Anatomy And Physiology Vocabulary

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY

 There are literally thousands of medical terms. It would be very difficult to memorize the meaning of each and every word. Most of the terms have a Greek or Latin origin.  However, it is not necessary to learn each and every word. A more efficient approach is to learn the basic word parts and recognize them in a word.  The vocabulary will be broken down in to 3 categories: 1. Prefix - word part attached to the beginning of a word root and modifies its meaning. 2. Root - contains the fundamental meaning of the word. 3. Suffix - word part attached to the end of a word root to modify its meaning.

 On Monday and Wednesday at the beginning of the period, you will copy down 5 vocabulary words, the meaning of each word, and an example of the use of the word.  On Friday, you will take a quiz where you will have to define the 10 words for that week.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY VOCABULARY PREFIX#1 1.a- not, without. Atresia: A (without) + tresia (perforation). Not having an opening. 2.para- beside, beyond. Paracervical: Para beside) + cervical (cervix). Next to the uterine cervix. “para” sounds like “pair” 3.amnio- amnion or membraneous fetal sac. Amniocentesis: Amnio (fetal sac) + centesis (puncture). The removal of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis. “amnio” sounds like “I am new”. 4.ante- before. Anterior: Ante (before) + rior (foremost). The front portion of a structure. “ante” sounds like “auntie”. 5.cyes- pregnancy. Pseudocyesis: Psuedo (false) +cyes (pregnant) + esis (condition). A condition in which a woman believes she is pregnant. “cyes” sounds like “sighs”. 6. tendin- fibrous band. Tendinitis: Tendin(tendons) + itis (inflammation). The inflammation of the tendons. “tend” sounds like “ten”. 7. alb- white. Albino: An individual with a lack of coloring pigment in the skin eyes, and hair. “alba” sounds like “album”. 8. peri- around. Pericardium: Peri (around) + cardium(heart). A fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels. “peri” sounds like “Perry”. 9. nulli- none. Nullipara: Nulli (none) + para (childbirth). A woman who has not yet delivered an infant. “nulli” sounds like “no light”. 10. alve- channel, cavity. Alveolitis: Alve (cavity) + ol (small) + itis (inflammation). An allergic inflammation of the alveoli.

PREFIX#2

11.lacrim- tears. Lacrimal gland: Lacrim (tears) + - al (related to), The lacrimal gland secretes tears. “lacrim” sounds like “lake rim” 12.lei- smooth. Leiodermia: Leio (smooth) + derm (skin) + ia (condition). Smooth skin. “leio” sounds like “lying”. 13.nephr- kidney. Nephritis: Nephr (kidney) + -itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the kidney. “nephr” sounds like “nephew”. 14.crypto- hidden. Cryptogenic: Crypto (hidden) + genic (origin). A disease whose origin is unknown. “crypto” sounds like “crept” 15.aur- ear. Auricle: Aur (ear) + i + cle (small). The outer part of the ear. “auri” sounds like “oar” 16. cry- cold. Cryotherapy: Cry (cold) + therapy . Treatment using cold. 17. dia- across. Diaphragm: Dia (cross) +phragm (muscular wall). The muscle that goes across the chest cavity. “dia” sounds like “diary”. 18. eti- causing disease. Etiology: Eti (causing disease) + logy (study of). The study of the caused of disease. “eti” sounds like “eating”. 19. bi- two. Binocular: Bi (two) + ocular (eye). Having two eyes. “bi” sounds like “bicycle”. 20. meta- change of exchange. Metamorphosis: Meta (change) + morph (shape) + osis (condition). A change in shape. “meta” sounds like “ met a”.

PREFIX#3

21. ex- outside, without. Exoskeleton: Ex (outside) + skeleton. The hard outer covering of many invertebrates. 22. noct- night. Nocturia: Noct (night) + uria (urination). Excessive urination at night. “noct” sounds like “knock”. 23. poly- many, much. Polymorphous: Poly (many) + morp (shape) + ous (relating to). Changing in structure or form at different stages. “poly” sounds like “police”. 24. ecto- outside, misplaced. Ectoderm: Ecto (ouside) + derm (skin). The outer layer of cells in the embryo. “ecto” sounds like “octopus” 25. myo- muscle. Myocardium: Myo (muscle) + card (heart) + ium. The muscle of the heart. “myo” sounds like “my O” 26. brady- slow. Bradypnea: Brady (slow) + pnea (breathing). An abnormally slow rate of breathing. “brady” sounds like “braid” 27. dys- painful or difficult. Dysmenorrhea: Dys (painful) + men (month) + rrhea (bursting forth). Painful menstruation. 28. trans- across, through. Transducer: Trans (through) + duc (lead) + er (agent of). An electronic device that sends and receives a soundwave signal. 29. supra- above or over. Suprapatellar: Supra “above” + patell (kneecap) + ar (related to). Above the patella. 30. eu- normal, well, good. Euthanasia: Eu (normal) + thanas (death) + ia (condition). Bringing about the death of someone with an incurable disease, in an attempt to alleviate suffering. “eu” sounds like “you”

PREFIX#4

31. pan- all. Panacea: Pan (all) + acea (remedy). A remedy that is imagined to cure all ills. 32. rhabdo- striated, rod shaped. Rhabdomyoma: Rhabdo (striated) + myo (muscle) + oma (tumor). A tumor of the striated muscle. “rhabdo” sounds like “rabbit”. 33. scler- hard. Sclera: Scler (hard) + a (singular noun). The hard white membrane covering the front of the eye. “sclera” sound like “skull” 34. ton- pressure, tension. Tonometer: Ton (pressure) + 0 + meter (instrument for measuring). An instrument that measures pressure in the eyeball. 35. sym- with, together. Symmetry: Sym syn (together) + metry (measure). A correspondence of body parts on both sides of the body. 36. sub- under. Subcutaneous: Sub(under) + cutaneous (skin). Underneath the skin. 37. hemi- half. Hemiplegia: Hemi (half) + plegia (paralysis). Paralysis of one side of the body. 38. pre- before. Prefrontal: Pre (before) + front (front) + al (related to). Related to extreme front of the brain. 39. post- after, behind. Post Partum: Post (after) + Partum (birth). An example is post- partum care, or “after-birth” care. 40. photo- light. Photophobia: Photo (light) + phobia (fear). An aversion to light.

PREFIX#5

41. phon- voice sound. Phonation: Phon (voice) + ation (process). The production of speech sounds through the vibration of the voice cords. 42. per- throughout. Percutaneous: Per (through) + cutaneous (skin). A procedure performed through the skin. 43. neo- new. Neonate: Neo (new) + nate (birth). A newborn baby. 44. multi- many. Multiparous: Multi (many) + par (birth) + -ous (relating to). Having given birth to more than one child. 45. micro- small. Microsurgery: Micro (small) + surgery. Surgery on very small physical structures. 46. intra- within, inside. Intravenous: Intra (inside) + venous (veins). Inside the veins. 47. inter- between. Intercostal muscles: Inter (between) + cost (ribs) + al (related to) muscles. Between the ribs. 48. hyp- below, not enough. Hypoglycemia: Hypo (below) + glyc (sugar) + emia (blood). Low blood sugar. 49. hyper- above or excessive. Hyperpnea: Hyper (excessive) + pnea (breathing). Abnormally excessive rapid breathing. 50. epi- covering, on, upon. Epidemic: Epi (covering) + demic (people). Disease covering a large area and many people.

PREFIX AND SUFFIX#6

51. andr- male. Androgen: Andr (male) + gen (to produce). Any hormone that increases male characteristics. 52. cyst- bladder or sac. Cystectomy: Cyst (bladder/sac) + ectomy (surgical removal). Surgical removal of all or part of the bladder. 53. bio- life. Biopsy: Bio (life) + opsy (look at). The examination of a small piece of living tissue in order to establish a diagnosis. 54. auto- self. Autoplasty: Auto (self) + plasty (to shape). Surgery in which parts of the patients own tissues are used to replace other parts. 55. an- without. Anemia: An (without) + emia (blood). A condition in which blood in absent, or there is not enough blood. 56. -cele swelling, hernia. Cystocele: Cyst (bladder) + o + cele (swelling). A swelling of the tissue of the lung through an opening in the chest. 57. -ectas extension, dilatation. Pharyngectasis: Pharyng (throat) + ectas (stretching). The expansion of the throat. 58. -pexy surgical fixation. Cecopexy: Cec (cecum) + o + pexy (surgical fixation). Surgery that reduces the movement of the cecum, or the first part of the large intestine. 59. -scopy visual examination. Rhinoscopy: Rhino (nose) + scopy (visual examination). The visual examination of the interior passages of the nose. 60. -plasty surgical repair. Otoplasty: Oto (ear) + plasty (surgical repair). Surgery performed on the external ear.

Suffix#7

61. -malacia softening of tissue. Osteomalacia: Osteo (bone) + malacia (softening). Softening of the bones. 62. -opia nearsightedness. Diplopia: (Dipl) (double) + opia (near sighted). Double-vision. 63. -penia deficiency. Leukopenia: Leuk (white) + o + penia (deficiency). Leukopenia is a deficiency of white blood cells. 64. -coccus berry-shaped bacterium. Streptococcus: Strepto (twisted) + coccus (berry-shaped). A genus of cocus-type bacteria responsible for a wide range of human diseases. 65. -ptosis dropping, falling. Glossoptosis: Gloss (tongue) + o + ptosis (falling). Downward displacement of the tongue. 66. -plegia paralysis. Hemiplegia: Hemi (half) + plegia (paralysis). Paralysis of one side of the body. 67. -ectomy surgical removal. Mastectomy: Mast (breast) + ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical removal of a breast. 68. -ician specialist. Pediatrician: Ped (children) + iatr (treatment) + ician (specialist). A specialist in the treatment of children. 69. -phobia fear. Claustrophobia: Claustro (closed) + phobia (fear). The fear of enclosed or confined spaces. 70. -rrhage bursting forth. Hemorrhage: Hemo (blood) + rrhage (bursting forth). Profuse bleeding.

Suffix #8

71. -phagia eat, injest. Osteophagia: Osteo (bone) + phagia (consume). A process in which certain bone cells consume an rebuild bone tissue during growth and repair. 72. -algia pain. Neuralgia: Neur (nerves) + algia (pain). Nerve pain. 73. -metry measure. Geometry: Geo (earth) + metry (measure). Literally, the measurement of the earth. 74. -asthen weakness. Phlebasthenia: Phleb (vein) + asthen (weakness) + ia (condition). Weakness of a vein. 75. -itis inflammation. Adenitis: Aden (gland) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of a gland. 76. -osis a condition. Narcosis: Narc (drugs) + -osis (a condition). The condition of being drugged. 77. -stenosis narrowing or constriction. Aortic stenosis: The narrowing of the aorta of the heart. 78. -poiesis formation or production. Leukopoesis: Leuk (white) + o + poesis (formation). The formation of white blood cells. 79. -paresis partial paralysis. Hemiparesis: Hemi (half) + paresis (partial paralysis). Paralysis of one half of the body. 80. -ostomy surgical opening. Tracheotomy: -otomy Trache (trachea) + otomy (to cut into). An opening through the neck into the trachea.

Suffix#9

81. -gram record, drawing. Mammogram: Mamm (breast) + o + gram (record). An x-ray recording the structures within the breast. 82. -megaly enlarged. Cardiomegaly: Cardi (heart) + o + -megaly (enlarged). A condition in which the heart is enlarged. 83. -meter measuring instrument. Thermometer: Therm (heat) + o + meter (measuring instrument). An instrument for measuring temperature. 84. -oid resembling. Mastoid: Mast (breast) + -oid (resembling). Resembling the breast. 85. -drome moving together. Syndrome: Syn (union) + drome (moving together). Signs and symptoms occurring together and having a common cause. 86. -graph record. Sonographer: Sono (sound) + graph (record) + er (one who does). A sonogram techician. 87. -lysis break down, detach. Dialysis: Dia (through) + lysis (separate of loosen). A procedure in which waste materials are removed from the blood of a person with advanced kidney disease. 88. -phragm muscular wall. Diaphragm: Dia (across) + phragm (muscular wall). The muscular wall that goes across the thoracic cavity just below the lungs. 89. -ole small. Bronchiole: Bronchi (air passage) + ole (small). The small airways of the respiratory system, form the larger bronchi into the lobes of the lung. 90. -centesis puncture of cavity. Paracentesis: Para (through) + centesis (puncture of cavity). Any procedure in which fluid is withdrawn from a bodily cavity.

Suffix#10 91. -crit to separate. Hematocrit: Hemato (blood) + crit ( to separate). A measure of the packed cell volume of red blood cells. 92. -clasia crushing or breaking. Osteoclasia: Osteo (bone) + clas (crushing) + ia(diseased condition). The degeneration of bone through disease. 93. -phasia speech. Dysphasia: Dys (bad) + phasia (speech). Difficulty in speaking. 94. -ism state or condition. Autism: Aut (self) + ism (a state or condition). A psychological state of extreme withdrawl. 95. -stasis stoppage, control. Hemostasis. Hemo (blood) + stasis (stoppage). Stopping of blood flow. 96. -oma swelling or tumor. Carcinoma: Carcin (cancer) + oma (tumor). A cancerous tumor. 97. path- disease, suffering. Pathogenesis: Path (disease) + o + genesis (origin). The origin of disease. 98. ren- kideny. Adrenal: Ad (toward) + ren (kidney) + al (pertaining to). Pertaining to the adrenal gland.

99. pro- before, in front of. Progeria: Pro (before) + ger (old age) + -ia (diseased condition). Progeria means early aging. 100. cortic- cortex or outside organ layers. Cortical: Cortic (outside organ layer) + al (relating to). Related to cortex - as in cortical fracture; a fracture of the outer layers of bone.

ROOT#11

101. kerat hard, horny. Keratolysis: kerato (hard) + lysis (loosening). The loosening and shedding of the outer layer of the skin. 102. strepto- twisted. Streptococcus: Strepto (twisted) + coccus (berry-shaped). A genus of round or spherical bacteria responsible for a wide range of human diseases. 103. -tome cutting instrument. Osteotome: Osteo (bone) + tome (cutting instrument). A surgical instrument for cutting through bone. 104. tricho- hair. Trichopathy: tricho (hair) + pathy (disease). Any disease involving the hair. 105. hyster uterus. Hysterectomy: Hyster (uterus) + ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical removal of the uterus. 106. myc- fungus. Dermatomycosis: Dermato (skin) + myc (fungus) + osis (condition). An infection of the skin. 107. necr- dead. Necrosis: necr (dead) + osis (condition). The death of localized tissues resulting from illness or injury. 108. onych- nail. Onychomycosis: onycho (nail) + myc (fungus) + osis (condition). A fungal infection of the nails. 109. pachy- thick. Pachydactyly: Pachy (thick) + dactyly (fingers). An abnormal thickening of the fingers and toes. 110. placent- organ that supports the fetus. Placental scan. Imagery used to locate theplacenta and detect bleeding.

ROOT#12 111. radicul nerve root. Radiculitis: Radicul (nerve root) + itis (inflammation). The inflammation of a spinal nerve root. 112. cerebell posterior portion of brain.: Cerebellospinal: cerebell (thecerebellum) + o + spinal. Leading from the cerebellum to the spine. 113. thym gland in chest. Thymosin: Thym (thymus gland) + osin (hormone). An immunologic hormone secreted by the thymus gland. 114. splen spleen. Splenomegaly: Splen (the spleen) + o + megaly (enlargement). The abnormal enlargement of the spleen. 115. thromb clot. Thrombbolytic: thromb (vein) + o + lyt (loosening) + ic (substance). A drug or other agent that dissolves clots. 116. synov synovial membrane. Synovitis: Synov (synovial membrane) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the synovial membrane. 117. oophor ovary. Oophorectomy: Oophor (ovary) + ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical removal of one or both ovaries. 118. stern sternum, breastbone. Suprasternal: Supra (above) + stern (sternum) + al (related to). Above the sternum. 119. pupill center of eye. Pupilloplegia: pupill (center of eye) + o + plegia (paralysis). Paralysis of the pupil. 120. fibr fibers. Fibrin: A stringy blood protein formed during clotting.

ROOT#13

121. myel spinal cord. Myelodysplasia: myelo (spinal columnd) + dys (bad) + plasia (growth). Abnormalities of the lower spinal cord. 122. myel bone marrow. Myelogram: myelo (bone marrow) + gram (record). A graphic representation of the different kinds of cells in bone marrow. 123. kyph hump. Kyphos: kyph (hump) + os (structure). The hump of the thoracic column. 124. ischi ischium or round portion of pelvis. Ischial spines: ischi (ischium) + al (related to) spines. Relating to the ischium. 125. ili illium or bone of pelvis. Ilioinguinal: ilio (ilium) + inguin (groin) + al (related to). Relating to the hip and the groin regions 126. cervic neck. Cervicodynia: cervico (neck) + dynia (pain). Pain in the neck. 127. burs fibrous sac between tendons and bones. Bursitis: burs (fibrous sac between tendons and bones) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the bursa. 128. fibul fibula, smaller of 2 shin bones. Fibular fracture: Fibul (fibula) + ar (related to) fracture. Relating to the fibula. 129. disk circular structure. Diskography: Disk (intervertebral disk) + o + graphy (recoding). The x-ray examination of individual intervertebral disks. 130. phalang bones of fingers and toes. Symphalangia: Sym (together) + phlang (bones of fingers of toes) + ia (diseased condition). A congenital abnormality in which fingers or toes are webbed together.

ROOT#14

131. vulvo- vagina. Vulvectomy: Vulv (structures covering the vagina) + ectomy (surgical removal). The removal of all or parts of the tissues of the vuvla. 132. cec- 1 st portion of large intestine. Cecostomy: Cec (cecum) + ostomy (surgical incision). The surgical construction of an opening into the cecum. 133. duoden- 1 st part of small intestine. Duodenal digestion: Duoden (duodenum) + al (related to) digestion. 134. jejun 2 nd portion of small intestine. Jejunal feeding tube: Jejun (jejunum) + al (relating to). A tube inserted into the jejunum to help administer liquids. 135. ile 3 rd portion of small intestine. Ileal bypass: Ile (ileum) + al (related to) bypass. A surgical procedure to treat obesity. 136. celi abdominal cavity. Celioma: Celi (abdominal cavity) + oma (tumor). A tumor in the abdominal area. 137. pancreat pancreas or gland in abdomen that secretes insulin. Pancreatitis: Pancreat (pancreas) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the pancreas. 138. palat hard palate or roof of mouth. Palatine arch: Palat (palate) + ine (pertaining to) arch. The muscular structure forming the soft palate. 139. polyp- small growth. Polypectomy: Polyp (small growth) + ectomy (surgical removal). The removal of any polyp in the digestive system. 140. peritoneo peritoneum or membrane lining abdominal wall. Peritoneal fluid: Peritone (peritoneum) + al (relating to) fluid. A naturally produced fluid that lubricates the peritoneum.

ROOT#15 141. sono sound. Sonogram: Sono (sound) + gram (recording). Imaging body structures by recording the reflection of sound waves. 142. ophthalm eye. Ophthalmologist: Ophthalmo (eye) + logist (one who studies), A physician who specializes in eye treatment. 143. sphygm pulse. Sphygmoid: Sphygm (pulse) + oid (resembling). Resembling a pulse. 144. echo- reflected sound. Echocardiogram: Echo (reflected sound) + cardi (heart) + o + gram (recording). A recording of heart movements from ultrasound virbrations. 145. ventricul small cavity. Ventricular hypertrophy: Ventricul (small cavity) + ar (relating to) hypertrophy. Relating to the ventricles, an abnormal enlargement of the ventricles. 146. tars ankle. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrom: Tars (ankle) + al (related to) tunnel syndrome. Relating to the tarsals. 147. blephar eyelid. Blepharitis: Blephar (eyelid) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the eyelid. 148. dacry tears. Dacryadenitis: Dacry (tears) + aden (gland) + itis (inflammation). 149. stape- 3 rd bone in middle ear. Stapedectomy: stapes (third bone - ear) + d + ectomy (surgical removal). Surgical removal of the stapes. 150. myring eardrum. Myringitis: Myring (eardrum) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the eardrum.

ROOT#16

151. labyrinth maze-like inner ear. Labyrinthitis: labyrinth (maze-like inner ear) + -itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the labyrinth. 152. retin back of eye. Retinitis: retins (retina) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the retina. 153. ren kidney. Renal: ren (kidney) + -al (relating to). Relating to the kindney –as in the renal artery. 154. pyel collection area inside kidney. Pyelitis: Pyel (kidney collection area) + -itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the pelvis of the kindey area. 155. gen cause, become. Pathogenesis: Patho (disease) + gen (cause) + esis (condition). The origin of a disease. 156. olig few. Oliguria: Olig (few) + uria (urination). The diminished capacity to form and pass urine. 157. glyc sugar. Hypoglycemia: Hypo ( low) + glyco (sugar) + -emia (blood condition). Low blood sugar. 158. dips thirst, condition of. Dipsomania: Dips (thirst) + o + mania (madness). The craving for alcoholic beverages, or alcoholism. 159. sial saliva. Sialorrhea: Sialo (saliva) + rrhea (flow). An excessive flow of saliva. 160. men egg month, menses. Menopause: Meno (month, menses) + pause (stop). Cessation of menses.

ROOT #17

161. iatr treatment or physician. Pediatric: Ped (children) + iatr (treatment) + ic (related to). The treatment of children. 162. gnosis knowledge. Prognosis: Pro (before) + gnosis (knowledge). Knowledge of how and when a patient will recover. 163. opt vision. Optician: Opt (vision) + -ician (specialist). A person who makes, fits, or sells eyewear. 164. tonsill small masses of tissue in pharynx. Tonsillits: Tonsill ( tonsils) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the tonsils. 165. viscer internal organs. Visceral: Viscer (internal organs) + -al (relating to). Relating to the viscera, as in visceral cavity – the space in the abdomen containing the internal organs. 166. somat body. Somatotrophic: Somat (body) + o + trop (nourishment) + ic (relating to). Relating to the growth of the body, as in somatrophic hormone or growth hormone. 167. plasia formation or development. Hyperplasia: Hyper (excessive) + plasia (formation). Hyperplasia means an increase in the number of cells in the body. 168. sarc flesh. Sarcoma: Sarc (flesh) + -oma (tumor). A cancerous tumor. 169. tripsy surgical crushing. Lithotripsy: Lith (stone) + o + tripsy (surgical crushing). The surgical crushing of kidney stones. 170. lith stone. Lithiasis: Lith (stone) + -iasis (condition). The formation of calculi, or stones, in the organs of the body, such as kidney stones.

ROOT#18

171. physi nature. Physiology: Physi (nature) + ology (the study of). The study of the nature of the human body. 172. spondyl vertebrae. Spondylosis: Spondyl (vertebrae) + osis (condition). A condition in which the spinal vertebrae are fixed or stiff. 173. lapar abdomen. Laparotomy: Laparo (abdomen) + tomy (surgical incision). An incision into the abdominal cavity, usually exploratory. 174. or mouth. Oral temperature: Or (mouth) + al (relating to) temperature. Relating to the mouth. 175. stomat mouth. Stomatitis: Stomat (mouth) + tis (inflammation). Any inflammation of the mouth. 176. cheil lips. Cheilosis: Cheil (lips) + osis (condition). A scaly condition of the mouth and lips. 177. gingiv gums. Gingivitis: Gingiv (gums) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation and bleeding of the gums. 178. gloss tongue. Glossopathy: Glosso ( tongue) + pathy (disease). Any abnormal or diseased condition of the tongue. 179. pseud false. Pseudocyesis: Pseud (false) + o + cyesis (pregnancy). A condition in which a woman believes she is pregnant when she is not. 180. meatus opening, tunnel. Urinary meatus: The exterior of the urethra.

ROOT#19

181. encephal brain. Encephalitis: En(in) + cephal in) + itis (inflammation). An inflammatory condition of the brain, cause by a viral infection. 182. polio gray matter of brain. Poliomyelitis: Polio (gray matter) + myel (marrow) + itis (inflammation). An infectious viral disease with symptoms ranging from mild to severe paralysis. 183. gangli groups of nerves. Ganglion: Gangli (groups of nerves) + on (unit). A mass of nerves. 184. -edem excessive fluid. Edematous: Edema (swelling of fluid) + tous (condition of). 185. isch deficiency of blockage. Ischemia: Isch (blocked) + emia (blood condition). A condition in which the supply of oxygen to a part of the body is blocked. 186. kerat cornea. Keratectomy: Kerat (conrea) + -ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical removal of part of the cornea. 187. lingu tongue. Lingual frenum: (Lingu (tongue) + al (relating to) frenum. The band of tissue from the tongue to the floor of the mouth. 188. ovi egg. Oviduct: Ovi (egg) + duct (lead). The tubes leading from the ovaries to the uterus. 189. ocul eye. Ocular: Ocul (eye) + ar (relating to). 190. lymph lymphatic system. Lymphoma: Lymph (lymphatic system) + oma (tumor). A cancerous tumor of the lymphatic system.

ROOT#20

191. pneumon lungs or the air. Pneumonia: Pneumon (lungs) + ia (condition). An acute inflammation of the lungs. 192. oto- ear. Otoplasty: Oto (ear) + -plasty (surgery). Surgery performed on the external ear. 193. plasm cell or tissue substance. Plasma: Plasm (cell) + -a. The fluid portion of the lymph and blood. 194. vas vessel. Vasodilator: Vaso (vessel) + dilat (open) + or (agent of). An agent that causes the dilation, or opening, of blood vessels. 195. psych mind. Psychology: Psych (mind) + o + logy (the study of). The study of the mind. 206. rhin nose. Rhinoplasty: Rhino (nose) + plasty (surgical repair). Plastic surgery which changes the structure of the nose. 197. angi blood vessel. Angiogram: Angio (blood vessel) + gram (recorder). A radiographic image of a blood vessel. 198. arthr joint. Arthritis: Arthr (joint) + itis (inflammation). An inflammatory condition of the joints. 199. ather fats or lipids. Atherectomy: Ather (fat or lipids) + ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical removal of fatty plaque from the wall of an artery.

200. irid iris of the eye. Iridoplegia: Irid (iris) + plegia (paralysis). Paralysis of the sphincter muscle of the iris.

ROOT#21

201. enter intestines. Enteritis: Enter (intestines) + itis (inflammation). Inflammation of the lining of the small intestine. 202. gastr stomach. Gastrointestinal: Gastro (stomach) + intestin + al (relating to). Having to do with any of the organs of digestion, from the mouth to the anus. 203. gyn female. Gynecology: Gyneco (female) + logy (study of). The study of the female reproductive organs. 204. hepat liver. Hepatitis: Hepat (liver) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the liver. 205. heter different, another. Heterosexual: Hetero (different) + sexual. A person whose sexual preference is for people of the opposite sex. 206. hydr water. Hydronephrosis: Hydro (water) + nephr (kidney) + -osis (condition). Distention of the kidney due to an obstruction that prevents urination. 207. kary nucleus of the cell. Karyotype: Kary (nucleus of a cell) + o + type (characteristic). A diagram of the total chromosomes of an individual or a species. 208. mon one. Mononucleosis: Mono (one ) + o + nucle (nucleus) + osis (condition). An abnormal increase in the number of mononuclear leukocytes in the blood. 209. neuro nerve. Neuromuscular: Neuro (nerve) + muscul (muscle) + ar (related to). Relating to the nerves and the muscles. 210. osteo bone. Osteoporosis: Osteo (bone) + por (pores) + osis (condition). A disorder in which bones become porous and brittle.

ROOT#22

211. femur thigh bone. Femoral artery: Femor (thigh bone) + al (relating to) artery. Relating to the femur. 212. esthesi feeling or perception. Anesthesia: An (not) + esthes (feeling or perception) + ia (condition). The absence of normal sensation, usually induced for medical purposes. 213. mening membrane. Meningitis: Mening (the meninges) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation or the infection of the menginges, usually caused by bacterial infection. 214. crani skull. Cranial nerves: Crani (skull) + al (related to) nerves. Relating to the cranium. 215. steth chest. Stethoscope: Steth (chest) + o + scope (instrument for examining). An instrument used to help in hearing chest sounds. 216. dur hard. Dura mater: Dur (hard) + a (singular noun) + mater (cover). The outermost and most fibrous of the 3 membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. 217. phleb vein. Phlebotomy: Phleb (vein) + otomy (surgical incision). The surgical incision of a vein for the letting of blood. 218. polyp growth. Polyposis: Polyp (growth) + osis (condition). An abnormal condition with numerous polyps on a body part. 219. coron heart. Coronary bypass: Coron (the heart) + ary (related to) bypass. Open heart surgery in which a section of blood vessel is used to bypass damage in a coronary artery. 220. dipl two or double. Diplopia: Dipl (double) + opia (vision). Double vision.

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221. prostate male reproductive system gland. Prostatectomy: Prostate (prostate) + ectomy (surgical removal). The surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland. 222. test male reproductive gland. Testes: Test (male reproductive gland) + es (plural). The pair of male reproductive gonads in which sperm is produced. 223. spermat male germ cell. Spermatocide: Spermato (male germ cell) + cide (kill). A chemical substance that kills sperm. 224. orchid testicle. Orchidopexy: Orchido (testicle) + pexy (surgical fixation). An operation to mobilize an undescended testes. 225. scrotum bag of skin containing testes. Scrotal raphe: Scrot (scrotum) + al (related to) raphe. The line of union of the two halves of the scrotum. 226. uter uterus womb. Uterotomy: Uter (uterus) + o + tomy (surgical incision). A surgical incision, such as a cesarean section. 227. cervic cervix, narrow portion of the uterus. Cervicitis: Cervix (cervix) + itis (inflammation). An inflammation of the uterus. 228. vagin canal leading from uterus outside of body. Vaginal speculum. Vagin (vagina) + al (related to) speculum. Relating to the vagina. The instrument used to inspect the vaginal cavity.

229. colpo vagina. Colposcope: Colpo (vagina) + scope (instrument for viewing). A lighted instrument for examination of the vagina and the cervix. 230. oscheo pertaining to the scrotum. Oscheoma: Osche (scrotum) + oma (tumor). A tumor within the scrotum.