SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC CULTURAL HERITAGE TRAINING PROGRAM 2002

Drs Glenn R. Summerhayes and Stuart Bedford Australian National University Training Schedule, Manus, Papua New Guinea

WEEK 1 Arrive Lorengau Lorengau Introduction to Lorenagu, the cultural centre, research committee and the administration Leave Lorengau and arrive Los Negros Los Negros Introduction to Los Negros and initial negotiations with community leaders and education providers

WEEK 2 Los Negros Site survey and workshop discussions

WEEK 3 Los Negros Finish site survey and recording, excavate training and developing a database of cultural heritage sites

WEEK 4 Los Negros Finish Surveying and recording sites Leave Los Negros and arrive at Lorengau Lorengau Heritage and the media; Heritage and the school curriculum

LOS NEGROS - FIELDWORK Three weeks was allotted to achieve three objectives: i. Identifying and recording cultural sites of significance ii. Archaeological survey techniques iii. Archaeological excavation methods

A fourth objective, Community liaison and negotiation would be achieved as a flow on through community meetings held on the first day on the island, and as part of the surveying exercise.

Los Negros, a district in the east of Manus Island, was selected for this exercise. Permission has been obtained from the Governor of the province and all the community leaders. Two weeks has been allocated to site survey and excavation. Site survey includes survey technique, and the identification and recording of cultural sites of significance. Workshop discussions will be held in developing linkeages between the National Museum and provincial cultural officers, and developing curriculums for secondary schools and university centres using distance education.

Lorengau

One week – five days - was allocated to achieve three objectives: i. Heritage and the media ii. Heritage and the school curriculum iii. Community liaison and negotiation

Another two days were allocated for Lorengau: one each for arriving and leaving the province, the rest for training.

These five days are broken into two: Day One and Two will be undertaken on arrival in Lorengau, and before the survey work on Los Negros. Day Three, Four and Five will be undertaken after the field season on Los Negros.

BEFORE EXCAVATIONS AND SURVEY Day One: Introduction to Lorengau, the cultural centre the research committee, and the government. As applications for research must be examined and meet the approval of the research committee and the Provincial Secretary, arrangements will be made for the trainees to meet the Governor, the Provincial Secretary, and the Research Committee. Informal talks on the processes involved for research and the provincial perspective on cultural heritage matters will be undertaken at the Provincial Culture Centre.

Day Two: A guided tour of the Lorengau district and its cultural heritage. Places to examine include: a) archaeological sites of the area, b) local cultural heritage and tourism areas, c) Historic heritage from Lorengau and surrounds.

AFTER EXCAVATIONS AND SURVEY Day Three: Heritage and the media. The morning will be spent at the Provincial radio station. After a guided tour, a seminar on the role of the radio media will be undertaken, followed by the recording of a “real” radio cultural program outlining the role of archaeology, the objectives of the training program, and the results of the excavations and survey. The afternoon will be spent with the local “print” media representative. It is intended to spend the afternoon writing a press release for the national newspapers.

Day Four and Five: Heritage and the school curriculum. The trainees will participate in the presentation of the field school results to the students and teachers. Experience over five years in New Ireland has demonstrated that half a day at each school is sufficient. These schools are starved of up to date information on the archaeology of the country.

FIELDWORK TRAINING SCHEDULE, MALAKULA, VANUATU, 26TH AUGUST-4TH OCTOBER, 2002.

Week 1 Arrive Lakatoro (North East VCC Cultural Centre fieldworkers, and Malakula Museum staff and Malakula) trainers. Present results of 2001 fieldwork to local communities. Uripiv and Uri Islands Continuation of survey of sites related to cultural heritage on Uripiv and Uri Islands. Presentations at local High schools and organise school visits to sites. Uripiv and Uri Islands Excavate previously identified archaeological sites and demonstrate testing techniques and explain stratigraphy. Week 2 Uripiv, Norsup and Uri Further demonstration and explanation of archaeological sites and Islands plus other nearby excavation techniques. Workshops relating to cultural heritage issues smaller islands to be held with community leaders. Surveys of previously un- surveyed islands. Week 3 North Malakula Vao and Atchin Islands Meetings with community leaders to discuss work on these islands. Surveys and limited excavations on these two islands. Presentations to local communities, schools etc. Week 4 Vao and Atchin Islands and Surveys and limited excavations. Site visits to NW Malakula where a NW Malakula community-based heritage management and promotion program is being set up. Weeks 5 Maskelyne Islands and Port The Maskelyne Islands are located in the south of Malakula and may Vila, Efate be the focus of training in 2003. Initial visits and communication with local communities need to be carried out in 2002. Return to Port Vila will enable a summary of the program and goals to be presented on Radio Vanuatu as occurred in 2001. A series of articles to be arranged with Vanuatu newspapers. Finalise plans with Vanuatu Cultural Centre Director regarding information and format of information to be broadcast on Vanuatu Cultural Centre Web site. Planning for 2003.

Malakula - Fieldwork Five weeks in the field have been allotted to achieve a number of objectives: i. Identifying and recording cultural sites of significance ii. Cultural and archaeological survey techniques iii. Archaeological excavation methods iv. Raise community awareness through liaison, education, negotiation and dissemination of information

Again the commencement of the project is planned to take place in North East Malakula. This is required for several reasons. Results of the previous years work need to be presented to local communities. A number of key sites both archaeological and structural/ceremonial that were identified in 2001 require further attention in 2002. Vanuatu Cultural Centre fieldworkers who did not previously participate on the program in 2001 will be encouraged to attend. A good working relationship and understanding of the goals of the project were established with communities in this area in 2001. As previously noted also the Malakula Cultural Centre is located here and Numa Fred the Director is already familiar with the program. The North East area is also under increasing pressure from development, particularly tourist development. A number of sites have already been identified as being ideal in demonstrating archaeological survey and excavation techniques. Accommodation and transport to and from Lakatoro can be easily organised. After several weeks based on Uripiv Island the training program will shift to Vao and Atchin Islands in the North in an effort to widen the awareness of local communities.

VCHSS staff with be running training workshops relating to the recording of cultural sites of significance. The same staff along with VCC fieldworkers will be further trained in the identification and recording of archaeological sites.

A further workshop with VCC fieldworkers will be held on the North West coast of Malakula following a similar very successful exercise in 2001. This area has been targeted as a region with different site types and terrain and therefore requires different strategies for their long-term preservation and management. A locally inspired cultural heritage management program is currently being developed and this provides an ideal opportunity for fieldworkers from other islands to get first hand experience. The VCC fieldworker for this area, Jimmy Sanambath, was involved in the Sasakawa Project in 2001.

A visit to the Makelyne Islands in the south of Malakula is seen as essential during this season (2002) of the program to outline its objectives to the local communities. It is envisaged that in 2003 more detailed surveys and workshops will carried out in the South. The fieldwork in 2001 was seen as largely preliminary in all areas, but it provided extremely valuable experience in terms of community needs and understanding. Fieldwork in 2002 will benefit greatly from the groundwork laid in 2001.

The key to the success of this whole program is the dissemination of information. The later part of the 2002 program is again devoted to media liaison principally in Port Vila as occurred in 2001. This will include Radio interviews and a series of articles in the local newspapers. The booklet which is to be produced at the end of the program will be further updated and finalised. This requires close liaison and guidance from the Vanuatu Cultural Centre. Updating of their web page with the progress reports related to the South-West Pacific Cultural Heritage Training Program is also a priority during this period.

Naturally the above proposed timetable for 2002 may vary due to unforeseen circumstances but it will be followed as closely as possible. The experiences and contacts made in 2001 have greatly enhanced the prospects for the training program in 2002. Further finer details will be worked out with staff from the Vanuatu Cultural Centre. At present dates for the running of the fieldwork are 26th August –4th October 2002. Proposed Budget for South-West Pacific Cultural Heritage Training Program 2002

Proposed budget for 2002 (in US dollars).

1. Papua New Guinea Project $44,863

1.1. Participation of course instructors $17,276

Travel (Return Fare) Canberra - Manus 1803$ X 2 persons $3,606

Travel (return fare) Japan – Manus 2500$ X 3 persons $7,500

Subsistence 14.85$ X 34 Days X 5 persons $2,525

Accommodation 21.44$ X 34 Days X 5 persons $3,645

1.2 Participation of six University Centre Directors, five cultural officers, five museum officers, two university officers, one curriculum studies officer, Manus officers $22,683

Travel (return airfare) Provincial centres to Moresby 325$ X 12 persons $3,900 Port Moresby to Manus 325$ X 14 persons $4,550 Vanuatu to Manus 1,950$ X 1 person $1,950

Subsistence 5.4$ X 31 days X 27 persons $4,520 Accommodation 6.3$ X 31 days X 27 persons $5,270 Allowance 5.48$ X 28 days X 14 persons $2,148 5.48$ X 21 days X 3 persons $345

1.3 Car Hire 400$ X 3 cars $1,200

1.5 PC Hire 1,852$ x 2 PC’s $3,704

2. Vanuatu Project $21,072

2.1 Participation of two course instructors $2,142 Travel (return airfare) 787$ X 2 persons $1,574

Per diem 6.75$ X 42 Days X 2 persons $568

2.2 Participation of three VCHSS staff trainers, nine fieldworkers and one Papua New Guinea representative and a Japanese archaeologist $10,911 Travel (return airfare) 162$ X 3 persons $486 216.5$ X 9 persons $1,949 1950$ X 1 PNG $1,950 2800$ X 1 Japan airfare $2,800 Per diem 6.75 X 30 days X 3 persons $607 6.75 X 42 Days X 9 persons $2,551 6.75 X 42 Days X 1 person $284

2.3 Rent of house 120$ X 6 weeks $720

2.4 Local laborers as assistance $1,204 4.75$ X 42 days X 4 persons $798 Two cooks 33.8$ X 6 weeks X 2 persons $406

2.5 Miscellaneous expendable equipment (Buckets, shovels etc.) $2,003 31.1$ X 10 persons $311 Food costs 282$ X 6 weeks $1,692 2.6 Local transport costs (Car Hire) 203$ X 4 cars $812

2.7 Publications $1,327 Report for Government and Local Governments 4.97$ X 100 printing $497 Booklet 8.3$ X 100 Printings $830

2.8 P.C. Hire 1,852$ X 1 PC $1852

Bank transferal fees $100

TOTAL $65,385

Notes:

Papua New Guinea Project. The increase in projected expenditure rests largely with the inclusion of three Japanese archaeologists (Professor Intoh, Ms Yoko Nojima, and Mr. Toru Hayashi), and one participant from Vanuatu. Airfares are costly as there are no direct flights to Port Moresby from either country. From Japan an overnight stay is expected in Cairns, and from Vanuatu in Sydney. Extra funding is needed for car hire due to the increase reliance on car transport around Manus Province.

Vanuatu Project. The increase in expenditure is again due to the inclusion of a Japanese archaeologist, Ms Yoko Nojima, and a participant from Papua New Guinea. Also the number of staff from the Vanuatu Culture Centre has increased from two to three. Housing has doubled due to the addition of an extra house to accommodate women participants. There is also a slight increase in transport costs due to the expected increase in mileage.