Supplementary Material

Marx, F. G. The more the merrier? A large cladistic analysis of mysticetes, and comments on the transition from teeth to baleen

Contents

Table S1 - List of synapomorphies for clades discussed in the main text

Table S2 - Sources of orbital measurement data

Table S3 - Sources of skull outline drawings

Supplementary references

Fig S1 - Character state frequency distributions for ‘relative’ characters

Table S1 - List of synapomorphies for clades discussed in the main text

Characters in bold represent synapomorphies with a CI = 1.

common synapomorphies – common synapomorphies – clade weighted parsimony equally weighted parsimony analysis analysis Odontoceti 10, 31, 36, 37, 43, 44, 46, 47, 10, 31, 36, 37, 43, 44, 46, 47, 70 70 Mysticeti 3, 11, 14, 16, 39, 81, 85, 106 3, 11, 14, 16, 39, 81, 85, 106 toothed mysticetes 19, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35 19, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35 J. hunderi + M. colliveri 14, 22, 24, 28 14, 22, 24, 28 Aetiocetidae 8, 9, 38, 117 8, 9, 38, 117 baleen-bearing (toothless) mysticetes 18, 25, 64, 73, 115, 117, 120 18, 25, 64, 73, 115, 117, 120

Cetotheriidae sensu stricto, sensu lato and 31, 58, 69, 93, 96, 98, 99, 103, 31, 58, 69, 93, 96, 98, 99, 103, crown group Mysticeti 105 105 Balaenidae 6, 7, 21, 26, 28, 34, 36, 40, 62, 6, 7, 21, 26, 28, 34, 36, 40, 62, 67, 71, 79, 80, 86, 112, 115, 67, 71, 79, 80, 86, 112, 115, 119, 121, 124, 137 119, 121, 124, 137 Cetotheriidae sensu stricto, sensu lato, 5, 12, 56, 61, 82, 95, 101, 102, 5, 12, 56, 61, 66, 82, 95, 101, Neobalaenidae, Eschrichtiidae and 104, 118 102, 104, 118 Balaenopteridae P. calvertensis, C. oregonensis, U. 5, 47, 79 47, 65, 79 gramensis, A. moreni, I. laticephalus, T. sammarinensis, P. polonicus, C. nectus, Cetotheriidae sensu stricto, Neobalaenidae, Eschrichtiidae and Balaenopteridae T. sammarinensis, P. polonicus, C. nectus, 5, 46, 55 5, 46, 55, 64 Cetotheriidae sensu stricto, Neobalaenidae, Eschrichtiidae and Balaenopteridae Cetotheriidae sensu stricto 17, 28, 53, 61, 63 17, 28, 53, 61, 63 Neobalaenidae, Eschrichtiidae and 7, 28, 31, 33, 75, 84 7, 28, 31, 33, 75, 84 Balaenopteridae Balaenopteridae + Eschrichtiidae 30, 108 30, 108 Eschrichtiidae 57, 76, 114, 119 57, 76, 114, 119 Balaenopteridae 13, 15, 41, 42, 63, 64, 70, 74, 13, 15, 41, 42, 63, 64, 70, 74, 116, 132, 133, 134 116, 132, 133, 134 Balaenoptera 53 53, 55 B. musculus, B. siberi and B. omurai 5, 7, 80 5, 7 B. physalus, B. borealis, B. acutorostrata 140, 142, 144, 147, 148 140, 142, 144, 147, 148 and B. bonaerensis B. borealis, B. acutorostrata and B. 36, 46, 53, 64, 132 36, 46, 53, 64, 132 bonaerensis

Table S2 - Sources of orbital measurement data

taxon source Archaeoceti Zygorhiza kochii Kellogg (1936) Mysticeti Aetiocetus cotylalveus Emlong (1966) (toothed) Aetiocetus polydentatus Barnes et al. (1995) Aetiocetus tomitai Barnes et al. (1995) Aetiocetus weltoni Demere and Berta (2008) Chonecetus goedertorum Barnes et al. (1995) Janjucetus hunderi Fitzgerald (2006) Mammalodon colliveri Fitzgerald (2010) Mysticeti Aglaocetus moreni Kellogg (1934a) (toothless) Aglaocetus patulus Kellogg (1968c) Balaenoptera bonaerensis Omura (1975) Balaenoptera siberi Pilleri (1989) Caperea marginata USNM 550146 Cetotherium rathkei Brandt (1873) Diorocetus chichibuensis Yoshida et al. (2003) Diorocetus hiatus Kellogg (1968b) Eschrichtius robustus Andrews (1914) Isanacetus laticephalus Kimura and Ozawa (2002) Megaptera miocaena Kellogg (1922) Megaptera novaeangliae True (1904) Mixocetus elysius Kellogg (1934b) Parietobalaena palmeri Kellogg (1968d) Pelocetus calvertensis Kellogg (1968a) Piscobalaena nana Bouetel and Muizon (2006) Protororqualus cuvieri Van Beneden (1875) Pinnipedimorpha Pinnarctidion bishopi Barnes (1979) Halichoerus grypus Bonner (1981a) Cystophora cristata Reeves and King (1981) Monachus schauinslandi Kenyon (1981) Hydrurga leptonyx Museum Victoria C 25039 Ommatophoca rossi Ray (1981) Zalophus californianus Odell (1981) Pteronarctos goedertae Barnes (1989) Phocarctos hookeri Walker and Ling (1981) Arctocephalus philippii Bonner (1981b) Enaliarcos tedfordi Berta (1991) Desmatophoca Barnes (1987) brachycephala Homiphoca capensis Muizon and Hendy (1980) Proneotherium repenningi Demere and Berta (2001) Piscophoca pacifica Muizon (1981) Phoca vitulina Bigg (1981)

Table S3 - Sources of skull outline drawings

All skull drawings displayed in Fig.3-5 were redrawn and in some cases modified by the author from the following sources:

taxon sources outgroup Zygorhiza kochii Kellogg (1936) Patriocetus ehrlichii P. kazakhstanicus in Dubrovo and Sanders (2000) Physeter catodon Van Beneden and Gervais (1868-1879) ingroup Aetiocetus cotylalveus Emlong (1966) Aetiocetus polydentatus Barnes et al. (1995) Aetiocetus weltoni Demere and Berta (2008) Aulocetus latus Kellogg (1938-40) Aglaocetus moreni Kellogg (1934a) Aglaocetus patulus Kellogg (1968c) Archaebalaenoptera castriarquati Bisconti (2007a) Balaenella brachyrhynus Bisconti (2005) Balaenoptera acutorostrata Zeigler et al. (1997) Balaenoptera borealis Zeigler et al. (1997) Balaenoptera edeni Yamada et al. (2006) Balaenoptera musculus Zeigler et al. (1997) Balaenoptera omurai Wada et al. (2003) Balaenoptera physalus Zeigler et al. (1997) Balaenoptera siberi Pilleri (1989) Caperea marginata Fitzgerald (2006) Cephalotropis nectus Kellogg (1938-40) Cetotherium rathkei Pilleri (1986) Chonecetus goedertorum Fitzgerald (2006) Cophocetus oregonensis Packard and Kellogg (1934) Diorocetus chichibuensis Yoshida et al. (2003) Diorocetus hiatus Kellogg (1968b) Eomysticetus whitmorei Sanders and Barnes (2002) Eschrichtioides gastaldii Bisconti (2008) Eschrichtius robustus Fitzgerald (2006) Eubalaena glacialis Fitzgerald (2006) Eubalaena shinshuensis Kimura et al. (2007) Isanacetus laticephalus Kimura and Ozawa (2002) Janjucetus hunderi Fitzgerald (2006) Mammalodon colliveri Fitzgerald (2006) Mauicetus lophocephalus Marples (1956) Megaptera hubachi Dathe (1983) Megaptera novaeangliae Zeigler et al. (1997) Metopocetus vandelli Kellogg (1938-40) Mixocetus elysius Kellogg (1934b) Parabalaenoptera baulinensis Zeigler et al. (1997) Parietobalaena palmeri Kellogg (1924) Parietobalaena yamaokai Otsuka and Ota (2008) Pelocetus calvertensis Kellogg (1968a) Pinocetus polonicus Czyzewska and Ryziewicz (1976) Piscobalaena nana Bouetel and Muizon (2006) Protororqualus cuvieri Bisconti (2007b) Titanocetus sammariensis Bisconti (2006) Uranocetus gramensis Steeman (2009)

Supplementary references

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