BIDDING DOCUMENTS IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
CONSTRUCTION WORKS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF CENTRALIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ALONG NISTRU RIVER
LOT #1 – CIS ‘JORA DE JOS’
Section X SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
______Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF ACRONYMS...... 4 1. INTRODUCTION...... 6 1.1. Background...... 6 1.2. The purpose of Environment and Social Management Plan...... 6 1.3. ESMP...... 7 1.4. How this Site-Specific ESMP is Organized...... 7 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION...... 8 2.1. Location and main features of CIS Jora de Jos...... 8 2.2. Description of the Construction Works...... 9 2.3. Description of work during operational phase...... 11 3. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION...... 12 3.1. National regulatory framework...... 12 3.2. Environmental and social policies of Millennium Challenge Corporation ...... 13 4. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON SITE...... 15 4.1. Climate...... 15 4.2. Seismology and Geology...... 15 4.3. Hydrology...... 16 4.4. Soil Quality and Erosion...... 16 4.5. Surface Water Quality...... 17 4.6. Underground Water Resources...... 17 4.7. Biodiversity...... 18 4.8. Natural Protected Areas...... 19 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT...... 20 5.1. Environmental impact...... 20 5.1.1. Impacts Identified by the ESIA Study...... 20 5.1.2. Impacts Specified by the Current Study...... 20 5.2. Social impact...... 26 6. MITIGATION MEASURES...... 28
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6.1. Construction Phase...... 28 6.1.1. Mitigation of Environmental impacts...... 28 6.1.2. Mitigation of Social Impacts...... 34 6.2. Operation Phase...... 37 6.2.1. Mitigation of Environmental Impact...... 37 6.2.2. Mitigation of Social Impact...... 39 7. MONITORING PLAN...... 41 8. INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES...... 43 8.1. Construction Phase...... 43 8.1.1. Key Agencies...... 43 8.1.2. Role of Involved Agencies...... 43 8.1.3. Reporting and Follow-Up...... 44 8.2. Operational Phase...... 44 8.2.1. Key Agencies...... 44 8.2.2. Role of Involved Agencies...... 44 9. CAPACITY BUILDING...... 46 9.1. Training needs: Construction Phase...... 46 9.2. Training needs: Operational Phase...... 46 9.3. Training Program implementation...... 47 10. CONTRACTOR’S COMPLIANCE WITH ESMP...... 48 10.1 Contractor’s ESMP (CESMP)...... 48 10.1.1. Site specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP)...... 48 10.1.2. Social Management Plan (SMP)...... 48 10.1.3. CESMP Implementation and required resources...... 49 10.1.4. Project Finalization...... 49 11. ESMP PUBLIC CONSULTATION...... 50 Annexes...... 51 Annex A: Mitigation Measures...... 52 Annex B: Monitoring Plan...... 62 Annex C. Mitigation and Monitoring Costs...... 70 Annex D. Guidelines For Handling Non-Friable Asbestos-Containing Waste...... 74
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Annex E. Jora de Jos Irrigation Area Soil Study...... 79 Annex F. Surface Water Quality Study...... 80 Annex G. Fish damage calculations for Jora de Jos irrigation system water intake from the Nistru River...... 81 Annex H. Jora de Jos Command Area Underground Water Level and Quality...... 82 Annex I. Minutes of ESMP Public Consultation Meeting in the CIS Jora de Jos...... 89 Annex J. Incident Report Format...... 92
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
ACM Asbestos-Containing Materials AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency System AM Apele Moldovei CIS Centralized Irrigation System CISRA Central Irrigation System Rehabilitation Activity CC Construction Contractor CESMP CC ESMP DD Detailed Design DDRAP Detailed Design and Resettlement Action Plan EE&EIA Law on Environmental Expertise and Environmental Impact Assessment ESHSM Environmental & Social and Health & Safety Manager ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESS Environmental and Social Specialist FS Feasibility Study GoM Government of Moldova HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HS Health and Safety HSS Health and Safety Specialist HVA High Value Added Agriculture (Project) ToR Terms of Reference IMT Irrigation Management Transfer ISRA Irrigation Sector Reform Activity MCA Millennium Challenge Account MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation ME Ministry of Environment MSU Monitoring and Supervision Unit (within Apele Moldovei) MTA (Irrigation) Management Transfer Agreement
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NCPH National Centre for Public Health OI Opportunistic Infections PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyls PE Polyethylene PPE Personal Protective Equipment RAP Resettlement Action Plan SEI State Ecological Inspectorate SMP Social Management Plan STD Sexually Transmitted Diseases Tbi to be identified THVA Transfer to High Value Agriculture ToR Terms of References VAT Value Added Tax WUA Water User Association
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background The Millennium Challenge Account (MCA-Moldova), a public institution established under the laws of the Republic of Moldova as the Accountable Entity for the MCA-Moldova Compact, implements the Transition to High-Value Agriculture (THVA) Project, funded by the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) of the United States under the Compact Agreement. As result of the THVA Project and the Irrigation Activities, up to 11 Centralized Irrigation Systems (CIS) will be rehabilitated and their management (operations and maintenance) will be legally transferred to Water User Associations (WUAs) operating in those 11 systems. One of the components of the Project – the DDRAP (Detailed Design and Resettlement Action Plan) elaboration – is implemented by A.E.S.A. Consulting to provide MCA-Moldova technical design support for implementation of the Centralized Irrigation System Rehabilitation Activity including all environmental studies and plans which are integrated into the DD Package to be submitted to the relevant Central Authorities for approval.
1.2. The purpose of Environment and Social Management Plan The purpose of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is to ensure a holistic management of environmental and social impacts which can arise during the planning, design, construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the project. To achieve this, ESMP identifies feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels. Specifically, the ESMP: (a) identifies and summarizes all anticipated significant adverse environmental impacts; (b) describes each mitigation measure, including the type of impact to which it relates and the conditions under which it is required (e.g., continuously or in the event of contingencies), together with designs, equipment descriptions, and operating procedures, as appropriate; and (c) provides linkage with Resettlement Action Plan and other mitigation plans required for the project. Monitoring section of the ESMP provides: (a) a specific description, and technical details, of monitoring measures, including the parameters to be measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, and (b) monitoring and reporting procedures to (i) ensure early detection of conditions that necessitate particular mitigation measures, and (ii) furnish information on the progress and results of mitigation. The ESMP also provides a description of institutional arrangements: who is responsible for carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures (e.g., for operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, reporting, and staff training). For all three aspects (mitigation, monitoring, and capacity development), the ESMP provides (a) an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the project, showing
______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 7 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and (b) cost estimates and sources of funds for implementing the ESMP.
1.3. ESMP The site specific ESMP which is to be an integral part of the Bidding Document in the Technical Specifications was developed for rehabilitation of the Jora de Jos Centralized Irrigation System (CIS), as part of the DDRAP activity of the THVA Project of MCA-Moldova. An overall objective of the Site Specific ESMP is to bring the project into compliance with the environmental and social requirements set by the legislation of the Republic of Moldova (law On ecological expertise and environmental impact assessment and its annexes) and environmental and social policies of the Millennium Challenge Corporation. This site-specific ESMP is built upon the mitigations and monitoring requirements provided in the basin-wide ESMPs developed during the feasibility stage of the THVA Project but supplements those with other mitigations to specifically address environmental and social issues and related negative impacts in the CIS Jora de Jos area during construction/rehabilitation and operation. The EMSP links the mitigation measures into a comprehensive implementation scheme, designed to ensure action.
1.4. How this Site-Specific ESMP is Organized As per law on ecological expertise and environmental impact assessment (EE&EIA), as well as per DDRAPC ToR requirements, the DDRAP activity should submit the Environmental Protection Chapter to the Central Environmental Authority in charge with the approval of the CIS Design Package. This ESMP is designed to fit the structure of the above said Environmental Chapter. It provides a Project description, describes baseline environmental condition of the site, lists the main environmental/social impacts identified, which will most likely or positively occur during construction and operational phases, describes mitigation, monitoring measures to be taken and institutional responsibilities during project implementation as well as during the operational phase (after project ends) to eliminate adverse impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels as well as provides other relevant information having direct relevance to project implementation like for instance brief overview of applicable legislation and MCC policies. This document is also guidance for Construction Contractor (CC) to prepare its own Environmental and Social Management Plan to be integrated in the Detailed Plan of Works on Site, to calculate with adequate accuracy the costs of the environmental protection and social impact mitigation measures that CC has to undertake during the construction phase of the project. Another targeted beneficiary of this ESMP is the Jora de Jos Water Users Association (WUA), which is supposed to take active part in the process of monitoring of works conducted by CC as well as to implement during the operational phase the recommended environmental and social protection measures raised in this document. In this respect, it was helpful to have recommendations set out by additional environmental studies (soil study, hydro-biological study, ground water survey and others) which are part of this
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ESMP as well as part of the Environmental Chapter of the DD Package. This ESMP is a subject for annual updating, to be done by the WUA after receiving relevant training.
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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION This chapter was developed by using the baseline environmental and social data collected and provided by the Feasibility Study (FS) Consultant in 2009. Additional information was collected from published sources, and from design engineers. CIS-specific environmental and social issues were clarified during the field visits, which included communications with local farmers and managers as well as during the Public Consultation meeting held in Jora de Jos village.
2.1. Location and main features of CIS Jora de Jos CIS Jora de Jos is located in the central-eastern part of the Republic of Moldova (in the district of Orhei). The total command area of the system is 1165 ha of agricultural land plots located within the administrative area of Viscauti and Jora de Mijloc communes, the latter administers four villages: Jora de Jos, Jora de Mijloc, Jora de Sus and Lopatna. Some agricultural land plots located in these villages are served by CIS Lopatna as well that is positioned very close to CIS Jora de Jos. The location of these two systems is presented below in Figure 1. The northwest and northeast sectors lie between two small rivers Lacuri and Valea Kynty.
Schema de localizare a CIS 11-7 Lopatna și 11-6 Jora de Jos Location scheme of CIS 11-7 Lopatna and 11-6 Jora de Jos The northeast sector lies in the floodplain
Localizare / Location adjacent to the Nistru River, and the northwest sector, at the highest elevation, on
Balti M_rze_ti
11-7 Lopatna the watershed and its slopes. Both dip toward 11-6 Jora de Jos Lopatna 3-2 Blindesti
14-2 Criuleni 12-3 Cosnita Chisinau 14-11 Puhaceni 3-6 Grozesti the Nistru River, at relatively steep angles of M_rzaci 14-13 Roscani Bender Jora Mihailovca de Sus 5-4 Leova Sud 5-7° and locally, up 10° or more. Variation in
6-6 Chircani-Zirnesti 6-9 Masivul Cahul Cahul Jora de elevation of the northeast sector is Mijloc Bul_ie_ti approximately 40 m.
Jora de Jos The southern sector is located on watershed of the Valea Kynty River, a small tributary of the Nistru River, and has a variation in elevation from south-west to north-east of approximately 70 m (from 190 to 120 m asl).
Vîșcăuți The system was completed in 1977 and was
Harmațca Legend/Legendă rehabilitated last time in 1988. Although the CIS Jora de Jos CIS Lopatna piping network is in good condition, there are Localități / Cities_towns_villages SusleniHotarele administrative r. Nistru hydrants and valves that are not functioning Țibuleuca or are damaged beyond repair. The intended designed irrigation method was sprinkler irrigation using laterals type Sigma, DD-30 and Dnepr. Since the original “DNEPR” watering equipment is already worn out or damaged, the farmers bought and are now using new, modern, irrigation equipment (high and low pressure) type hose and reel (Bauer type and similar). An area of about 45 ha of orchard has been arranged for drip irrigation. An area of approximately 119 ha was irrigated during the 2008 season. The system water source is Nistru River.
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The system includes four pump stations: SPP-1, SPP-2, SP-1 and SP-2. The total length of the pipeline constitutes about 48.65 km, with 8.244 km of primary pipes, some 13.573 km of secondary pipes and about 26.833 km of tertiary pipes. There are 637 hydrants, 39 manholes, 101 air release valves and about 78 washouts. Pipes diameter ranges from 150 mm to 800 mm and pipe material is steel, reinforced concrete, concrete-encased steel, and asbestos-cement. The calculated maximal possible water abstraction from the Nistru River by CIS Jora de Jos, - assuming the 0,8 lps/ha extraction, during 24 hour a day over a period of 6 months - is about 14,5 million m3 of water (i.e. 0,30 % of the average water flow of the Nistru River).
2.2. Description of the Construction Works The system is quite damaged1 as it was built in 1977 and rehabilitation work has been last undertaken in 1988. During the past two decades there has been a serious lack of maintenance, so the infrastructure is quite degraded (broken pipes, damaged hydrants and valves, obsolete electrical equipment, silted reservoirs, leaking roofs at pumping stations, etc.). The pimping stations are operational but in need of rehabilitation. In general, the proposed rehabilitation interventions include: replacement of intake pipes, including building of new fish protection structures on the river and excavation of 4,500 m3 of silt around the suction pipes; renovation of pump station buildings, silt removal from compensation basins of SP-1 and SP-2 stations; all pumps replacement, around 4,5 thousand m3 of silt removal from the bottom of the Dubasari water reservoir around the suction pipes, and, building of a new pipes network.
1 Feasibility Study – Annex 8 – Jora de Jos - Final Report, 2009
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SP-2 SP-1
SPP-2 SPP-1
Fig.2 Location and borders of CIS Jora de Jos command area. SPP-1, SPP-2, SP-1 and SP-2 pumping stations
The following construction scenario will be implemented at CIS Jora de Jos: No pipes repairs will be undertaken: new pipes and hydrants will be laid few meters beside, and in parallel with the old network. For pipe laying and hydrant installation work, a typical crew would entail a foreman, a machine operator, and laborers working together. Major mechanical equipment will include large trucks, pick-up trucks, backhoes, excavators, bulldozers, cranes, and pipe-laying equipment. The principal equipment installation areas will be within the pump station grounds; however, pipe sections may also be laid down along easements in advance of secondary- tertiary network interventions. Senior personnel will likely be housed in nearby cities or towns, while other personnel will be housed in local villages However, the CC is free to make a decision on staff accommodation.
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NSP-2 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
Pipe installation will normally require a 20-m width easement along the pipeline routes, allowing for space for equipment, pipe section installation, and excavation of an approximately 2-m deep trench. The removal of old hydrants (where required) will involve the simultaneous replacement of a 7-m length of pipe, and therefore an estimated 20-m wide easement along the pipe section. The removal of old hydrants and valve and manhole replacement (where required) will disturb an estimated area of 25 m2 (5 m x 5 m).
2.3. Description of work during operational phase The CIS will be operated by WUA established as a juridical entity “Jorile” in February 2012. At the time of developing of this ESMP, no operational plan was developed by WUA. However, the operational planning activities – are foreseen to be conducted within CISRA component of the THVA Project during the year 2014.
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3. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION
3.1. National regulatory framework This chapter provides the list of laws and regulations which have a relevance to implementation of the ESMP, and for some of them provides a brief description. The purpose of this chapter is to guide the stakeholders through legal framework which applies to both construction and operation phase of the project2. Environmental protection and management Law On environmental protection No. 1515–XII of 16 June 1993 Law On ecological expertise and environment impact assessment No. 851- XIII of 29 May 1996, and Ordinance On organizing and conducting of the state ecological expertise approved by Decision of the Ministry of Environment No. 188 of 10 September 2002 Subsoil Code No. 3 of 2 February 2009 Law On state supervision over public health No. 10 of 3 February 2009 (Water used for irrigation of agricultural crops must meet existing hygiene standards. - Central and local authorities are required to ensure whether riparian buffers around all water sources were establish to prevent and remove pollution. Law On animal kingdom No. 439-XIII of 27 April 1995 (protection of fauna) Law On fish conservation, fishing and fish-farming No. 149-XVI, 2006 (set out the conditions to equip water intakes with fish protection structures. - During the design, siting, construction, commissioning and operation of projects in fishery water bodies and related areas, financial provision must be made in the design documentation and in the bill of expenditures for reparation of damages caused to aquatic biological resources and to implement measures for their protection so as to ensure reproduction, growth and migration conditions for fish and other aquatic organisms. Law On fees for environmental pollution No.1540 of 25 February 1998 Labor Code No. 154-XV of 20 March, 2003 Law On protection of Archeological Heritage No. 218 of 17 September 2010 Water resources protection and management Water Code No. 1532-XII of 22 June 1993
2 The more detailed summary of relevant laws are described in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of Central Irrigation System Projects in the Nistru River Basin in Moldova Proposed for MCC Funding – Final Report June 2010.
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Water Law No. 272 of 23 December 2011 (enters into force within 18 months after the date of approval) Law On irrigation associations No. 171 of 9 July 2010 Law On water protection zones and strips along rivers and lakes, No. 440-XIII of April 27 1995 Land management Land Code No. 828-XII of 25 December 1991 as amended Law On plant protection and phyto-sanitary control No. 228 of September 23 2012 Air protection Law On air protection No. 1422 of December 17 1997 Applicable secondary legislation and technical norms During the construction and operational phase the following main environmentally related Regulations and norms are to be applied: Regulation for water bodies’ management and rational use of water resources in the Republic of Moldova, approved by Government Decision No. 619 of 16.08. 1994 Regulation on organization of occupational safety activities and prevention of risks at work places, approved by Government Decision No. 95 of 05.02.2009 Government Decision No. 353 of 05.05.2010 On minimal requirements regarding the occupational health and safety at working place. GOST 17.5.3.06-85 Nature protection. Lands. Standard removal requirements for the topsoil layer (fertile layer) during earthworks. ВСН 33-2.1.05-90 Hydro-melioration systems and installations. Hydro-geological and geological research. ENiR, pc E 2 - 1 – 45 Mechanical and Manual Earthworks. The Ordinance of the Minister of Environment No. 206 of 07.10.2003 regarding the Instruction of calculation of damages to fish resources. Hygienic Regulation on protection of water bodies against pollution No 06.6.3.23 of 03.07. 1997 approved by Chief Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Moldova.
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3.2. Environmental and social policies of Millennium Challenge Corporation3 4 The purpose of MCC’s Environmental Guidelines is “to establish a process for the review of environmental and social impacts (such as involuntary resettlement and impacts on cultural property, for example) to ensure that the projects undertaken in a Compact are environmentally sound, are designed to operate in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements, and, as required by the legislation establishing MCC, are not likely to cause a significant environmental, health, or safety hazard”. The guidelines make provision for screening projects and categorizing them. Category A projects, such as this project are those which have the potential to have significant negative environmental and social impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. They also present MCC’s expectations as to environmental monitoring, public consultation during the EIA process, and environmental reporting. If projects involve involuntary physical or economic displacement of persons, MCC applies The World Bank’s O.P. 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement. This policy and its procedures for involuntary resettlement apply in situations where land acquisition is required, or access to protected areas is restricted or populations need to be resettled involuntarily. The policy aims to avoid involuntary resettlement to the maximum extent possible, and to minimize and mitigate its adverse social and economic effects. It promotes participation of displaced persons in the planning and implementation of their resettlement; and has the primary economic goal of helping displaced persons to improve or at least re-establish their revenues and quality of life after their resettlement. The policy recommends compensation and other means of assistance and indemnification in order to achieve its objectives. Moreover, it provides for the borrower to prepare the necessary tools for planning resettlement prior to approval of the proposed project. Since gender inequality can significantly constrain economic growth and poverty reduction, MCC drew up its gender policy so as to ensure that gender is integrated into Compact development and implementation. As such, it is necessary to analyze gender issues in ESIAs using internationally recognized gender analysis frameworks such as the Harvard Analytical Framework or the Moser Gender Planning Framework, and ensure that any social monitoring described in monitoring and evaluation plans include provisions to track impacts on gender specific impacts for both men and women of various age and socioeconomic background.
3 www.mcc.gov/mcc/bm.doc/20-enviroandsocialassessment.pdf 4 MCA Moldova Social & Gender Integration Plan (http://mca.gov.md/upload/documents/0607121339057901SGIP %202012.pdf)
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4. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON SITE
4.1. Climate According to agro-climatic zoning of Moldova5 as per warmth and humidity conditions, Jora de Jos area belongs to the second agro-climatic zone characterized by moderately continental climate, short and relatively soft winters, and warm and long summers. Specific traits of the climate within the second zone are abundance of light and warmth, extended vegetation period, intensive showers and periods of increased danger of erosion. The sum of positive temperatures during the active vegetation period is 3000-4000 0C. In certain years it can get up to 3350-36000C. The duration of active vegetation period lasts 180-190 days. The frostless period lasts 175-190 days (from 8-25 April through to 4-19 October). The average air temperature during the warmest month (July) is 21.0-22.00C, while during the coldest month (January) – 3.5-4.50C. The average multi-annual temperature is 9.50C. Precipitations amount to 380-500 mm per year. During the vegetation period, 235-275 mm of precipitations fall. Precipitation amounts to 380-500 mm per year. During the vegetation period, 235-275 mm of precipitation falls. The hydrothermal coefficient varies between 1.1-0.8. Twenty percent of the years have enough humidity during the vegetation period. About 70% of the years have had partially dry conditions. About 10-20% of the years have been dry. The above hydrothermal conditions imply irrigation regimes aimed at correcting the humidity regime (about 70% of the years) and preserving it (10-20%). The stable snow cover is formed only during the coldest winters and on open areas, reaching a depth of 15-20 cm. The number of days with a stable snow cover is 45-55. The wind regime stands out through the predomination of North-West and North winds throughout the year. In winter, the frequency of South-East and South winds increases.
4.2. Seismology and Geology6 According to map of seismic zoning of the Republic of Moldova, the area of CIS Jora de Jos is located in seismic zone with 0.16g acceleration and 7- degree seismic stability. Pre-quaternary geology comprises the following Miocene series Sarmatian stage deposits: Volhynian substage limestone, sand and clay; Lower Bessarabian substage clays, sands and limestones; and Undifferentiated Khersonian substage - Meotic stage sands, silts and clays. Quaternary deposits of the most of the northern sector consist of alluvial deposits of floodplain terraces II-III. Along the northeastern boundary of this sector adjacent to the Nistru River slopes
5 Агроклиматический справочник по Молдавской ССР (1969) 6 Атлас Молдавской ССР, Москва, 1978
______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 17 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova there are eluvial, eluvial-deluvial and locally, colluvial deposits. The southern sector is characterized by alluvial deposits of floodplain terraces V and VII, and by eluvial-deluvial and colluvial deposits on slopes adjacent to rivers. No hazardous geomorphologic processes have been recorded in the irrigated area of the CIS. However there is ravine erosion in the mid-slope of small river valleys to the south of the CIS, where the slopes are slightly to moderately eroded.
4.3. Hydrology According to data summarized in the ESIA Study7, in 1961-2007, average water flow of the Nistru River was 9,915 million m3/year with a maximum of 19,250 million m3/year and a minimum of 4,863 million m3/year. Historically, there were sufficient water resources in the Nistru to implement large irrigation programs. The Jora de Jos CIS is located in the middle river segment upstream the Dubasari Hydropower Dam. In the area where pumping stations SPP-1 and SPP-2 are located, there is a flood protection dike separating the river from the surrounding area. The bank is high, concave, and loamy, while the riverbed at the intake pipe is sandy-silted.
4.4. Soil Quality and Erosion The Jora de Sus and Jora de Mijloc areas are characterized by presence of heavy carbonate loamy chernozems. Humus content is 3-6% in upper part of the soil profile, and it decreases with depth. In all carbonated chernozems, upper and middle parts of the profile contain a significant proportion of clay. Carbonates are found throughout the profile in the form of casts and nodules. The soil productivity index is 71. The Viscauti area is covered by dark grey heavy loamy chernozems that are rich in humus (10%) in the upper layer. Carbonates have been leached to a depth of 105 cm. Soil moisture and thermal regimes are favorable for agriculture. The soils are dominated by humic acid. Plowing of the soil leads to a noticeable loss of humus, particularly in the arable layer. Carbonate may be brought nearer to the surface and soil moisture characteristics become less favorable. Although there are no strongly eroded soils in the CIS area, erosion is widespread in this part of Moldova. Intensive and poorly managed irrigation can exacerbate erosion, leading to denudation. In terms of soil quality and possible impact of the irrigation on it, the soil survey study (Appendix E) conducted in 2011-2012 led to the following conclusions: 1. There are three dominating type of soils within Jora command area: levigate chernozem, ordinary low humus chernozem, carbonate chernozems. 2. Soils in the area of concern have several common traits due to the basic processes of regional pedogenesis (humus formation and accumulation, structure, and carbonate migration). These are
7 ESIA Final Report, MWH, 2010
______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 18 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova young soils, yet have well-formed functional profiles (organic, carbonate, structural-aggregate). Soils appear as well-organized entities having such relations with the water that irrigation would not result in modifications of their structural-functional organization. 3. The structure of soil cover in the area does not include salinized soils (solonets, or solonchak soils), vertisols, or vertic soils that would create problems during the irrigation, such as water stagnation, salt diffusion, etc. 4. The soils and parental deposits do not have traits that would point to potential processes of salinization-solonetsization-bogging as a result of irrigation. 5. Twenty years long irrigation did not affect negatively soil quality within the Jora irrigation massif. 6. Hydro-physical parameters of the soil allow practicing the hydraulic module of 0,8 l / sec / ha / one irrigation cycle of 10 hours.
4.5. Surface Water Quality According to the State Hydrometeorological Service monthly reports, Nistru River is moderately polluted mainly by nutrients, copper compounds, phenols, oil products. In 2011, the maximum registered concentrations exceeded the MACs (Maximum Allowable Concentration) as follows: 6 times for copper, 2,4 times for nitrites (down-stream of Jora de Jos, Olanesti monitoring station), 2 times for oil products (up-stream of Jora de Jos, Soroca monitoring station), 3 times for phenols (up-stream of Jora de Jos CIS, Soroca monitoring station) 8. Two small rivers - Lacur and Valea Kynty - flowing nearby Jora irrigation massif are not monitored but most likely they are of – as majority of small rivers in Moldova- 4th class of water quality according to national classification, i.e. “polluted water”. The data on water quality provided by the ESIA study have shown that it fits the criteria for irrigation water and there is no risk of soil salinization under the condition that the recommended norm for irrigation as provided by the Soil Study (~300 m 3/ha/) is applied. Recently carried out (October-November 2011) detailed study on suitability of the Nistru water for irrigation purpose is attached to this ESMP as Annex F.
4.6. Underground Water Resources Groundwater levels depend on relief, altitude and weather conditions: precipitation, evaporation and temperature. Maximum depth of underground water table is greater than 10 meters in watershed areas at the highest elevations. Sometimes, in areas where the clay layer is near the surface, aquifers occur sporadically, with groundwater levels varying from 3 to 5 m in river valleys, and rivers are groundwater discharge areas. Groundwater levels increase during snowmelt or heavy rains and decreases during dry periods. Groundwater mineralization varies within a broad range from 0.5 to 5.3 grams per liter. Groundwater mineralization between 0.5 to 1.0 grams per liter is common at the highest altitudes
8 http://meteo.md/mold/anulprecedent.htm
______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 19 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova of watershed. The chemical composition of groundwater is magnesium-carbonate and magnesium-calcium-sodium. Groundwater mixing water with higher salinity occurs in areas of the lower valleys. Dissolution of slightly soluble salts (sulfates) increases the mineralization to 2.0 grams per liter and sometimes up to 3.0 grams per liter. Underground water sources, its quality and depth of occurrence were the subjects of additional desk study the results of which are presented in Annex H.
4.7. Biodiversity9 The CIS area dominantly comprises small plots cultivated for maize and sunflower, and to lesser extent - for winter wheat. Other crops include grape, apple and plum , and locally, alfalfa. There are few weeds on cultivated plots. However much of the area is not cultivated and consists of fallows with weed-ruderal vegetation of different ages. Steppe plant species are also found but in general, the steppe species are not abundant but increase in the middle-age fallows. There are no forest buffer strips in the CIS. A single row of trees is planted alongside unsealed roads linking the CIS and villages. The CIS is generally surrounded by non-irrigated croplands. However, there are areas of natural vegetation growing on steep river banks along its southern and north-eastern margins. The north- eastern margin of the northern sector of the CIS is bordered by nearby villages and the Nistru River bank which is steep in some places. Riparian forest bands on the steep bank of the Nistru consist of anti-erosion pine plantings. Some steep slopes are subject to illegal grazing. Forest sites on steep erosive slopes on the left banks of the Valya and Lakur are bordered by pastures which have been highly degraded by overgrazing. The fauna of the surrounding areas is highly impoverished. These areas are mostly inhabited by birds of open spaces (dominantly larks) and artificial forests (mainly small passerine birds). Bird diversity and populations are low, and there are no rare species. With the exception of certain passerine species and a small number of other species, migratory species do not stopover in the area. Mammalian fauna in the forests and fields includes Vulpes vulpes, Lepus europaeus, Talpa europaea, Spalax microphthalmus and various rodents. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are characterized by high species biodiversity and significant quantities of biomass. Average seasonal biomass of phytoplankton is 1.88 g/m3. Average seasonal biomass of zooplankton is 0.35 g/m3. Average seasonal biomass of zoobenthos is 8.91 g/m2. The proportion of washed-off zoobenthos in this section of the river and species composition of benthic organisms is less than 15% with a seasonal biomass of 1.34 g/m3. The fish fauna within the segment Lopatna – Vascauti, which includes the Jora de Jos river segment (Dubasari water reservoir) is represented by 32 species of fish; among them the most valuable are Huso huso, Acipenser ruthenus, Acipenser stellatus, Barbus barbus, Tinca tinca,
9 Lumea animală şi lumea vegetală a Moldovei. Chişinău, 2007
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Sander lucioperca, etc. (the whole list of the fishes could be found in Hydro-biological Study attached to the ESMP as Annex G).
4.8. Natural Protected Areas10 There are no protected areas within and in surroundings of the Jora de Jos command area.
10Biological Diversity Conservation. National Strategy and Action Plan, 2002.
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5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT
5.1. Environmental impact 5.1.1. Impacts Identified by the ESIA Study Reconstruction of CIS Jora de Jos will bring positive changes by delivery of irrigation water that the farmers are in need of. The access to water for irrigation is expected to improve the general working conditions of farmers and switch the traditional way of agriculture to a modern, more efficient, and environmentally friendly one, including better soil conservation. As a consequence of these an increase in the harvest of high-value crops – which are much easier to sell - should increase rural incomes and food security. The impact of the above factors should be a reduction in poverty and a decrease in poverty-caused out-migration in the area. The likely adverse environmental impacts could occur during the construction phase and less during the operation phases of the CIS Jora de Jos. These may include: pollution of water resources (surface and groundwater) and soil due to spillage of oil/fuel/lubricants and waste disposal on temporary construction site (machinery sites, storage facilities, sanitary facilities, camps, etc.); pollution of surface water and destruction of water-dependant habitats due to replacement of intake pipes and building of new fish protection structures temporary air pollution (primarily due to dust) related to increased truck traffic during the construction; ;degradation of landscape and soil erosion because of improper disposal of excavated materials and construction waste; noise and vibration disturbances during trench excavation; and, damage to fish populations, especially to larval fish and fries during water withdrawal. The positive environmental and social impacts of using a rehabilitated CIS will be the next: Better soil management due to use of modern soil protection agriculture practices; Efficient energy use due to installation of more energy efficient pumps; Increased general management skills and soil use and water management skills in particular; Positive changes toward more environmental friendly behavior are likely to occur among the farmers and their families, Overall positive impacts from the rehabilitation effort are long term and cumulative in their nature, ultimately contributing to increased social benefits for the affected communities.
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5.1.2. Impacts Specified by the Current Study The analysis of design documentation and the field assessment conducted within the period from November 2011 to June 2012 have confirmed the main conclusion drawn by the year 2010 ESIA study: if the existing norms in construction and norms for irrigation and agricultural techniques recommended by the soil study are respected, the project intervention at the CIS Jora de Jos generate insignificant, short-term, local in nature, and easy to mitigate and compensate adverse environmental and social impacts. The Jora de Jos Site-Specific ESMP identified the following temporary main potential adverse impacts foreseen during the construction and operational phases of the project (Tables 1 and 2):
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Table 1. Jora de Jos Site-Specific adverse impact: construction phase Components of Nature and features of Needs for environmental the irrigation Project intervention Type of works Classification of impact potential impact protection measures System Silt removing along the Downstream removal of submersed length of the silt by silt suction
s suction pipes (silt volume pumping unit.
e 3 k -3,900 m ) a t n I
YES r
e Replacement of fish Dismantling of the old fish Sediment detachment and Local t a protection structure (2 and 3 protection structure. death of benthos and Mid-term W respective suction pipes for Assembling of new fish plankton organisms Self reversible each of the pumping station protection structure. SPP-1 and SPP-2) Replacement of pumps at all Dismantling Oil spills inside the All works conducted inside NO pumping stations Assembling pumping station building the building
s Temporary lay down n Local o
i (storage) of the outdated Spillage on the soil during t
a Carrying weights Long term YES t pumps within the pumping the loading on the track S
Hardly reversible
g station yard n i
p Renovation works, Noise m
u Removing asbestos (roof), Dust Local
P Renovation of the building Removing the old paint Rubble including asbestos Short term YES of all 4 pumping stations from walls and metal and lead containing Easy to mitigate works paintings s
e Noise p i
p Soil compaction
n i Heavy mechanical Mixing deeper soil level a
M equipment movement on with the top (productive) Local Digging trenches; pipe, site: tracks, crane, soil Short-term YES valves, etc. assembling bulldozers, etc Interrupted land use Easy to mitigate Excavation Lost of harvest Limitation of common agro-activities Pressure test Pressure testing in Leakages Local YES conformity with approved Rupture of pipeline Short term procedures Soil washed away Heavy reversible Easy to mitigate
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Components of Nature and features of Needs for environmental the irrigation Project intervention Type of works Classification of impact potential impact protection measures System Heavy mechanical equipment movement on Local Noise Backfilling of trenches site: tracks, crane, Short-term YES Soil compaction bulldozers, etc Easy to mitigate Excavation Local Excavation, pipe fitting, Cutting-off up to 1 m Soil erosion, asbestos Long term asbestos pipe cutting, YES fragments of asbestos pipes health impact Hardly reversible backfilling Easy to mitigate Excavation Heavy mechanical Noise Local Pipeline in vicinity of equipment movement on Soil compaction Short-term YES residential aria site: tracks, crane, Disturbance of residents Easy to mitigate bulldozers, etc Excavation s
k Digging trenches, pipe, Noise Local r o valves, hydrants, etc. Soil compaction Short-term w t
e assembling Heavy mechanical Mixing deeper soil level Easy to mitigate n
y equipment movement on with the top (productive) r a i
t site: tracks, crane, one YES r e
t bulldozers, etc Interrupted land use
d
n Excavation Lost of harvest a Limitation of common y r
a agro-activities d n
o Local
c Pressure testing in Leakage of water e Short term S Pressure test conformity with approved Rupture of pipeline YES Hardly reversible procedures Soil washed away Easy to mitigate Backfilling of trenches Heavy mechanical Noise Local YES equipment movement on Soil compaction Short-term site: tracks, crane, Easy to mitigate bulldozers, etc Excavation
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Components of Nature and features of Needs for environmental the irrigation Project intervention Type of works Classification of impact potential impact protection measures System Intersection with Local Excavation, pipe fitting, underground infrastructures: Soil erosion, asbestos Long term asbestos pipe cutting, YES electrical cables, health impact Hardly reversible backfilling communication lines. Easy to mitigate
Expected potential adverse impacts during the Operational Phase are indicated in Table 2.
Table 2. Jora de Jos Site-Specific main adverse impact: operational phase The nature and type of potential Necessity for environmental The nature of work Characterization of impact impact protection measure DIRECT IMPACT Water withdrawal Local / Long-term /Heavily Functioning of the Pumps Suction into the pipes of the YES reversible spawn and fry Lost of soil structure Intensive and aggressive irrigation Local / Long-term / Irreversible YES Water erosion Over moister the soil (over irrigated spots of Water stagnation, soil erosion Local / Short term / Reversible YES land) Heavy machinery use on arable land Compaction of arable layer Local / Short term / Reversible YES Water loses Water leakages, pipeline breaks Soil washed away Local / Short term / Irreversible YES Lost harvest Local / Short term / Heavy Improper maintenance of equipment Soil pollution/ Energy lost YES reversible Soil compaction Pipes repair Local / Short term /Reversible YES Soil pollution The nature and type of potential Necessity for environmental The nature of work Characterization of impact impact protection measure INDIRECT IMPACTS Intensive use of pesticides (modern generation of Soil pollution pesticides: selective, non-persistent) and over use Local / Mid-term / Reversible YES Water pollution of fertilizers Potential use of prohibited (obsolete) pesticides Soil pollution Regional (Global) / Long-term / YES (POPs) Crops pollution Irreversible
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The nature and type of potential Necessity for environmental The nature of work Characterization of impact impact protection measure Water pollution
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The likely negative environmental impacts at the construction phase are predictable, expected to be localized and short-term. The negative impacts at the operational phase are predictable, local, but some of them are long-term by nature. The last statement is particularly relevant to impacts on soil and river ecosystems. As was shown in the Jora de Jos Soil Study (refer to Annex E, Chapter 8.2) the three main risks common for all soil types of the irrigation massif are 1) over moistening of soil structural aggregates, formation of fine particulates and their downfall within the profile migration; 2) formation of the irrigation crust; 3) warping pores. As regards the impact on river ecosystems (withdrawal of water containing biological materials) it simply could not be avoided, and it will be a pressure on the river during the lifetime of the irrigation system. However, this impact could be compensated as described in the Hydro- biological Study annexed to this ESMP (refer to Annex G) and minimized by installation of fish protection devises (gravel filters or bell type fish and fries stopper) as well as by reducing the amount of used water through optimized irrigation schedule. As a result of timely and proper implementation of this Environmental and Social Management Plan with appropriate mitigation measures, which are described in the next chapter and summarized in the Mitigation Measures table provided in Annex A, all these potential negative impacts can be prevented and/or minimized.
5.2. Social impact Short-term adverse social impacts may occur during construction phase of the project as a result of dislocation and demolishment of private holdings appearing within the easements (temporary and permanent structures, trees, etc.), some disturbance of public transport could occur for short- time which will also change for short-term the habits of Jora de Jos, Jora de Mijloc, Jora de Sus, Lopatna and Vascauti villages inhabitants. At the same time during the construction phase, there is a number of social aspects which have been raised during the Public Consultation meeting (refer to Annex I) and which should be considered by CC as well as by WUA (to be noted that the latter is expected to play the leading role in monitoring the social impacts and taking corrective measures). These possible social impacts associated with construction phase are: The disturbance of existing for many years community habits and rules by newly arrived persons (team of workers which will stay in town or could spend their leisure / after working shifts time in above mentioned localities). The use of child labor; The health hazards on local people. With regard to operational phase the transition to irrigated agriculture provides many opportunities for all the members of WUA, who are direct beneficiaries of renovated CIS. At the same time, there should be considered some possible evolutions that new CIS could trigger:
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Equity in access to water, especially during the “peak demand” – relation “big farms vs. small farms”, gender aspect of the access to water, The interest of investors in developing intensive agriculture (intensive agriculture usually means large land areas which will raise the issue of consolidation of small terrains) vs. small farms and individual farmers and their interests and possibilities, In case of consolidation of land the way of distribution of benefits among farmers (either crops or incomes after the crops were sold on market) could become an issue of disputes since the fertility of soil is not evenly spread over the command area (equity in distribution), Coping with possible low prices for crops on markets vs. high harvests, assuming that irrigation will secure increase of yield, could bring a lot of concerns to farmers in terms of storage of yield and preserving it (not enough storage facilities exists and processing facilities). It is expected that newly constructed CIS will generate demand for additional labor force and as a consequences the phenomenon of child labor use is likely to occur. Intensive irrigation will most likely generate the use of pesticide and fertilizers which must be seen as a threat for human health and treated with care. The list of social impact is not exhaustive, some more social impact could occur during construction or operational phase of the project. In this respect, the role of WUA in timely identification and prevention is crucial.
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6. MITIGATION MEASURES The mitigation measures proposed for the CIS Jora de Jos construction phase shall be executed by CC. During the operational phase, the Jora de Jos WUA will monitor that the measures proposed in this ESMP (and subsequent updates thereof) are implemented.
6.1. Construction Phase The requirements outlined in this chapter aim to assist the CC in developing its own Environmental and Social Management Plans (CESMPs). The CC will appoint one Environmental & Social and Health & Safety Manager (ESHSM), whose duties throughout the construction period will be primarily connected to environmental and social management, and health and safety on site. This representative will coordinate with the MCA-Moldova, Engineer, SEI and other concerned central and local institutions the implementation, supervision, reporting, and follow-up action with regard to the ESMP. 6.1.1. Mitigation of Environmental impacts 6.1.1.1 Soil Protection The objective of the ESMP with regard to soil protection is to preserve the soil quality by: minimizing soil erosion by reducing the influence of the water erosion (water runoff) and wind erosion, minimizing the compaction of the soil within the irrigation fields; and, exclusion to the maximum extent possible of the oil and fuel spills on the ground. avoiding to the maximum extent possible creation of new borrow pits for soil, sand and gravel supply. Recommended measure to reach the proposed objectives is: During the trench excavation the existing roads (some of them covered with gravel) should be used to a maximum extent possible by tracks, bulldozers and other heavy machinery. This will reduce the presence of heavy machinery on the fertile soil and accordingly the compaction of it. The CC in its CESMP will make exact drawings supported by written instruction on exact point of entry on site for the heavy machinery with the only purpose to safeguard as much as possible not paved local roads and soil from compaction. During the excavation of 2-m-depth trenches the excavated soil should be segregated. The guideline for this operation will be the norm GOST 17.5.3.06-85 on preserving the fertile top soil during excavations. There will be 50-60 cm of fertile top soil and 130 cm of mother rock to deal with during excavation. Both types of soils will be stored in piles on the edges of the trench. The general rule of piling will be segregation by fertility: the fertile soil layer (excavated up to maximum of 50-60 cm depth (one excavator’s bucket of 650 cm3 capacity) will be piled on the right edge of the trench. The deeper soil (the non-
______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 30 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
arable layer) on the left edge accordingly. The piles of fertile top soil piles will be marked as “top soil” on site plan (sketch). This should be done in order not to mix the type of soil during the back filling operations. The backfilling of the trenches will be done in opposite order the mother rock is filled in back into the trench first and then the fertile soil piles will level the trench. It is foreseen that the filled in soil will be compacted with special equipment, but only to reach the initial state of the soil. The oil and fuel spill control should be secured by daily checks of the state of the heavy machinery. It will be done before and after each work shift. Exclude the use of arable land for earth borrowing. Avoid to the maximum extent possible establishing of new quarries, use the already in operation borrows pits for soil, sand or gravel supply. In case establishing a new borrow pit could not be avoided the requirements mentioned in Technical Specification should apply. 6.1.1.2 Surface water protection The objective of the ESMP with regard to surface water resources is to minimize direct and indirect surface water pollution and disturbance of communities of aquatic organisms by: reducing /controlling to the maximum extent the primary source of pollution (lubricants and fuel spillage from heavy machinery) minimize the disturbance of the bottom sediments during the construction of the fish protection structures as well as during the reinforcement of SPP-1 and SPP-2 protection dikes. The direct impact on the surface water resources is foreseen during the reinforcement of the dike around the pumping stations SPP-1 and SPP - 2, during the construction of fish protection structure as well as during replacement of intake pipes and silt removal. During these interventions, the following disturbances of environment are possible: surface water pollution with lubricants and fuel spills (since the operations will be conducted from a pontoon the possible spillage will directly reach the water) decrease of number of aquatic organisms and loss of their habitats due to silt removal and sediment detachment from the bottom of the river (this operation will kill a number of fries, fish spawn, zoo-plankton and benthos organisms down stream the operational point because of increased amount of suspended particles in the water (suspended particles obstruct the birthing organs of hydro-organisms); Crumbling of river banks (the same effect as above) These disturbances will be mitigated by:
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regular check of the machinery to exclude the spillage of lubricants and fuel / oil into water, reinforcing the river banks before and after removing the suction pipes (using the geo- grid after excavation of dikes to consolidate the slope) To remove the silt from the bottom of the Dubasari reservoir after the spawning period (late October – March) compensating the cost of damage to fish population (included in construction costs - the funds collected to be used for artificial breeding of fish). The calculated costs are provided in Annexes C and G, chapter 5. NB! Sand and gravel extraction from the Nistru River is prohibited! CC should secure that any sand / gravel / should be borrowed from authorized quarries. In case of purchase of sand and gravel procurement documentation mandatory will enclose Certificate of Provenience, proving that the mentioned materials have been extracted from a certified / authorized borrow pit or quarry. 6.1.1.3 Underground water protection The objective of the ESMP with regard to underground water protection is avoiding any pollution of underground waters. In this respect only spillage of fuel and lubricants is seen as a threat for quality of underground water. No other direct impact on underground water is foreseen during the construction phase of the Project. The existing norm “ВСН 33-2.1.05-90 Hydro-melioration systems and installations. Hydro- geological and geological research” requires that monitoring wells are installed with a density of 1 well per 2 km2, as a evenly distributed network over the command area. Six wells will be established by Constructor during the construction phase along the closest to Nistru River command area’s border line and water level and quality sampled are measured before the construction starts (as a baseline) and right before site delivery to the Client in order to measure changes, if any during the construction phase, as well as to register the existing quality of underground water before the CIS management is transferred to “Jorile” WUA. These wells will be further used by WUA to monitor the groundwater level and quality. The mitigation measure is: Permanent spill control during both construction and operational phase with immediate measure to stop them, and 6.1.1.4 Air Pollution The objective of the ESMP with regard the air quality is to minimize air borne particulate matter released into the atmosphere. Recommended mitigation measures include:
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Fitting all heavy equipment and machinery in full compliance with the national regulations; Wetting piled soil and sand before loading, particularly in dry, windy conditions; Employing fuel-efficient and well-maintained haulage trucks with proper exhaust baffles to minimize exhaust emissions; Turning off the engines for all vehicles while parked on the site; Using efficient equipment, machinery and vehicles with regular checks to affect necessary corrections or repairs and ensure compliance with safety and air pollution requirements; Covering soil, sand, and other construction material in storage and in transit; Using effective water sprays during the delivery and handling of all sand and aggregate and other similar material when dust is likely to be created; and, Washing of tires and the lower body of vehicles when moving out from the construction site, as needed or reasonable, or as requested by the ES officer. 6.1.1.5 Biodiversity and habitats protection The objective of the ESMP related to the biodiversity conservation is to minimize and/ or exclude direct and reduce indirect impact on fauna and flora , especially those species that are listed in the Red Book (a list of rare and endangered plant and animal species). Terrestrial biodiversity The Project does not envisage impacts requiring special measures to particularly protecting terrestrial biodiversity at the construction phase as a very low probability of adverse effects on flora and fauna is foreseen. In general, all other measures listed in this chapter are directed to secure a natural or artificial regeneration of flora and fauna in the area of works if affected. At the same time it is recommended that CC, in order to reduce the indirect impact over the fauna will consider the noise factor (especially if the work is conducted during the period of mass nesting, migration), diminishing to the maximum extent the work of heavy and noisy machinery and equipment It is also recommended to warn workers of the need to protect the most species of flora and fauna, especially when dealing with species introduced in the Red Book (turtles, reptiles, birds, bats, etc.). For this purpose, in such a place as on-site parking of vehicles (or other suitable place) a board can be arranged, and pictures of rare and endangered species of flora and fauna (which potentially can be found in this region) will be exhibited on it. . Besides, it is recommended to raise the issue during the briefing before every work shift. Besides, the workers should be warned about the consequences of infringement of the rules of hunting in general, and especially the infringements of hunting prohibition regime. Fresh water biodiversity and water dependant habitats
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It is recommended that the work on construction of fish protection structures were carried out during low river water period of the year. This will reduce the effect of water turbidity generation (disturbance of the bottom sediments) and will reduce the spread of the stain of muddy water downstream from the place of work. If possible, the work should be performed after the passage of spawning and juvenile fish in the area of water withdrawal (October, November). It is also recommended to perform the work from a pontoon (due safety measures for staff conducting the works on water will mandatory be developed by CC and strictly applied) since the shoreline conditions do not allow for removal / installation by shore cranes. It is also recommended raising the issue of fish protection during the briefing before every work shift. Besides, the workers should be warned about the consequences of infringement of the rules of fishing in general, and especially the infringements of fishing prohibition regime. During the removal of silt the works will be done in such a way that the area on the bottom of the lake (downstream the suction pipes) where silt will be released is minimized. Trees The area where cutting trees is needed are the areas next to SPP-1 and SPP-2 pumping stations protection dikes. In order to reinforce the dikes, the dike itself and the area next to the dike should be free of trees and bushes in order to conduct the concrete (cement) works. Besides, it might be necessary cutting trees in order to provide access to the site during the installation of the pipes within the command area as well as trimming walnuts trees to allow the work of excavator. The exact number of trees to be removed will be identified during the implementation phase of the construction. It is anticipated that very few trees from surrounding the pumping station area will have to be removed. The trees cutting and trimming will be, in any case, coordinated with the local environmental authorities. 6.1.1.6 Land use, infrastructure, properties The objective of the ESMP with respect to land use, infrastructure is to minimize the disturbance of the infrastructure in use by inhabitants of the nearest villages – Jora de Jos, Jora de Sus, Vascauti and Lopatna. The recommended measures to mitigate the negative impact over the local population are: To agree on terms of handing over the road to the local / road authorities. Mains by pass will be designed and all environmental protection measures describing the mitigation of impact over the soil, roads, air pollution/dust applies here. All lines where infrastructure like electrical, communication cables is buried will be marked and excavators work will be prohibited in this areas. Digging the trench in this area will be done manually. The site manager will be in possession of all emergency phone numbers, stop the work immediately if a break of cable happens and inform the project manager and relevant emergency response services.
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6.1.1.7 Noise and vibration disturbances during trench excavation The objectives of the ESMP in relation to noise and ground vibration management are to minimize noise level increases during construction operations as well as to minimize/avoid ground vibration due to construction operations. Recommended mitigation measures include: Fitting all powered mechanical equipment and machinery with noise abating gear, such as mufflers for effective sound reducing, in full compliance with the applicable regulations; As possible, operating heavy equipment during daylight hours; Terminating works at the established time (e.g., work during daylight hours), and avoiding increase of noise during peak hours; Isolating construction equipment that generates excessive noise/vibration; Using well-maintained haulage trucks with speed controls; Taking reasonable measures, such as installing acoustic screens to minimize noise near noise-sensitive areas (residential area); Ensuring the CC takes responsibility for rectifying damages caused by vibration generated from or by the use of any equipment, machinery, and haulage vehicles 6.1.1.8 Protective measures during the pressure tests When pressure tests are conducted CC must ensure a direct communication line with the personnel in switch area of the pumping station who will switch off the pumping immediately if the pipe breaks occur and open the drain valve to empty the system. 6.1.1.9 Handling and Storage of Hazardous Materials and Wastes The objective of the ESMP in relation to handling and storage of hazardous materials is to minimize contamination of the immediate surroundings as well as to reduce or eliminate the potential risk of exposure to hazardous materials for workers and the public. Recommended mitigation measures include: Storing hydrocarbons and hazardous materials on impervious ground under cover and constructing the storage area as a spill tray to avoid spread of accidental spills; Providing safe ventilation for storage of volatile chemicals; Restricting and controlling access to areas containing hazardous substances; Asbestos wastes and lead containing wastes (old paintings) to be handled - follow procedures as described in Annex D. 6.1.1.10 Rubble and Construction Waste Disposal
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The objectives of the ESMP in relation to rubble and construction waste disposal management are to minimize the generation of rubble and construction waste, to optimize the reuse of spoil and construction waste as well as to ensure safe and proper disposal of rubble and construction waste. Recommended mitigation measures include: Estimating the amounts and types of spoil and construction waste to be generated by the project (e.g. removed hydrants, old paint, roofs, lead from electrical equipment). Providing for zones of preliminary accumulation of wastes that will cause no damage to the vegetation cover and other components of the environment. Identifying potential safe disposal sites close to the project sites, and in consultation with SEI investigating the environmental conditions of the disposal sites and preparing recommendations on the most suitable and safe sites. Transferring and disposing unsuitable excavated material in designated locations agreed to by relevant organizations. The disposal site shall be far from water streams (> 1 km) and away from low-lying areas. Systematically carrying away unsuitable excavated materials from areas prone to erosion; Reusing waste materials wherever possible; Recovering and reusing or removing used oil and lubricants from the site in full compliance with the national and local regulations (only within designated area) Burning of oil wasted, debris, or other waste material is prohibited. 6.1.1. 11 Historic and Cultural Monuments The objective of the ESMP in identifying and preserving historic, cultural, and religious monuments is to protect the monuments from accidental damage by construction activities. Recommended mitigation measures include: Ceasing work as soon as historical and cultural monuments are encountered during earthworks or other construction activities Providing relevant information to the National Archeological Agency. The Agency will determine the value of the historic/archaeological monuments and provide guidance on whether and how to proceed with the construction. This may include excavating or otherwise documenting the monuments before further proceeding, or in cases of very valuable features, developing a design to avoid disturbance to the monument. 6.1.1.12 Camping Site for the project team Camping Site if needed will be organized within the Pumping Station yard and will be provided all welfare units needed to secure safety of equipment and conditions for good rest for the team: dinning area, adequate sanitation, and rooms for night sleep. However, the final decision about the accommodation of workers will be made by the CC management.
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6.1.2. Mitigation of Social Impacts The objectives of the ESMP in relation to social impact management are: To schedule the construction activities for the purpose of avoiding or minimizing impacts of construction activities on farmers and their businesses; To ensure that relationship between the CC and the affected by project population remains positive throughout project works and there is good communication and exchange of information; To avoid impact on public health, including prevention of spread of HIV/AIDS and STIs To insure there is no incidence of Trafficking In Persons, forced and child labor as part of CC’s works; To ensure that the project contributes to achieving social and gender equality objectives provided by local legislation and MCC Policy. For the purpose of achieving these objectives, the CC, as part of its CESMP, will develop a Social Management Plan (SMP). This SMP will aim at achieving sustainable socially acceptable development interventions under the THVA Project. CC’s SMP will contain four constituent plans with actions specified in the MCA Moldova Social and Gender Integration Plan (SGIP) for THVA Project (MAFP, Social and Gender Plan, TIP Risk Management Plan, and HIV/AIDS Risk Management Plan). The mitigation measures included in the SMP will be designed and implemented under the four key components described below. 6.1.2.1 Mobility and Access Facilitation Plan (MAFP) The Mobility and Access Facilitation Plan is aimed at ensuring that the mitigation of negative impacts of construction related works on the project population is planned in advance and where and to extent possible CC undertakes social responsibilities for the purpose of maximizing the positive effects of the project, through friendly communication with local people, keeping the local people posted about the company plan for next days, weeks, announcing in advance about intervention which might temporary disturb the customs of local people, etc. The MAFP will include the following: Providing measures in accordance with the construction schedule to avoid or minimize impacts of construction-related road closures and blocking of access to properties – R4 closure roads (if it would be required), access to Nistru bank via roads crossing the command area, access to private land, etc. Minimizing impact of laying-off of utilities such as electricity, gas, water supply during construction;
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Informing the project population about the schedule of construction activities and road closures, electricity/gas cut-off (if any); 6.1.2.2 Gender Plan The social and gender objectives of CC’s Social and Gender Plan (SGP) originates in the MCA Moldova Social and Gender Integration Plan and will aim at addressing specific social and gender issues which were identified during previous discussions in the framework of the THVA Project. Under the SGP the CC is required to: Ensure exchange of information between CC and the local population. This includes installing by CC of information boards in village along command area. CC is encouraged to contribute to job-creation for the local population, with target on women and youth, but also other groups. This may include small-scale supply contracts or services, while announcement of jobs required may be published on the information boards. Be aware of and contribute to successful implementation of the RAP. 6.1.2.3 Trafficking in Persons Management Plan (TIP) Trafficking in Persons is defined as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor and child labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. The CC’s TIP Mitigation Plan must include, but not limited to: A signed statement that the CC certifies that it is not engaged in, facilitating or allowing TIP, forced labor or child labor for the duration of the contract. The CC will ensure that TIP will not be tolerated on the part of employees or contract workers and that engaging in TIP is cause for suspension or termination of employment or of the contract; accordingly CC should include this provision in the employment contracts. Raising the level of awareness of employees, and sub-contractors and workers on the issue including providing information on the risk areas and the penalties for involvement in TIP. The raising of awareness will be ensured through conducting of a number of training for the CC’s staff and sub-contractors. Conducting of TIP, forced and child labor awareness can be done separately or as part of the Operational Safety and Health training. A requirement and system to report suspicions or know incidents of TIP to MCA Moldova and responsible Government authorities; and to refer potential victims to
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appropriate agencies. The contact information of these authorities should be made known to all workers and other participants of the awareness campaign, inclusively through the distribution of leaflets. 6.1.2.4 HIV/AIDS and STD Management Plan CC’s HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Plan should be aimed at: Avoiding conflicts with local communities by providing resources for worker requirements at camp stores and regulating outside visits. Avoiding the potential spread of vector borne diseases and communicable diseases, such as STDs and HIV/AIDS, through awareness and prevention activities among construction workers. Conducting awareness programs on HIV/AIDS and STD prevention for the population close to the construction campsites. HIV/AIDS and STD Prevention Measures under the Plan shall include, but will not be limited to the following actions: Conduct awareness programs on HIV/AIDS and STI prevention for the project population. Provide HIV and STI prevention materials for construction workers, such as booklets, pamphlets, posters, in local language(s). Conduct awareness programs on HIV/AIDS and STI prevention for construction workers. Include HIV and STI prevention intervention clauses in construction contracts Discourage abuse of drugs (alcohol and narcotics). Tailor messages to the general workforce, and separately to men and women. Use professional organizations such as NGOs and Community Based Organizations (CBOs) working on HIV prevention. Subsidize male and female condom distribution for construction workers. Provide Information on Access to Comprehensive HIV and STI Services. Educate communities and workers on how to avoid STIs, to recognize common STI symptoms, and to seek treatment via confidential referral systems. Provide Information on Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Services in the Project area or elsewhere in proximity to the Project area Publicize the existence of anonymous VCT service (testing, pre-test, and post-test counseling)
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Educate people on how to avoid OIs, to recognize common OI symptoms, and to seek treatment and Provide Information on Access to Treatment of Opportunistic Infections (OIs):
6.2. Operation Phase It must be noted that the activities and mitigation measures applied during the operational phase will not be the responsibility of the CC, the Engineer, MCA-Moldova, or MCC. The “Jorile” WUA as the managing entity of the rehabilitated CIS has the responsibility to consider these measures, and to bring these to the attention of other government agencies for their action as appropriate. 6.2.1. Mitigation of Environmental Impact During the operational phase, in Jora de Jos command area the following environmental components will be affected the most: 1) groundwater - due to potential increase of water table and water pollution 2) aquatic ecosystems - due to potential decrease of biodiversity, and 3) soil - due to potential deterioration of soil structure. 6.2.1.1 Groundwater Mitigation: to develop irrigation management to avoid deep percolation; irrigation systems should be managed for zero or minimum deep percolation during the growing seasons to keep fertilizer and pesticides in the root zone as long as possible. Irrigation schedule should be based on soil moisture content and plant appearance (since the key issue is to maintain plants growth, with minimal risk of deep percolation; thus, irrigation scheduling should be designed to reflect local soil and plant characteristics, etc). 6.2.1.2. Aquatic Ecosystems (Damage to Fish) Mitigation: to avoid over abstraction of water during the spawning period (April – June) and during the ramp fry (September – October), to establish fish protection structures and maintain them appropriately; compensation for damage to fish. 6.2.1.3. Soil degradation: Despite the fact that the normative of irrigation (300 m3/ha/12 hours irrigation cycle) is actually equal with the maximum capacity of CIS (hydraulic module 0,8 litre / second / ha /12 hours irrigation cycle) when applied per one irrigation unit of 2 ha (345 m 3/ha/12 hours irrigation cycle) meaning that irrigation is treated with precaution. This is first to protect the grain-size composition of top soil, which if damaged by big water drops could trigger the process of pore clogging and eventual installation of a defect aero-hydric regime in the irrigated soils that will favor anaerobic processes, especially the gleyic process that has a strong negative impact on soils.
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Mitigation: (i) to avoid the negative processes, the moisture regime has to be permanently preserved at the level of the moisture content at capillary bounds interruption (0.70- 0.75 Field Water Capacity); (ii) it is necessary to cover the soil surface with organic mulch (10-15 t/ha). The latter will lead to a significant reduction of physical evaporation, and by reducing the necessary number of irrigations it will ensure a stable hydrothermal regime that will exclude the exaggerated soil drying/freezing and protect the soil structure against the destructive action of water drops; (iii) use of non aggressive irrigation (small drop size) methods; (iv) even though the relief in Jora de Jos command area do not favor huge run-off formation applying anti-erosion method of crop cultivation could be considered by local water for irrigation users (see the Chapter 8.1 of the Soil Study in Annex E). As about salinization, solonetsization, secondary salinization the risk to induce these processes by using the Nistru River waters is negligible under the condition that the irrigation normative is respected. Hence, the environmental objective of water users should be: judicious use of soil and water resources. The economic incentives to achieve this goal will be applied. It is to be also mentioned that: Over-irrigating is quite unlikely since ”Jorile” WUA will pay for water use and the water consumption will be metered. Compensation will be paid by ”Jorile” WUA in accordance to the law On fish conservation, fishery and fish farming to recover losses of fish population. The payable amount is linked to the amount of water used. Fish protection structure will be installed at the suction pipes and the whole installation will be operational under supervision and O&M costs of the Jora de Jos WUA. At the same time: The new pumps to be installed are energy efficient; The irrigation equipment is modern one, designed to reach the highest irrigation efficiency standards, WUA will be equipped with moisture measurement units which will help to determine exactly when and how much irrigation should be done. Plan with appropriate mitigation measures for the operational phase is summarized in the Annex A to this ESMP. 6.2.2. Mitigation of Social Impact It must be noted that mitigation measures will not be the responsibility of the CC, the Engineer, MCA-Moldova, or MCC. The WUAs as the managing entity of the rehabilitated CIS has the responsibility to consider these measures, and to bring these to the attention of other government agencies for their action as appropriate.
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The mitigation measures listed for construction phase of the project could be applied during the operational phase as well since the issues of Gender approach in operational activities, combating child labor, TIP, HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), are the ones which can affect the community any time and unexpectedly and the community have to be informed about this threats and be prepared to prevent or counteract. The list of suggested mitigation measures that WUA should apply is indicated in Table 3.
Table 3. Mitigation of social impact
Social impact identified Mitigation measure
Inequity in access to water: Use of mechanisms of decision making offered by WUA Charter in combating inequity in access to - big farms vs small farms; water - gender dimension of the issue Reflect gender dimension in decision making process documentation (Charter of WUA), Involving interested the third parties (representatives of relevant national / local NGOs) into decision making process, secure the maximum transparency of decision making and involve media.
Opposite interest of small farms and big farms in As above terms of land-use, consolidation of plots issues , etc.
Limited access to markets Use the possibilities of WUA as juridical entity to overcome the existing barriers in access to markets, combat unfair competition, corruption.
Limited leadership of women in CIS management providing women with opportunities to play leadership roles in WUA
Insufficient knowledge and skills and accordingly Providing women with the opportunities to take the the low willingness of women to play leading , pro- lead, promote them, encourage them to take leading active role in CIS management roles. Sand them to general management /irrigation / modern agro-techniques trainings as much as possible
Increased demand for labor force Use of labor-saving technologies, mechanization of the work.
Use of child labor as a consequences of scarcity of Implement labor-saving technologies; consider low additional labor force in the area labor force demanding crops cultivation (or crops suitable for mechanical cultivation), involve relevant social and labor authorities to solve the issue when needed.
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Social impact identified Mitigation measure
Health threat during the works, especially handling Training on safety measures on pesticides use chemicals, pesticides first of all
Threat of HIV/Aids and STD Awareness, information campaigns.
One believe that the principle to be applied in mitigation such a social impacts should be prevention. In this respect WUA should establish a permanent group with the function of problems identification. Informal discussions with target audience (mainly youth) as well as information campaign, dissemination of written materials and case studies – this activities should be conducted on regular basis. In this respect WUAs should base upon and work together with community most active persons/organizations, relevant NGOs, education institutions, church and of cause local authorities. Implementation of mitigation measures would require a lot of capacity building activities. In this respect support to WUA via trainings is foreseen within the Compact. ISRA component of THVA project will implement the training program covering environmental and social topics reflected in ESMP.
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7. MONITORING PLAN Environmental and social monitoring is necessary to track the performance of the various project components and mitigation measures. It aims to ensure that the project is functioning within the limits of the environmental and social assessment and is compliant with legislative and regulatory requirements. The monitoring plan covers the environmental, social and occupational health and safety conditions of the project. It should provide sufficient information to identify conditions which require corrective action or for which additional impact analysis and mitigation measures may be required. The monitoring plan is based on the environmental and social impacts that were predicted and the mitigation measures that were identified. Annex B provides table listing the environmental and social monitoring plan and parameters to be measured, the proposed monitoring schedule and the institutions responsible for measure the monitored parameters. The costs estimates presented in Annex C include the cost breakdowns tables for mitigation measure and monitoring implementation as well as the purchase of monitoring equipment or services. The overall cost for mitigation and monitor the environmental / social impacts for Jora de Jos CIS is summarized in Table 4. Table 4. Mitigation and Monitoring Costs for the CIS Jora de Jos, lei * Project Phase CC WUA MCA Total Mitigation activities Construction Phase - - - - Operational Phase - - - - Subtotal Mitigation - - - - Monitoring activities: Construction Phase Monitoring well installation, lei - - - - Ground water (sampling 6 wells) - - - - Subtotal Monitoring-Construction - - - - Monitoring activities: Operational Phase Soil monitoring, lei/year - - - - Groundwater, lei/year - - - - Sub-total Monitoring- Operational - - - - Subtotal Monitoring GRAND TOTALENVIRONMENT - - - & SOIAL
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* Does not include costs for monitoring by AgeoM, State Ecological Inspectorate, State Inspectorate for Plant Protection and National Centre for Public Health as part of their normal duties. Technical agency costs are accounted for in the line ministries annual budgets. An ESMP is a living document that is periodically modified to reflect the current understanding of site conditions, with the continued growth of the knowledge base throughout the life of the project. Monitoring programs must also be modified and updated to generate the most relevant data and information to characterize evolving environmental and social performance. Implementation of these programs at the CIS will provide the data and information needed to identify, anticipate, and further mitigate the changing environmental and social conditions in the river basin over time. The monitoring program plays an important role in achieving sustainability and transparency. Each monitoring program shall be the responsibility of key management personnel defined in the Monitoring Plan table. They will have the power to adjust and modify operating conditions should the monitoring outcomes identify that such corrective actions are warranted.
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8. INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES Well-defined roles and responsibilities and adequate institutional arrangements are central to the effective implementation of the environmental and social safeguard measures outlined in the current ESMP. Accordingly, details of institutional arrangements and the roles and responsibilities of the various institutions in the implementation of the current ESMP and CESMP are discussed below.
8.1. Construction Phase 8.1.1. Key Agencies The Key Agencies with major roles in the implementation of the ESMP and CESMP during construction works are: The Contractor The Engineer State Ecological Inspectorate and Raional Ecological Inspections State Fish Inspection National Centre for Public Health (NCPH) Raional Labour Inspection Civil Protection and Emergency Situations Service, Orhei Division National Archeological Agency In addition to the key agencies, the WUA Administrative Council will also have a role in general oversight of ESMP and CESMP implementation. 8.1.2. Role of Involved Agencies The main responsibility for monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the ESMP and CESMP lies with the Engineer; therefore, the Engineer through its Environmental and Social Specialist (ESS) will be responsible for regular supervision and reporting on ESMP and CESMP implementation by the CC. The Engineer’s ESS will have access to a team of experts in different fields (water, soil, social consultant etc) in order to ensure sufficient capacity to oversee implementation of CESMP. The implementation of the CESMP will be managed by the CC Environmental & Social and Health & Safety Manager (ESHSM) that will be primarily responsible for daily inspection and monitoring of CESMP implementation. The State Ecological Inspectorate and Raional Ecological Inspections, State Fish Inspection, National Centre for Public Health (NCPH), Civil Protection and Emergency Situations Service, National Archeological Agency and Raional Labour Inspection will monitor ESMP and CESMP implementation on basis of their internal plans as established in the regulations.
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These institutions may conduct announced and unannounced site visits with representatives of MCA-Moldova. 8.1.3. Reporting and Follow-Up The ESM and HSS will prepare monthly and incident reports (Annex J) that will be submitted to the Engineer, who will submit the reports to MCA-Moldova with their comments, observations, and recommendations. MCA-Moldova will send feed back to the Engineer through the consultant(s) or directly when urgent action is required. Monitoring and reporting on the implementation of follow-up action will also be part of the duties of the ESM and HSS. The Engineer will prepare and submit monthly project environmental and social management reports to MCA-Moldova, who will convene project environmental management meetings when necessary to discuss and instruct on the environmental and social management aspects of the Project. The Engineer, and the Contractor will participate in the meetings. Wherever possible, representatives of WUA will also be invited to the meetings.
8.2. Operational Phase It must be repeatedly noted that the mitigation and monitoring activities will not be the responsibility of the CC, the Engineer, MCA-Moldova, or MCC during the operational phase. The WUA as the economic managing entity of the rehabilitated CIS will has the responsibility to consider these measures, and to bring these to the attention of other government agencies for their action as appropriate. 8.2.1. Key Agencies During the operational phase the key institutions to which the WUA will enter into juridical relation are: AM (Monitoring and Supervising Unit) State Ecological Inspection State Fish Inspection National Centre for Public Health State Phyto-Sanitary Inspection Labor Inspection National Bureau of Statistics Civil Protection and Emergency Situation Service, Orhei Division Likewise the construction phase the WUA Administrative Council during the operational phase will has a role in general oversight of ESMP implementation and in ESMP up-dating. 8.2.2. Role of Involved Agencies The responsibilities of the institutions having a role in the process of CIS operation are:
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The Monitoring and Supervision Unit of AM as the owner of the CIS will conduct visits / inspections to verify how the system is operated and maintained. In accordance with the list of pre-established performance indicators. The State Ecological Inspection will conducting regular inspections to check the compliance with the existing norms in terms of soil protection and waste management. The State Fish Inspection will check whether the fish protection structure installed on suction pipes are in good condition as well as whether the compensation of damage to fish in accordance with the calculation done during the Hydro-biological Study (Annex G) are timely covered by WUA. National Centre for Public Heath will monitor the bacteriological parameters of the surface water used for irrigation and will issue to WUAs recommendations for actions in case of parameters monitored excides the critical values. The State Phyto-Sanitary Inspection is in charge for controlling overuse of pesticide and fertilizers. All used pesticides and fertilizers should be homologated in the Republic of Moldova. The technical state of warehouses where pesticide and fertilizer are stored as well as the mode of storage will also be the subject of inspection. Civil Protection and Emergency Situation Service will conduct regular check of the fire- fighting equipment inside pesticide warehouses and pumping stations. The National Bureau of Statistic should receive regular report from WUAs on amount of water used as well as the amount of waste produced and managed. It should also be reminded that in case some historical and cultural monuments are encountered during earthworks or other activities of the WUA the National Archeological Agency should be contacted for further instructions. WUA reporting activity will consist in providing the reports to public enforcement institutions in line with existing legal requirements.
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9. CAPACITY BUILDING It should be stated that there will be two kind of trainings to be provided during the implementation of the project: a) training conducted by CC environmental and social staff for workers and local villagers during the conduction of the works (construction phase) and b) training for WUA members in order to build their capacity to manage the irrigation system after the THVA Project is completed. Training for CC staff derives from their contractual obligations and covers only the training foreseen for the construction phase of the project aiming at implementation by CC of both environmental and social impacts mitigation measures. Some of training activities the CC will be responsible for during the works will have villagers of adjacent localities as target group (including also the WUA members). These activities derive from Construction Contractor CESPM, SMP, MAFP, TIP and HIV/AIDS Plans). The activities consist from seminars, meetings, information and raising awareness campaigns to be organized and conducted by CC environmental and social specialist. Costs for these activities are included into CC contract. Training for WUA Memebers is conceived to build the capacity of the WUA to manage the Association during the operational phase of the project, i.e. when the THVA Project is completed. In other words this training is oriented to secure the sustainability of the project results. Development and conduction of Training Program for WUA is assigned to ISRA component of THVA Project and a budget to develop and implement it is allocated.
9.1. Training needs: Construction Phase Implementation of Mitigation and Monitoring Plans of current ESMP implies development of program for capacity building for both construction and operational phases of the project. For the construction phase the trainings as part of the CC duties will be conducted for workers and will need efforts and resources included in the construction costs. Besides, the CC will be responsible to conduct a number of trainings and awareness raising campaigns / seminars / meetings with the WUA addressing the topic of adverse social impacts prevention and mitigation. Gained knowledge and skills WUA will /would use during the operational phase of the project for the same purpose – prevent or/and mitigate adverse social impacts. It is also a matter of WUA interest to work closely with the Engineer in supervision of CC activities and learn as much as possible from Engineer about the specific of this kind of work - supervision. This will help a lot in the future when WUA will have to hire services to maintain the irrigation system, conduct all kind of monitoring.
9.2. Training needs: Operational Phase Operational phase will require knowledge and skills of the WUA members. List of some topics that WUA will have to manage is presented below: 1. Protect the soil from degradation,
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2. Protect the underground waters (if strictly confine to the territories where their farmers’ activity will be conducted) from chemical pollution (pesticides and fertilizers) and control the level of underground water. 3. Protect the crops from pests. 4. Protect the surface waters from pollution (despite minimal direct impact the farmer activity will have upon the Nistru River). The WUA member should all the way remember that continuous supply of water to their fields depend on pollution level of the river, which in case of non-compliance could be interrupted by health authority). In this respect actions to heal the riparian catchments area will become their day by day concern and duty. They will have to monitor in order to change to better the environmental conditions of the areas which are not confined to their argi-field only. 5. Optimize the water use to not over-irrigate, to not harm excessively the river ecosystems 6. Development of performance indicators (environmental, financial, social, etc.) and cross- indicators favoring reflecting environmental concerns in economic and financial planning and vice versa. 7. WUA will have to up-date this ESMP and further implement the provisions of their own ESMP which means that problem identification, project development and planning skills, etc. related to development of an ESMP document will have to be passed on to the relevant members of WUA. 8. Relations with enforcement institutions and other juridical entities (dealing with issuing permits, authorizations for functioning, reporting, etc.).
9.3. Training Program implementation The list is not exhaustive but even 8 items mentioned above will require a lot of training. It should be mentioned that the capacity building program will be developed (based among other on current ESMP) and implemented (seminars, trainings workshops, etc. conducted) during the life-time of Compact. Costs for this component of Compact will cover all of (if not more) the topics listed above and that the cost for capacity building component were foreseen from the very beginning of Compact commencement in Moldova. The ISRA component of the THVA Project is in charge with development and conduction of the training for WUA. Nowadays the Training Program for WUA is under development by ISRA and accordingly the needed budget could not be clearly indicated yet. The assumed amount to be spent for training activities by CC is reflected in Annex C Mitigation and Monitoring Costs, table 1. As a concluding remark to present chapter it’s worthwhile to remind that: a) the WUA should always keep in mind the fact that they will get support until 2015 only and then they will perform all alone and
______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 50 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova b) the developer of the capacity building program (Training Programe) should design it in such a way to make sure that the tuition took place (a list of verification indicators have to be established as a part of Training Programe).
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10. CONTRACTOR’S COMPLIANCE WITH ESMP The current ESMP is designed to cover the overall policy of environmental and social safeguards for the project, plus all the detailed procedures and mitigations that are consistent with the design. However, construction may uncover additional environmental and social issues that are not wholly foreseen at the time of the preparation of the ESMP. It is important to highlight that the mitigation measures proposed in the current ESMP are generic and the Contractor is encouraged to propose alternative measures in its CESMP in order to address the impact.
10.1 Contractor’s ESMP (CESMP) The Contractor shall develop its CESMP focusing on three key components: Site specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP); Social Management Plan; and Occupational Health and Safety. The CESMP must be site-specific and should include details of control measures that will be utilized on site to minimize any potential environmental and social impacts from the proposed works/activities. It is important to note that if the proposed works/activities contained within the CESMP are altered during the Contract, the Contractor will be required to update the CESMP to reflect any changes or modifications made. Contractor shall use Technical Specification as a guide to develop its CESMP. 10.1.1. Site specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) The Contractor shall take all necessary measures and precautions and otherwise ensure that the execution of the Works and all associated operations on the Sites or off-site are carried out in conformity with statutory and regulatory environmental requirements of the Government of Moldova and the Standard Specifications, where the more stringent shall apply. The Contractor shall take all measures and precautions to avoid any nuisance or disturbance arising from the execution of project activities. This shall, wherever possible, be achieved by suppression of the nuisance at source rather than abatement of the nuisance once generated. For each area (both on and off the Site) of direct or indirect environmental impact resulting from Contractor’s operations, a Site Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) shall be developed to be approved by the Engineer. The SEMP details how the environmental management requirements, as outlined in the current ESMP, will be implemented and managed on site. The SEMP shall describe in details how the Contractor intends to mitigate construction impacts and document the response to inspecting, monitoring, verifying, internal auditing and correcting or improving environmental performance. Detail information on SEMP shall be found in the Specifications. The Engineer may require periodic reviews, including updating of the SEMP during the Works.
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10.1.2. Social Management Plan (SMP) As described in chapter 6, the Contractor shall develop a Social Management Plan (SMP) as part of the CESMP. The SMP is composed of four key plans with actions specified in the MCA Moldova Social and Gender Integration Plan (SGIP) for the CISRA Project. These plans are: Mobility and Access Facilitation Plan; Social and Gender Plan; Trafficking in Persons Plan; and HIV/AIDS and STD Plan. Detail information on SMP shall be found in the Specifications. The Engineer may require periodic reviews, including updating of the plans mentioned above during the Works. 10.1.3. CESMP Implementation and required resources As specified in chapter 8, the implementation of the CESMP will be managed by the Contractor and the Contractor’s ESM and HSS who will be primarily responsible for daily inspection and monitoring of CESMP implementation. The CESMP and accompanied plans shall be developed prior to civil works start as specified in the Specifications. The CESMP and subsequent changes or modifications will be approved by the Engineer. In addition to the key specialists required, the Contractor should ensure sufficient resources and staff to meet the requirements of the ESMP and CESMP. 10.1.4. Project Finalization To the satisfaction of the Engineer, the CESMP shall describe specific tasks to be completed at the end of the construction activities. This will include, but not be limited to, aspects such as restoration and re-vegetation of disturbed areas, tree planting, slope treatment, implementation of specific mitigation measures as laid out in the ESMP and CESMP, reporting on final monitoring results, and resolution of complaints from communities or other stakeholders.
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11. ESMP PUBLIC CONSULTATION According to FS/FD Consultant’s report the affected area works cover 5 communities: Jora de Jos, Jora de Mijloc, Jora de Sus, Lopatna and Vascauti villages. According to the Public Consultation Policy of MCC and provisions of the EE & EIA law, the findings of ESMP should be presented to and discussed with the public from affected communities offering to interested persons the possibility to express their views and ideas with regard to the up-coming project both verbally, during the meeting or by calling over the phone as well as in written, sending messages by mail or e-mail to the address indicated. The said public consultation meeting was conducted in August 2012 with due preliminary announcement of the public via letters sent to the mayoralties of the villages and by posting the announcements on the Information Boards next to mayoralties of concerned villages. The Minutes of Public Consultation Meeting is attached to ESMP (Annex I). It is also to be mentioned that the people were provided two weeks for feedback. No feedback from local people, local NGOs and other interested parties from Jora de Jos, Jora de Sus and Lopatna and Vascauti villages were received. Further, during the project implementation, in the case of new insignificant reconstruction, change of machinery and equipment on a new, more ecological one or some others activities which will not significantly affect the environment, and there is no need for special public consultation, the project owner will provide information to all interested parties about these activities by installing a notice plate placed in the project site as well as on the information board located at the mayoralty.
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Annexes
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Annex A: Mitigation Measures
Type of Impact and Potential Mitigation measures Location Timing Supervising agency Cost11 Executing agency Negative Impact Construction Phase - Environment Fertile soil compacting, Use as much as possible Construction site During construction Engineer, WUA, CC cost CC pollution, erosion existing earth (gravel Local Ecological covered) roads for Inspection machinery movement.
Segregate temporal Construction site As above As above As above stockpile of trench’s earth with different quality.
Careful trench back filling Construction site As above As above As above with non-productive soils on the bottom. Accidental soil wash-out Dispatcher Construction site After pipe / hydrants Engineer, WUA CC costs CC during pressure testing of pipes (communication) network assembling section with pumping station – stop test immediately
Prepare plan in case of Before trench back- As above As above accident pipe damage filling Oil leakages during pump Use spill pans / spill try. CIS Jora de Jos all During works and Engineer, Local CC cost CC replacement Use absorbent in case of pumping stations temporal storage Ecological spills on top soil. Inspection Lubricants and fuel leakage Preventive and after work Camping site and on Daily, During Engineer, Local CC cost CC (machinery camp, traffic) shifts inspections construction site construction Ecological Inspection, WUA Noise, dust Optimization of machinery Construction site, Daily, During Engineer, WUA, CC costs CC traffic and maneuvering. Pumping stations construction Local Ecological During operations the site - during Agency, Local
11 For costs breakdown please ref to Annex C
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Type of Impact and Potential Mitigation measures Location Timing Supervising agency Cost Executing agency Negative Impact engines covers of renovations. Centre of Public generators, air compressors health (occupational and other powered safety) mechanical equipment shell be closed. Cover the haul of tracks. Calm the dust with water spray. Deterioration of surface water Conduct the work during CIS Jora de Jos Late October – State Fish inspection CC costs CC quality due to increased the low level of water March turbidity because of silt (recommended within the (recommended) removal from the bottom of period from October to the river March), after spawning period Disturbance of riparian Works to start after spawn CIS Jora de Jos SPP- Late October – State Fish inspection CC cost CC ecosystems / destruction of period. 1 and SPP-2 November or March (Compensation cost water-related habitats (removal To carry out construction pumping stations (recommended) was identified within of 4,500 m3 of silt from the work from pontoon Hydro-biological Dubasari water reservoir To minimize area under Study added to this bottom)/ damage to benthic suction pipes installation ESMP as Annex G) and plankton organisms during works fish protection structure Compensation for damages installation (bell type) as well paid. as during the suction pipe installation Crumbling of river banks / Use of geo-net, seeding the CIS Jora de Jos SPP- Late October – Engineer, State Fish CC cost CC damage to benthic and grass on the slope of dike, 1 and SPP-2 November or March inspection (Compensation cost plankton organisms during the after works. pumping stations (recommended) will be identified by suction pipes works Hydro-biological Study and added as addendum to this ESMP in November 2012) Disturbance of terrestrial Noise reduction by CIS command area During trenching, Engineer, Local No cost CC wildlife by noise produced by stopping the engines when especially near the dike reinforcement Ecological machinery parked. forests, forests Briefings before Inspection strips, river banks. work shifts.
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Type of Impact and Potential Mitigation measures Location Timing Supervising agency Cost Executing agency Negative Impact Inform workers about species likely to be met within the working site Environmental pollution with Appropriate planning of Construction site. During entire works Engineer, Local CC costs CC solid and hazardous wastes works to minimize area period Ecological under construction works. Inspection To minimize area under debris
To arrange the place and Outside the river As above As above capacities for temporary protection zone of 1 storage of hazardous wastes km. (lead containing oil and painting, lubricants). To install warning signs “Toxic waste!!! Access denied”. Within the As above As above Mark the storage site with dumpsite / landfill warning signs “Toxic designated. waste!!! Access denied”. As above As above To secure regular removal From construction of wastes from construction sites to designated site to designated landfill. landfill. Asbestos wastes: environment Separate collection, dusting All 4 pumping During Pumping Engineer, Local CC costs CC pollution with asbestos fibers prevention, wet swipe, stations during Station renovation Ecological appropriate temporal repair (removing works, Inspection, disposal, labor safety asbestos plates), measure (PPE) – as described in details in Annex D
53 locations within During the works on the construction sites site (installment of where in each pipes)
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Type of Impact and Potential Mitigation measures Location Timing Supervising agency Cost Executing agency Negative Impact locations a 80 cm long asbestos pipe should be removed (cut-off) Construction Phase - Social Health hazard for workers and Optimization of machinery Construction site, Daily, During Engineer, WUA, CC costs CC local people (construction sites traffic and maneuvering. Pumping stations construction Local Ecological near residential area or other Cover the haul of tracks. site during Inspection, Local social infrastructure): dust, Calm the dust with water renovations. Centre of Public noise, hazardous materials spray. Health (occupational (asbestos, lead containing safety) paintings) Use PPE equipment. Work only during light period of day.
Zoning the site while working with hazardous materials: Dirty Zone and Clean Zone and establish a Decontamination Unit in between them. Install Warning Sign. Accessibility to properties by Inform people in advance Villages Jora de Jos, During the Engineer, WUA, CC costs CC construction: reduced mobility on temporary road closure Jora de Mijloc, Jora construction phase Road Police of persons by closing the de Sus, Lopatna, roads, if any Secure by-passes. Vascauti Disturbance of the community Preventing measures: Villages Jora de Jos During the Engineer, WUA, CC costs CC traditional way of life (“new awareness about local Jora de Mijloc, Jora construction phase Local Authorities men in town” effect) community rules of de Sus, Lopatna, life/behavior, information Vascauti on STI, HIV/SIDA among locals and workers. Contract clauses.
Threat of HIV/Aids and STD Preventing measures: Villages Jora de Jos, During the Engineer, WUA, CC costs CC, WUA awareness, information on Jora de Mijloc, Jora construction phase Local Authorities STI, HIV/SIDA among de Sus, Lopatna,
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Type of Impact and Potential Mitigation measures Location Timing Supervising agency Cost Executing agency Negative Impact locals and workers. Vascauti Contract clauses. Trafficking in Persons/Drugs Information Villages Jora de Jos, During construction Engineer, WUA, CC costs CC, WUA Awareness, Jora de Mijloc, Jora phase Local Authorities Contract clauses de Sus, Lopatna, Vascauti Child labor Information Villages Jora de Jos, During construction Engineer, WUA, CC costs CC, WUA Awareness, Jora de Mijloc, Jora phase Local Authorities, Contract clauses de Sus, Lopatna, Labor Inspection Vascauti Operational Phase - Environment Depletion of surface water Installation of water meters. CIS Jora de Jos Before signing the AM THVA Project costs WUA or service resources (water abstraction) Management outsourced To develop proper CIS Jora de Jos Transfer Agreement As above No costs irrigation schedule.
To develop irrigation CIS Jora de Jos As above No coasts application based on soil moisture parameter and growing crops.
Energy consumption Optimizing the energy CIS Jora de Jos Before signing the Self-control WUA costs WUA or service efficiency of the pumping Management outsourced system through its Transfer Agreement (recommendations operation and management, of a management / including regular agro / environmental monitoring and consultant) maintenance. Establish energy efficiency indicators.
Proper maintenance of pumps.
Use of aggressive (large drop Use of non-aggressive CIS Jora de Jos During the irrigation Self-control (no No additional costs WUA size) irrigation - soil grain-size methods of irrigation (follow period enforcement structure deterioration recommendations from Soil institution exists) ______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 60 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
Type of Impact and Potential Mitigation measures Location Timing Supervising agency Cost Executing agency Negative Impact Study – Annex E) Soil washed as consequence of Technical inspection of CIS Jora de Jos Recurrent task AM WUA Maintenance WUA leakages from pipe, hydrants system. costs Over irrigation of fields Adjust the irrigation CIS Jora de Jos During the irrigation Self-control. (no WUA costs WUA leading to short-term water schedule with the results of period enforcement stagnation and deviation from soil moister measurements institution exists) optimal aero-hydrological soil regime. Formation of the irrigation Covering the soil with CIS Jora de Jos During the irrigation Self-control. (no WUA costs WUA crust on the top-soil organic mulch or vegetation period enforcement institution exists) Unsuitable for certain type of Apply soil conservation CIS Jora de jos During the lifetime Self-control. (no WUA costs WUA soil agro-technique used methods based on of the irrigation enforcement technological fish system institution exists) elaborated by specialized agri-consultants Suction of fish and aquatic Proper maintenance of fish SPP-1, SPP-2 Yearly or as State Fish Inspection WUA costs Authorized organisms during the water protection structures required specialists: divers. intake – damage to fish and plankton population Control of fish protection As above As above As above WUA costs Authorized device efficiency institutions: Institute of Zoology, State Enterprise “Acvacultura”
Yearly compensation paid Yearly As above WUA costs WUA correlated with the abstracted amount of water. Potential bacteriological Establish a sanitary zone in SPP-1 SPP-2, water As prescribed by Local Centre of WUA Costs Local Centre for pollution of surface water line with the Hygienic from SP-1 and SP-2 Sanitary permit Public Health Public Health quality Regulation On protection basins pumping issued by Local of water bodies against stations Public health pollution no 06.6.3.23 authority dated 03.07. 1997 Potential chemical surface Control surface water As above According to WUA SEI, NCPH WUA costs Authorized water pollution quality Monitoring Plan institutions: “Geolab”, RCAP. ______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 61 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
Type of Impact and Potential Mitigation measures Location Timing Supervising agency Cost Executing agency Negative Impact Local Centre for Public health Potential deterioration Fuel and lubricants spillage CIS Jora de Jos Re-current task SEI, AGeoM WUAs operational WUA (pollution) of underground and control, costs surface water quality by pesticide use Development and As above Before signing the State Phyto-Sanitary WUA costs Outsourcing: Agro- / implement the Integrated Management Inspection of the Eco Consultant Pest Management Transfer Agreement Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry Potential raising of Adjusting the irrigation CIS Jora de Jos According to data of WUA operational WUA groundwater level schedule water level costs measurements
Surface water pollution Establish a sanitary zone in Pumping stations As prescribed by Local Centre of WUA Cost Local Centre for line with the Hygienic adjacent areas Sanitary permit Public Health Public Health Regulation On protection issued by Local of water bodies against Public health pollution no 06.6.3.23 authority dated 03.07. 1997 Operational Phase - Social Equity in access to water: big Raise and discuss the issue CIS Jora de Jos During regular WUA costs WUA farms vs. small farms with the Administrative Administrative Council of WUA Council meeting and Follow the provision of WUA member WUA Charter. meetings Transparency in decision making Possible plots consolidation Raise and discuss the issue CIS Jora de Jos During regular General Meeting of WUA costs WUA (merge) as a precondition of with the Administrative Administrative WUA transfer to intensive and more Council of WUA Council meeting and efficient agriculture could Follow the provision of WUA member generate conflicts between big WUA Charter. meetings farms and small ones, groups Transparency in decision of farmers and individuals, etc. making Gender imbalance Inform both men and CIS Jora de Jos Periodically (during WUA Admin WUA costs WUA women about what the the working / Council
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Type of Impact and Potential Mitigation measures Location Timing Supervising agency Cost Executing agency Negative Impact gender balance is and the management benefit of applying it. meetings)
Empowering women and girls
Improving access to education for women and girls. Gender inequity in access to Raise and discuss the issue CIS Jora de Jos Re-current task with General Assembly WUA Costs WUA water, decision-making, with the Administrative special topic during of WUA Administrative management of WUA, plots Council of WUA the meetings of Council consolidation issues, etc. WUA Follow the provision of Administrative WUA Charter. Council
Transparency in decision making Limited leadership of women Providing women with CIS Jora de Jos Re-current task with General Assembly WUA Costs WUA in CIS / WUA management opportunities to take the special topic during of WUA Administrative lead in managing WUA, the meetings of Council CIS WUA Administrative Council Threat of TiP, HIV/Aids and Preventing measures: Villages Jora de Jos During the lifetime WUA, Local WUA costs WUA STD awareness, information on Jora de Mijloc, Jora of the irrigation Authorities STI, HIV/SIDA among de Sus, system local risk groups (youth Lopatna,.Vascauti mainly) Child labor as a result of Awareness about legal Villages Jora de Jos, Periodically (during WUA Admin WUA costs WUA increased demand for labor responsibility Jora de Mijloc, Jora the working / Council, Labor force and limited capacity of WUA Code of Conduct de Sus, Lopatna, management Inspection the villages to provide it. signed by each WUA Vascauti meetings) member, Transfer to modern, labor saving agro- technologies. Pesticide use as a threat to Follow the Instruction from CIS Jora de Jos During the State Phyto-sanitary Farmers own costs WUA
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Type of Impact and Potential Mitigation measures Location Timing Supervising agency Cost Executing agency Negative Impact human and environmental Product Safety Sheet during vegetation season inspection, WUA health the use.
Appropriate storage of the As above The whole year As above pesticide stock Gender imbalance Inform both men and Villages Jora de Jos, Periodically (during WUA Admin WUA costs WUA women about what the Jora de Mijloc, Jora the working / Council gender balance is and the de Sus, Lopatna, management benefit of applying it. Vascauti meetings) Empowering women and girls. Improving access to education for women and girls. Child labor Awareness about legal Villages Jora de Jos, Periodically (during WUA Admin WUA responsibility Jora de Mijloc, Jora the working / Council, Labor WUA WUA Code of Conduct de Sus, Lopatna, management Inspection signed by each WUA Vascauti meetings) member
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Annex B: Monitoring Plan
WHERE is the WHEN is the WHOM to report to WHAT parameter is to HOW is the parameter to be WHO is to monitor parameter to be parameter to be Cost (decision making be monitored monitored the parameter monitored monitored institutions) Construction Phase – Health and (HS) CC training (for At the training Engineer HS officer as Before commencement Engineer, WUA, CC costs MCA-Moldova workers) on Health, venue observer at training to check of work on site Labor Inspection Occupational Safety, number of trainees and how Environment the subject of training was disclosed.
HS requirements On Site Inspection to check briefing Weekly, immediately Engineer, WUA, Engineer’s costs MCA-Moldova compliance (logistics) for workers’ team, before wok shifts Labor Inspection Information Board on Site starts. Unannounced and Daily HS risks assessed check. and risks marked on HS Risk Matrix / risks location marked on site sketch. Matrix / sketch pinned on Board
HS requirements On site Inspection to check Log, List Weekly as an Engineer, WUA, Engineer’s costs MCA-Moldova compliance of workers, Visitors Log, unannounced Labor Inspection, (documentation and ESMP, Emergency Response inspection. Department of equipment ) Plan (including fire), Emergency Accident Log, Emergency Situations Car present on site, PPE, works permits. etc as required by Regulation regarding the Organization of the occupational safety activities at working place and risks prevention approved by Governmental Decision # 95 of 05.02.2009 – Monitorul Official, #34-36, 2009, art. 138 ______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 65 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
WHERE is the WHEN is the WHOM to report to WHAT parameter is to HOW is the parameter to be WHO is to monitor parameter to be parameter to be Cost (decision making be monitored monitored the parameter monitored monitored institutions) Occupational safety On site Works permits according to Before works starts Engineer, WUA CC costs MCA-Moldova the legal list of permits. – Engineer will require the photocopy of permits annexed to the CC Work Program. Randomly Engineer, Labor Presence of PPE equipment Inspection, (respirators, gloves, glasses, Department for coverall, etc.) Emergency Compliance with labor safety Situations. requirements. Fire – fighting equipment. When required Number of occupational accidents - documentary General working On site Field Inspection to check Before works starts Engineer, Labor Engineer’s costs MCA-Moldova condition Camp Site, Sanitation, etc. Inspection Construction Phase – Environment Soil quality and On site Field inspections to check When deemed Engineer, WUA, Engineer’s costs, MCA-Moldova pollution application of soil protective necessary Local Ecological Local Ecological measures application (use of Inspection Inspection costs roads, minimizing heavy machinery on fertile soil, segregation of soil fertile 70 cm top soil vs. the soil beneath during excavation)
Field inspection to track oil When deemed Engineer, WUA Engineer’s costs, MCA-Moldova and fuel spills on soil necessary Local Ecological Inspection costs
Field inspection to check the When deemed Engineer, WUA Engineer’s costs, MCA-Moldova segregated stockpiling of necessary Local Ecological excavated soil and backfilling Inspection the trenches. operational
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WHERE is the WHEN is the WHOM to report to WHAT parameter is to HOW is the parameter to be WHO is to monitor parameter to be parameter to be Cost (decision making be monitored monitored the parameter monitored monitored institutions) budget Potential Soil loss On site Field Inspection followed by Agreed date Engineer, WUA Engineer cost MCA-Moldova, during pressure test time matching of pressure (monthly reports) test
Acoustic: Noise On site Aurally & Measurement of During the work of CC & Local Centre CC costs, MCA-Moldova, (measure the level of ) dB level heavy machinery for Public Health. Centre for Public (monthly reports) CC will keep the Health register with records operational of noise level budget. registered on site.
Air quality: use of On the Visually & Dust measuring Unannounced CC self-monitoring CC costs. Centre MCA Moldova, sprays and tracks hauls construction site Inspection & When with records to for Public Health cover liner use to calm deemed necessary Register. operational down the dust and Centre for Public budget. minimize dust spread Health
Waste handling On the Check of permits for damping Before work starts and Engineer, Local Engineer’s costs, MCA-Moldova, construction site the waste at the local during the work when Ecological Local Ecological authorized damp site deemed necessary. Inspection Inspection costs. Field inspections to check During construction conditions of wastes disposals - visually - field inspection to check During construction conditions of construction materials storage - visually During construction -Field inspections to check timely removal of wastes – visually & documentary Hazardous wastes On the Check of permits for disposal Before work starts Engineer, Local Engineer Cost MCA-Moldova, (asbestos - 21 cross construction site of hazardous waste at the Ecological section of asbestos pipes authorized damp site Inspection, Local and removed from walls - Conditions of hazardous Public Health Centre and metal structure lead wastes disposals - visually Before work starts containing paintings) - Conditions of sites where As above As above
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WHERE is the WHEN is the WHOM to report to WHAT parameter is to HOW is the parameter to be WHO is to monitor parameter to be parameter to be Cost (decision making be monitored monitored the parameter monitored monitored institutions) management hazardous wastes are stored -visually - timely removal of hazardous wastes – visually & documentary Terrestrial biodiversity On the Inspections ( biodiversity Periodically during the Engineer , WUAs, No additional MCA-Moldova, MSU construction site protection issue to be works and mandatory Local Ecological costs (Monthly reports) mentioned by site manager before Site Acceptance Inspector during the briefing before Document signed and work shift) before Site document signed Underground water According to Sampling form wells. Float During the construction CC (Sub-contracted CC costs12 AgeoM level and quality ВСН 33-2.1.05- method level measurement. phase right after the licensed company) 90 the density of installment of wells drilling the and before CIS monitoring wells handover to WUA should be 1 well / 2 square kilometers
Aquatic biodiversity On the Inspections to assure During the installation Engineer, State Fish Engineer’s costs, MCA construction site installation of fish protection of the filer cartridges inspection State Fish structure in line with the Inspection design operational costs
Inspection to assure that the During the dikes As above As above As above SP-1 and SP-2 dikes were reinforcement works reinforced according to design
Silt removal technology On site Secure that the less harmful Before silt removal As above As above As above to biota technology is used works start
Construction Phase – Social Parameters
12 Drilling costs provided in Annex C, table 3 ______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 68 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
WHERE is the WHEN is the WHOM to report to WHAT parameter is to HOW is the parameter to be WHO is to monitor parameter to be parameter to be Cost (decision making be monitored monitored the parameter monitored monitored institutions) Local work power CIS Jora de Jos Check documentation, Issue reported weekly WUA, Engineer No costs MCA-Moldova employed Mandatory issue to be to Engineer reported by CC
Number of meetings, CIS Jora de Jos Training reports Monthly Engineer, WUAs CC cost MCA-Moldova seminar, booklets, etc. on social risks mitigation (breaching local way of life, child labor use, trafficking in persons/drugs, STD) conducted with workers and locals. Number of accidents on CIS Jora de Jos Check documentations Monthly and/or when Engineer. No costs MCA Moldova site and off-site (accident report format), deemed necessary or interviews with upon occurrence. representatives of local authorities and WUAs Handover of the Site The terms stipulated in On site Visit on site – visual After completion of Joint inspection: CC, No costs MCA-Moldova Site Delivery Document inspection. works Engineer, WUA (local road conditions, Director, Central or clean-up of site, wastes Local enforcement on site, etc.) institutions Operational Phase – Health and Safety General rules of HS WUA Office Relevant documentations as Yearly Labor Inspection Labor Inspection - required by Regulation costs regarding the Organization of the occupational safety activities at working place and risks prevention approved by Governmental Decision # 95 of 05.02.2009 – Monitorul Official, #34-36, 2009, art. 138 Operational Phase - Environment ______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 69 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
WHERE is the WHEN is the WHOM to report to WHAT parameter is to HOW is the parameter to be WHO is to monitor parameter to be parameter to be Cost (decision making be monitored monitored the parameter monitored monitored institutions) Amount of water used / Pumping station Inspection to check whether During the irrigation WUA technical staff WUA running AM, Bureau of Energy consumption water withdrawal registers season costs Statistics (Special ratio are properly kept Report on Water Use)
Soil quality: agro- Sample taken Soil quality parameters by Different: depending Authorized WUAs costs15 Not applicable hydro- physical and from selected field tests / Laboratory tests13 on the parameter to be laboratories (RCAP, physico-chemical sample points of monitored14 Institute of properties of the soils 2011 Soil Pedology, etc.) Studies
Level of soil moisture Within the Using tensiometers Daily during the Farmers Amortization WUA Administrative command area. vegetation period costs Council (establishment of irrigation schedules)
Groundwater level and CIS Jora de Jos Water level measured (float Once a year. WUA WUA costs16 AGeoM quality monitoring wells method) and sample Annual measurement collected by local WUA should occur at the designated staff same season each year and avoid periods of Water samples sent to prolonged drought or authorized laboratory for intense rainfall. analysis (Institute of Geology Water level measured and Seismology, RCAP, before and after the Hidrometeo) irrigation season.
The effectiveness of fish SP-1 SP-2 ends According to the existing Yearly : April – May & Institute of Zoology WUA Costs17 State Fish Inspection protection structure of intake pipes methods (before the filtration September-October or State Enterprises structure and after) during first 5 Year, Acvacultura
13 List of parameters to be monitored is provided in Annex C, table 2 14 As above 15 Cost of soil quality monitoring is provided in Annex C, table 2
16 Costs for underground water analysis are provided in Annex C, table 3 17 Cost of measurement of efficiency of fish protection structures should be determined by authorized institution (Institute of Zoology) on the basis of legal provisions (officially approved methodology) ______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 70 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
WHERE is the WHEN is the WHOM to report to WHAT parameter is to HOW is the parameter to be WHO is to monitor parameter to be parameter to be Cost (decision making be monitored monitored the parameter monitored monitored institutions) then once per 5 year. Surface water quality Up-stream and Field sampling and laboratory As it will be specified Local Centre for Centre for Public Not applicable (bacteriology: down stream the tests in line with Hygienic in Hygienic Sanitary Public Health Health Costs pathogenic factors) water intakes Regulation on protection of permit pipes, water bodies against accumulation pollution no 06.6.3.23 dated basins 03.07. 1997 approved by Chief Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Moldova.
Surface water pollution Up-stream and According to the GOST Once a year before the 280-300 lei / Authorized To the authorized (hydrochemistry: pH, down stream the 26449.1-85 irrigation season parameter laboratory persons having the smell, temperature, water intakes (April) (RCAP, Geolab, mandate to make suspended solids, Ca, pipes Academy of conclusion on Na, Mg, K, chlorides, Science, suitability of water for sulfates, hydro- Department of irrigation (RCAP, carbonates, carbonates, Pedology Institute of Pedology, hardness, solid residue, Department of ions sum, irrigation Pedology, etc.) indicators)
Operational – Social Child labor, level of CIS Jora de Jos Anonymouse questionnaires, 6 months after MCA-Moldova, STD, cases of local/regional medical construction ends MSU of AM trafficking in persons / statistics, data from police drugs, number of (no names, just trends) registered AIDS infected. Social and gender CIS Jora de Jos Express social assessments One year after and MCA-Moldova Tbi impact evaluation every third year after (during the the start of operational Compact) , MSU of phase AM
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Annex C. Mitigation and Monitoring Costs The costs for environmental and social mitigation measures cost to be undertaken by CC as well as by other actors involved are based on the prices (VAT included) for June 2012. It should be noted that the prices can change in time. Costs breakdown are provided in the table below: Table 1 Breakdown costs for environmental and social impact mitigation measure Unit Nr of Mitigation measure Purpose Unit Total, lei price, lei Units ENVIRONMENT – Construction phase Contain oil /fuel/ 1. Spill tray item - - - other spills Contain oil /fuel/ 2. Absorbent litre - - - other spills 3. Asbestos works and lead containing - - - paintings P100 Particulate Filter Respirator Lung protection item - - - Spare cartridges item - - - Disposable mask with P2 filters Item - - - EN143 Disposable coverall Skin protection Item - - - Wetting asbestos Four Gallons (12 litres) Sprayer item - - - cont. surfaces HEPA vacuum cleaner 3 mkm Dry or wet collection Item - - - particulates 99,97% of particulate Bagging asbestos debris /(brushed old Asbestos Disposal Bags lead containing Item - - - paintings from walls of pumping stations Warning signs Zoning the site item - - - Decontamination Unit (tent, camp Asbestos pollution item - - - emergency shower, first aid kit, etc.) control Compensate trees’ 4. Trees planting cutting around the item - - - dike Repopulation with 5. Compensation for fish damage item 255,001 fish SUB-TOTAL ENVIRONMENT - - - SOCIAL – Construction Phase Activities related to implementation of TIP, STD, Gender Plans, HS Plan (seminars, meeting, social events, - - - information materials, booklets, flyers, etc)
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Unit Nr of Mitigation measure Purpose Unit Total, lei price, lei Units SUB-TOTAL SOCIAL - - - TOTAL CONSTRUCTION - - - ENVIRONMENT – Operational Phase Water consumption 1. Use of water meters - - - - control Schedule irrigation 2. Use of tensiomenters * (avoid over- - - irrigation) Measure soil Tensiometer, 12 inch long** item - - - moisture Measure soil Tensiometer, 4 ft long** item - - - moisture Tensiometer tool-kit item - - - Repopulate the water 1m3 water 3. Yearly compensation for fish damage - - - with fish (breeding) used Implementation of Integrated Pest Plant protection tbi - - - Management Implementation of HS Plan Occupational safety Tbi - - - SUB-TOTAL OPERATIONAL - - - GRAND TOTAL - - - -
* - with good care the tensiometer will work properly 2 years., ** - to secure better control over the soil moisture level there should be a couple of tensiometers forming a measurement poin on the filed: one measuring the soil moisture at up to 20-15 cm depth and another one at the depth of the roots ends (depending on crop cultivated); *** - per one soil type there will be one tensiometer’s measurement point installed Table 2. Cost breakdown for Soil Monitoring activities – Operational Phase Number Cost per Frequency of of Number one sample analysis Total within Number of Parameter to samples of Frequency analysis within 15 15 years sampling be monitored from one analysis / of analysis (including years monitoring points sample field tests sample monitoring cycle, MDL point preparation) cycle 1 2 3 4 [2 * 3] 5 6 7 8 [4*6*7] Twice per Apparent Soil year (April, 4** 7*** 28 - - - Density* September)
Once in 5 year End of Field Capacity 4 16 64 - - - crops rotation cycle**** Composition 4 7 28 As above - - -
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Number Cost per Frequency of of Number one sample analysis Total within Number of Parameter to samples of Frequency analysis within 15 15 years sampling be monitored from one analysis / of analysis (including years monitoring points sample field tests sample monitoring cycle, MDL point preparation) cycle 1 2 3 4 [2 * 3] 5 6 7 8 [4*6*7] of soil aqueous extract pH 4 7 28 As above - - - Absorbed cations 4 7 28 As above - - -
Carbonates 4 7 28 As above - - - Soil Once in 15 Microstructure 4 7 28 - - - year TOTAL for 15 years monitoring cycle, lei - Yearly AVERAGE within 15 years moitoring cycle, lei - * - Must be measured yearly before and after vegetation period; ** - equal to the number of soil classes identified in the Jora de Jos Irrigation Massif; *** - standard number of samples taken from a soil profile; **** - assuming 5 main crops in Jora de Jos CIS. Table 3. Cost breakdown for Underground Water Monitoring Activities
What to be Where to be How to be Who is to Total per Phase When Cost, lei measured measured measured measure year, lei n o
i Calcium - - t c u r t
s Magnesium - - n
o Right after C Sodium the - - Hardness monitoring - - Reference wells are set Authorized Authorized Sulfates methods in and before accredited - - laboratory laboratory the handing laboratory Carbohydrates over the CIS - - to WUA (6 Chlorines - - wells) Nitrates - - Mineralization - - Conductivity On site and Express Right after CC - - lab tester the network environmental is set and staff will
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What to be Where to be How to be Who is to Total per Phase When Cost, lei measured measured measured measure year, lei
then sample 6 pH monthly – 6 - - wells wells
CC Before and environmental Water level On site Float after staff will - - construction measure all 6 wells
Right after the monitoring Reference Authorized Authorized wells are set Oil product methods in accredited - - laboratory and before laboratory laboratory the handing over the CIS to WUA
Right after the moni- toring wells Reference Authorized Authorized are set and Pesticides methods in accredited - - laboratory before the laboratory laboratory handing over the CIS to WUA Analysis costs (sampling cost - - included), lei (CC Costs) Drilling of wells, lei / meter (including man-power and transport) - - Average depth of drilling in Jora de Jos area, m 15 - Nr of wells 6 - Cost of drilling, lei (CC costs) - - TOTAL MONITORING -CONSTRUCTION PHASE - - l
a Authorized Reference Annually Authorized n Calcium - - o i
t laboratory methods in accredited a r laboratory laboratory
e Magnesium - - p O Sodium - - Hardness - - Sulfates - -
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What to be Where to be How to be Who is to Total per Phase When Cost, lei measured measured measured measure year, lei
Carbohydrates - - Chlorines - - Nitrates - - Mineralization - -
Conductivity On site and Express - - Monthly WUA staff pH lab tester - - Before and Water level On site float after irriga- WUA staff - - tion season Authorized Reference Oil products Lab Annually accredited - - method laboratory Authorized Reference Pesticides Lab Annually accredited - - methods laboratory TOTAL OPERATIONAL (sampling and analysis), lei - -
* Costs were provided by Institute of Geology and Seismology “Geolab” laboratory and private drilling companies
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Annex D. Guidelines For Handling Non-Friable Asbestos-Containing Waste
1. GENERAL GUIDELINES AND SCOPE OF WORK 1.1 Introduction These guidelines provide the background on handling asbestos-containing waste that may be found during construction under the MCA-Moldova Compact. This document covers training of workers, site assessment and identification of asbestos-containing waste, handling, pretreatment and disposal of asbestos-containing material (ACM). These guidelines are applicable to CC personnel and any other who are at the work site and may contact with ACM. Procedures presented within this document apply to situations where asbestos containing material (ACM) will be removed or otherwise handled is such a way that it will become disturbed. Where ACMs are identified the CC shall consider the following: The amount of ACM that may be disturbed could impact the applicability of this document. If the planned work will disturb less than one square meter (1 m2) of ACM, the CC will not be required to use special handling procedures. However, even if only small amounts of asbestos are present, reasonable precautions should be taken including the use of worker PPE, wetting to limit dust generation, and bagging the materials. This document is intended to provide guidance and practices to be used for the removal of asbestos containing material (ACM). The procedures presented are not intended to meet specific regulatory requirements but rather are intended to meet the intent of best work and management practices as it relates to ACM removal. This is accomplished by achieving two project goals accordingly: Protection of workers – This includes proper training, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and specialized work practices to prevent workers performing ACM removal from being exposed to asbestos. Protection of future occupants – It is the intent of the abatement to remove both visual and microscopic asbestos from the subject work areas in a manner that will not result in residual fibers which could lead to exposure of workers or others. The following constitutes a general guideline and the items listed are specific to the ACM-related activities. In addition to the items in these Guidelines, the CC is expected to abide by all related local laws, rules, and regulations in the Republic of Moldova. This document provides guidance and technical information for the removal of ACM that is non- friable and this guidance applies only to work performed outside of buildings. For the purpose of this report, the term “friable” means that ACM can be crumbled or pulverized by hand pressure. Furthermore, if material that is non-friable in its present condition but is likely to become friable during removal then it is to be considered as friable in so far as following appropriate procedures and the CC may need to implement additional procedures. This document is intended as an integral part of the construction works.
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1.2 Preparation / Removal CC shall provide site security during the hours when Supervisor, workers, and all subcontractors (i.e. demolition and disposal personnel) are on site, and at all times when access to removed ACMs is not otherwise restricted. During ACM removal works, from preparation to final clearance, access to the associated work areas and buildings should be strictly prohibited. Only persons duly authorized by the CC shall be permitted in buildings and areas where ACM removal works are performed. ACM debris shall be immediately wetted with amended water and bagged in adequate poly bags, and shall not be permitted to accumulate on the ground. Amended water is defined as water with a chemical surfactant added to it in order to increase the ability of it to penetrate and wet asbestos fibers. In the event that a commercial product specifically intended for this use is not available, the CC may add a liquid detergent (such as dish soap) to water at a ratio of approximately 1 part soap to 200 parts water. Care should be taken to not add too much soap as this could create a slip hazard on the work site. 1.3 Worker Protection The purpose of this section is to describe procedures to be followed to prevent exposure of workers of the CC to asbestos fibers. This is achieved through a combination of training, equipment and procedures. The material described in this section is applicable to removal of non- friable material. While engaged in ACM removal activities workers shall be prohibited from smoking. Smoking exacerbates ACM-related health issues and shall be strongly discouraged on the work site. Employees shall be advised of the extreme health risks of smoking on the work site –especially when ACM-related activities are underway. 1.3.1 Training Workers of the CC performing removal of asbestos shall undergo on-site training by a competent person (e.g., CC’s Environmental & Social and Health & Safety Manager). The training shall include both lecture and hands on demonstrations. The training shall cover at a minimum: Identifying Asbestos o Materials that contain asbestos o Friable and Non-friable o Types of asbestos Health effects o Lung cancer, asbestosis, mesothelioma Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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o Respiratory protection o Protective Clothing o Fit tests Abatement o Removal methods o Disposing of debris o Decontamination Final Clean o Cleaning the work area o Removing the poly o Disposing of debris during removal 1.3.2 Equipment The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is a critical element to preventing exposure to asbestos fibers while it is being removed. Furthermore, the use of amended water and High- Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) equipped vacuums will greatly reduce the chance of fibers becoming airborne. The following list and descriptions of equipment shall be used while removing asbestos. PPE will be provided by the CC. The use of PPE shall be followed by the CC regardless of the state (friable or non-friable) or condition of the ACM. Respirators – Half-face negative pressure air purifying respirators with a P-100 cartridge or equivalent shall be used. The types of respirators and their use shall be in accordance with current manufacturer’s specifications as well as international occupational safety and health regulations. Designated or Disposable Clothing – Workers handling ACM shall either use disposable work suits or shall use clothing that is designated only to be worn inside the work area. HEPA vacuum – The CC shall make use of HEPA equipped vacuums to remove loose ACM-containing construction dust and debris. In the event that a HEPA equipped vacuum is not available, CC may make use of damp cloths to wipe down surfaces. UNDER NO CONDITION IS DRY SWEEPING ALLOWED WITHIN A WORK AREA!!!. 2. ABATEMENT OF NON-FRIABLE ACM 2.1 General procedures The following general procedures shall be used at all times when removing or handling ACM: Preparation of amended water – The CC shall use a water tank of sufficient volume to mix liquid soap with water at a ratio of 1:200 (soap-to-water) and adequately agitate it.
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Use of amended water – ACM shall be kept damp (but not saturated) by spraying of amended water on ACMs during the remediation procedure. Fibers that are damp are less likely to become airborne than those that are dry. Proper disposal – ACM shall not be allowed to accumulate on the floor of the work area. Damp ACM shall be placed directly into appropriate disposal bags. Prohibition of dry sweeping – the use of dry sweeping will cause fibers to become airborne and migrate throughout the building. Under no conditions is dry sweeping to be allowed. The use of HEPA vacuums and/or damp cloth wiping shall be used. 2.1.2 Work Place Isolation If working inside of closed area, the preparation of the work area for the removal of the non- friable ACM shall consist of the following: Critical barriers consisting of a single layer of 6 mil polyethylene where potential breakages may occur (i.e. vents or openings to a building such as windows, doors, vents, roof fan vents). One layer of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting shall be the minimum protection on walls or other surfaces that would be difficult to clean near areas where ACM are expected to be cut, broken into pieces, and otherwise produce potentially harmful dust or particles. 2.1.3 Work Procedures ACM shall be removed in a manner that will not result in breakage or abrasion. ACM shall be kept damp with amended water and shall not be subject to impacts by power tools. In the event that nails or screws need to be removed in order to remove the ACM, the area of the fastener shall be sprayed with amended water, and a HEPA vacuum if available shall be used while the fastener is being removed. The following methods are anticipated to be sufficient to complete this project: Removal of ACM panels intact – Panels that are held in place with clips or by gravity shall be removed intact and placed directly into disposal bags or wrapped in plastic. Removal of screwed in panels – Panels held on by screws shall be removed by wetting the screw heads with amended water and backing out the screw. Following the removal of the screw, the hole shall be damp cloth cleaned using amended water. Removal of riveted panels – Panels held on by rivets shall be removed by use of a hand tool to break the rivet, and if absolutely necessary, the panel itself. The use of amended water is imperative so as to reduce the generation of asbestos fibers. The CC shall perform this in a manner to minimize the amount of breakage of the panels. In addition, if the blind side of the rivet can be accessed, it may be possible to drill out the rivets without touching the asbestos panel or tile. For example, if the rivet passed through an asbestos panel and a metal support, the expanded end of the rivet could be removed from beneath the metal support by drilling out the end of the rivet. If the size of the drill bit is
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larger than the diameter of the body of the rivet, there is little danger that the drill bit would pass through the metal support. ACM removed, including clothes and other disposable materials used in a removal process, shall be placed directly into 6-mil poly bags and these bags shall be handled accordingly: Tightly seal the bag or wrap so as to create an air tight seal. Wipe down the outside of the bag or wrap using a cloth and amended water. Remove the bag from the work area and place in a designated storage location. Under no circumstance shall ACM be allowed to accumulate on the work area floor or be allowed to dry out. 2.1.4 Decontamination The CC shall provide wash facilities either connected to the work area or within close proximity. The facilities shall include an area where workers can change out of their PPE, thoroughly wash head to toe and then change into either street clothes or clean work clothes. Bags of waste ACM shall be cleaned using damp cloth and HEPA vacuum if available and placed into a second bag prior to leaving the work area. Disposal of non-friable ACM will be in accordance with section 2.1.5 of this document. 2.1.5 Disposal Bags of waste ACM as well as waste PPE or other materials that were located within the work area shall be stored in a manner that will prevent rupture of bags. Permanent onsite disposal of ACM discovered or disturbed during construction is considered to be an acceptable practice. ACM shall be disposed of in the following manner which will prevent or otherwise reduce the chance of future disturbance. Encasement with concrete or asphalt-concrete mixture in a manner that will prevent the future disturbance of waste. Concrete encasement shall be buried at least 1 meter underground and covered with soil. The concrete encasements should be marked with a permanent, weatherproof warning sign that may be buried on or embedded in the top of the concrete (e.g., stamped, non- corrodible sheet metal, perhaps covered in plastic). The intent is to make anyone who excavates the concrete at some future time aware that the concrete contains asbestos material so that the concrete is not pulverized during removal. Ideally, each concrete capsule would be of a size that facilitates future removal (e.g., 1 meter cubes). In addition, the inclusion of lifting hooks embedded in the concrete would greatly facilitate any future removal. Amended water will be sprayed on in quantities to avoid the creation of standing water or other wastewater.
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Annex E. Jora de Jos Irrigation Area Soil Study Will be attached as a hard copy to the printed copy of the ESMP Jora de Jos
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Annex F. Surface Water Quality Study Will be attached as a hard copy to the printed copy of the ESMP Jora de Jos
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Annex G. Fish damage calculations for Jora de Jos irrigation system water intake from the Nistru River Will be attached as a hard copy to the printed copy of the ESMP Jora de Jos
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Annex H. Jora de Jos Command Area Underground Water Level and Quality Irrigation massif in the Nistru River valley
General characteristics of groundwater Geological survey prior to commencement of irrigation projects in the Dniester River valley began in 60’s of 20th century. That time, specialized entity "Hydrogeology Team" under the Ministry of Water Management of the Soviet Republic of Moldova carried out the research towards identifying the soil condition, soil type and salinity as well as seasonality, quality and levels of groundwater. All these was aimed at determine the suitability of soils for irrigations. Conducted research has shown that the soil is suitable for irrigation. Within the reference period, i.e. since 1970, the area of concern was irrigated by drip irrigation or rain type irrigation. Irrigation status during the reference period was estimated for each year as being good one. Soil salinity was found as very low one or not saline at all. Aquifers of stratigraphic subdivisions are common throughout the territory, but alluvial aquifer (first aquifer from the surface) has a major role in irrigation. One should also take into account the interaction between the first horizon and deep groundwater aquifers. The first phreatic horizon is scattered throughout the river and its tributaries valleys, watersheds of interfluve and slopes. Groundwater flow direction depends on geological structure, and the flow is directed from the North to South and Southwest. However, in relation to landscape fragmentation, general flow is divided into zones with specific hydrodynamic properties. The groundwater flow in this area is oriented from higher altitude toward the lower ones (in river valley) and is determined by the local denudation base. Groundwater in watershed areas occurs only after rainfalls; on slopes - after rainfalls and due to infiltration from aquifers located in lower meadows; additionally, slopes may be infiltrated by the Badenian-Sarmatian aquifer complex. Groundwater pouring occurs as small springs flow and as outpouring of other aquifers in the river and stream floodplains. Alluvial aquifer depends on water level in the river and streams. This aquifer is supplied with water from the river, at a time when their water level is maximum and minimum (during the reversed process). Groundwater flow velocity is low and depends on the filtration capacity of aquifer rocks. Filtration coefficient of sandy clays and clays ranges from 0.01 to 0.50 m per day. Sand and gravel filtration coefficient varies between 0.58 to 1.8 m per day, however, sometimes can be more than 2.3 to 20.0 m per day. Groundwater flow velocity is enhancing on steep slopes as compared to watershed and valley. Drainage conditions of irrigated lands depend on pressure gradient. Groundwater conditions depend on weather conditions: precipitation, evaporation and temperature. Groundwater system depends directly on rainfalls. Groundwater levels increase during snowmelt or heavy rains and decreases during dry periods. Groundwater levels can vary from 0.14 up to 4.2 m.
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Groundwater levels depend on relief and altitude. Maximum depth of the water table is greater than 10 meters in watershed areas with the highest levels of relief. Sometimes in areas where the clay layer is near the surface, aquifer horizons occur sporadically, with groundwater levels of 3 to 5 m in river valleys, and river is a groundwater discharge area where its level is minimal. Groundwater mineralization is within a broad range from 0.5 to 5.3 grams per liter. Groundwater mineralization between 0.5 to 1.0 grams per liter is common in the highest areas of watershed. The chemical composition of groundwater is magnesium-carbonate and magnesium-calcium- sodium. Groundwater mixing water with higher salinity occurs in lower valleys. Dissolution of slightly soluble salts (sulfates) increases the mineralization to 2.0 grams per liter, and sometimes - up to 3.0 grams per liter. Chemical composition changes to sodium and calcium-sulphate- magnesium carbonate. Water mixed carbonate-sulfate anions are encountered rarely. Alluvial waters in rivers and streams have mineralization ranging from 1.0 and up to 3.0 grams per liter. Sometimes, it can be greater than 5.0 grams per liter. Chemical composition of water changes from carbonate-sulfate type to sulfate one. Cationic composition is sodium-magnesium or magnesium-sodium. In the first from the surface aquifer, anion composition has a specific dependency upon mineralization. Increased mineralization of anions leads to the following changes: from class- -2 HCO3 - SO 4 to class HCO3 - SO4 and further, to SO4 class. Cation distribution is not fixed. Only high levels of magnesium occur in this aquifer. Varied mineralization can be explained by the difference permeability parameters of the rocks and stagnation regime of groundwater flow. Sometimes, around the wells, one can detect difference in mineralization. This phenomenon can be explained by the difference of diffusion properties of rocks. Drainage water exchange and fragmentation depend on the geological structure. The more landscape is dissected, the more intensive is velocity and exchange of water. Such conditions are favorable for formation of good quality groundwater. Groundwater is susceptible to evaporation. Places where groundwater depth is less than 2.0 m, are characterized by intense evaporation, increased soil moisture and high salinity. In the river valleys and springs, water type changes from hydrocarbonate type to sulfate one. Lithology, mineral composition, redox properties also significantly affect groundwater hydro-chemical conditions. Carbonates and sulfates with low solubility saturate groundwater percolation process. Aquifers located at the depth have a more stable hydro-system and higher quality of aquifer parameters. First groundwater horizon is very sensitive to human impact. Mineralization increased at the expense of presence of nitrates and nitrites is an indicator of negative anthropogenic impact. Exchange and increased nitrogen and phosphate mineralization may be linked to domestic livestock and fertilizers use, POPs sites; heavy metals and other contaminants were not found in significant concentrations in groundwater. Jora de Jos irrigation massifs In the lower Jora area, irrigation is applied since 1965. Massif’s conditions are favorable for irrigation. The soil is characterized by good drainage; depth of groundwater level is more than 10
______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 86 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova m, except Jora de Jos western sector where groundwater depth ranges from 5 to 10 m; annual average groundwater level is greater than 5 m..
Fig. 1
Location of the Lopatna (1, 2) and Jora de Jos (1, 3).irrigation massifs
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According to unified stratigraphic principles of the Moldavian artesian basin [7], within the study there was revealed a complex of alluvial deposits aquifer with eopleistocen-Pleistocene age (AE- QIII) - Lopatna sectors 1, 2, Jora de Jos 1, 3. Aquifer with Super Pliocene alluvial deposits (aN23) is spread on the lower Jora 2. Eocene deposits of alluvial groundwater - Upper Pleistocene are united in one complex aquifer, taking into account the nature of their distribution, similar conditions of formation and homogeneous lithological composition. It is assigned to IX terrace of the Nistru River. Rock aquifers are sandy clays, clayey sands, sands and gravel and sand deposits with gravel. They are placed horizontally or inclined, depending on fundamentals terraces. Deposits aquifer thickness changes from 1.5 to 22 m, average thickness is 6 m (Figure 2). Alluvial deposits of the terraces (AE-QIII) rocks based on low and middle Sarmatian sandy-clay (Volhinan and Bessarabian). Aquifer terrace deposits depend on lithology, degree of permeability and porosity of the rock foundation. In some places, terrace deposits are drained (wells 67 and 132 next to village of Vîşcăuţi). Depth of groundwater occurrence often greater than 10.0 m, sometimes, from 5.0 to 10.0 m. After settlement of the complex aquifer conditions, water is not under pressure. Aquiferity of the complex is not high. It depends on lithology rock aquifers. Springs flow ranges between 0.03 liter per second (spring in s.Vîşcăuţi) and 0.2 liters per second. Flows to the pumping wells are not important and do not exceed 0.1 liter per second. Flow samples change in the range of 0.001 and 0.3 liters per second at a depth from 0.5 and 17.2 meters, respectively. Filter coefficient varies from 0.29 to 1.6 meters per day, conductivity - from 1.39 to 6.08 m2 per day (Vascauti village). Practically everywhere, the groundwater are fresh with mineralization values greater than 1.0 grams per liter. By its chemism, the water composition is carbonate to sodium and magnesium sulfate-sodium hydrogen carbonate. Often anions and cations composition is mixed and uneven. Normally, nitrates are detected in water but in water sampled in Jora de Jos area, nitrates were not found. Total hardness ranges from 4.3 to 11.95 milligram equivalents per liter. Kurlov formula for the Jora de Jos area is the following: HCO 76NO 10SO 7Cl7 M 0.76 3 3 4 pH 7,8 Mg58Ca25(Na K)17 against the one for the Vâşcăuţi village: Cl38HCO 32SO 6 M 0.5 3 4 pH 7,9 (Na K)48Ca30Mg22
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Fig. 2 Level of groundwater in Lopatna 1, 2 and Jora de Jos 1 -3 irrigation massifs (years 1980 – 1992).
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The aquifer recharge area coincides with aquifer spread. Groundwater occurs through rainfall infiltration and water flow through the complex located upward in relief. In some small areas, aquifers occurs from water flowing through the Bessarabian deposits (middle Sarmatian). Dynamic groundwater flow occurs in two main directions - from higher to lower terraces and then alongside the valleys . These directions are not always clear; groundwater motion is complicated and affected by irrigation and drainage activities, and by variabilty of physico- chemical properties of aquifers rocks. Discharges occur in alluvial deposits located down the slope, lower Sarmatian limestones and meddle Sarmatian sands and higher, and as rivers and streams into the valleys of rivers. Observations over the groundwater regime [7] showed that it very much depend on the season and rainfall amount. The amplitude of water level variation was within 0.2 to 1.0 m. Groundwater mineralization during the year changes slightly. Upper Pliocene alluvial deposits aquifer Complex (аN23) is spread in the lower Jora 2; it is assigned to alluvial deposits of the Nistru River’s terrace XII. Rock aquifers are represented by sands with intercalations of clay, with the inclusion of gravel and sandy clay. The average thickness of the aquifer deposits is 1.5 to 8.0 m. The mid and upper Sarmatian clays and sands form the basis of the aquifer complex (Bessarabian and Hersonian). The groundwater of this region are not under pressure. Depth levels range from 5.0 to 10.0 and more than 10.0 m. The water saturation of the complex is low. The debit of springs flow 1.5 liters per second, the debit of shallow wells, usually do not exceed 0.5 liters per second. Filtration coefficient was determined as varying from 0.04 to 0.16 meters per day water conductivity is 0.02 to 0.16 m3 per day. Fresh groundwater mineralization does not exceed 1 gram per liter. In chemical composition of groundwater carbonates predominate, other detected compounds are chlorine, sodium hydrogen carbonate sulfates, magnesium, calcium. Nitrate content does not exceed the norm. Carbon dioxide content in the Susleni village well is 22 milligrams per liter; iron also was detected . Aggressive carbon dioxide content was not found. Total hardness value ranging from 3.8 milligram per liter equivalent to 4.24 milligram per liter equivalent. The Kurlov formula is the following: HCO 79SO 16Cl15 M 0.4 3 4 pH 7,7 (Na K)37Ca32Mg31
Thus, based on the results of previous research, there was made a conclusion that the described irrigation massifs and soil conditions (not saline soil, low mineralization of groundwater and depth of groundwater occurrence) is suitable for irrigation. Bibliography 1. «О результатах комплексной гидрогеологической и инженерно-геологической съемки масштаба 1:50000 для целей мелиорации массива орошения «Междуречье Бык – Реут» проведенной в 1984 – 1988годах», Raport 3088, Fondul Geologic, AGRM.
______Section X. ESMP – Lot #1 / CIS ‘Jora de Jos’ 90 Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
2. «Геологическое строение, гидрогеологические и инженерно-геологические условия площади Тираспольского листа. Отчет о результатах комплексной геологической, гидрогеологической и инженерно-геологической съемки м-ба 1:200 000 листа L-35-XII», Raport 3414, Fondul Geologic, AGRM. 3. «Комплексная геологическая, гидрогеологическая, инженерно-геологическая съемка м- ба 1:50 000 листов L-35-34-В-б,г; L-35-34-Г, L-35-46-Б с общими поисками. Отчет геологосъемочной партии о работах, проведенных в 1987-1991 гг», Raport 3408, Fondul Geologic, AGRM. 4. СНиП 1.02.07-87 ИНЖЕНЕРНЫЕ ИЗЫСКАНИЯ ДЛЯ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА. МОСКВА 1987. 5. ВСН 33-2.1.05-90 Ведомственные Строительные Нормы. Гидромелиоративные системы и сооружения. Гидрогеологические и Инженерно-Геологические Изыскания. 6. П1-03 к СНБ 1.02.01-96 ИНЖЕНЕРНО-ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И ГИДРОГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗЫСКАНИЯ ДЛЯ МЕЛИОРАТИВНОГО И ВОДОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА. Министерство архитектуры и строительства Республики Беларусь. 2004. 7. «Комплексная гидрогеологическая и инженерно-геологическая съёмка со съёмкой четвертичных отложений м-ба 1:50 000 для целей мелиорации массива орошения «Среднее Приднестровье» Raport 3304, Fondul Geologic, AGRM. 8. «Орошение земель Верхне-Пугаченского массива МССР. II очередь. Отчет об инженерно-геологический и гидрогеологических изысканиях», Raport 2891, Fondul Geologic, AGRM.
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Annex I. Minutes of ESMP Public Consultation Meeting in the CIS Jora de Jos Public Consultation meeting for CIS Lopatna and CIS Jora de Jos took place on 3 August 2012 in the City Hall of Jora de Mijloc village. 18 persons (10 men and 8 women) representing different social segments took part at the meeting. The participants were informed on ESMP main objectives, structure and content (45 minutes supported with PP slides presentation). The participants had no objections on ESMP structure and content. The environmental problems existing in the localities from CIS Lopatna and Jora de Jos are well reflected in the ESMP. Being asked about any environmental problems which could be missed or not reflected in ESMP the answer was that the major problems are there, well reflected. Actually the audience considered that the major isssues are: to preserve the soil and surface water quality during the operation of system. In relation to this, the participants were asked whether they think that surface water would be more endangered then underground water and how. They mentioned that sometimes the surface water is polluted. The topic was consumed here at this point-statement. They do not know exactly what kind of pollution occurs and where these polluted water come from. Back to the underground water, the participants were invited to consider it again, and together they came to conclusion that underground water are much more important to consider indeed since farmers are using fertilizers and pesticide (and probably they will be more intensively used during the operations). The audience also do not consider the use of obsolete pesticides is a matter of great concern. They do not remember that such an issue was raised in their communities. Illegal extraction of sand also do not represent risks for CIS Lopatna and Jora de Jos. The participants raised a question on who would be responsible for compensating the damages caused to farmers in case of accidents occurred in the irrigation system, for example damage and leakage of fuel oil pipe in the garden of people. All this issues are subject to discussion and negotiations between WUA and AM – during the procedure of transfer of management. They were also advised to approach ISRA component for the institutional and juridical questions they might have. Issues related to social component of ESMP were raised during the meeting. The participants were invited to consider social aspects from construction phase perspective and operational phase perspective. They expressed their concern about the effect of “new men in town” and consequences of this. It was understood that they mean possible libertine behavior… In this context the presenter raised repeatedly the issue of STD, TiP. The public agreed that the main approach should be prevention through friendly discussion, informing local people, the team, ask leaders of community and WUAs being active in awareness and information activities regarding this issue.
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The gender issue were also discussed and found relevant to be taken into consideration both during construction and operational phase. The risks related to health, child labor, etc. were assessed as not big ones. The audience were provided with contact details and invited to submit their views and ideas that might additionally have within two weeks.
Presentation of the ESMP for CIS Jora de Jos and Lopatna in Primaria List of the participants
Name Surname Occupation Savin Mihai Manager LLC „Rusmiend” Maler Petru Manager LLC „MAPEVAGRO” Voica Ion Cadastral engineer Cucu Gheorghe Agricultural entrepreneur Scerban Ghenadie Employee „Standard Vin plus” Andreiş Alexei WUA Member Cebotari Leonid WUA Member
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Name Surname Occupation Savina Ana Farmer Platica Eugenia Farmer Andreiş Ecaterina WUA Member Andrieş Tatiana Social assistant Andrieş Aliona Consultant Ganea Eugenia Specialist SG, MCA Burlacu Anatolie Environmental specialist MCA Cebotari Fiodor Agricultural entrepreneur Melnic Victor Agricultural entrepreneur Savina Maria Account, WUA member Leahu Maria WUA member
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Annex J. Incident Report Format
Project: REHABILITATION OF CIS JORA DE JOS INCIDENT REPORT
1 Date
2 Location:
3 Raion:
4 WUA:
Location of Incident (distance and 5 direction against a fixed point or coordinates):
6 Incident Type:
High 7 Severity: Medium Low 7 Reported by:
8 Description of Incident Root Cause:
9 Corrective Actions Taken:
10 Corrective Actions to be Taken:
Actions Taken to Prevent 11 Recurrence:
12 Corrective Actions Carried Out By:
13 Persons Involved:
14 Machine Involved: Contractor / Sub-Contractor 15 Involved: 16 Third Parties Involved:
The photos with appropriate descriptions should be 17 Photo Documentation presented as an Attachment to the Incident Report
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For MCA-Moldova Use Only
Date:
Received by:
Decision / Action taken
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