Examination Questions Pathophysiology for III Year Students

Examination Questions “Pathophysiology” for IIIrd year students Stomatology faculty 2017 – 2018

I Tabulation 1. Object, aims and methods used in pathophysiology. Pathophysiological experiment 2. General nosology. Health. Notion. Disease. Notion. Periods of the disease evolution. Complete and incomplete recovery. 3. Basic notions of nosology: pathological reaction, pathological process, pathological state. Examples. 4. General etiology. Cause. Notion. Classification. Role of cause and conditions in the disease apparitions. 5. General etiology of the oral cavity affections. 6. Pathogenesis. Notion. The basic questions (key points) of pathogenesis. Interrelationship between local and general modifications in oral cavity affections. 7. Cause - effect relationship in pathogenesis. Opened pathogenethic chain. “Vicious circle”. Notion. The basic pathogenethic link. 8. The general sanogenesis. Mechanisms of localization and generalization of pathological processes in the oral cavity. 9. Reactivity of the organisms. Classification. Types of reactivity. Organism resistance. Notion. Role of reactivity in the disease apparitions and evolution. 10. The management of reactivity such as a method of treatment and prophylaxis of diseases of the oral cavity. 11. Typical cellular pathological processes. Damage of the cell nucleus, membrane, mitochondria, lysosomes. 12. Lesion. Notion. Classification. Role in pathogenesis. Interrelationship between structural changes and functional disorders. 13. Dystrophy. Notion. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. Parodontium dystrophy 14. Apoptosis. Notion. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. The biologic importance. 15. Necrosis. Notion. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. Necrosis in the oral cavity organs. 16. Tissue typical pathological processes. Hypo- and hyper- regeneration. Regeneration process in the oral cavity tissues. 17. Atrophy. Notion. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. Disorders of atrophy in the oral cavity organs. 18. Hypertrophy. Notion. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. Disorders of hypertrophy in the oral cavity organs. 19. Sclerosis. Notion. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. Sclerosis in the oral cavity organs. 20. Disturbances of peripheral circulations. Arterial and venous hyperaemia. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. Consequences. 21. Disturbances of peripheral circulations in the oral cavity: stasis, ischemia. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. Consequences 22. Embolism. Notion. Classification. Pathogenesis. Consequences. 23. Thrombosis in oral cavity organs. 24. Bleeding syndrome. The manifestations in oral cavity. 25. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. General characteristic. 26. Delayed hypersensitivity. General characteristic. 27. Anaphylactic shock in the dentist health practice. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. 28. Autoimmune processes. Notion. Sjogren syndrome. 29. Inflammation. Notion. Aetiology. Phases. External signs. The biologic importance of inflammation. 30. The role of primary and secondary alteration in pathogenesis of inflammation. 31. The cellular and plasma-derived mediators of inflammation. 32. The microcirculatory disturbances in site of inflammation. The manifestations in oral cavity. 33. Exudation in site of inflammation. Pathogenesis. The types of exudation. 34. The leukocyte migration in site of inflammation and phagocytosis. Pathogenesis. The peculiarities process of inflammation in oral cavity. 35. The proliferation and regeneration in site of inflammation. The biological importance. 36. Fever. Notion. Aetiology. The classification of pyrogens. Biologic essence of fever. 37. Hypoxia. The compensatory reactions . 38. Hypoxia. Notion. Classification of disorders in whole organism. Consequences.

II Tabulation 39. Calcium and phosphoric lack. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. The importance of these in pathological process in oral cavity. 40. Fluor dyshomeostasis. The importance of this in pathological process in the oral cavity. Fluorosis. 41. The manifestations of glucocorticoids hypo- and hypersecretion in the oral cavity. Pathogenesis. 42. The manifestations of hyper- and hypoparathyreoidism in oral cavity. Pathogenesis. 43. The manifestations of diabetes mellitus in oral cavity. Pathogenesis. 44. The nervous sensibility disturbances: hypo- and hyperesthesia, anaesthesia and paresthesia. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. 45. Nociceptive and antinociceptiv systems. Peculiarities of nociception in oral cavity. 46. Pain. Notion. Classification. The biological importance. 47. The trigeminal and temporo-mandibular pain. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. 48. The acute and chronic haemorrhage. Pathogenesis. The peripheral blood analysis. The manifestations in oral cavity. 49. B12-vitamin and folic deficiency anaemia. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. The peripheral blood smear. The manifestations in oral cavity. 50. Iron-deficiency anaemia. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. The peripheral blood analysis. The manifestations in oral cavity. 51. Leucocytosis. Aetiology. The biological importance. 52. Leucopenia. Notion. Agranulocytosis. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. Changes in oral cavity. 53. The cardiogenic circulatory insufficiency. Hemodynamic changes and compensatory mechanisms. 54. Heart failure due to coronary circulation disturbances. Hemodynamic changes and compensatory mechanisms. 55. Vascular circulatory insufficiency. Hemodynamic changes and compensatory mechanism in this processes. Collapse. Shock. Syncope.

III Tabulation 56. The disturbances of respiratory center. Excitation, inhibition and paralysis of respirator center. Etiology, manifestations, consequences. 57. Obstructive airway disorders. The causes. Asphyxia. The consequences. 58. Chewing disturbances. Paralysis and trismus of mastication muscle. The disturbances of digestion 59. Deregulations of swallowing. Dysphagy. Aetiology. Manifestations . 60. Hyper salivation. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. Peculiarities of digestion in the oral cavity. 61. Hypo salivation. Xerostomia. Etiology. Pathogenesis. The peculiarities of digestion in the oral cavity. 62. The pathological processes in parodontium: parodontosis. Pathogenesis. 63. Disturbances of the gastric secretary function. Correlation between the oral cavity and gastric secreton. 64. Disturbances of the intestinal digestion. Aetiology. Pathogenesis. Correlation between the oral cavity and disorders of gastrointestinal system. 65. Liver failure. Metabolic imbalance in liver failure. 66. Jaundice. Notion. Types. Etiology. Pathogenesis. The stomatological manifestations of liver affections in oral cavity. 67. The disturbances of renal filtration and reabsorption. Causes. Pathogenesis. Manifestations. 68. Renal edema (nephrotic and nephritic syndromes). Pathogenesis. 69. Quantitative and qualitative urine disorders of urine. The diagnostic importance.

Head of Department of Pathophysiology, M.D., professor Vasile Lutan

Didactic chief., Ph.D., lecturer Rotaru Victoria