Honors Chemistry Semester 1 Exam Review s1

Advanced Placement Biology Semester 2 Exam Review Name______Date______Per___ Unit 5: Classification

Essential questions:

 What are the current taxonomic categories used in biology?  How are organisms on Earth grouped?  What do phylogenetic trees tell us?  How do viruses replicate?  What processes in bacteria allow for genetic diversity and allow bacteria to evolve?  Describe the unique characteristics of the Kingdom Fungi.

Key vocabulary:

 Taxonomy  Lytic cycle  Hyphae  Phylogenetic tree  Lysogenic cycle  Basidospore  Archaea  Conjugation  Ascospore  Eubacteria  Transformation  Saprotrophy  Binomial nomenclature  Fungi  chitin  Virus  Mycelium    Practice:  1. What is a group of organisms at any particular level in a classification system called?  1. What are the rules for writing the scientific name for an organism using binomial nomenclature?  1. Why are viruses are not included in the biological classification system?  1. Write the levels of taxonomic classification from most inclusive to least inclusive.  1. What is being shown on the following diagram? What does A represent? What does B represent? 

  1. What kingdoms do biologists currently recognize?  1. Describe the structure of a fungus.  Advanced Placement Biology Semester 2 Exam Review Name______Date______Per___ 1. How can bacteria pick up free pieces of DNA from the environment and incorporate them into their own genome? Advanced Placement Biology Semester 2 Exam Review Name______Date______Per___ 2. 3. Unit 6: Plants 4. 5. Essential questions:  What is photoperiodism?  What is phototropism?  How do plants respond to their environment?  How do hormones affect the growth or other responses of plants?  How do flowering plants respond to changes in seasons?  How do plants defend themselves against herbivores? 6. Key vocabulary: 7.  auxin  long-day plants  secondary metabolites  ethylene  short-day plants 1. 2. 3. 4. Practice: 5. 6. 1. Explain the process of signal transduction for a plants’ growth response to light. 7. 2. What did Darwin discover about plants in his experiments in the 1880s? 8. 9. 10. 11. Unit 7: Animals 12. 13. Essential questions: 14.  What organs are responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients?  Which cells are used in the humoral immune response?  Which cells are used in the cell-mediated response?  What immune responses are non-specific? Specific?  What do endocrine glands do? 15. Key vocabulary: 16.  Action potential  Cell-mediated  Batesian mimicry  Sodium ions  Humoral  Mullerian mimicry  Potassium ions  Phagocytosis  Aposematic coloration  B-cells  Taxis 1.  T-cells  Kinesis 2.  Antigen  MHC Complex 3.  Antibody  Cryptic coloration 4. 5. Practice: 6. 1. Label the stages of an action potential, including the movement of ions. 3 Advanced Placement Biology Semester 2 Exam Review Name______Date______Per___ 7. 2. What helps maintain the resting membrane potential? 3. Is a nerve impulse chemical, electrical or both? Using the neuron below illustrate how the ions move across the neuron to signal the next cell. 8.

4. Match the following brain parts with their functions. a. Occipital lobe e. Memory and emotions b. Limbic system f. Reasoning and consequences c. Cerebrum g. Vision d. Frontal lobe h. Consciousness and intelligence 5. Describe the primary and secondary immune responses. Which cells are responsible for initiating the attack and which cells are used in a second attack? 6. Match the following immune cells with their functions a. Memory b cells g. Secrete antibodies b. Memory t cells h. Secrete cytokines c. Helper t cells i. Destroy cells d. Cytotoxic t cells j. Long-term antibody immunity e. Plasma cells k. Respond to a second infection by killing the f. antigen 7. A lichen, which is composed of a photosynthetic alga and a fungus, is an example of what type of symbiosis? 8. Contrast tactile communication with visual communication. A mother tiger nuzzling her offspring is an example of what type of communication? 9. What type of thermoregulation does an animal exhibit where the animal’s body temperature changes according to the external environment? What about an animal whose body temperature is not greatly affected by the environment? 10. Describe the evolution of the heart from the 2-chambered fish heart to the 4-chambered mammal heart. 11. Why are the villi and microvilli so important to digestion and absorption? a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. 4 Advanced Placement Biology Semester 2 Exam Review Name______Date______Per___ l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. Unit 8: Ecology t. u. Essential questions: v.  Describe the levels of organization in the biosphere from smallest to largest.  What affect does El-Nino have on different regions of the world?  What is the difference between R-selected and K-selected species?  What is the difference between abiotic and biotic species?  What is an age structure diagram? w. x. Key vocabulary:   Ecology  Niche  Keystone species  Carrying capacity  Resource partitioning  Commensalism  Population density  Parasite   Habitat  Mutualism   Practice:

1. In the above trophic pyramid, label the levels: producer, herbivore, carnivore, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer. 2. In the above pyramid, what would happen if the number of rabbits were reduced? 3. What is the goal of improving an ecosystem? 4. Describe some conservation efforts in your community.  5. What factors help maintain the carrying capacity in graph b?

5 Advanced Placement Biology Semester 2 Exam Review Name______Date______Per___

6. What factors are in place for the growth seen in graph a and the first part of graph b? 7. If two species of birds are occupying the same habitat, what would help them reduce the competition between these two species? 