Molecular Model Lab

Molecular Model Lab Name: ______AP Chemistry Partner: ______Date: ______

ORGANIC COMPOUND CLASSES/FAMILIES: alkanes – saturated hydrocarbons (saturated with hydrogen, thus all single C-C bonds. alkenes – unsaturated hydrocarbons (contain some double, C= C bonds alkynes – unsaturated hydrocarbons (contain some triple, C=C bonds) organic acids “carboxylic acids” – contain carboxyl, –COOH, groups ex. CH3COOH O || R = any carbon R- C – O – H chain Alkane Naming # C’s Name ethers – have an oxygen between two carbon chains e.g. CH3 – O – CH2CH3 1 methane R – O – R’ 2 ethane 3 propane amines – contain amino, -NH2, groups ex. CH3NH2 4 butane R – NH2 5 pentane alcohols – contain hydroxyl, -OH, groups Ex. CH3CH2OH 6 hexane R-OH 7 heptane 8 octane esters – 9 nonane O 10 decane || R - C – O – R’

PART A –Draw Lewis structures for each of the following PRIOR to coming to class. In class build each molecule. Name the geometry and draw a 3-dimensional sketch of the molecule indicating the angles. Draw the dipole moment that correlate with each 3D sketch. If there is no dipole moment write none”.

GEOMETRY POLARITY Family/ (draw arrow to ISOMERS? (name & draw a show dipole Class? SPECIES LEWIS STRUCTURE (yes or no) moment that If not an Organic 3D sketch If yes draw one. correlates with 3-D Compound, write w/angles) sketch) NA

CH2Cl2 POLARITY GEOMETRY (draw arrow to (name & draw a ISOMERS? Family/ SPECIES LEWIS STRUCTURE show dipole 3D sketch moment that (yes or no) Class? w/angles) correlates with 3-D sketch)

H2O NA

NH3 NA

H2O2 NA

SO2 NA

CH3OH POLARITY GEOMETRY (draw arrow to (name & draw a ISOMERS? Family/ SPECIES LEWIS STRUCTURE show dipole 3D sketch moment that (yes or no) Class? w/angles) correlates with 3-D sketch)

C2H6 (ethane)

C2H4 (ethene)

C2H2 (ethyne)

C2H2Br2

2- SO4

Pentane

2-pentene Note: The 2- indicates that the double bond is on the 2nd carbon.)

1-pentyne PART B –Draw Lewis structures for each of the following. Predict the stability of each molecule (stable or unstable).

PCl3 CH3 OH CO

Stability ______Stability ______Stability ______Stability ______

Part C – More Organic Compounds – Complete this DURING class or as a post-lab assignment. The idea behind this section is to learn how organic compounds are named as well as their structures. Draw Lewis structures for each of the following. In class build each molecule if you have time. Name the geometry around each carbon.

Lewis Structure SPECIES (Name the geometry around each carbon.) Family/ Class? Hint: All carbons have FOUR bonds. (You do NOT need to write in 3D. Just a Lewis Structure is sufficient.)

ethanol

2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol)

Note: The 2- indicates that the alcohol group is on the 2nd carbon.)

acetic acid

Note: Acetic acid is the common name for ethanoic acid

methylamine Lewis Structure SPECIES Family/ Class? (label all angles)

butanoic acid

Aldehyde

C3H7COOCH3 (I don’t expect you to know this family)

CH3COCH2CN

CH3OCH2COOH

Aldehyde

CH3CH2CHO (I don’t expect you to know this family)

Methanol

dimethyl amine

(Hint: This means there are two separate methyl groups. There will not be two hydrogens on the nitrogen.) Extra Credit: Draw all the isomers for the following compounds.

1) C2H2Cl2 (There are 3) Hint: Double bonds cannot rotate.

2) C5H12 (there are 3)

3) C5H10 (there are 9) Hint: use double bonds OR cyclic structures

4) C5H8 (there are 11) Hint: use double bonds OR cyclic structures