World Geography Spring Final Exam Review KEY 1617

World Geography Spring Final Exam Review KEY 1617 KEY UNIVERSAL CONCEPTS: 1. *Commercial [for cash/profit] vs. Subsistence Activities [farming for self, to stay alive] 2. *Communism [Govt controls economy] vs. Free-Enterprise [Consumers control economy] (draw on the economic spectrum) 3. Development Indicators (Life Expectancy, Literacy Rate, Education levels, GDP Per Capita, + IMR, BR, DR, etc.) 4. Stages of Population Growth (rapid - triangle, slow- tower, negative – cup or kite) 5. *Cultural Diffusion (Convergence [come together] vs. Divergence [divide/be apart]) 6. Assists [helpers] vs. Barriers 7. Nationalism (stateless nations, underrepresented groups, terrorism) 8. *Modern vs. Traditional Societies 9. Import vs. Export (which is better?) 10. *Political systems (democracy, republic, monarchy, theocracy, dictatorship, totalitarianism)

LATIN AMERICA 1. Define vertical climate zones and explain their impact on the people of Latin America: VCZ ALLOW DIFFERENT CROPS TO GROW IN LATIN AMERICA SUCH AS CACAO/CHOCOLATE, COFFEE, POTATOES….

2. HEI = HUMAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION Description Effects CLEARING LAND FOR FARMING BY CUTTING MOST ENV DAMAGE. CLEARS LAND QUICKLY Slash and Burn AND BURNING THE LANDSCAPE BUT MAKES LAND NOT FERTILE/FARMABLE CUTTING FLAT SURFACE INTO HILLSIDES ALLOWS FARMERS TO USE MORE LAND FOR Terrace Farming CROPS PLANTING A DIFFERENT CROP FROM ONE ALLOWS NUTRIENTS TO BE REPLENISHED IN Crop Rotation YEAR TO ANOTHER THE SOIL Deforestation LARGE SCALE CLEARING OF FORESTS CLEARS LAND FOR FARMING BUT

3. Which two European countries (the main ones) colonized Latin America: _SPAIN_____ & ___PORTUGAL ______4. Columbian Exchange- Positive Effects: Negative Effects: 1. EUROPEANS ADDED MAIZE/CORN, COFFEE, BANANAS TO 1. NATIVE AM TRADITIONS LOST DIET 2. CATTLE AND HORSES BROUGHT TO AMERICAS 2. NATIVE POPS WERE KILLED OFF BY EUR. DISEASES 3. EUR. AGRI PRACTICES IMPROVED CROPS IN AMERICAS 3. EUR PLANTS HARMED NATIVE SPECIES

5. What stage of population growth are the majority of Latin American countries in? What types of services will people need at this stage of growth? STAGE 2/EDUCATION

6. What is a favela? A BRAZILIAN SLUM Why do people choose to live here? NEED JOBS IN THE CITIES

7. Describe the location and significance of the Panama Canal. DIVIDES NORTH/SOUTH AMERICA AND ALLOWS FOR LESS TRAVEL TIME FOR SHIPPING/TRAVEL.

8. Key Map Locations: Rio Grande, Caribbean Sea, Amazon river/rainforest, Andes, Venezuela, Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Panama Canal [Label on your map.]

EUROPE diffusion of culture, democracy, eco systems: FE in W, Comm in E 1. How has Europe being the “Peninsula of Peninsulas” affected movement in the region? EASY ACCESS DUE TO PORTS, DEEP RIVERS What economic impact does this have on Europe > Helpful / hurtful World Geography Spring Final Exam Review KEY 1617 2. How does North Atlantic Drift [current] impact the climate of Europe? BRINGS WARM WATER CURRENTS THAT MODERATE EUROPE’S TEMPERATURES.

3. What type of government was established in Ancient Athens and Rome that later diffused to the United States? DEMOCRACY

4. Describe three impacts of the Industrial Revolution on Europe. 1. POP INCREASED 2. PEOPLE MOVED TO CITIES 3. PEOPLE CHANGED FROM FARMING TO FACTORY JOBS

5.Compare and contrast the political and economic systems of Eastern and Western Europe in the 1900s. Western Europe Eastern Europe Political System- DEMOCRACY Political System- DICTATORSHIP Economic System- FREE MARKET Economic System- COMMUNISM 6. How has the different history of these regions impacted their levels of development today? E. EUROPE IS LESS DEV.

7. a. What is the purpose of the European Union? ECO INTEGRATION b. Describe the advantages/disadvantages of membership. [FREE TRADE, OPEN BORDERS/LOSS OF SIMILAR JOBS, LOSS OF CULTURE

8. Define Balkanization. [BREAK UP OF AN AREA INTO SMALLER STATES] Explain the causes [ETHNIC/RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS] and effects of the conflict. [WAR, CONFLICTS OVER TERRITORY CONTROL, LOSS OF LIFE]

9. Key Map Locations: Alps, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Drift, St. of Gibraltar, France, Germany, U.K., Russia [Label on your map.] RUSSIA 1. Why did the Czars (Tsars) of Russia want to expand Russian territory? (What were they looking for?) [WARM WATER PORTS]

2. Describe the effects of communism in the former Soviet Union. Economic: Social (Culture) Political eNvironmental GOVT CONTROLS ECO: GOVT CONTROL OF PEOPLE CAN’T CRITICIZE GOVT HAS NO REGARD LESS PRODUCT CHOICES MEDIA, ARTS, BAN ON THE GOVT, FEW FOR HEALTH OF ENV – RELIGION FREEDOMS OVER USE OF PESTICIDES 3.What region of Europe did the Soviet Union have an influence on? Circle One: East / West What caused this connection? USSR BORDERED EASTERN EUROPE 4. Describe the political/economic system of Russia today: DEMOCRACY & FREE MARKET 5.HEI issues Description (What happened?) Effects [ESPN] Chernobyl NUCLEAR EXPLOSION/DISASTER LAND IS NOT FARMABLE, CANCER RATES HIGH Aral Sea DIVERSION OF WATER, USE OF PESTICIDES CANCER RATES ARE HIGH, SEA IS GONE Volga River POLLUTION FROM ILLEGAL DUMPING WATER IS NOT DRINKABLE

6. Key Map Locations: Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Urals, Chernobyl, Aral Sea, Siberia, Moscow [Label on your map.]

SOUTHWEST ASIA (MIDDLE EAST)/ NORTH AFRICA Desalinization, theocracy/Iran, cultural char 1. Describe the general climate found in this region. ARID/DESERT 2. Describe the population distribution of this region (list out assists/barriers to settlement). PEOPLE LIVE NEAR FRESH WATER SOURCES. DESERTS LIKE RUB AL KHALI ARE BARRIERS TO TRADE AND TRANSPORT World Geography Spring Final Exam Review KEY 1617 3. Describe three ways people have adapted to the harsh climates of this region: a. NOMADIC LIFESTYLE b. LONG SLEEVE CLOTHING c. Desalinization – REMOVE SALT FROM SEA WATER

3. Israel vs. Palestine: Problem- THE SAME TERRITORY/LAND IN Effects- WAR BETWEEN ISRAEL AND ARAB STATES MIDDLE EAST WAS PROMISED TO JEWS SINCE 1950’S CONTINUES TODAY. PALESTINE IS A (ISRAEL) AND MUSLIMS (PALESTINE)  STATELESS NATION 4.Why are the KURDS considered a stateless nation? _THEY DO NOT HAVE A COUNTRY/TERRITORY OF THEIR OWN _____ Where do they live? IRAQ/TURKEY/IRAN AREA

5.What is OPEC? _ORG. OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES_____Why is it important in the world economy? [THEY CONTROL WORLD OIL PRICES]

6.Define chokepoint: _A STRATEGIC (USUALLY NARROW WATER ZONE) AREA THAT IS VITAL FOR TRADE ______

7. Identify TWO chokepoints in this region and explain their significance. Chokepoint Location Significance a. ST. OF HORMUZ END OF PERSIAN ONLY WAY TO GET PETROLEUM OUT ON SHIPS FROM THE MIDDLE GULF EAST. b. SUEZ CANAL NORTH END OF RED SHORT CUT BUILT TO MAKE TRADE/TRAVEL BETWEEN EUROPE SEA AND ASIA FASTER. 8. Describe the political and economic impacts of Anatolian Dam Project on Turkey, Syria, and Iraq [TURKEY CONTROLS THE WATER THAT SYRIA AND IRAQ RELY ON FOR IRRIGATION AND LIFE]

9. Identify the three monotheistic religions of this region and their locations. 1. _JUDAISM______Important Location(s):_ JERUSALEM IN ISRAEL______2. _CHRISTIANITY______Important Location(s):_JERUSALEM, BETHLEHEM + ROME, ITALY______3. _ISLAM______Important Location(s):_JERUSALEM + MECCA IN SAUDI ARABIA______

10. The primary language and ethnicity of the Middle East is __ARABIC______.

11. Define THEOCRACY GOVT RUN BY RELIGIOUS RULES_____ List one example of a Theocracy in this region. IRAN____ 12. Key Map Locations: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Rub Al Khali Desert, Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Suez Canal, Red Sea, Israel/Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Syria [Label on your map.] AFRICA apartheid, pop distr, colonization influence, dist of pwr, infrastructure, cult char, levels of dev, pop char, HEI mods to env How do each of the following features affect population distribution? 1. Sahara - __AS LARGE AS USA, VERY HARSH ENVIRONMENT WHERE FEW CAN LIVE______2. Escarpment- _EXTREME CHANGE IN ELEVATION, MAKES FARMING MORE DIFFICULT______3. Great Rift Valley- _VERY DANGEROUS AREA WITH EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ______4. Aswan High Dam- _HAS FLOODED VITAL FARMLAND BUT BROUGH ECO PROSPERITY TO EGYPT ______World Geography Spring Final Exam Review KEY 1617 6 .What was the Berlin Conference? What kind of lasting impacts did it have on Africa? [EUROPEAN LEADERS GATHERED TO DIVIDE AFRICA’S LAND & RESOURCES UP. PUT AFRICA BEHIND ECONONICALLY, SOCIALLY, POLITICALLY, ENV UP TO THE PRESENT]

7.Identify and explain 3 reasons why Europeans wanted to colonize Africa: 1. __GOLD______- Explanation:_WANTED RESOURCES______2. __GOD______- Explanation:__WANTED TO CONVERT AFRICANS TO CHRISTIANITY______3. __GLORY______- Explanation:_WANTED TO BECOME FAMOUS AND RICH WITH EXPLORATIONS

5.Desertification in the Sahel Causes- Effects-  OVERGRAZING  PULLS ROOTS FROM SOIL AND DESERT EXPANDS  OVER FARMING  PULLS NUTRIENTS FROM SOIL, DESERT SPREADS  OVER POPULATION  CARRYING CAPACITY OF LAND IS OVER BURDENDED 8. What was Apartheid? _OFFICAL SEPARATION OF RACES IN SOUTH AFRICA ____ What was it’s significance (ESP) in South Africa? HELD BACK 90% OF POPULATION IN ECO/SOC/POL AREAS

9.Compare and contrast Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa: North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa ARABIC Language TRADITIONAL LANGUAGES + ENGLISH ISLAM Religion TRADITIONAL RELIGIONS + CHRISTIANITY ARID/DESERT Climate TROPICAL, TEMPERATE

10.Define and give a Sub-Saharan Africa example of each of the following terms Term/DEFINITION Example Famine-NOT ENOUGH FOOD TO FEED THE POPULATION SUDAN, SOMALIA Genocide- KILLING A SPECIFIC ETHNIC OR RELIGIOUS GROUP SUDAN, RWANDA Pandemic- A DISEASE THAT SPREADS ACROSS THE WORLD EBOLA, SARS, BIRD FLU Epidemic- A DISEASE THAT SPREADS ACROSS A REGION SAME AS ABOVE 11. Key map locations: Egypt, Nile River, Red Sea, Suez Canal, South Africa [Label on your map.] SOUTH ASIA trad culture, eco char, outsourcing, infrastructure, climate/monsoons 1. HEI Description/Causes Effects Adaptations SEASONAL WINDS THAT BRING ENSURES WATER FOR GROW CROPS THAT Monsoons: RAIN TO SOUTH ASIA JUNE- FARMING ADAPT TO LOTS OF SEPT WATER SEASONAL HURRICANES IN FLOODING OF LOW HOUSES ON STILTS Cyclones: PACIFIC & INDIAN OCEAN ELEVATIONS Convergent EARTHQUAKES SHIFT PLATE DAMAGE TO HOUSING, EARLY WARNING Boundary BOUNDARIES LAND, PEOPLE SYSTEMS

2. Identify the castes of India in the diagram: [BRAHMANS RULERS MERCHANTS FARMERS]

3. Which group is not included? Why? [UNTOUCHABLES/TOO TERRIBLE IN PAST LIFE TO BE IN A CASTE]

4. Overpopulation in India World Geography Spring Final Exam Review KEY 1617 Causes Effects 1. FARMERS NEED KIDS TO WORK THE FIELDS 1. TOO MANY POOR FAMILIES 2. FAMILIES WANT BOYS TO BE THEIR OLD AGE CARE 2. TOO MANY BOYS 3. FAMILIES WANT BOYS FOR RELIGIOUS/CULTURAL TRADITIONS 3. NOT ENOUGH GIRLS, NOT TREATED FAIRLY 5. What is outsourcing? [SENDING FACTORY WORK TO PLACES THAT PAY LOWER WAGES.] Why is South Asia (India) an ideal location for outsourcing? [LOTS OF PEOPLE THAT WILL WORK FOR LESS $$, ENGLISH IS AN OFFICIAL LANGUAGE DUE TO COLONIZATION]

6. Describe the relationship between India and Pakistan. [INDIA = HINDU, PAKISTAN = ISLAMIC] What caused this tension? AT END OF BRITISH COLONIALISM KASHMIR STAYED WITH INDIA EVEN THOUGH IT IS ISLAMIC

7. Key Map Locations: Ganges River, Indus River, Himalayas, Indian Ocean, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh [Label on your map.] EAST ASIA HEI/tech, pop dist, pol systems, levels of dev, policy POV, phys processes 8. HEI Description/Causes Effects Adaptations VOLCANIC ZONE AROUND ERUPTIONS Ring of Fire PACIFIC OCEAN CAUSED BY PACIFIC RIM PLATES DAMAGE TO PROPERTY BUILDING CODES, ESCAPE Earthquakes SHIFTING ROUTES MASSIVE WAVE OF WATER DAMAGE TO PROPERTY EARLY WARNING Tsunamis CAUSED BY UNDERWATER EQ SYSTEMS, SEE ABOVE 9. Three Gorges Dam Advantages Disadvantages  MORE ELECTRICITY  LOSS OF FARMLAND  INCREASE IN GDP FOR CHINA  LOSS OF HOMES, CULTURAL SITES

10.Population issues One Birth Policy Population Policy Angel Plan CHINA Country JAPAN TOO MANY PEOPLE NOT ENOUGH PEOPLE Population Problem (Why is the policy needed?) REDUCED POP, AS OF 2016 CAN HAS NOT BEEN EFFECTIVE Effects HAVE 2 KIDS 11.What are the potential problems of high urban density? OVERCROWDING, NOT ENOUGH SERVICES, OVERLOADED INFRASTRUCTURE

List three ways people of East Asia have adapted to these problems. 1. __SPACE SAVING HOUSING/FURNITURE___ 2. _SAFER INFRASTRUCTURE_____ 3. MORE MODERN SERVICES______2.List the types of economic systems for each of the following:  China: __COMMUNIST______(moving towards __FREE MARKET____)  Japan: __FREE MARKET______ North Korea:__COMMUNIST______ South Korea:__FREE MARKET______

3.What is propaganda? _BIASED INFO USED TO PROMOTE A POLITICAL CAUSE ______How is it used in China and North Korea? TO KEEP CONTROL OF THE PEOPLE AND THEIR LIVES.

4.What is the primary religion of China? __CONFUCIANISM______How has it impacted culture in the region? GOOD WORK ETHIC, RESPECT FOR ELDERS World Geography Spring Final Exam Review KEY 1617 5.What is the Silk Road? A TRADE NETWORK CONNECTING EAST ASIA WITH EUROPE

6.Key Map Locations: Yangtze/Chang River, Yellow/Huang River, Korean Peninsula, Gobi Desert, Japan, China, South and North Korea [Label on your map.] SOUTHEAST ASIA/OCEANIA migration, climate dist, pop dist, ecotourism, eco activities 1.Define and/or describe the impact of colonialism on Southeast Asia. [HURT THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE OF THE PEOPLE]

2.Describe the Vietnam War and its significance. Be sure to include information on the sides and the outcome. [NORTH – COMMUNIST/SOVIETS SOUTH – DEMOCRACY/USA USA LEFT AND COMMUNISTS CONTROL VIETNAM]

3.Cambodian genocide/Khmer Rouge – [A DICTATORSHIP IN CAMBODIA THAT KILLED ALL EDUCATED/RICH IN THE 70’S] 4. Describe and give the significance of the Great Barrier Reef [WORLDS LARGEST LIVING REEF, TOURIST ATTRACTION FOR AUSTRALIA]

5.Key Map Locations: Mekong River, Great Barrier Reef, Outback, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, Indonesia, Australia [Label on your map.]