgg]tf dbg e08f/Lsf] klxnf] v'nf efif0f klg d]/f nflu TolQs} pNn]vgLo 36gf /x]sf] 5 .Ú )%) h]7 ! / @ ut] sf:sLsf] sfo{qmdaf6 labf eP/ lrtjgtkm{ nfUg] qmddf h]7 # ut] bf;9'ª\ufdf a}/Lx¿n] ;'lgof]lht ¿kdf sd/]8 dbg e08f/L / hLj/fh cfl>tsf] xTof u/]sf] 36gfaf6 pxf“ ;w}“ b'MvL eO/xg'x'G5 . To; 36gfnfO{ pxf“ cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] cToGt} b'Mvb 36gfsf ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{x'G5 . rf/ bzs nfdf] /fhgLlts ofqf kf/ ul/;Sg'ePsf sd/]8 Kof;L cfkm\gf] hLjgofqfnfO{ kms]{/ x]bf{ uf}/j ub}{ eGg'x'G5– …kms]{/ x]bf{ d hLjgdf slxNo} k5'tfPsf] 5}g / k5'tfp“lbg“ . lsgeg], /fhgLltdf d}n] slxNo} uNtL ul/g“ . nf]e–nfnr / a]OdfgL klg ul/g“, lgi7fsf] af6f]df lx“l8/x]“ . ca t b]zdf ;fdGtjfbsf] k|tLs /fhtGqsf] cGTo eO;s]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] kIfdf zf;g Joj:yf rNg'k5{ / casf] lbgdf kf6L{nfO{ unt af6f]df hfg] kl/l:ylt cfof] eg] klg Tof] kl/l:yltsf sf/snfO{ hgtfn] 5f8\b}5g\ eGg] ljZjf; 5 .Ú lgi7fsf] /fhgLltsf c6n w/f]x/ sd/]8 Kof;Lsf] ;du| /fhgLlts ofqf gof“ lk“9Lsf x/]ssf nflu k]|/0ffsf] ;|f]t x'g;S5 . pxf“h:tf clj/fd of]4fsf] ;lqmotf, Odfgbf/L / k|lta4tfsf] oyf]lrt d"Nofª\sg x'g' klg plQs} cfjZos 5 .  ‘gjo'u’ yfngLsf] ;do–;Gbe{  8L=kL= clwsf/L g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] klxn] cfkm\gf] d'vkq …dzfnÚ lgsfNYof] . @)!# ;fndf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{dfly nfu]sf] k|ltaGw x6]kl5 b]zleqsf c¿ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] ;dfg sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] klg v'nf ¿kn] clkm; :yfkgf u/]/ /fhgLlts ultljlw ug]{ df}sf k|fKt u/] . kf6L{ cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsf] ;'?sf] lbgb]lv g} nfdf] ;do;Dd k|ltalGwt cj:yfd} /x]sf] eP klg o;n] k/Dk/fut :yflkt ;fdGtL n'6, tn kLl8t ls;fgx¿nfO{ ;ª\ul7t u/]/ b]zJofkL ¿kdf cfGbf]ngsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd ub}{ cfof] . oxL ;dodf )!# ;fnlt/ b]zJofkL ¿kdf km}lnPsf] ls;fg cfGbf]ng;“u} o'js–ljBfyL{sf ;ª\u7gnfO{ ;d]t Pstfa4 ug]{ p2]Zon] d]/f] ;DkfbsTjdf kf6L{ g]t[Tjn] ;fKtflxs …gjo'uÚ klqsfsf] k|sfzg ;'? u¥of] . kf6L{ ;ª\u7gsf] lj:tf/sf] If]qdf ;fKtflxs klqsf … gjo'uÚsf] k|sfzgnfO{ Pp6f 7"nf] cfGbf]ngs} ¿kdf x]l/g] ul/of] . /f0ffsfnb]lv k/Dk/fut k|sflzt x'“b} cfPsf] uf]/vfkqafx]s Tolta]nf c¿ s'g} k|efjsf/L ;dfrf/kq k|sfzgdf gcfPsf] x'“bf kf6L{åf/f ;~rflnt ;fKtflxs … gjo'uÚ ;a}sf nflu cfsif{0fsf] s'/f ag]sf] lyof] . kf6L{sf] d'vkqsf ¿kdf /x]sf] …gjo'uÚ Tolta]nf b]zJofkL ¿kdf x'“b} cfPsf kf6L{ ;ª\u7g cGtu{tsf sfd–sf/afxLnufot b]zdf pTkGg cGo 36gfx¿sf ;fy} ;}4flGts kIfsf n]vx¿;d]t ;dflxt x'g] x'“bf …gjo'uÚ ;a}sf nflu cfsif{s ag]sf] lyof] . kf6L{n] Tolta]nf b]zJofkL ¿kdf hf]tfxf ls;fgx¿dfly rnfPsf] ;fdGtL n'6lj?4sf] ls;fgx¿sf] ;ª\ul7t cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkl5 kf6L{n] /fli6«o ljsf;sf cGo If]qsf] pTyfgsf nflu s:tf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|:6 ¿kdf cWoogdf cfpg;s]sf] lyPg . ))& ;fndf /f0ffx¿sf] kfl/jfl/s x's'dtsf] cjktgkl5sf] nfdf] ;do;Dd kf6L{n] dfly plNnlvt k/Dk/fut ;fdGtL pTkL8glj?4 ls;fg cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 Nofpg] sfddf lqmofzLn /x“b} cfPsf] eP klg b]z / hgtfsf] pTyfgsf nflu kf6L{n] cufl8 s:tf] /0fgLlt ckgfpg] kf6L{ cGof]ndf /xG5 . /f0ffx¿sf] kfl/jfl/s x's'dtsf] ktgsf] !@ jif{kl5;Dd klg b]zn] ljsf;sf] If]qsf ljz]ifu/L ;8s oftfoft tyf lzIff / :jf:Yoh:tf k|fylds cfwf/x¿sf] ;d]t :yfkgf / lj:tf/ geO;s]sf] cj:yf /x]sf] x'“bf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] cufl8sf] ljsf; If]q xf];\ cGo If]qsf] pTyfgsf nflu s:tf] gLlt / sbd rfNg], kf6L{ cGof]nsf] l:yltdf /xG5 . Tolta]nf b]zleq sfo{/t c¿ /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ klg o:t} cGof]nsf] l:yltdf x'G5g\ . oxL l:yltdf )!& ;fndf /fhf dx]Gb|n] cfdlgjf{rgaf6 :yflkt dlGqd08n / ;+;b\nfO{ ;d]t ckx/0f u/]/ h]ndf aGb ug]{ pgsf] sbdn] b]zleqsf kf6L{x¿ nfdf] ;do;Dd k|jf;df hLjg latfpg'afx]s b]zleq s]xL ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf /xGg . To;kl5 …gjo'uÚsf] k|sfzg klg aGb eof] .  j]bk|;fb kf]v/]n ;ª\u7g lgdf{0fdf hf]8 g]skf -Pdfn]_ pbok'/ lhNnf sld6Lsf] ut ebf} * ut] ;DkGg clwj]zgaf6 lglj{/f]w ;lrj 5flgg'ePsf] 5– j]bk|;fb kf]v/]n . #% jif]{ /fhgLlts hLjgofqfsf ;a} ;do pxf“n] lhNnfdf kf6L{sf] ;ª\u7g lj:tf/d} vr{g'eof] . cfheGbf #) jif{cl3 g} lhNnf sld6Lsf] ;b:osf ¿kdf kf6L{ ;ª\u7g lj:tf/df nfUg'ePsf kf]v/]nsf] sf“wdf olta]nf pbok'/sf] ;du| kf6L{ sfdsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ lhDd]jf/L cfPsf] 5 . pxf“nfO{ ;lrj kbdf lglj{/f]w rog t ul/of] t/ ljleGg ;t{;lxt . kf]v/]nnfO{ d'VotM tLgj6f ;t{ kfngf ug'{kg]{ jfrf u/fOPsf] 5 . klxnf]– lrof k;ndf w]/} ukm ug'{ gx'g] . bf];|f]– xf“;f]7§fsf s'/f e/;s gug]{ / t];|f] x/]s ;d:ofnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s lng'kg]{ . …tLg ;t{ kfngf ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf] 5',Ú kf]v/]n eGg'x'G5– …jf:tjdf oL ;t{ d]/f] lghL :jefjsf nflu cToGt} pkof]uL 5g\ .Ú Psbd} x“l;nf] :jefj / JolQmTjsf x'g'x'G5– kf]v/]n . Tof] JolQmTj /fhgLlts hLjgsf sltko d'2fdf kmnbfoL klg b]lvPsf] 5 eg] s}of}“ s'/f ToxL sf/0fn] gf]S;fg klg a]xf]g'{k/]sf] 5 . h:tf] ;d:ofnfO{ klg xNsf 9ª\un] lng] / x“;Ldhfsdf p8fpg] pxf“sf] :jefj;“u sf]xL ckl/lrt 5}gg\ . s'g} ljifodf wf/fk|jfx af]Ng] / c¿nfO{ dGqd'Uw kfg]{ pxf“sf] Ifdtf klg af/Daf/ rrf{s} ljifo aGg] ub{5 . lj=;+= @)!@ dª\l;/ !% ut] pbok'/sf] ¿kf6f/ uflj;df 6ª\sgfy / 5fofb]jL kf]v/]nsf 5f]/fsf ¿kdf hlGdg'ePsf j]bk|;fbsf] cfkm\g} 3/–kl/jf/ eg] /fhgLlts ;r]tgfsf] lx;fan] k5fl8 lyof] . …sfsf /fddl0f kf]v/]n sDo'lg:6 /fhgLltdf ;lqmo x'g'x'GYof], kl/jf/df c¿ s;}nfO{ /fhgLltsf] …/Ú yfxf lyPg, kf]v/]n eGg'x'G5– …sfsfs} sf/0fn] d klg /fhgLltdf nfu]sf] x'“ .Ú kf]v/]nsf] /fhgLlts hLjgofqfsf] yfngL;“u Hofb} /f]rs 36gf hf]l8Psf] 5 . ) @* ;fndf l;/fxfsf] nxfgdf !) sIffdf k9\g'x'GYof] pxf“ . k~rfotL zf;sx¿n] To;a]nf /fd|f] k|ltef ePsf ljBfyL{ 5gf]6 u/]/ k~rfotsf] k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df egf{ uy]{ . /, tLg dlxgf k|lzIf0f lbP/ k~rfotsf] k|v/ ;dy{s agfOGYof] . nxfg ljBfnoaf6 kf]v/]nnfO{ tTsfnLg ;L8Lcf]sf] cfb]zdf k~rfot k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df nluof] . crDd s] eof] eg] k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] k|v/ ;dy{s / cu'jf agfpg] p2]Zon] s]Gb|df k'¥ofOg'ePsf pxf“ tLgdlxg] k|lzIf0f ;lsPkl5 v/f] k~rfotlj/f]wL / sDo'lg:6 ;dy{s eP/ lg:sg'eof] . lsg t < kf]v/]n eGg'x'G5– …k|lzIf0fs} qmddf dnfO{ k~rfotL Joj:yf cJofjxfl/s nfUof] .Ú Tolt dfq} sf/0f lyPg . tLgdlxg] k|lzIf0fs} qmddf emfkf ljb|f]x ;'? eof] . To;qmddf ;'vfgL xTofsf08 eof] . …Tof] 36gfaf6 d sDo'lg:6k|lt k"/} cfslif{t eP“, k~rfotL k| lzIf0f ;lsgf;fy k~rfotL /fhgLltn] b]z pef] nfUb}g eg]/ sDo'lg:6sf] ;Dks{df k'u]“ .Ú t/, pxf“ )@( ;fndf pxf“ l;/fxfdf ls;fg g]tf houf]ljGb ;fxn] g]t[Tj ug'{ePsf] df]xgljqmd l;+xsf] kf6L{sf] ;]n sld6Ldf cfa4 x'g'eof] . )#@ df sf]cl8{g];g s]Gb| -sf]s]_ agfpg] eGg] 3f]if0ffkq lg:s]kl5 To;d} cfa4 x'g] u/L pxf“n] df]xgljqmdsf] kf6L{ Tofu ug'{eof] . sf]s]df cfa4 ePkl5 pxf“n] l;/fxf, ;Kt/L / pbok'/sf] ;+o'Qm lhNnf sld6L cGtu{t Onfsf sld6L ;lrj eP/ sfd ;'? ug'{eof] . ToxL l;nl;nfdf pxf“sf] e]6 / /xg;xg dl0fnfn /fO{;“u a9\b} uof] . dl0fnfn;“usf] ;fldKon] cfkm"nfO{ j}rfl/s ¿kdf cem ;zQm aGg pmhf{ ldn]sf] atfpg] kf]v/]n eGg'x'G5– /fhgLlt;“u ;DalGwt ;a} lh1f;fsf] pQ/ lbg] u'? x'g'x'GYof], dl0fnfn .Ú pxf“s} k]|/0ffn] cfkm" clxn];Dd /fhgLltdf l6ls/x]sf] pxf“ atfpg'x'G5 . To;a]nf tLg lhNnfsf] ;+o'Qm lhNnf sld6L OGrfh{ dl0fnfn g} x'g'x'GYof] . sf]cl8{g];g s]Gb|sf 5 hgf ;+:yfksdWo] klg pxf“ Ps x'g'x'GYof] . pbok'/, ;Kt/L / l;/fxfsf] ;+o'Qm lhNnf sld6L cGtu{t Onfsfdf sfd ubf{ub} { pxf“ k~rfotL zf;ssf] tf/f] aGg'eof] . k~rfotL zf;ssf cf“vf 5n]]/ k~rfotlj/f]wL ;ª\u7g lj:tf/df nfUg v'nf 9ª\un] ;xh geP klg )## ;fndf ljhof l3ld/] -hof l3ld/]sL alxgL_, t]haxfb'/ s'“j/, /fwf ltldlN;gf / rqmaxfb'/ /fO{;“u} kf]v/]n klg e"ldut x'g'eof] . ls;fgsf] xs / lxtdf s]lGb|t cfGbf]ngn] lj:tf/} /fhgLlts ¿k lnO;s]sf] lyof] . To;n] qmdzM pbok'/sf] ;a} efunfO{ k| efljt kf¥of] . )#$ ;fndf lj/f6gu/af6 kf6L{ ;fdu|L lnP/ cfkm\gf] sfo{If]q pbok'/ kms{g] qmddf /fhdfu{sf] aLraf6} kf]v/]n kqmfp kg'{eof] . /fhsfh ck/fw d'2f nufP/ nueu Ps jif{ pxf“nfO{ ;Kt/L sf/fuf/ /fhlj/fhdf /flvof] . t/, h]nleq pxf“nfO{ c¿ s}bLnfO{ h:tf] zf/Ll/s oftgf lbO“b}gYof] . c¿nfO{ lk6]/ kf]v/]nnfO{ t;f{pg vf]lhGYof] . …kf]v/]nhL o:t} xf] dfOG8 gug'{xf]nfÚ h]nleq k|x/Lsf xflsdx¿n] eg]sf] s'/f ;Demb} pxf“ eGg'x'G5 . sf/fuf/leq}af6 dx]Gb| ljGb]Zj/L ax'd'vL SofDk; /fhlj/fhaf6 k|j]lzsfsf] k/LIff lbg'eof] . h]naf6 5'6]kl5 SofDk; egf{ eP/ pxf“ ljBfyL{ /fhgLltdf lqmofzLn x'g'eof] . )#^ sf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf a]nf /fhlj/fh ljBfno / SofDk;df ljBfyL{sf] g]t[Tj kf]v/]nn] g} ug'{x'GYof] . )#^ df pxf“ cg]/f:jljo'sf] ;Kt/Lsf] klxnf] lhNnf sld6L ;+of]hs x'g'eof] . To:t}, )#^ ;fndf klxnf]k6s ljBfyL{ o'lgog v'nf ePkl5 /fhlj/fh SofDk;df klxnf] :jljo' ;efklt klg pxf“ x'g'eof] . )#^ ;fnd} ;DkGg cg]/f:jljo'sf] kf“rf}“ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf pxf“ k"jf{~rnaf6 s]Gb|Lo ;b:o r'lgg'eof], h;sf] g]t[Tj 6ª\s sfsL{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . )#& r}t @$ ut]sf] g]kfn aGbsf] tof/Lsf nflu pxf“nfO{ wg'iff, ;nf{xL, pbok'/ / ;Kt/L v6fOPsf] lyof] . ToxL aGb sfo{qmdsf ;Gbe{df r}t !) ut] /fhlj/fhaf6 k~rfotL Joj:yflj/f]wL h'n'; lgsfNbf pxf“ kqmfp kg'{eof] . /, k'gM ^ dlxgf pxf“nfO{ /fhlj/fh sf/fuf/df /flvof] . /fhsfh ck/fwsf] d'2f cfddfkmLdf vf/]h ePkl5 pxf“ h]naf6 5'6\g'eof] . ) #& dª\l;/ @! ut] b]zJofkL ¿kdf ;+ljwfgsf] lj/f]w k|bz{gsf nflu cg]/f:jljo'n] pxf“nfO{ k|d'v jQmfsf ¿kdf Onfd k7fof] . Tof] ;do pxf“n] l;/fxf, ;Kt/L / pbok'/df cg]/f:jljo'sf] ;ª\u7s eP/ cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug'{eof] . )#* ;fndf pxf“ cWoogsf nflu lqrGb| SofDk; sf7df8f}“df :gfts txdf egf{ x'g'eof] . kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj txdf cfGtl/s ljjfb a9\b} uPkl5 cfkm" )$@ b]lv )$^ ;Dd kf6L{ sfdaf6 cnu ePsf] pxf“ atfpg'x'G5 . )$^ sf] hgcfGbf]ngdf sf7df8f}“df /x]/ ;lqmo e"ldsf v]Ng'ePsf pxf“n] cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkl5 aNn kf6L{ ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug'{eof] . kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nod} kf6L{ ;b:otf gjLs/0f u/]kl5 …sfddf nufpg"Ú eGg] O{Zj/ kf]v/]nsf] kq;lxt pxf“ pbok'/ hfg'eof] . pxf“nfO{ pbok'/ lhNnf sld6L ;b:osf] lhDd]jf/L lbOof] . )$& df kf6L{ PsLs/0f eO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ ag]b]lv )^$ ;Dd g} pxf“n] kf6L{sf] pbok'/ lhNnf sld6L ;b:os} ¿kdf sfd ug'{eof] . )$( sf] :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf pbok'/s} ¿kf6f/ uflj;sf] j8f ;b:o lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] t/ lhlj;df hfg] of]hgf k"/f ePg . )%! df ;'s'Daf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]usf] cWoIf;d]t x'g'ePsf kf]v/]n Tof] ;dodf cfkm"n] e"ldxLg hgtfsf kIfdf pNn]Vo sfd u/]sf] 7f]s'jf ug'{x'G5 . …d}n] ## ;o kl/jf/nfO{ hUufwgL k'hf{ ljt/0f u/]“, d]/f]hlt sfd n'D;fnL cfof]un] klg u/]gÚ– kf]v/]n uj{sf ;fy eGg] ug'{x'G5 . )%$ sf] :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf pxf“n] pbok'/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;efklt r'lgP/ Ps sfo{sfn ;kmntfk"j{s lhlj;sf] g]t[Tj ug'{eof] . nfdf] /fhgLlts ofqfdf klxnf]k6s lhNnf kf6L{sf] d"n g]t[Tj ug{ kfpg'ePsf kf]v/]n clxn] cxf]/fq ;ª\u7g lj:tf/df h'6]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . …;ª\u7g;“u} cfly{s ¿kdf klg kf6L{nfO{ ;zQm agfpg] of]hgfsf ;fy sfd ;'? u/]sf] 5'Ú– pxf“sf] bfaL 5 . kf6L{ ;b:otf lj:tf/ / lghLs/0fsf nflu k|To]ssf] 3/b}nf]df k'Ug] / pgLx¿sf] sfo{If]qsf] hfgsf/L lng] tyf pbok'/sf ;a} gful/saLr …Ps JolQm Ps gf]6Úsf] cleofg yfNg] of]hgfdf x'g'x'G5 pxf“ . eGg'x'G5– …of] cleofgsf nflu tLgj6f 6f]nL u7g eO;s]sf] 5, dª\l;/ ! ut]b]lv cleofg ;'? x'G5 .Ú xf:o– Joª\Uo / /f]rs s'/fsfgLsf kf/vL j]bk|;fb kf]v/]n l;ª\uf] kf6L{ kª\lQmdf ;'kl/lrt x'g'x'G5 . elgG5– :j:y hLjgsf nflu xf“;f] ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . /, x“;fpg ;Sg] dfG5]nfO{ w]/}n] ?rfp“5g\ . h:tf] ls )%$ sf] 5}6f}“ /fli6«o dxflwj]zgsf] aGb;qdf pxf“n] l;ª\uf] /ft xf“;f]do jftfj/0f agfpg af]n]/ latfpg'ePsf] lyof] . /, cWoIf dgdf]xg clwsf/Ln] ;d]t pxf“sf] xf“:o k|jrg ;'g]/ /dfOnf] dflg/xg'ePsf] b]lvGYof] . ca pxf“n] cfkm\gf] IfdtfnfO{ pbok'/sf hgtfdf kf6L{sf] ;'dw'/ ;DaGw / ;'b[9 ;ª\u7g lgdf{0f ug{ nufpg ;Sg'eof] eg] ;kmn g]tf aGg ;Sg]x'g]5 . pHHjn kxf8L ljlgof]lht ah]6df /x]sf s]xL c:ki6tfsf af/]df 5nkmnsf nflu g]skf -Pdfn]_sf s]xL a'“bfx¿ != zflGt dGqfno;“u ;DalGwt M s'n ljlgof]lht ( ca{ ?lkof“df km/s–km/s zLif{ssf sfo{qmddf plNnlvt ljifox¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ . zflGt dGqfnosf] cfkm\g} ;+oGq gePsfn] ljlgof]lht zLif{ssf] vr{df kf/blz{tf s;/L sfod ug]{ eGg] ;d:of b]lvG5 . pbfx/0fM ah]6 zLif{s ^@–$–@)% df /x]sf] % ca{ $ s/f]8 ?lkof“;lxtsf] /sd . o; ;Gbe{df ;'emfj–  k|d'v /fhgLlts bnaLr ;femf ;+oGq agfO{ To;n] g} vr{sf] ljlw to ug] {,  ;a} /sd sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGq0f sfof{noaf6 lgsf;f u/L dxfn]vf jf n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] Joj:yf ug]{,  ljleGg zLif{sdf bf]xf]l/Psf sfo{qmdnfO{ ldnfpg] . -@_ dlGqkl/ifb\ / k|wfgdGqL sfof{no M ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifsf nflu ljlgof]lht -sl/a # ca{ ?lkof“_ /sdnfO{ ;b'kof]u x'gaf6 hf]ufpg lgDg ljlw to ug'{ plrt b]lvG5 M  ;Dk"0f{ vr{ :yfgLo lgsfodfkm{t vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .  of] Joj:yf gx'Gh]n kf/bzL{ ;femf ;+oGq lgdf{0f u/L To;}dfkm{t vr{ ug]{ . -#_ ;xsf/L M k|:tfljt $ xhf/ ;xsf/Lsf] 5gf]6 / cg'udgsf nflu s]Gb| / lhNnfdf ;j{bnLo ;+oGq agfO{ sfd ug]{ . -$_ o'jf dGqfnosf ;Gbe{df  /fli6«o ;fIf/tf cleofg / o'jf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfno cGtu{t ;j{bnLo ;+oGq lgdf{0f u/L To;}dfkm{t ;~rfng ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] . -%_ lzIff dGqfnosf ;Gbe{df  cfª\lus SofDk;;“u ;DalGwt sfo{qmd / ah]6 ljlgof]hgaf/] :ki6tf h?/L 5 . nfut d"Nofª\sg cg';f/ /sdsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .  pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\df ut ;fnsf] t'ngfdf cfwf dfq ah]6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfno / ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vofdf ePsf] lj:tf/ cg'¿k s;/L Joj:yfkg ug] { :ki6 ul/g' cfjZos x'G5 . -^_ cy{dGqfno;“u ;DalGwt s]xL sfo{qmd  ;fgf ljsf; sfo{qmd zLif{s cGtu{t /x]sf] # ca{ ?lkof“sf] sfo{qmd / gLltut :ki6tf cfjZos 5 .  /fh:j r'xfj6 lgoGq0f sfo{qmddf ljlgof]lht /sd s] xf] / o;df /fh:j ;ª\sngsf cGo sfo{qmddf o:t} sfo{qmd bf]xf]l/Psf] 5 ls 5}g < ljz]ifu/L u:tLdf cf7 ;'/IffsdL{ / Ps :yfgLo gu/kflnsfsf] k|:tfjsf] cf}lrTo s] xf], :ki6 kfl/g' h?/L 5 . -&_ alnbfg If]q ljsf; sfo{qmddf lj:tf/  of] zLif{s cGtu{t g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] ;'emfjdf pNn]v ePem}“ eLdfg, lk:s/, l5Gtfª, ;'vfgL, Onfd, cf]vn9'ª\uf, ;'/hk'/fnfO{ klg ;d]6\g] u/L ah]6sf] Joj:yf ug]{ . /f}tx6df rf}nfufO{+ /f}tx6 . g]skf -Pdfn]_ /f}tx6 lhNnf sld6Lsf] xfn} ;DkGg lhNnf clwj]zgn] gof“ g]t[Tj rog u/]sf] 5 . clwj]zgsf] pb\3f6g Pdfn]sf jl/i7 g]tf dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . clwj]zgn] dx]Gb| rf}nfufO{+sf] g]t[Tjdf #% ;b:oLo lhNnf sld6L rog u/]sf] 5 . clwj]zgn] sld6Lsf ;b:ox¿df ;'/]z rf}w/L, a'4 a}7f, /]jGt emf, /fwfdf]xg ofbj, sdn ofbj, clDasf a:g]t, lgt]zs'df/ ld>, dl0fzª\s/ lglw, k'gdb]jL ;fx, dx]Gb| 7fs'/, z}n]Gb| ;fx, ;'/ltofb]jL, cj'nsfnd cfhfb, ;/nf ofbj, hof/fgL ;xgL, /fhlszf]/ ofbj, zfGtf yfkfdu/, Zofd;'Gb/ k6]n, ;lrtfgGb ;fx, dxDdb z]v, ljgf]b k6]n, bLkss'df/ /]UdL, cd/ cfn], dl0fnfn ;xgL, o1k|;fb bfxfn, t'n;Ls'df/ lu/L, clvn]z rf}w/L, /h'l2g cfnd, ¿kf k6]n / xl/ l3ld/]nfO{ rog u/]sf] 5 . x'Dnfdf xdfn x'Dnf . g]skf -Pdfn]_ x'Dnfsf] 5}6f}“ lhNnf clwj]zgn] nf]saxfb'/ xdfnnfO{ ;lrj rog u/]]sf] 5 . clwj]zgn] pk;lrjdf k]|daxfb'/ a'9f;lxt #% ;b:oLo gof“ lhNnf sld6L u7g u/]sf] 5 . sflQs @$ ut]b]lv ;b/d'sfd ;Lldsf]6df ;'? ePsf] clwj]zgsf] pb\3f6g Pdfn] :yfoL sld6L ;b:o Pjd\ pkk| wfgdGqL tyf u[xdGqL jfdb]j uf}tdn] eJo ;df/f]xaLr ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf j}slNks ;b:o tyf s0ff{nL c~rn OGrfh{ l8NnLaxfb'/ dxt, /fKtL c~rn OGrfh{ k|sfz Hjfnf, s0ff{nL c~rn ;dGjo sld6Lsf ;lrj uf]/vaxfb'/ af]u6L, e]/L c~rn ;dGjo sld6Lsf ;lrj nId0f 1jfnLnufotsf g]tfx¿n] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf ;lrj lzj/fh zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf ;b:o nf]saxfb'/ xdfnn] :jfut dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng csf{ ;b:o /fhaxfb'/ /f]sfon] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf sld6Lsf cGo ;b:ox¿df sfnLaxfb'/ af]x/f, 7f]qm] /fpt, hoaxfb'/ zfxL, ;fOaxfb'/ zfxL, g'/hª\u tfdfª, afnfrGb| a'9f, eQm yfkf, wr km8]/f, bnaxfb'/ zfxL, xs{axfb'/ zfxL, 6Lsfaxfb'/ zfxL, vu]Gb| sfsL{, lzj/fh zdf{, ;f}dtL cO8L, dfof /fjn, ¿kf zfxL, pld{nf e08f/L, 6]saxfb'/ nfdf, l5d;'Gb's nfdf, hutaxfb'/ leofn, k|sfz ;'gf/, dGhLt] 6d6f, v8\saxfb'/ bdfO{, snaxfb'/ xdfn, rqmaxfb'/ km8]/f, x:taxfb'/ zfxL, /fhaxfb'/ a'9f, k"0f{k|;fb 9sfn, k'lgdn /fjn, ;'/]Gb| sfsL{, 8an /fjt, bnaxfb'/ km8]/f / sfof{no ;lrj tLy{/fh /f]sfo /xg'ePsf] 5 . cf]vn9'ª\ufdf o1/fh cf]vn9'ª\uf . g]skf -Pdfn]_ cf]vn9'ª\uf lhNnf sld6Lsf] xfn} ;DkGg 5}6f}“ clwj]zgn] o1/fh ;'g'jf/nfO{ ;lrjdf lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 . Pdfn] :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o Pjd\ pkk|wfgdGqL jfdb]j uf}tdn] pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] ;f] clwj]zgn] ;'g'jf/sf] g]t[Tjdf @% ;b:oLo gof“ sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . clwj]zgaf6 sld6Lsf] pk;lrjdf df]xg >]i7 lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 eg] ;b:ox¿df uf]ljGb kf}8]n, g]q e§/fO{, s[i0faxfb'/ a'9fyf]sL, xs{af]n /fO{, zflGt yfkf, zª\s/ sfsL{, d'ufwg /fO{, d]vhª\u /fO{, ;Ltf/fd u'?ª, 5lj sfsL{, bftf/fd wdnf, g/axfb'/ s6jfn, sdn/fh ;'g'jf/, b]jLk|;fb km'ofn, d]vaxfb'/ v8\sf / lji0f'axfb'/ yfkfdu/ lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 . To:t}, dlxnf sf]6faf6 zfGtf 9'ª\u]n, k"0f{ v8\sf / zLnf vqL, blntaf6 anaxfb'/ kl/of/, ;Gtf]if ljs / cf]d bofn rog x'g'ePsf] 5 . 6f]n–6f]ndf k|/fo';ª\3 sf7df8f}“ . k|hftflGqs /fli6«o o'jf;ª\3, g]kfnn] ljleGg /fhgLlts tyf ;fª\u7lgs of]hgfx¿ agfp“b} cfkm\gf] cf7f}“ k"0f{ a}7s ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no aNv'df tLg lbg;Dd rn]sf] a}7sn] ;ª\3sf] c~rn tyf pkTosf ;dGjo sld6Lsf a}7s cfufdL dª\l;/ !% ut]leq a;L c~rnel/sf] ;du| ;ª\u7gfTds cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ lhNnf tyf gu/ ;Dd]ng / e]nf, k|lzIf0f, u7g, k'gMu7gsf of]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . … 3/3/df ;b:otf 6f]n6f]ndf k|/fo';ª\3Ú eGg] gf/fnfO{ ;ª\3n] cleofgs} ¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg] of]hgf to u/]sf] 5 . h; cGtu{t ;ª\3n] ;b:otf ljt/0f, gjLs/0f / /]s8{ Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|To]s sld6L / ;ª\u7gx¿df dxŒjsf ;fy cufl8 a9fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . cfp“bf] k'; @% / @^ ut] b'O{lbg] o'ykmf];{ e]nf sf7df8f}“df ug]{, e]nfdf ;ª\3sf s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf ;b:ox¿, c~rn ;dGjo sld6Lsf ;lrj, lhNnf cWoIfx¿, o'ykmf];{sf lhNnf k|d'vx¿ / k|To]s lhNnfaf6 Ps hgfsf b/n] dlxnf ;xefuL x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . ;ª\3leq dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsf / Ifdtf ljsf; ug{sf nflu cfufdL dª\l;/ @^ / @* ut] b'O{lbg] /fli6«o o'jf dlxnf e]nf sf7df8f}“df cfof]hgf ug]{ klg ;ª\3n] hgfPsf] 5 . e]nfdf s]Gb|Lo sld6L, s]Gb|Lo ljefusf ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx¿, c~rn dlxnf ljefu k|d'v / ;lrj, lhNnf dlxnf ljefusf k|d'v, ;lrj, yk Ps hgf ;b:o / pkTosfsf k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qaf6 / gu/ sld6Lsf k|d'v ;xefuL x'g] 5g\ . o'jfx¿sf] v]nk|ltsf] cfsif{0fnfO{ j[l4 ug{ /fli6«o v]nf8Lx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf cfufdL k'; # b]lv * ut];Dd /fhwfgLdf /fli6«o o'jf v]n dxf]T;j cfof]hgf ug{] lg0f{o ;ª\3n] u/]sf] 5 . a}7sn] chDa/ /fO{ sfªdfªsf] ; +of]hsTjdf ul/df zfx, OGb|nfn ;fksf]6f, x:t kl08t, dx]z a:g]t, lg/h cfrfo{, Ohg a/fn, xl/axfb'/ /fO{, /fhLj kxf/L, emk6 /fjn, xL/f s];L, k]|d dxh{g, >Lk|;fb ;fx, jf;' l3ld/], s]zj lji6, nSsL z]kf{ ;b:o /xg'ePsf] ejg lgdf{0f sld6L u7g u/]sf] 5 . sld6Ln] t'?Gt} sfd yfNg] ;ª\3n] hgfPsf] 5 . ;fy}, o'ykmf];{ ;~rfng;DaGwL cGtl/d lgb]{lzsf hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . a}7sn] uf]ljGb e§/fO{, Clif/fd kf08], hLjg jd / xL/frGb| s];LnfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfnodf dgf]gog ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ljgf]brGb| b]jsf]6f -kfNkf_, lzj s“8]n -wflbª_, u0f]z >LkfnL -u'NdL_, /d]z kf}8]n -vf]6fª_, /~hgf ;/sf/ -;nf{xL_nfO{ ;ª\3sf] s]Gb|Lo sld6Ldf dgf]gog ul/Psf] 5 . ;ª\3n] s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b:oaf6 ;ª\u|fdhLt nfdfnfO{ labf u/]sf] 5 . a}7snfO{ g]skf -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj emngfy vgfnn] ;Daf]wg ub} { kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df kf6L{sf] b[li6sf]0f / of]hgf /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pjd\ o'jf tyf v]ns'bdGqL uf]kfn zfSo, kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf j}slNks ;b:o tyf o'jf OGrfh{ uf]s0f{ lji6n] klg cf–cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . cWoIf chDa/ /fO{ sfªdfªsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] a}7sn] ljleGg !% k|:tfjx¿ klg kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . kms]{/ x]bf{ afx| a'“b] ;dembf/L  dfwjs'df/ g]kfn cfp“bf] dª\l;/ & ut] afx|a'“b] ;dembf/Ldf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] tLg jif{ k"/f x'“b}5 . @)^@ dª\l;/ & ut]sf lbg g]kfnL sfª\u]|;sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] lgjf;df 5 bnn] lbp“;f] $ ah] x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP . 7Ls ToxL ;dodf kmf]gaf6 hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 lbNnL÷ef/tdf /x]sf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf cWoIf k| r08af6 ToxL a]xf]/fsf] sfuhdf ;xL ug]{ sfd ePsf] lyof] . cfh pQm ;dembf/Lsf] k|;ª\u p7fO/x“bf afx|a'“b] ;dembf/L;Dd s;/L k'Ug ;lsof], To;sf] k[i7e"ld s] /x]sf] lyof] < afx|a'“b] ;dembf/L s;/L eof] < To;df sf]–sf] ;+nUg lyP < s;/L pQm ;dembf/LnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbg ;lsof] < eGg] ;Gbe{df d}n] u/]sf, b]v]sf, ;Dem]sf / yfxf kfPsf s]xL s'/fx¿ pNn]v ug{ uO/x]sf] 5' . csf]{lt/, afx|a'“b] ;dembf/Lb]lv jt{dfg ;do;Ddsf] ofqfsf af/]df klg s]xL rrf{ ug'{ ;fGble{s x'g]5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ g]skf -Pdfn]_ x'g'k"j{ g]skf -dfn]_ lyof] . To; kf6L{sf tkm{af6 sd/]8 hLj/fh cfl>t / dnfO{ g]skf -rf}yf] dxflwj]zg_l;t )#^ ;fnb]lv g} jftf{ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf sd/]8 df]xgljqmd l;+x, eQmaxfb'/ >]i7, lgd{n nfdfn] ljleGg sfnv08df To; kf6L{sf] dxfdGqLsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxf“x¿l;t xfd|f] b'O{ kf6L{sf] aLrsf] cfk;L ;DaGwsf] af/]df s'/fsfgL x'g] ub{Yof] . kl5Nnf] sfndf sd/]8 df]xg j}B / k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Úl;t sf7df8f}“df lzIfs, ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng / r'gfjsf] ;Gbe{nufot b'O{ kf6L{aLrsf] ;xsfo{sf] ;DaGwdf lgoldt e]63f6 / s'/fsfgL x'g] ub{Yof] . )@* ;fnsf] s]Gb|Lo Go'lSno;sf] u7gaf6 cufl8 a9]/ )#! ;fnb]lv g]skf -rf}d_sf] gfdn] cufl8 cfPsf] ;d"x Pjd\ )@* ;fndf emfkf ljb|f]xaf6 cufl8 a9]/ )#@ ;fndf sf]–cl8{g];g s]Gb| / )#% ;fnb]lv g]skf -dfn]_sf] gfdn] cufl8 cfPsf] ;d"xaLr ;+jfb / ;xsfo{ x'“b} cfof] . o;} ;Gbe{df g]skf -dzfn_sf] gfdaf6 gof“ ;d"x lgdf{0f ePkZrft\ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf jt{dfg g]tfx¿l;t xfd|f] ;DaGw, ;Dks{, jftf{, ;+jfb / ;xsfo{ x'“b} cfPsf] lyof] / 5 . )%@ kmfu'g ! ut]af6 ;z:q hgo'4sf] cf/De u/]kl5 xfdLaLrsf] ;Dks{, ;DaGw / ;xsfo{ hf/L /xg ;s]g . )%* ;fndf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf k|wfgdGqL ePsf a]nfdf l;nu'8L a}7ssf] cfof]hgf ePkZrft\ g]skf -Pdfn]_ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_aLr 6'6]sf] ;DaGw / ;+jfbsf] l;nl;nf k'gM ;'? eof] . l;nu'8L a}7ssf lglDt g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|_sf dxf;lrj k|sfzsf] ;lqmotf /x]sf] lyof] . To; a}7sdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf tkm{af6 cWoIf k|r08, df]xg j}B …ls/0fÚ / 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . xfd|f] kf6L{af6 d / sd/]8 O{Zj/ kf]v/]n lyof}“ . sd/]8 jfdb]j uf}td Tolta]nf g]skf -Pdfn]_ ljefhg eP/ u7g ePsf] g]skf -dfn]_sf] dxf;lrjsf] x}l;otn] ;xefuL x'g'ePsf] lyof] . g]skf -d;fn_af6 /fdl;+x >L; x'g'x'GYof] eg] g]dlskfsf tkm{af6 gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] / k]|d ;'jfn . g]skf -Ps]_sf tkm{af6 gf/fo0fsfhL >]i7 -k|sfz_ / nLnfdl0f kf]v/]n ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] . d}n] ;Dem];Dd l;nu'8L a}7sdf hDdf !! hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . a}7sdf g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] ljlzi6 cj:yf, g]kfnL /fhgLlts cfGbf]ng / ;dfh kl/jt{gdf jfdkGyLx¿sf] aLrdf ;fdflhs ;xsfo{, vf;u/L g]skf -Pdfn]_ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_aLrsf] cfk;L ;dembf/L, ;'dw'/ ;DaGw / ;xsfo{ /x]sf] eGb} s'/fx¿ p7]sf lyP . sDo'lg:6 kf6L{aLr cfk;L ;xsfo{ / ;DaGwsf s'/f p7\bf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf] Jojxf/, Pdfn]sf sfo{stf{ / ;dy{snfO{ xTof ug]{, cª\ueª\u ug]{, ckx/0f ug]{, rGbf lbg bafa lbg], kf6L{ kl/Tofu ug{ / dfcf]jfbLdf ;fd]n x'g bafa lbg]b]lv ;DklQ hkmt, ufp“af6 lj:yfkg / q:t / cftª\lst kfg]{ lqmofsnfksf ;Gbe{df w]/} s'/fx¿ p7]sf lyP . o;/L g} ;z:q ;ª\3if{af6 xf]Og, ;r]t, Pstfa4 / zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngaf6 k"0f{ ¿kdf kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsg], sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] k|efj / k|lti7f p7fpg ;lsg] s'/f xfd| f tkm{af6 hf]8bf/ ¿kdf /flvPsf] lyof] . xfdLaf6 c¿ kf6L{x¿sf] cl:tTjnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{kg]{, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{af6 g} cfkm\gf] pTs[i6tf k| bz{g ug{ ;lsg], hgljZjf; lhTg ;lsg], g]kfnsf] ljlzi6 l:yltdf ljZj sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf Pp6f ljlzi6 g]kfnL gd'gf / k|:t't ug{ ;lsg] s'/f /flvPsf] lyof] . xfdLn] hgo'4sf] af6f] / pu|jfdkGyL b':;fx;jfbL Pjd\ c/fhs tyf cftª\sk"0f{ lqmofsnfkl;t k"0f{tM ljdlt /fv]sf lyof}“ . lglZrt g} xfdL tTsfnLg kl/l:yltdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] s'/fl;t klg ;xdt lyPgf}“ . t/, sDo'lg:6x¿aLr Pstf, ;dembf/L / ;xsfo{ x'g] xf] eg] cfd"n kl/jt{g zflGtk"0f{ 9ª\un] ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotf /fv]sf lyof}“ . To;kl5 xfd|f] bf];|f] / t];|f] e]63f6 / s'/fsfgL k6gfdf ePsf] lyof] . k6gfsf] klxnf] e]63f6df d / O{Zj/ kf]v/]n lyof}“ eg] csf]{ e]6df d / o'j/fh 1jfnL lyof}“ . ptfaf6 k|r08 / 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{ x'g'x'GYof] . xfd| f] b'O{ kf6L{aLr Tolta]nf dl;t b'O{k6s lbNnLdf d PSn} / k|r08 / s= afa'/fd e§/fO{aLr s'/fsfgL ePsf] lyof] . uf]/vk'/sf] s'/fsfgLdf d;“u} O{Zj/ kf]v/]n / lji0f' kf}8]n x'g'x'GYof] eg] @)^) ;fpgdf ePsf] rlr{t ngvp a}7sdf eg] o'j/fh 1jfnL / uf]ljGb sf]O/fnf ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf tkm{af6 Tolta]nf jftf{sf] lglDt ;xof]u ug{ k6gfdf dft[sf ofbj, uf]/vfk'/ / lbNnLdf lxl;nf odLsf] ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . ljleGg r/0fsf] jftf{sf] l;nl;nfdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf tkm{af6 v8\uk|;fb cf]nL / zª\s/ kf]v/]n 5'§} jftf{ ug{ hfg'ePsf] lyof]/ . o;/L g} k|bLk 1jfnLnfO{ klg Psk6s jftf{sf lglDt k7fOPsf] lyof] . ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ csf] { jftf{ eg]sf] @)^@ sflt{sdf /f]Nkfdf ePsf] lyof], h;df hf]lvd df]n]/ eP klg hfg tof/ x'g'ePsf] lyof] jfdb]j uf}td / o'j/fh 1jfnL . afx|a'“b] ;dembf/Lsf a]nf lbNnLdf dxŒjk"0f{, lg0ff{os / P]ltxfl;s jftf{ ePsf] lyof], h;df d;“u} v8\u cf]nL / cd[t af]x/f x'g'x'GYof] eg] dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{af6 k|r08, afa'/fd e§/fO{nufotsf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿ lyP . g]kfnL sfª\u]|;sf tkm{af6 lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, s[i0fk|;fb l;6f}nf / 8f= z]v/ sf]O/fnf lyP . )^) ;fnsf] nvgp a}7s;Ddsf] dfcf]jfbLl;tsf] xfd|f] jftf{sf] ljifoj:t' Ps lsl;dsf] x'g] u/]sf] lyof] eg] /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] d'n'ssf] k|hftGq df:g] sfd u/]/ ;Qf …s"Ú u/]kl5 jftf{sf] ljifoj:t' g} csf]{ lbzfdf df]l8g' :jefljs lyof] . /fhgLlts 36gfqmdn] gof“ df]8 lnO;s]kl5 /fhgLlts ;f]r / /fhgLlts lbzf cg'¿k gof“ prfOsf ;fy s'/fsfgL ug'{ :jfefljs klg x'GYof] . /f]Nkf / lbNnLsf] a}7s To;} cg'¿k g} lyof] . /f]Nkfdf g]skf -Pdfn]_ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{aLrsf] låkIfLo ;DaGwsf] ljifo klg k|d'v ljifo ag]sf] lyof] eg] /fhtGqlj?4sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ s;/L ;zQm / k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljifo klg csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ ljifo lyof] . t/, lbNnLdf tLg k|d'v bnsf tLg zLif{:y g]t[TjaLrsf] s'/fsfgLdf ;du| cfGbf]ngnfO{ gof“ prfOdf k'¥ofpg]b]lv cfGbf]ngsf] uGtJo / hgrfxgf, ck]Iff / gof“ g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] xfd|f] cjwf/0ffaf/] ;femf ;xdlt / ;dembf/L lgdf{0f ug]{ s'/f klg csf] { dxŒjk"0f{ ljifo ag]sf] lyof] . afx|a'“b] ;dembf/L t'ngfTds ¿kn] nfdf] sfn;Ddsf] xfd|f] ;xofqfsf] dfu{lrq lyof] . cem o;f] eGg ;lsG5, ;f9] kf“r bzsb]lv d'n'ssf /fhgLlts bnx¿ Pstfa4 x'g g;Sbf /fhtGqn] cfkm"nfO{ alnof] agfpg] cj;/ kfPsf] lyof] . bnx¿dWo] Pssf lj?4 csf] {nfO{ prfNb} …km'6fp / zf;g u/Úsf] gLlt clVtof/ u/]/ /fhtGq cl3 al9/x]sf] lyof] . To;sf lj?4 bnx¿ Psh'6 x'g] / ;+o'Qm ¿kdf lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqlj?4 zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ng p7fpg s]lGb|t x'g] g} afx|a'“b] ;dembf/Lsf] d"n dd{ / cf}lrTo lyof] . To;sf lglDt lbNnLdf dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjl;t e]63f6sf lglDt ljz]if hf]8 d / g]skf -Ps]_sf g]tf k|sfz / aLrsf] s'/fsfgLsf qmdaf6 to ePsf] lyof] . x'g t o;cl3 g} g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / xfd|f] kf6L{sf] zLif{:y g]t[Tj txdf gof“ r/0fsf] s'/fsfgL ug]{ cfjZostf dx;'; eO{ blIf0f ef/tsf] s'g} 7fp“df :yfgsf] Joj:yf ug]{af/]df d}n] ef/tsf ldq kf6L{sf g]tfx¿l;t s'/fsfgL klg ul/;s]sf] lyP“ . To;/L g} g]skf -Pdfn]_, sfª\u|]; / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_aLrsf] s'/fsfgLsf nflu a}7s, dlgnfb]lv o'/f]ksf b]zx¿sf sltko dGqL, ;efd'vh:tf JolQmx¿l;t tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwl;t s'/fsfgL ul/Psf] lyof] . clGtddf lbNnLd} e]63f6 ug]{ ;f]rfOsf ;fy sfª\u|];sf g]tf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ sf7df8f}“af6 ef/t af]nfpg], dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjkª\lQmnfO{ /f]Nkfaf6 ef/t cfpg hf]8 nufpg] / xfdL ef/t e|d0fdf hfg] ;xdlt cg';f/ g} ef/t uPsf lyof}“ . a8f] dHhfsf] s'/f s] eg] k|r08 t'?Gt} lbNnL cfpg tof/ lyPgg\, pgnfO{ dgfpg / lbNnL Nofpg dl;t ;Nnfx eP cg';f/ k|sfz /f]Nkf uPsf x'g\ . xfdL ef/t÷lbNnLdf Toxf“sf ;a}h;f] /fhgLlts g]tfx¿, k| wfgdGqL, dGqLx¿l;t e]l6;Sbf klg k|r08sf] lbNnL cfpg] s'/f gx'“bf a8f] cK7\of/f]df k¥of}“ . xfdL lbNnLdf ;do latfpg ufx|f] k/]sfn] cfGw|k|b]z– x}b/fjfb 3'Dg hfg] eg]/ sfo{qmd agfP/ Totf nfUof}“– d, sd/]8 s]kL cf]nL / cd[t af]x/f . kl5 lbNnL kms]{kl5 klg k|r08 cfpg l9nf x'g yfn] kl5 xfdLnfO{ lbNnLdf a:g] axfgf agfpg cToGt} ufx|f] eof] . k|r08l;t kmf]gdf s'/f x'“bf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 3]/fp / ltgsf] lk5fsf] sf/0fn] nfdf] af6f]af6 cfpg l9nf] x'g] s'/f yfxf eof] . aNn k|r08, afa'/fdx¿ cfPkl5 xfd|f] e]6 eof] . xfdL tLg bn g]skf -Pdfn]_, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / g]skf -Ps]_ z'?df a:of}“ / ;+o'Qm cfGbf]ngsf lglDt ;femf wf/0ff agfO{ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; u¥of}“ . xfdLn] ;dembf/L agfO/x]sf a]nf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf cem} sf7df8f}“af6 lbNnL cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyPg . xfdLn] ;femf wf/0ff agfpg]lalQs} To;sf] d:of}bfkq k|sfzn] k]lG;nn] n]v]/ tof/ ug'{eof] . To;sf] Ps k|lt xfdLn] lnP/ lx“8\of}“ . a]n'sf lj:t[t ¿kdf csf]{ cjwf/0ffkq xfd|f] tkm{af6 tof/ ul/of] . sd/]8 s]kL cf]nLn] To;sf] v];|f tof/ u/L 6fOk ul/of] . 6fOk ul/Psf] pQm k|lt ef]lnkN6 xf]6n ;fª\lu|nfdf a:g'ePsf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, s[i0f l;6f}nf / 8f= z]v/nfO{ xfdLn] lbof}“ . kl5 afa'/fdhLn] cfkm\gf tkm{af6 csf]{ d:of}bf tof/ ug'{eof] . otf sfª\u|];af6 klg km]l/ csf]{ d:of}bf tof/ eof] . xfdL cfkm\gf] /fli6«o sfo{stf{ e]nfdf efu lng sf7df8f}“ cfpg'kg]{ eof], sflQs @* ut] . sflQs @( / dª\l;/ ! ut]sf] e]nfdf efu lnP/ xfdL k'gM lbNnL uof}“ . t/, aflx/ k|rf/ u¥of}“ ls ckf]nf]df ;Dk"0f{ z/L/sf] d]l8sn hf“r u/fpg'kg]{ ePsfn] lbNnL hfg'k¥of] eg]/ . dª\l;/ ! ut] g} xfdL lbNnL k'Uof}“ . dª\l;/ @ ut]sf lbg xfdL lbNnLs} Pp6f g]kfnLsf] 8]/fdf rf/j6} kf6L{sf g]tfx¿ e]6\of}“ / ;a} d:of}bfsf cfwf/df a;]/ Pp6f ;femf d:of}bf tof/ u¥of}“ . d:of}bf 8«fkm\6 ug]{ lhDdf afa'/fd, l;6f}nf / s]kL cf]nLnfO{ lbOPsf] lyof] . nf]stGq / 8]df]qm];L zAb /fVg]af/] ;fdfGo 5nkmn eof] . a9L ax; dfcf]jfbLsf] rl/qdf ;'wf/ clg dfGotfdf rNof] . To;df klg zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLlts wf/df cfpg] s'/fdf k|lta4tf JoQm x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf d]/f] / k|r08aLr ;xdlt eO;s]sf] lyof] t/ kl5 afa'/fd e§/fO{n] c8\sf] yfk]/ dfGb} gdfGg] lh2L ug{ yfNg'eof] . cGTodf gof“ /fhgLlts wf/ egL gof“ zAb /fv]/ ;xdltsf] vf]hL ug{ ;kmn ePsf lyof}“ . To;}u/L k|ltlglw;efsf] k'gM:yfkgf jf bnx¿sf] /fli6«o /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng ug]{ / cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g ug] { s'/fdf lgs} ljjfb eof], cGtdf dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] cfkm\gf] ljrf/nfO{ km/s dtsf ¿kdf /fVg lbg] ;xdlt eof] . jf:tjdf k"0f{ nf]stGqsf] lbzfdf hfg], /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ;a} If]qsf juL{o, hftLo, lnª\uLo, If]qLo cflb ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{ /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'gM;+/rgf ub}{ k"0f{ nf]stGqsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{ clgjfo{ cfjZostf ePsf], ;z:q åGåsf] cGTo u/L zflGtk"0f{ lgsf; vf]Hg] ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / k"0f{ nf]stGqsf] :yfkgfsf] cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;åf/f g} ;z:q åGåsf] cGTo u/L :yfoL zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ b[9;ª\sNk JoQm ul/Psf] lyof] . lbNnLdf xfdLn] ;xdlt u/]sf lyof}“ ls sf7df8f}“df ;ft bnaLr o;af/] 5nkmn ug]{, x:tfIf/ ug]{ / ;"rgf u/]kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] To;} a]xf]/fsf] sfuhdf 5'§} ;xL u/L sf7df8f}“ k7fpg] . xfdL # dª\l;/df sf7df8f}“ cfof}“ / $ dª\l;/sf] a'6jnsf] g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] a[xt\ cfd;ef– h;sf] 3f]if0ff xfdLn] ebf}d} g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7sdf ul/;s]sf lyof}“, df ;xefuL x'g d / sd/]8 jfdb]j uf}td a'6jn cfof}“ . zfxL zf;gsf] s7f]/ bdg / Jojwfgsf afah'b nueu Ps nfv hgtfsf] ax[t\ ;xeflutfdf xfdLn] /fhtGqnfO{ r'gf}tL lbof}“, hgtfnfO{ lg0ff{os n8fO“df pqg cfx\jfg u¥of}“, Jofks / a[xt\ nf]stflGqs Pstfsf lglDt k|lta4tf JoQm u¥of}“ / kl/jt{gsf] a]unfO{ ca s;}n] /f]Sg g;Sg] zª\v3f]if u¥of}“ . sfª\u|]; / xfd|f]aLr & dª\l;/df ;ft bnsf] a}7s a:g] ;xdlt eP cg';f/ xfdL laxfg * ah] dxf/fhuGh lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] lgjf;df hDdf eof}“ . g]dlskfsf g]tf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] klZrd g]kfndf uPsf], kf6L{af6 s'g} lgb] {zg gcfPsf]n] x:tfIf/ ug{ g;lsg] x'gfn] dxf/fhu~h a}7sdf gcfpg] hjfkm pxf“x¿af6 cfof] . g]kfnL sf+u]|; -k|hftflGqs_ sf sf=jf= cWoIf uf]kfndfg >]i7n] cfkm\gf] g]tf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf k|x/L y'gfdf ePsf] / kf6L{df cfb]z lng'kg]{ ePsf] s'/f /fVg'eof] . c¿ bnaf6 klg pQm ;dembf/L k9\g ;do rflxg] s'/f p7\of] . xfdL s'g} lsl;dsf] klg l9nfO ug]{, o;sf] uf]kgLotf v'Ng lbg] clg ljleGg if8\oGqaf6 o;nfO{ ;xdlt x'gaf6 /f]Sg] s'/f x'g lbg rflx/x]sf lyPgf}“ . z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ dgfpg ;lsG5 eGg] dnfO{ ljZjf; lyof] . To;sf/0f d cfkm}“n] uf]kfndfg >]i7nfO{ z]/axfb'/;“u s'/f ug{ lx“8f}“ eg]“ clg uf]kfndfg >]i7, s[i0f l;6f}nf / d /fli6«o k|x/L k| lzIf0f k|lti7fgdf uof}“ . pQm ;dembf/Lkqsf af/]df xfdLn] la|lkmª\ u¥of}“ . z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] pQm d:of}bf kq x]g{ dfUg], gx]/L g5f8\g], b'O{ lbg cWoog ug{ rfxg], Ps–Ps zAb / jfSo x]g'{kg]{ s'/fdf lh2L ug{ yfNg'eof] . csf]{lt/, s[i0f l;6f}nfn] emG8} uf]hLaf6 lgsfn]/ z]/axfb'/nfO{ lbg tof/ x'g'eof] . ToxL“ k|x/L pleO{ /fv]sf lyP . ltgLx¿n] yfxf kfP/ pQm ;dembf/Lkq k|x/Lsf] xft knf{ eg]/ d qflxdfd lyP“ . d}n] g} z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ w]/} bafa lbP/ sfuh gx]g{, ;d:of v8f gug{, aflx/ /x]sf sfjf cWoIf uf]kfndfg >]i7nfO{ ljZjf; u/]/ clwsf/ k|bfg ug{ hf]8 nufP“ . t/, z]/axfb'/hL …df}lns xsÚ eGg] zAb g} 5}gg\, of] t clt eof] eg]sf] eg]s} ug{ yfn]kl5 dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ dgfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf;sf ;fy d}n] nf} eO{ uof], …df}lns xsÚ eGg] zAb yKg], c¿ s'/f uf]kfndfghLnfO{ 5f8\g";\ eg]“ . olt u/]/ xfdL kms]{/ lul/hfafa'sf] lgjf;df cfof}“ / kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf hfg] to u¥of}“ . $ ah] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ug]{ / pQm ;dembf/LkqnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ to u¥of}“ . To;}aLr, lbNnLdf k|r08l;t kmf]g u/L …df}lns xsÚ eGg] zAb yk u/f}“ eg]/ ;xdlt u/fO{ To; d:of}bfdf ;xL u/L $ ah] ;fj{hlgs ug{] atfof}“ . otf uf]kfndfg >]i7 cem} klg cf“6 gug]{, cndn ug]{, ptf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] g]kfnuGhsf] ;Dks{df pknAw gx'g] cj:yf /x\of] . aNn–aNn uf]kfndfg >]i7nufot 5 bnsf] ;xdlt eof] . !@ ah]lt/ g} d}n] lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, uf]kfndfg >]i7, clds z]/rg, e/tljdn ofbj clg k|e'gf/fo0f rf}w/Ln] x:tfIf/ u¥of}“ . $ ah];Ddsf] ;doleq gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]l;t ;Dks{ u/L ;xdlt u/]/ kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf hfg] to u¥of}“ . clGtd 38Ldf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]sf] :jLs[lt cfPkl5 $ ah] g} xfdLn] P]ltxfl;s afx|a'“b] ;dembf/L kqdf x:tfIf/ u¥of}“ / k]|;;dIf k|:t't u¥of}“ . cfh tLg jif{ lat]sf] 5 pQm ;dembf/Lkqdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] . t/, cem} klg %, ^ / !@ g+= a'“bfdf JoQm ;d:ofx¿ oyfjt\ 5g\ . vf]l;Psf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ ug]{, oyf:yfgdf lj:yflktnfO{ kmsf{pg], lgjf{w ¿kdf /fhgLlts ultljlw ug{ kfpg] eGg] % g+= sf] a'“bf, ljutsf] sdhf]/L gbf]xf]¥ofpg] dfcf]jfbLsf] k|lta4tfsf] ^ g+= a'“bf / cg'ko'Qm Jojxf/ ePdf 5fglag u/L sf/afxL ul/g] k|lta4tfsf] !@ g+= a'“bf cfhsf] lglDt TolQs} HjnGt 5 . nf]stGqsf] dfGotfk|ltsf] k|lta4tf;DaGwL $ g+= / * g+= sf] a'“bfk|lt dfcf]jfbL slt Odfgbf/ 5g\ eGg] k|Zg TolQs} pl7/x]sf] 5 . o;sf afah'b Pp6f s'/f ;To s] xf] eg] SofG6f]gd]G6df dfcf]jfbLsf] ;]gf /x];Dd jf ;}Go tyf cw{;}Go ;+/rgf dfcf]jfbL dftxtdf /x];Dd dfcf]jfbLsf] lrGtg / cfr/0fdf cfd"n kl/jt{g ;Dej b]lvGg . o;aLrdf 7"n7"nf] P]ltxfl;s kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng ;kmn ePsf] 5, /fhtGqsf] cGTo ePsf] 5, PsfTds k|0ffnLsf] cGTo ePsf] 5, d'n's wd{lg/k]If /fi6«df kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . ;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] dfGotf ;j{:jLs[t ePsf] 5, hftLo, If]qLo, n}ª\lus åGånfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 / juL{o åGånfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ;DkGg eO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf jfdax'n ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] 5 . ca gof“ ;+ljwfgsf] n]vg ug]{, /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf ug]{, hgd'vL nf]slk|o zf;g k|bfg ug]{, ;fdGtjfbsf] k"0f{ pGd"ng ub}{ ;fdflhs–cfly{s–;f+:s[lts ¿kdf Jofks ;'wf/ / cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] sfd ;DkGg ug'{kg]{5 . ;a} lsl;dsf] c;dfgtf, e]befj, k5f}6]kg, ul/aL, zf]if0f, pTkL8gaf6 hgtfnfO{ k"0f{tM d'Qm u/fpg'kg] {5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf afx|a'“b] ;dembf/Lkqsf] P]ltxfl;s e"ldsf / dxŒjnfO{ xfdLn] cem} bx|f] u/L cfTd;ft\ ug'{ cfjZos 5 . cem} klg d'n's ;ª\qmd0fsfnaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] / b'O{jif{] ;ª\qmd0fsfnsf] of] cjlwnfO{ ;xh ¿kdf kf/ nufpg h;/L ljutdf /fhgLlts bnx¿aLrsf] Pstf, ljZjf; / ;dembf/Ln] sfd u¥of], To;/L g}, To:t} / cem} pGgt:t/sf] Pstf, ljZjf; / ;dembf/L sfod ub}{ jf:tljs nf]stGqsf] cfwf/ / dfGotfnfO{ zf;g ;~rfngsf] ckl/xfo{ ljlwsf ¿kdf cjnDag ub}{ cl3 a9\g', g]kfn /fi6«sf] ul/dfnfO{ dfly p7fpg' / g]kfnL hgtfaLrsf] PstfnfO{ bx|f] agfp“b} pgLx¿sf] ;'v / ;d[l4sf lglDt nflukg'{ xfdL ;a}sf] P]ltxfl;s st{Jo ag]sf] s'/fnfO{ x[boª\ud ug'{ cfjZos 5 . – #) sflQs @)^%