Humanitarian Logistics - Disaster Relief and Logistics in Developing Countries

Course program Spring (V)14

MTTN45 - Humanitarian Logistics

Course responsible: Professor Marianne Jahre

Page | 1 Welcome to the course Why would you want to choose this course?  You want to work abroad in challenging contexts  The humanitarian world needs good logisticians  The course combines practice and theory with teachers who practiced as logisticians in the Tsunami, Pakistan, Haiti,..  It is an interactive course with lectures and case discussions  No exam, but project task to be handed in at end of course  ….you’d like to do something different -

Knowledge and understanding For a passing grade the student must:  be able to use theories, models and tools to describe, analyse and evaluate supply chains in a humanitarian context. This means that the students will have:  an overall picture of specifics about the humanitarian context and how this (may) impact on the design of the supply chain  an understanding of the relationships between key elements in the supply chain and how to use it in this particular context  capacity to understand, explain, and compare a set of specific models for managing the humanitarian supply chain  and understanding of how to measure performance and implement changes to improve overall supply chain efficiency  basic knowledge of information and documentation requirements

Skills and abilities For a passing grade the student must independently be able to:  methodically analyse needs and how they impact on supply chain design  use established technical terms to communicate and discuss supply chain related issues in the humanitarian context  put into practice models and tools presented in the course  use reference literature and scientific publications to analyse, evaluate and develop solutions

Judgement and approach For a passing grade the student must:  have acquired self-confidence and deeper insight into the humanitarian logistics area  be confident with methods to be used for the analysis of humanitarian supply chains  be able to apply critical thinking to humanitarian logistics problems  have developed their interest in humanitarian logistics issues  have improved their insight into the role of logistics in the humanitarian context

Page | 2 MTTN45 - Humanitarian Logistics: Lp 2, V12 for - 7,5 ECTS Contents The humanitarian context: actors, activities and resources involved in disaster relief; designing, managing and measuring supply chains; sourcing and procurement; outsourcing and cooperation with logistics service providers, coordination needs and means; infrastructure, transportation and warehousing; trends in logistics/SCM strategies and structures. Credits: 7,5 Grading scale: TH Cycle: A Language of instruction: The course will be given in English Course coordinator/s: Professor Marianne Jahre & Master student Johanna Leonard E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Recommended prerequisites: MTT105/F01 Logistics, MTTN01 Logistics in the Building Process or minimum 3 years of experience working with logistics. Assessment: To qualify for a final grade, the student must have completed a compulsory project and cases. Evaluation of course performance is based on the project and participation in class. Parts: 2. Home page: http://www.tlog.lth.se

Aim The course will give students fundamental and advanced knowledge about humanitarian logistics and the design, management and measurement of supply chains in the humanitarian context with focus on disaster preparedness and response. The scope of the course is to provide an overview of the specific context of humanitarian logistics and a set of important available concepts, models, and tools. The course will furnish an understanding of the important role of logistics and supply chain management in the humanitarian context. It will also convey the knowledge and skills to methodically analyse needs, and consequently to design, manage and measure the supply chain. The proposed approach is designed to give the participants specific information that they can add to their general logistics knowledge, to better understand how humanitarian logistics operates. This can provide the basis for the participant to become involved in, and hopefully improve, humanitarian logistics as a practitioner, supplier, or researcher.

Content Lectures and facilitation: 44 hours Student work: (project task/reading/case) 156 hours

Examiner Marianne Jahre

Page | 3 Course responsible Marianne Jahre - easiest to reach by e-mail. Phone: +4746410475 (Norway) E-mail: [email protected]

Course lecturers From industrial management and logistics MJ Marianne Jahre [email protected] AP Ala Pazirandeh [email protected] JK Joakim Kembro [email protected]

From Avenir Analytics HvD Hetty van Doorn [email protected]

Guests Svein Hapnes, Senior Business Analyst (SCM), UNHCR GSC, Budapest, [email protected] Alexander Blecken, Deputy Director, Procurement Practice, Procurement & Supply Chain Practice Group, UNOPS, Copenhagen, [email protected] Ida Karlsson, Sustainability analyst, Procurement & Supply Chain Practice Group, UNOPS, Copenhagen

Course secretary Högskolesekr. Åsa Malm Phone: 046 - 222 9151 E-mail: [email protected]

Department of Industrial Management and Logistics M-house offices 4 vån (3rd floor). For mail: Teknisk logistik, LTH, Box 118, 221 00 Lund For visits: Ole Römers väg 1 Fax: 046 - 222 4615 Website: www.tlog.lth.se

Page | 4 Relevant information To be found in the website of the department. Click "Courses", then go to lp 4 and click on the course name. In order to have full access to all information about the course, you need a password which is hl_student, Password: MTTN45

Literature Articles provided by the department (at course website) ahead of course. There may be additional articles, case, presentations handed out during the course. Depending on students’ previous education and experience, we recommend one or more of the following books as a basis:  Tomasini, R. and van Wassenhove, L. (2009) Humanitarian Logistics, INSEAD Business Press and Palgrave Macmillan, UK  Simchi-Levi, D., Kaminsky, P. and Simchi-Levi, E. (2004) Managing the supply chain: The definitive guide for the business professional, McGraw-Hill  Christopher, M. (2010) Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 4th edition, Financial Times Prentice Hall

Compulsory course components 1. Project task: 2 hand-ins. 2. Interactive exercises and class participation: Individual attendance and active participation through self-evaluation. 3. Lectures: In principle, all lectures are compulsory by assigning points per lecture for attendance.

Evaluation and grading Project task weight 50% (3,75 ECTS) Participation in class weight 50% (3,75 ECTS)

Project Task, cases and participation in class The students are trained in small groups in identifying, theorizing, analysing, and understanding problems related to humanitarian logistics and supply chains. Information sources will be internet, reports, etc. In the assignment/case studies, the students will work in groups to analyse and solve cases and to write and orally present and participate in discussions. Students are to self-evaluate their active participation individually.

Page | 5 Schedule (Can be due to change)

No. of hrs of Module Date Place Subject Responsible lecturing Structure & content of M:D 8-12 the course MJ (1st & 6th) 1 1.04 4+2 M:D 15-17 Humanitarian Context HvD (2nd-5th) and activities WEEK 1 cont. context and activities 2 2.04 M:D 8-10 MJ 2 What is humanitarian logistics/SCM: Accountability and 4 3 9.04 M:3145 8-10 performance AP measurement Sourcing and procurement Will be announced at morning lect. Introduction to the UN WEEK 2 and sustainable 9.04 (Seminar room / EC AP / AB / IK 2 procurement 4 10-12) Guest: Alexander Blecken and Ida Karlsson, UNOPS Sourcing & 10.04 M:E 8-12 AP 4 procurement WEEK 3 MD 8-10 Transport, warehousing 5 7.05 MB 10-17 & materials JK 2*4 M:P1-2 (gp.) 8-17 management (Case) 6 9.05 M:D 13-17 Distribution JK/SH 4 mechanisms in principle and practice

Page | 6 Guest: Svein Hapnes, UNHCR by skype M:A 8-10 Coordination and 7 20.05 M:B 13-15 accountability in HvD/MJ 2*4 M:P1-2 8-17 practice Presentation assignment 1 M:D 8-10 Forecasting, strategic 8a 21.05 (M:E 10-17) and tactical planning MJ/HvD 2*2 WEEK 4 M: P1-2 (gp.) 8-17 Main Case 1: 2 hrs in classroom, rest is student work Forecasting, strategic and tactical planning M:E 8-17 Main Case 2: 2*2 hours 8b 22.05 MJ 2*2 M: P1-2 (gp.) 8-17 in classroom, rest is student work

Page | 7 Participation in class: self-assessment (39%) Class participation: individual Active participation: self- Attendance including evaluation on 50% Theme evaluation - max no. of survey-monkey - max no. of points points1 Structure & content of the course 1 Humanitarian Context and activities 2 2 Hand out case assignment 1 cont. context and activities 2 2 2 What is humanitarian logistics/SCM 3 Accountability and performance measurement 3 2 Introduction to sourcing: Sourcing & procurement 4 3 2 Guest: Alexander Blecken, UNOPS 5 Transport, warehousing & materials management (Case) 2 2 Distribution mechanisms in principle and practice 6 3 2 Guest: Svein Hapnes, UNHCR by skype 7 Coordination and accountability in practice 2 2

8a Main Case 1 2 2

8b Main Case 2 2 2

Total number of maximum points 21 18

1Constitutes learning points from each module and self-assessment. Requires reading the material (required readings are marked with * and underlined for each module below) ahead of lectures and active participation in class/group discussions. To be answered in connection with evaluation of each module on survey-monkey.

Page | 8 Participation in class: Presentation (11%)

Group presentation of case assignment 1.

Project task (50%) Case assignment 1 (20%): group The format of the report should be 6-8 type-written pages on paper size A4, with line spacing of 1 ½ lines. Recommended layout is 5 cm left margin, 1 cm right margin, 2 cm at the top of the page and 3 cm at the bottom. All pages must be numbered. An abstract should be provided as well as a table of contents directly following the front page (excluded from the number of pages)  Hand out 1st April 8AM on the course website and in class

 Hand in 19th May 8AM by e-mail to [email protected]

Case assignment 2 (30%): group Interactive exercise with compulsory participation and deliverables 21st -22nd May. More details will be provided later. Date for hand-in may change.

Below you will find a list of readings for each module. The references that are underlined are material you are expected to read ahead of class and report on in the self-evaluation. The documents which may be difficult to find through other sources we have uploaded for you at the website. You are expected to find and download the remaining yourself. This is for copyright reasons.

Page | 9 Module 1: INTRODUCTION: THE COURSE & THE HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

Learning Objective: Students should have an overall picture of specifics about the humanitarian context and how this is linked to humanitarian logistics and supply chain management in disaster response.

Topics:  The course outline with modules and concepts  SCM in Disaster Response  The humanitarian context - trends and challenges  The operational context – doing logistics in the field

Literature:

Compulsory:  GHA Report 2013, Global Humanitarian Assistance, Development Initiatives, UK http://www.globalhumanitarianassistance.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/GHA-Report-2013.pdf  Beiser, V. (2010) Organizing Armageddon: What We Learned From the Haiti Earthquake, Wired Magazine, 19th April Film: Inside Disaster: Part 1: Emergency (50 mins)

Recommended readings: Tomasini and van Wassenhove (2009) Chapter 1 & 2; Simchi-Levi et al. (2004) Chapter 1 & 9; Christopher (2010) Chapter 1, 10 & 14

Page | 10 Module 2: WHAT IS HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS

Learning Objective: Students should have an understanding of strategic and tactical planning in the humanitarian context and how this (may) impact on disaster response performance.

Topics:  Main resources needed and activities (process) undertaken in humanitarian supply chains  Preparedness, Response and Recovery  Pull versus push applications in disaster response.

Literature:

Compulsory:  Majewski, B., Navangul, K.A. and Heigh, I. (2010) A Peek into the Future of Humanitarian Logistics: Forewarned is Forearmed, Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 11(3), 4-20  Jahre, M. and Heigh, I. (2008) Does the Current Constraints in Funding Promote Failure In Humanitarian Supply Chains? Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 9(2), 44-54  Duran, S., Gutierrez, M.A. and Keskinocak, P. (2011) Pre-Positioning of Emergency Items for CARE International, Vol.41, No.3, May- June, 223-237

Recommended readings: Tomasini and van Wassenhove (2009) Chapter 3; Simchi-Levi et al. (2004) Chapter 2, 3 & 4; Christopher (2010) Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8

Page | 11 MODULE 3: ACCOUNTABILITY AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT

Learning Objective: Students should understand the importance of accountability in the humanitarian sector, how it links with visibility and transparency, and how performance measurement can support accountability.

Topics:  The importance of accountability - benefits  How to ascertain accountability - challenges o The Humanitarian Principles – Defining the Humanitarian Space o Importance of information for accountability o Evaluations – basis for accountability  Example of evaluating disaster response – lessons learned from Haiti  How performance measurement can support accountability  Improving supply chain performance through measurements

Literature:

Compulsory:  Persson, G. (1995) Logistics Process Redesign: Some Useful Insights, The International Journal of Logistics Management, 6(1), 13-26.

Recommended readings: Tomasini and van Wassenhove (2009) Chapter 5; Simchi-Levi et al. (2004) Chapter 8; Christopher (2010) Chapter 2 & 3

Page | 12 Module 4: SOURCING & PROCUREMENT

Learning Objective: Students should know how to work with sourcing and procurement strategy and process in the humanitarian context with particular focus on new developments such as market shaping initiatives, framework agreements, and procurement centres. Students should also get some understanding in the links between disaster response and development.

Topics:  The procurement process  Determining specifications (Disaster vs. Development) o Supplier Selection: Public procurement acts, Global vs. Local sourcing, Single vs. Multiple sourcing  Contracting and negotiations o Increasing negotiation leverage (group purchasing)  Ordering (disaster vs. Development)  Expedition, follow up and evaluation  Sustainable purchasing at the UN

Literature: Compulsory articles:  International Trade Center (2001) Humanitarian and Development Procurement - A Vast and Growing Market, International Trade Forum, available at: http://www.tradeforum.org/Humanitarian-and-Development-Procurement---A-Vast-and-Growing-Market/  Pazirandeh, A. Norrman, A (2014) An interrelation model of power and purchasing strategies: A study of vaccine purchase for developing countries.J ournal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 20(1), 41-53.

Recommended readings: Simchi-Levi et al. (2004) Chapter 6 & 7; Christopher (2010) Chapter 9 & 10 Schotanus, F. (2005) Cooperative purchasing within the United Nations. Proceedings of IPSERA 2005 Conference, 20-23 March 2005, Archamps, France.Falasca, M., & Zobel, C. W. (2011). A two-stage procurement model for humanitarian relief supply chains. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 1(2), 151-169.

Page | 13 Herlin, H., & Pazirandeh, A. (2011). Nonprofit organizations shaping the market of supplies. International Journal of Production Economics. 139 (2): 411-421

Module 5: TRANSPORT, WAREHOUSING & MATERIALS MANAGEMENT

Learning Objective: Students shall have a good understanding of transport, warehousing and materials management in the field in the humanitarian context – planning, receiving, maintenance, and distribution of stock.

Topics:  Prepositioning and inventory management  The levels of warehousing: global, national and per operation  Risk pooling  Forecasting, uncertainties and safety stock  Field solutions  Specific challenges of using LSPs

Literature:

Compulsory articles:  Introductory case text.(6)  Hammervoll, T. and Bø. E. (2010) Shipper-carrier integration – Overcoming the transparency problem through trust and collaboration, European Journal of Marketing, 44(7/8), 1121-1139.

Recommended readings: Tomasini and van Wassenhove (2009) Chapter 3 & 7; Simchi-Levi et al. (2004) Chapter 2, 4 & 5; Christopher (2010) Chapter 4, 10, 11 & 13

Interactive exercise

Page | 14 Page | 15 Module 6: DISTRIBUTION MECHANISMS IN PRINCIPLE AND PRACTICE

Learning Objective: Students should understand challenges in disaster relief distribution, the various solutions to overcome the challenges and important issues to take into consideration.

Topics:  Distribution in the humanitarian context: truck/airdrop/using water-based, collections and cash  Planning for distribution: coordination and cooperation with communities (humanitarian versus military and commercial)  Distribution modes – fleet management; packaging  Safety and security  Quality and accountability  Transport tendering, contracting and management in humanitarian practice

Literature:

Compulsory articles:  Martinez, A.J.P, Stapleton, O. and van Wassenhove, L. (2011) Field vehicle fleet management in humanitarian operations: A casebased approach, Journal of Operations Management, Vol.29, 404-421  Jahre, M: (2010) Field Logistics and Logistics in the Field – Undertaking a mission or performing research in humanitarian logistics, Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, Vol. 11, No.3, 554-62.(7)

Film: Insidedisaster.com: Part 2: Relief (50 mins)

Recommended readings: Simchi-Levi et al. (2004) Chapter 8; Christopher (2010) Chapter 2

Page | 16 Module 7: COORDINATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN PRACTICE

Learning Objectives: Students should understand the needs for and possible solutions to coordination challenges and how this links with accountability, neutrality, and impartiality.

Topics:  Coordination and cooperation in preparedness and response  Challenges of coordination and the mechanisms suggested to solve them  Q&A on coordination in the humanitarian world  Division of tasks and roles, accountability and coordination

Literature:

Compulsory articles:  Jahre, M. and Jensen, L-M. (2010) Coordination in Humanitarian Logistics Through Clusters, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 40(8/9), 657-674

Recommended readings: Tomasini and van Wassenhove (2009) Chapter 4, 5 & 6; Simchi-Levi et al. (2004) Chapter 10; Christopher (2010) Chapter 11 & 12

Interactive exercise

Module 8a+b: MAIN CASE

Page | 17