Felipe Soares Bufalo Mauro Galetti Laurence Culot

1 Electronic Supplementary Material

2 Seed Dispersal by Primates and Implications for the Conservation of a Biodiversity

3 Hotspot, the Atlantic Forest of South America

4 Felipe Soares Bufalo ∙ Mauro Galetti ∙ Laurence Culot

8 9 Table SI Full list of plant species consumed and dispersed by primate species in Atlantic Forest

Primate specie Botanical family Plant specie Fruit diameter (mm) Fruit Seed diameter (mm) Seed Seed fate length length (mm) (mm) Alouatta belzebul Anacardiaceae Spondias lutea 22 31 13 26 Dispersed Tapirira 5 10 5 10 Dispersed guianensis Annonaceae Annona sp. 6 Dispersed Arecaceae Arecaceae sp. Dispersed Burseraceae Protium 25 25 7.18 11.32 Dispersed heptaphyllum Clusiaceae Symphonia 37 39 22 31 Dispersed globulifera Combretaceae Buchenavia sp. 10 Dispersed Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae sp. Dispersed Ebenaceae Diospyros sp. 8 Dispersed Fabaceae Andira sp. Dispersed Diallium 13 19 3.58 8.1 Dispersed guianense Dioclea aff. Dispersed Rufescens Inga sp. 1 7 Dispersed Inga sp. 2 7 Dispersed Lauraceae Ocotea sp. 7 Dispersed Lecythidaceae Eschweilera 50 37 20 22 Dispersed ovate Malpighiaceae Byrsonima 7 7 3.4 6 Dispersed sericea Meliaceae Trichilia hirta 6 7 4.4 5.14 Moraceae Brosimum sp. 6 Dispersed Ficus sp. 1 1 Dispersed Ficus sp. 2 1 Dispersed Myrtaceae Campomanesia Dispersed sp. Eugenia sp. Dispersed Nyctaginaceae Guapira sp. 4 Dispersed Sapindaceae Talisia sp. Dispersed Solanaceae Solanum 11.95 13.2 3.55 3.55 Dispersed variabile Urticaceae Cecropia sp. 1 Dispersed Alouatta caraya Anacardiaceae Spondias mombin 13 26 Arecaceae Syagrus 22 23 15.45 20.918 romanzoffiana Boraginaceae Cordia 13 18 6 10 ecalyculata Cannabaceae Celtis sp. 4 Compretaceae Terminalia 15 30 catappa Fabaceae Geoffroea 8 Dispersed spinosa Inga vera 10 120 1 2 Dispersed Albizia niopoides 12 110 4 7 Enterolobium 100 110 10 15 timbouva Parapiptadenia 20 120 8.56 8.56 rigida Flacourtiaceae Banara arguta 11 12 1.25 1.25 Dispersed Casearia 10 11 6 6 decandra Lauraceae Nectandra 7 Dispersed angustifolia Nectandra 8 15 5 14 cissiflora Nectandra 12 20 10.4 13 lanceolata Ocotea 12 21 10 15 Dispersed diospyrifolia Ocotea puberula 5 9 5 8 Moraceae Ficus guaranitica 17 20 1.25 1.432 Ficus 20 20 1 1 obtusiuscula Maclura tinctoria 20 25 1.36 3.63 Myrtaceae Eugenia 5 Dispersed burkartiana Eugenia 6.35 9.85 6.45 7.45 Dispersed punicifolia Eugenia 30 40 9.84 11.8 Dispersed pyriformis Eugenia uniflora 25 30 7.66 8.3 Psidium guajava 44 55 1.99 3.82 Dispersed Syzygium jambos 40 61.25 17.50 18.75 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca 7 9 2 3 dioica Rubiaceae Psychotria 5 7 8.46 9.61 Dispersed carthagenensis Coussarea 8 10 5 9 hydrangeifolia Genipa 78 81 5 8 americana Salicaceae Banara arguta 11 12 1.25 1.25 Dispersed Santalaceae Phoradendron sp. Sapindaceae Paullinia sp. 9 Dispersed Sapotaceae Pouteria 32 75 20 40 Dispersed salicifolia Pouteria torta 50 60 14 26 Urticaceae Cecropia 10 115 1 3 Dispersed pachystachya Urera aurantiaca 1 Dispersed Vitaceae Cissus palmata Dispersed Alouatta guariba Anacardiaceae Lithrea 2 3 2 3 Dispersed brasiliensis Schinus 4 5 3 3 terebinthifolius Annonaceae Annona cacans 115 120 6 13 Dispersed Annona 33 34 5 8 neosericea Annona maritima 6 Dispersed Annona sylvatica 53 55 7.42 14.1 Dispersed Guatteria 6 10 5 8 Dispersed australis Apocynaceae Aspidosperma 15 45 9.12 24.69 polyneuron Aquifoliaceae Ilex brevicuspis 4 4 1 2.5 Ilex dumosa 3 5 1 3 Ilex 6 9 1.87 3.984 Dispersed paraguariensis Araliaceae Schefflera 23 31 0.1 0.24 morototoni Araucariaceae Araucaria 130 140 20.83 51.092 Preyed on angustifolia Arecaceae Euterpe edulis 14 14 11.67 11.668 Dispersed Geonoma 9 10 8 9.4 Dispersed schottiana Piptocarpha 0.8 2.5 0.7 2 Dispersed angustifolia Syagrus 22 23 15.45 20.918 Dispersed romanzoffiana Bignoniaceae Cuspidaria 0.6 convolute Pyrostegia 8.57 35 Preyed on venusta Boraginaceae Cordia 13 18 6 10 Dispersed ecalyculata Cordia 15 12 8.5 11.564 Dispersed sellowiana Cactaceae Pereskia 20 25 1 5 Dispersed aculeata Cannabaceae Celtis iguanaea 7 9 4 6 Dispersed Celtis spinosa 5.05 5.65 Dispersed Caricaceae Jacaratia spinosa 42 68 5 6 Dispersed Clusiaceae Calophyllum 26 26 15.46 18.558 Dispersed brasiliense Ebenaceae Diospyros 23 25 7.82 13.8 Dispersed inconstans Diospyros kaki 80 67.7 11 19 Dispersed Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum 5 8 3 8 Dispersed argentinum Euphorbiaceae Alchornea 8 11 4.31 4.95 Dispersed triplinervia Fabaceae Enterolobium 50 60 6.9 11.796 Dispersed contortisiliquum Copaifera 20 23 8.38 13.02 Dispersed langsdorffii Inga striata 20 130 6 10 Inga subnuda 22.5 117.25 4.5 14.5 Dispersed Inga vera 10 120 1 2 Dispersed Lamiaceae Vitex sp. 13 Dispersed Lauraceae Cryptocarya 20 24 15 22 Dispersed mandioccana Nectandra 12 20 10.4 13 lanceolata Nectandra 9 12 6.37 13.06 Dispersed megapotamica Ocotea 6 10 4.5 5.5 Dispersed corymbosa Ocotea minarum 10 20 6 14 Dispersed Ocotea odorifera 16 22 5 13 Dispersed Ocotea porosa 16 20 13 15 Ocotea puberula 5 9 5 8 Dispersed Ocotea silvestris 10 13 7 Dispersed Lecythidaceae Cariniana legalis 20 44 4.69 9.588 Preyed on Malpighiaceae Banisteriopsis 2 Preyed on muricata Dicella bracteosa 27.5 26.6 11.8 15 Preyed on Melastomataceae Miconia discolor 1 Dispersed Miconia tristis 1 Meliaceae Guarea 38 40 10 20 Dispersed kunthiana Trichilia 6.5 12 5 8 Dispersed claussenii Trichilia elegans 5 8.75 Dispersed Menispermaceae Abuta sp. 11 Dispersed Hyperbaena 13.9 22 Dispersed domingensis Moraceae Ficus enormis 14 14 1.2 1.5 Dispersed Ficus eximia 19 20 0.6 0.6 Dispersed Ficus guaranitica 17 20 1.25 1.432 Dispersed Ficus insipida 34 35 1 2.5 Dispersed Ficus organensis 5 8 0.5 Dispersed Maclura tinctoria 20.9 19.1 1.36 3.63 Dispersed Sorocea 12 13 8 11 bonplandii Myrtaceae Campomanesia 21 18 6 7 Dispersed xanthocarpa Eugenia 30 40 9.84 11.8 Dispersed pyriformis Eugenia 15 17 10 12 rostrifolia Eugenia 6 11 5 6 verticillata Myrcia splendens 7.1 10.2 8.13 13.6 Dispersed Myrciaria 8 8 4 6 Dispersed cuspidata Myrcianthes 10 11 8 8 pungens Neomitranthes 13 16 10 12 obscura Psidium 24.6 26.15 2.3 3 cattleianum Psidium 12 15 3 4 Dispersed sartorianum Nyctaginaceae Guapira opposita 11 13 6 10 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca 7 9 2 3 Dispersed dioica Polygalaceae Diclidanthera 17 20 14 16 Dispersed laurifolia Primulaceae Myrsine Dispersed umbellata Rosaceae Eriobotrya 41.25 51.25 15.7 18.57 japonica Prunus myrtifolia 6 8 6 8 Dispersed Rubiaceae Psychotria 5 7 8.46 9.61 Dispersed carthagenensis Zanthoxylum 4 4 Dispersed rhoifolium Salicaceae Banara 1 parviflora Xylosma pseudosalzmanii Sapindaceae Allophylus edulis 5 7.5 4 6 Dispersed Cupania 11 17 10 17 Dispersed oblongifolia Paullinia 9 Dispersed marginata Paullinia 10 Dispersed seminuda Sapotaceae Sideroxylon 14 20 7.86 12.15 Dispersed obtusifolium Solanaceae Solanum 30 3 3 Dispersed aculeatissimum Solanum 16 17 1 3 Dispersed pseudoquina Urticaceae Cecropia 10 120 1 2 Dispersed glaziovii Cecropia 20 170 0.96 1.7 Dispersed hololeuca Coussapoa 17 17 12 17 microcarpa Verbenaceae Citharexylum 10 12 3.15 9.522 Dispersed myrianthum Brachyteles Anacardiaceae Tapirira 5 10 5 10 arachnoides guianensis Annonaceae Annona 33 34 5 8 Dispersed neosericea Duguetia 80 80 8.36 19.76 lanceolata Guatteria 6 10 5 8 australis Apocynaceae Aspidosperma 9 olivaceum Aspidosperma 15 45 9.12 24.69 polyneuron Aspidosperma 9 tomentosum Araceae Anthurium 1 Dispersed harrisii Heteropsis 14 16 6 14 Dispersed oblongifolia Monstera 8 11 7.25 8.5 Dispersed adansonii Philodendron 0.5 1 Dispersed appendiculatum Philodendron 6 9 2 3 Dispersed corcovadense Philodendron 63 4 4 imbe Araliaceae Schefflera calva 5 Dispersed Arecaceae Syagrus 22 23 15.45 20.918 romanzoffiana Asteraceae Piptocarpha 12 20 0.8 3.22 axillaris Boraginaceae Cordia 12 15 8.5 11.564 Dispersed sellowiana Cactaceae Pereskia 20 25 1 5 aculeata Rhipsalis sp. 1 Canellaceae Cinnamodendron 14 16 9 10 Dispersed dinisii Cannabaceae Celtis spinosa 5.05 5.65 Dispersed Caricaceae Jacaratia spinosa 42 68 5 6 Dispersed Celastraceae Cheiloclinium 20 serratum Maytenus 14 12 9 11 alaternoides Maytenus 13 16 7 8 Dispersed aquifolia Salacia sp. Dispersed Chrysobalanaceae Parinari excelsa 25 39 16 28 Dispersed Clusiaceae Garcinia 28 35 14 27 Dispersed gardneriana Combretaceae Buchenavia 11.3 22.5 10 20 kleinii Elaeocarpaceae Sloanea hirsuta 23 25 7 15 Euphorbiaceae Alchornea 8 11 4.31 4.95 Dispersed triplinervia Pachystroma 9.8 13.662 longifolium Pera glabrata 10 12 3 6 Sapium 10 11 5.12 5.84 glandulosum Fabaceae Copaifera 20 23 8.38 13.02 langsdorffii Copaifera 23 31 8 13 Dispersed trapezifolia Hymenaea 50 130 14.54 26.74 Dispersed courbaril Inga laurina 32.2 65.5 11.1 13.3 Inga marginata 10 120 10 10 Inga sessilis 30 130 10 15 Inga striata 20 130 6 10 Ormosia monosperma Piptadenia 23.5 110 4.2 10.9 adiantoides Senegalia 5 7 grandistipula Tachigali 40 110 29.49 64.642 denudata Zollernia ilicifolia Flacourtiaceae Casearia 5 5 2 3 sylvestris Humiriaceae Vantanea 25 23 15.43 18.56 Dispersed compacta Lauraceae Beilschmiedia emarginata Cinnamomum 8 16 5 10 glaziovii Cryptocarya 25 25 20 21 aschersoniana Cryptocarya 20 24 15 22 Dispersed mandioccana Endlicheria 10 20 10 13 Dispersed paniculata Nectandra sp. 7 Ocotea 13 20 5 10 catharinensis Ocotea 6 10 4.5 5.5 corymbosa Ocotea 12 21 10 15 diospyrifolia Ocotea glaziovii 7 Ocotea 7 nectandrifolia Ocotea odorifera 16 22 5 13 Ocotea porosa 16 20 13 15 Ocotea pulchella 7 13 4.57 7.682 Ocotea silvestris 10 13 7 Ocotea spixiana 10 23 5 9 Loganiaceae Strychnos 15 Dispersed trinervis Malpighiaceae Byrsonima 11.5 9 6.8 6.9 ligustrifolia Malvaceae Spirotheca rivieri 40 50 1.54 4.286 Marcgraviaceae Marcgravia 15 18 0.5 1 Dispersed polyantha Norantea sp. 1 Dispersed Melastomataceae Miconia cabucu 5.7 5 1.3 2.3 Dispersed Miconia 3.22 4.45 1 1 cinnamomifolia Mouriri 30 25 8 12 Dispersed glaziowiana Meliaceae Cabralea 10 18 9 11 canjerana Menispermaceae Abuta selloana 17 32 11 16 Dispersed Monimiaceae Mollinedia 9 18 13 21 uleana Moraceae Ficus enormis 14 14 1.2 1.5 Ficus gomelleira 17 19 1.2 2.5 Dispersed Ficus insipida 34 35 1 2.5 Dispersed Ficus organensis 5 8 0.5 Sorocea 12 13 8 11 bonplandii Musaceae Musa velutina 25 76.62 4.67 5.45 Dispersed Myristicaceae Virola bicuhyba 15 24 13.9 22.352 Dispersed Virola gardneri 37 30 20 20 Dispersed Myrtaceae Campomanesia 17.7 16.15 3.07 4.6 adamantium Campomanesia 22 17 6 8 Dispersed guaviroba Campomanesia 23 30 5 5 guazumifolia Campomanesia 21 18 6 7 xanthocarpa Eugenia 5 burkartiana Eugenia dodonaeifolia Eugenia 23.07 34.61 7 10 involucrata Eugenia 11.65 7 7 Dispersed ligustrina Eugenia prasina 18 31 16 26 Dispersed Eugenia pruinosa Eugenia 30 40 9.84 11.8 pyriformis Marlierea 18 16 11 11 eugeniopsoides Marlierea 17 15 10 12 Dispersed suaveolens Myrceugenia 14 17 3 3 myrcioides Myrcia 15 12 8 9 anacardiifolia Myrcia heringii 1 Myrcia 12 15 1 1 pubipetala Myrcia splendens 7.1 10.2 8.13 13.6 Myrcia variabilis 1 Myrciaria 8 9 4.16 5.41 floribunda Neomitranthes 13 16 10 12 obscura Psidium 4 longipetiolatum Psidium 13 10 4 5 sartorianum Siphoneugena 10 8 6 6 densiflora Ochnaceae Quiina glazovii 16 20 9 13 Olacaceae Heisteria 12 13 10 13 Dispersed silvianii Phyllanthaceae Hyeronima 4 5 2.7 3.6 Dispersed alchorneoides Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca 7 9 2 3 Dispersed dioica Polygalaceae Diclidanthera sp. 17 Dispersed Rosaceae Prunus brasiliensis Prunus myrtifolia 6 8 6 8 Rubiaceae Coussapoa sp. 15 17 10 12 Dispersed Posoqueria 50 50 13 17 Dispersed acutifolia Posoqueria 36 49 12 12 Dispersed latifolia Psychotria 5 6 2 3 Dispersed mapourioides Psychotria 3 tenerior Rudgea sp. Dispersed Rutaceae Esenbeckia 30 25 4.63 6.97 leiocarpa Metrodorea 20 15 4 5 nigra Salicaceae Xylosma pseudosalzmanii Sapotaceae Chrysophyllum 20 30 5 20 Dispersed viride Micropholis 9 Dispersed gardneriana Pouteria bullata 47.14 58.57 10 30 Dispersed Pradosia 10 kuhlmannii Siparunaceae Siparuna 10.2 10 2.75 5 Dispersed guianensis Solanaceae Solanum 20.5 2 cinnamomeum Solanum 16 17 1 3 Dispersed pseudoquina Solanum 12 1 3.5 swartzianum Styracaceae Styrax pohlii 10 40 7 15 Symplocaceae Symplocos 2.6 9 4.75 4.75 celastrinea Symplocos sp. 4 Dispersed Urticaceae Cecropia 10 120 1 2 Dispersed glaziovii Coussapoa 17 17 12 17 Dispersed microcarpa Pourouma 18 17 8.3 17.18 Dispersed guianensis Vochysiaceae Vochysia sp. Brachyteles Acanthaceae Mendoncia 14 17 7 14 Dispersed hypoxanthus velloziana Carpotroche 100 120 13 15 Dispersed brasiliensis Amaranthaceae Chamissoa sp. Dispersed Anacardiaceae Astronium 10 30 5 8 Dispersed concinnum Spondias dulcis 59 84 50 75 Tapirira 5 10 5 10 Dispersed guianensis Anacardiaceae Tapirira obtusa 5 Dispersed Annonaceae Annona sp. 6 Dispersed Guatteria 6 10 5 8 Dispersed australis Araliaceae Araliaceae sp. Asteraceae Cyrtocymura 0.5 2 scorpioides Bignoniaceae Bignonia prieurei Fridericia 8 cuneifolia Pyrostegia 8.57 25.71 venusta Boraginaceae Cordia sp. 7 Dispersed Burseraceae Protium 25 25 7.18 11.32 Dispersed heptaphyllum Cactaceae Rhipsalis sp. Dispersed Cannabaceae Celtis sp. 1 4 Celtis sp. 2 4 Celtis sp. 3 4 Chrysobalanaceae Licania 9 20 11 15 kunthiana Licania sp. Dispersed Clusiaceae Clusia sp. 1 2 Preyed on Clusia sp. 2 2 Preyed on Clusia sp. 3 2 Preyed on Tovomitopsis sp. Dispersed Euphorbiaceae Mabea fistulifera 15 9 5.564 7.554 Preyed on Fabaceae Mucuna sp. Preyed on Piptadenia sp. 1 5 Piptadenia sp. 2 5 Piptadenia sp. 3 5 Piptadenia sp. 4 5 Pithecellobium sp. Pterocarpus sp. 3 Stryphnodendron 4.44 6.66 Preyed on polyphyllum Lauraceae Endlicheria 14 33 12.5 26 glomerata Ocotea insignis 7 Ocotea sp. 7 Preyed on Phyllostemonoda phne geminiflora Urbanodendron verrucosum Lecythidaceae Eschweilera sp. 20 Preyed on Malpighiaceae Byrsonima 10.28 12 4.5 6 Dispersed coriacea Byrsonima 15.86 15.96 7.38 7.7 stipulacea Melastomataceae Clidemia debilis 10 0.5 Miconia sp. 1 Moraceae Clarisia ilicifolia 10 12.5 Myristicaceae Virola bicuhyba 15 24 13.902 22.352 Virola gardneri 37 30 20 20 Myrtaceae Eugenia sp. Dispersed Myrcia sp. 1 Dispersed Myrcia sp. 2 Dispersed Olacaceae Tetrastylidium 25 24 21 22 grandifolium Passifloraceae Passiflora sp. 1 3 Dispersed Passiflora sp. 2 3 Dispersed Polygonaceae Coccoloba 7 3.5 3.5 mosenii Primulaceae Cybianthus coriaceus Rubiaceae Coussarea 12 triflora Duroia velutina 4 5 Psychotria 5 6 2 3 mapourioides Sapindaceae Allophylus edulis 5 7.5 4 6 Dispersed Matayba sp. Paullinia 5.5 6.4 Dispersed carpopoda Sapotaceae Pouteria sp. 12 Dispersed Schoepfiaceae Schoepfia lucida Siparunaceae Siparuna 10.2 10 2.75 5 Dispersed guianensis Symplocaceae Symplocos sp. 4 Verbenaceae Duranta sp. Dispersed Vitaceae Cissus sp. 1 Dispersed Cissus sp. 2 Dispersed Callicebus coimbrai Anacardiaceae Tapirira 5 10 5 10 guianensis Annonaceae Annona sylvatica 53 55 7.42 14.1 Xylopia 26 36 2.794 6.032 aromatica Xylopia 10 13 4 5.5 frutescens Araliaceae Schefflera 23 31 0.1 0.24 morototoni Arecaceae Astrocaryum 32.3 50 22.2 44.4 vulgare Chrysobalanaceae Licania littoralis Licania 43 84 27 62 tomentosa Dilleniaceae Davilla kunthii Preyed on Ebenaceae Diospyros sp. 8 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpaceae sp. Euphorbiaceae Dalechampia 3 4.5 coriacea Euphorbiaceae sp. 1 Euphorbiaceae sp. 10 Euphorbiaceae sp. 12 Euphorbiaceae sp. 13 Euphorbiaceae sp. 14 Euphorbiaceae sp. 15 Euphorbiaceae sp. 16 Euphorbiaceae sp. 17 Euphorbiaceae sp. 18 Euphorbiaceae sp. 2 Euphorbiaceae sp. 21 Euphorbiaceae sp. 22 Euphorbiaceae sp. 3 Euphorbiaceae sp. 5 Euphorbiaceae sp. 6 Euphorbiaceae sp. 7 Euphorbiaceae sp. 9 Fabaceae Apuleia 21.7 50 5.406 7.048 leiocarpa Bauhinia 15.5 130 5 7.73 acuruana Bowdichia 15 40 19.234 49.85 virgilioides Inga sp. 7 Machaerium dalbergia Poecilanthe 16 36 19.042 32.482 parviflora Stryphnodendron 9.4 100 2.6 6.2 pulcherrimum Lecythidaceae Eschweilera 50 37 20 22 ovata Melastomataceae Miconia prasina 7 0.625 0.875 Miconia sp. 2 1 Myrtaceae Myrcia splendens 7.1 10.2 8.13 13.6 Myrtaceae sp. 2 Myrtaceae sp. 3 Nyctaginaceae Guapira noxia 4.65 13.4 3.3 10.15 Passifloraceae Passiflora 3 contracta Passiflora ovalis 57.5 80 4.5 8 Polygonaceae Coccoloba 3 striata Rubiaceae Guettarda 7 latyphylla Psychotria 8.75 7.81 1.64 3.61 hoffmannseggian a Psychotria 5 6 2 3 mapourioides Sapotaceae Manilkara sp. 8 Micropholis 130 6 compta Pouteria 12.55 27.55 oblanceolata Pouteria 24 31.5 12.38 19.44 ramiflora Micropholis 130 6 compta Pouteria caimito 25 35 10 23 Simaroubaceae Simarouba 15 6 12 versicolor Trigoniaceae Trigoniaceae sp. Preyed on 1 Trigoniaceae sp. Preyed on 2 Trigoniaceae sp. 3 Trigoniaceae sp. Preyed on 4 Trigoniaceae sp. 5 Trigoniaceae sp. 6 Urticaceae Cecropia 10 115 1 3 pachystachya Callicebus Annonaceae Anaxagorea 50 15 15 Preyed on melanochir dolichocarpa Xylopia 40 10 10 Preyed on ochrantha Apocynaceae Rauvolfia bahiensis Burseraceae Protium 25 25 7.18 11.32 heptaphyllum Caryocaraceae Caryocar edule 65 80 12 15 Clusiaceae Garcinia sp. Euphorbiaceae Algernonia sp. 4 Aparisthmium 7.5 3.75 5.5 Preyed on cordatum Ophthalmoblapto Preyed on n pedunculare Fabaceae Arapatiella 35 370 20.2 48 Preyed on psilophylla Icacinaceae Dischophora guianensis Lecythidaceae Eschweilera 50 37 20 22 Preyed on ovata Malpighiaceae Byrsonima sp. 4 Melastomataceae Henriettea 6 0.4 0.4 succosa Miconia 3.11 4.6 0.3 0.3 hypoleuca Miconia lurida 1 Moraceae Brosimum 25 29 6 8 Preyed on rubescens Helicostylis 21.6 27.7 7.25 7.88 tomentosa Myristicaceae Virola officinalis Myrtaceae Eugenia beaurepaireana Myrtaceae sp. 2 Preyed on Polygonaceae Coccoloba 3 parimensis Rubiaceae Psychotria 2.5 4.5 vellosiana Stachyarrhena sp. Sapotaceae Micropholis sp. 6 Vochysiaceae Vochysia Preyed on rectiflora Vochysia Preyed on riedeliana Callicebus Anacardiaceae Tapirira obtusa 5 nigrifrons Annonaceae Annona cacans 115 120 6 13 Bignoniaceae Amphilophium 35 Preyed on sp. Fridericia sp. 8 Handroanthus 12 210 8 20 chrysotrichus Petastoma Preyed on samydoides Boraginaceae Tournefortia sp. Clethraceae Clethra scabra 9 1 1 Clusiaceae Clusia sp. 1 2 Tovomitopsis paniculata Cucurbitaceae Wilbrandia sp. Euphorbiaceae Alchornea 5 5 3.2 4.3 Preyed on glandulosa Alchornea 8 11 4.308 4.95 triplinervia Croton 13 10 4.174 5.324 Preyed on floribundus Tetrorchidium 6 6 5 5 rubrivenium Fabaceae Andira sp. Inga marginata 10 120 10 10 Inga sellowiana 20 100 7 Inga sessilis 30 130 10 15 Machaerium sp. Preyed on Zollernia ilicifolia Flacourtiaceae Casearia 10 11 6 6 decandra Lamiaceae Aegiphila 5 13 3 6 integrifolia Vitex sp. 9 Lauraceae Cryptocarya 25 25 20 21 aschersoniana Cryptocarya 20 24 15 22 mandioccana Ocotea puberula 5 9 5 8 Persea 95 155 6 americana Persea venosa 8 8 6.5 7 Loranthaceae Struthanthus uraguensis Malpighiaceae Dicella bracteosa 27.5 26.6 11.8 15 Preyed on Melastomataceae Miconia 3.22 4.45 1 1 cinnamomifolia Miconia 1 sellowiana Melastomatacea sp. 3 Melastomatacea sp. 4 Meliaceae Cabralea 10 18 9 11 Preyed on canjerana Carapa sp. Preyed on Moraceae Ficus 1 luschnathiana Myrtaceae Eugenia 23.07 34.61 7 10 involucrata Eugenia 6.35 9.85 6.45 7.45 punicifolia Eugenia 30 40 9.84 11.8 pyriformis Marlierea clausseniana Myrcia 3.95 laruotteana Myrcia splendens 7.1 10.2 8.13 13.6 Myrciaria delicatula Psidium guajava 44 55 1.99 3.82 Nyctaginaceae Guapira opposita 11 13 6 10 Passifloraceae Passiflora 3 speciosa Poaceae Merostachys 3.7 10 fischeriana Primulaceae Myrsine coriacea 2 3 2 2 Proteaceae Roupala montana 13.3 30 7.41 20 Preyed on Eriobotrya 41.25 51.25 15.7 18.57 japonica Prunus myrtifolia 8 6 6 8 Rubiaceae Amaioua 10 17 3 4 guianensis Rubiaceae Psychotria 2.5 4.5 vellosiana Rutaceae Zanthoxylum 2 3 4 4 rhoifolium Sapindaceae Allophylus 10 12 6 9 petiolulatus Cupania 11 17 10 17 oblongifolia Cupania vernalis 10 11 6.9 9.58 Paullinia sp. 9 Sapotaceae Chrysophyllum 17 21 7.02 12.9 gonocarpum Pouteria sp. 12 Solanaceae Solanum 20.5 2 cinnamomeum Solanum 11 16 1.75 1.75 mauritianum Solanaceae Solanum 11.95 13.2 3.55 3.55 variabile Styracaceae Styrax 4 8.5 4.514 6.958 ferrugineus Styrax pohlii 10 40 7 15 Urticaceae Cecropia sp. 1 Callicebus Annonaceae Annona sp. 6 personatus Euphorbiaceae Croton sp. 4 Fabaceae Fabaceae sp. Inga sp. 7 Inga sp. 2 7 Myrtaceae Myrcia sp. Myrtaceae Plinia sp. 9 Myrtaceae Psidium sp. Myrtaceae Syzygium jambos 40 61.25 17.5 18.75 Rosaceae Eriobotrya 41.25 51.25 15.7 18.57 japonica Sapindaceae Paullinia sp. 9 Sapotaceae Manilkara 8 paraensis Urticaceae Cecropia sp. Callithrix aurita Annonaceae Annona sylvatica 53 55 7.42 14.1 Araceae Anthurium sp. 1 Bromeliaceae Aechmea sp. 1 Cactaceae Epiphyllum 80 30 2 2 phyllanthus Hatiora sp. Rhipsalis sp. Fabaceae Inga barbata 20 110 7 Inga marginata 10 120 10 10 Flacourtiaceae Casearia 10 11 6 6 decandra Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae sp. Loranthaceae Loranthaceae sp. Melastomataceae Miconia 1 fasciculata Meliaceae Trichilia catigua 10 20 5 12 Trichilia 6.5 12 5 8 claussenii Moraceae Ficus enormis 14 14 1.2 1.5 Maclura tinctoria 20 25 1.36 3.63 Myrtaceae Eugenia 23.07 34.61 7 10 involucrata Myrcia splendens 7.5 10 6 6 Picramniaceae Picramnia cf. glazioviana Piperaceae Piper sp. 1 Rubiaceae Cordiera concolor Santalaceae Phoradendron sp. Solanaceae Solanum 20.5 2 cinnamomeum Callithrix flaviceps Araceae Anthurium 6.75 6.75 1.75 2.75 scandens Arecaceae Arecaceae sp. Boraginaceae Tournefortia bicolor Cactaceae Rhipsalis sp. Chrysobalanaceae Hirtella sprucei Clusiaceae Clusiaceae sp. 2 Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum 3 subracemosum Euphorbiaceae Aparisthmium 7.5 3.75 5.5 cordatum Fabaceae Inga cyclica 7 Inga sp. 2 7 Zygia sp. Flacourtiaceae Casearia sp. Lamiaceae Vitex sp. 9 Melastomataceae Miconia 1 dodecandra Moraceae Clarisia ilicifolia 10 12.5 Ficus sp. 1 Sorocea 6 10 7 7 guilleminiana Myrtaceae Myrcia splendens 7.1 10.2 8.13 13.6 Primulaceae Clavija spinosa Rubiaceae Coussarea sp. Psychotria 212 hastisepala Sapindaceae Allophylus sp. 4 Sapotaceae Pouteria sp. 12 Siparunaceae Siparuna 10.2 10 2.75 5 Preyed on guianensis Callithrix geoffroyi Anacardiaceae Schinus 4 5 3 3 terebinthifolius Tapirira 5 10 5 10 guianensis Annonaceae Annona bahiensis 6 Fusaea longifolia 88.57 91.42 7.14 10.7 Guatteria 6 10 5 8 australis Xylopia 40 10 10 ochrantha Apocynaceae Tabernaemontan 9.7 18.85 3.65 6.65 a hystrix Boraginaceae Cordia sp. 7 Tournefortia sp. Swallowed Burseraceae Protium 25 25 7.18 11.32 heptaphyllum Protium icicariba Chrysobalanaceae Chrysobalanacea e sp. Elaeocarpaceae Muntingia 14 1 calabura Emmotaceae Emmotum acuminatum Euphorbiaceae Pera 3 heteranthera Fabaceae Inga capitata 22 100 5 12 Inga laurina 32.2 65.5 11.1 13.3 Inga stipularis 7 Inga thibaudiana 29.3 154.6 5 13 Flacourtiaceae Casearia 7 8.5 3.6 5.2 commersoniana Hypericaceae Vismia 5 15 guianensis Lecythidaceae Eschweilera 50 37 20 22 ovata Malpighiaceae Byrsonima 7 7 3.4 6 sericea Byrsonima 15.86 15.96 7.38 7.7 stipulacea Melastomataceae Henriettea 6 0.4 0.4 succosa Miconia 0.5 dodecandra Miconia sp. 1 Swallowed Menispermaceae Abuta sp. 11 Moraceae Artocarpus 266.6 423.3 11.25 11.25 heterophyllus Clarisia ilicifolia 10 12.5 Morus nigra 1 Sorocea 6 10 7 7 guilleminiana Myrtaceae Campomanesia sp. Psidium guajava 44 55 1.99 3.82 Syzygium cumini 21.9 28.57 11.4 23.8 Nyctaginaceae Guapira opposita 11 13 6 10 Rutaceae Esenbeckia 25 30 4.63 6.97 leiocarpa Sapindaceae Allophylus edulis 5 7.5 4 6 Sapotaceae Pouteria sp. 12 Solanaceae Solanaceae sp. 3 Urticaceae Cecropia sp. 1 Swallowed Callithrix jacchus Anacardiaceae Anacardium 45 90 23 31 occidentale Spondias dulcis 59 84 50 75 Spondias 19.1 35.8 15.83 26.66 purpurea Tapirira 5 10 5 10 guianensis Annonaceae Annona muricata 131.1 204.4 7.5 17.5 Cactaceae Rhipsalis baccifera Combretaceae Terminalia 15 30 catappa Fabaceae Clitoria 30 150 15 19 Preyed on fairchildiana Inga sp. 7 Moraceae Artocarpus altilis 124 142 15 15 Artocarpus 266.6 423.3 11.25 11.25 heterophyllus Myristicaceae Myristicaceae sp. Myrtaceae Eugenia handroi Psidium 15 6 6 oligospermum Psidium guajava 44 55 1.99 3.82 Syzygium cumini 21.9 28.57 11.4 23.8 Polygonaceae Coccoloba sp. 3 Polygonaceae sp. Rosaceae Rosaceae sp. Sapindaceae Allophylus 10 12 6 9 puberulus Sapotaceae Sapotaceae sp. Ulmaceae Ulmaceae sp. Urticaceae Cecropia 10 115 1 3 pachystachya Verbenaceae Verbenaceae sp. Callithrix kuhlii Anacardiaceae Tapirira 5 10 5 10 guianensis Apocynaceae Macoubea 64 80 10 20 guianensis Fabaceae Inga tenuis 7 Malvaceae Hydrogaster trinervis Melastomataceae Henriettea 6 0.4 0.4 succosa Miconia 0.7 0.8 1 mirabilis Moraceae Artocarpus 266.6 423.3 11.25 11.25 heterophyllus Ficus sp. 1 Musaceae Musa 30 120 4 paradisiaca Myrtaceae Plinia cauliflora 36.6 36.6 10 20 Psidium guajava 44 55 1.99 3.82 Passifloraceae Passiflora sp. 3 Sapotaceae Diploon 21 21 14 17 cuspidatum Micropholis 12 13.5 7 11 guyanensis Pradosia 10 bahiensis Urticaceae Pourouma 9 15 6 13.5 velutina Callithix penicillata Annonaceae Annona mucosa Melastomataceae Miconia sp. Moraceae Artocarpus 266.6 423.3 11.25 11.25 heterophyllus Morus nigra 1 Musaceae Musa 30 120 4 paradisiaca Myrtaceae Eugenia brasiliensis Eugenia uniflora 30 25 7.66 8.3 Psidium 24.6 26.15 2.3 3 cattleianum Psidium guajava 44 55 1.99 3.82 Syzygium cumini 21.9 28.57 11.4 23.8 Urticaceae Cecropia 10 120 1 2 glaziovii Leontopithecus Anacardiaceae Tapirira 5 10 5 10 caissara guianensis Annonaceae Annona 33 34 5 8 neosericea Guatteria 6 10 5 8 australis Aquifoliaceae Ilex pseudobuxus 2 Ilex theezans 2 Araceae Monstera 8 11 7.25 8.5 adansonii Monstera sp. 2 7 Philodendron 1 bipinnatifidum Philodendron 63 4 4 imbe Arecaceae Syagrus 22 23 15.45 20.918 romanzoffiana Bignoniaceae Tabebuia 10 170 7 22 cassinoides Bromeliaceae Aechmea 7 16 1 nudicaulis Cecropiaceae Coussapoa 17 17 12 17 microcarpa Clusiaceae Calophyllum 26 26 15.456 18.558 brasiliense Clusia criuva 6 12 2 4 Fabaceae Inga vera 10 120 1 2 Preyed on Lamiaceae Vitex polygama 20 20 6 13 Lauraceae Ocotea pulchella 7 13 4.568 7.682 Malpighiaceae Byrsonima 11.5 9 6.8 6.9 ligustrifolia Marcgraviaceae Marcgravia 15 18 0.5 <1 polyantha Schwartzia langsdorfii Moraceae Ficus sp. 1 Ficus sp. 2 1 Ficus sp. 3 1 Myrtaceae Campomanesia 21 18 6 7 xanthocarpa Eugenia astringens Eugenia ellipsoidea Eugenia 17 19 14 17 neoglomerata Eugenia sulcata 10 11 5 5 Marlierea 18 16 11 11 eugeniopsoides Marlierea silvatica Marlierea 7 10 11 13 tomentosa Myrcia isaiana 10 Myrcia multiflora 6 4 4 Myrcia palustris Myrcia racemosa 17 14 11.5 15.6 Myrcia splendens 7.1 10.2 8.13 13.6 Psidium 24.6 26.15 2.3 3 cattleianum Primulaceae Myrsine 3 gardneriana Myrsine 4 4 3.8 4 lancifolia Primulaceae sp. Rubiaceae Amaioua 10 17 3 4 guianensis Posoqueria 36 49 12 12 latifolia Santalaceae Phoradendron crassifolium Sapindaceae Paullinia sp. 9 Sapotaceae Manilkara 18.33 17.5 7.5 10.83 subsericea Smilacaceae Smilax elastica Urticaceae Cecropia 10 120 1 2 glaziovii Cecropia 10 115 1 3 pachystachya Coussapoa 17 17 12 17 microcarpa Verbenaceae Calyptranthes sp. Leontopithecus Acanthaceae Mendoncia 7 chrysomelas blanchetiana Achariaceae Carpotroche 100 120 13 15 brasiliensis Anacardiaceae Anacardium 45 90 23 31 occidentale Bactris 10 ferruginea Tapirira 5 10 5 10 Dispersed guianensis Thyrsodium spruceanum Annonaceae Annona bahiensis 6 Dispersed Annona 96 100 10 20 Dispersed salzmannii Duguetia 8 magnolioidea Apocynaceae Lacmellea 10 aculeata Lacmellea Dispersed bahiensis Macoubea 64 80 10 20 Dispersed guianensis Araceae Araceae sp. 2 Dispersed Philodendron 1 Dispersed bipinnatifidum Philodendron 1 williamsii Arecaceae Bactris setosa 15 15 10 13 Dispersed Elaeis guineensis 24 50 22 26 Not dispersed Bignoniaceae Adenocalymma coriaceum Boraginaceae Cordia aberrans 7 Cordia bicolor 7 Cordia 13 18 6 10 ecalyculata Cordia 10 11 6 7 magnoliifolia Cordia nodosa 7 Cordia sp. 7 Dispersed Bromeliaceae Aechmea 1 Not dispersed depressa Aechmea sp. 1 Dispersed Bromeliaceae sp. 1 Dispersed Lymania azurea Preyed on Burseraceae Protium 25 25 7.18 11.32 heptaphyllum Tetragastris Spat out catuaba Caryocaraceae Anthodiscus 14 23 amazonicus Celastraceae Celastraceae sp. 2 Dispersed Celastraceae sp. 3 Dispersed Celastraceae sp. 4 Dispersed Celastraceae sp. 5 Dispersed Celastraceae sp. 6 Dispersed Celastraceae sp. 7 Preyed on Celastraceae sp. 8 Dispersed Celastraceae sp. 9 Dispersed Celastraceae sp. Dispersed 10 Celastraceae sp. Dispersed 11 Celastraceae sp. Dispersed 12 Celastraceae sp. Preyed on 13 Cheiloclinium 44 61 21 39 Dispersed cognatum Chrysobalanaceae Couepia 25 impressa Licania discolor Clusiaceae Garcinia 50 71.4 35.7 45.7 macrophylla Symphonia 37 39 22 31 Spat out globulifera Cucurbitaceae Cayaponia petiolulata Gurania sp. Ebenaceae Diospyros miltonii Diospyros sp. 8 Dispersed Elaeocarpaceae Sloanea 6 obtusifolia Euphorbiaceae Croton 4 macrobothrys Mabea piriri Pogonophora 4.75 7.5 4.25 4.25 schomburgkiana Fabaceae Bauhinia 5 pulchella Diallium 13 19 3.58 8.1 guianense Inga edulis 20 370 10 23 Inga subnuda 22.5 117.25 10.5 Dispersed Inga tenuis 7 Dispersed Inga thibaudiana 29.3 154.6 5 13 Dispersed Inga vera 10 120 1 2 Macrolobium latifolium Pterocarpus 60 3 rohrii Flacourtiaceae Casearia Dispersed bahiensis Hypericaceae Vismia latifolia 13 14 8.2 10 Dispersed Lauraceae Nectandra sp. 7 Ocotea aciphylla 7 Ocotea 6 10 4.5 5.5 corymbosa Ocotea insignis 7 Ocotea nitida 7 Lecythidaceae Eschweilera 50 37 20 22 ovata Malpighiaceae Byrsonima 6 6 japurensis Byrsonima sp. 4 Dispersed Malvaceae Hydrogaster trinervis Theobroma 90 190 12.8 21.92 cacao Melastomataceae Henriettea 6 0.4 0.4 Dispersed succosa Miconia 1 calvescens Miconia 3.11 4.6 0.3 0.3 Dispersed hypoleuca Miconia 0.8 0.7 1 Dispersed mirabilis Miconia prasina 7 0.625 0.875 Meliaceae Trichilia 5 magnifoliola Trichilia 5 quadrijuga Menispermaceae Anomospermum 26 22 10.4 10.4 Dispersed reticulatum Chondrodendron 12.5 18 10 14 microphyllum Hyperbaena 13.9 22 domingensis Moraceae Artocarpus 266.6 423.3 11.25 11.25 heterophyllus Brosimum 25 29 6 8 rubescens Ficus gomelleira 17 19 1.2 <3 Dispersed Ficus hirsuta 1 Dispersed Ficus sp. 3 1 Dispersed Helicostylis 21.6 27.7 7.25 7.88 Dispersed tomentosa Musaceae Musa 30 120 4 paradisiaca Myrtaceae Campomanesia 23 20 8 9.5 Dispersed dichotoma Campomanesia 22 17 6 8 guaviroba Eugenia ayacuchae Eugenia 11 20 9 12 cerasiflora Eugenia Spat out itapemirimensis Eugenia 67.7 85.5 28.88 28.88 malaccensis Eugenia mandioccensis Eugenia 6.35 9.85 6.45 7.45 punicifolia Eugenia rostrata 11 12 1.5 <3 Dispersed Marlierea clausseniana Marlierea obversa Marlierea racemosa Marlierea 27 21 10.4 17.5 Dispersed verticillaris Myrcia amplexicaulis Myrcia bergiana 8 6 6 Myrcia gigantea 15 18 11 11 Dispersed Myrcia racemosa 17 14 11.5 15.6 Myrcia splendens 7.1 10.2 8.13 13.6 Dispersed Myrcia thyrsoidea Myrcia vittoriana Myrciaria 8 9 4.16 5.41 floribunda Neomitranthes 13 16 10 12 Dispersed obscura Plinia cauliflora 36.6 36.6 10 20 Plinia 9 stictophylla Psidium 24.6 26.15 2.3 3 cattleianum Psidium guajava 44 55 1.99 3.82 Dispersed Syzygium jambos 40 61.25 17.5 18.75 Nyctaginaceae Guapira opposita 11 13 6 10 Neea floribunda Olacaceae Cathedra sp. Not dispersed Passifloraceae Passiflora 14.5 212.5 6.25 10 Dispersed quadrangularis Passiflora 3 silvestris Polygonaceae Coccoloba sp. 3 Rubiaceae Faramea sp.1 8 Guettarda 7 platyphylla Randia armata 20 21 7 7 Dispersed Simira rubra 15 17 6 6 Dispersed Stachyarrhena harleyi Tocoyena bullata 10 Dispersed Rutaceae Hortia brasiliana 40 43 4 8 Zanthoxylum 2 3 4 4 rhoifolium Sapindaceae Chrysophyllum 20 40 8 16 Spat out splendens Sapindaceae sp. Dispersed Talisia cerasina Spat out Talisia macrophylla Sapotaceae Chrysophyllum 20 40 8 16 Dispersed splendens Diploon 21 21 14 17 Spat out cuspidatum Ecclinusa Spat out ramiflora Manilkara 8 Dispersed longifolia Manilkara 8 Spat out maxima Manilkara 18 22 8 11 Dispersed salzmannii Micropholis 6 crassipedicellata Micropholis 12 13.5 7 11 Dispersed guyanensis Micropholis 10.5 14 5.8 10.8 venulosa Pouteria bangii 18.21 27.48 9.39 19.98 Pouteria 96 60 14.5 14.5 grandiflora Pouteria sp. 3 12 Pradosia 10 bahiensis Pradosia 10 lactescens Schoepfiaceae Schoepfia brasiliensis Simaroubaceae Simarouba 10 13 5 11 amara Urticaceae Cecropia 10 120 1 2 glaziovii Pourouma 18 17 8.3 17.18 Dispersed guianensis Pourouma mollis 10 15 6 12 Dispersed Pourouma 9 15 6 13.5 Dispersed velutina Violaceae Rinorea Preyed on guianensis Vitaceae Cissus nobilis Cissus sp. Dispersed Leontopithecus Acanthaceae Mendoncia 14 17 7 14 Dispersed chrysopygus velloziana Anacardiaceae Tapirira 5 10 5 10 guianensis Annonaceae Duguetia 80 80 8.36 19.76 lanceolata Arecaceae Syagrus 22 23 15.45 20.918 romanzoffiana Boraginaceae Cordia 13 18 6 10 Dispersed ecalyculata Boraginaceae Cordia superba 20 22 8 10 Burseraceae Protium 11 11 5 10 spruceanum Burseraceae Protium 12 16 9 16 Dispersed widgrenii Cactaceae Pereskia 20 25 1 5 aculeata Cannabaceae Celtis iguanaea 7 9 4 6 Dispersed Cannabaceae Celtis pubescens 4 Dispersed Fabaceae Inga striata 20 130 6 10 Dispersed Loranthaceae Struthanthus marginatus Meliaceae Trichilia catigua 10 20 5 12 Menispermaceae Abuta sp. 11 Moraceae Ficus guaranitica 17 20 1.25 1.432 Moraceae Ficus organensis 5 8 0.5 Dispersed Moraceae Ficus tomentella 1 Dispersed Moraceae Ficus trigona 9 16 1 <1 Myrtaceae Eugenia sulcata 10 11 5 5 Myrtaceae Myrciaria sp. Rhamnaceae Rhamnidium 8 14 5.386 8.904 Dispersed elaeocarpum Sapotaceae Chrysophyllum 17 21 7.02 12.9 gonocarpum Leontopithecus Anacardiaceae Tapirira 5 10 5 10 Dispersed rosalia guianensis Annonaceae Annona 115 156.9 5.7 7.3 Dispersed dolabripetala Arecaceae Bactris setosa 15 15 10 13 Preyed on Clusiaceae Garcinia 31 30 25 25 Not dispersed brasiliensis Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae 24.7 25.8 6.52 6.52 Dispersed sp. 1 Fabaceae Inga edulis 20 370 10 23 Dispersed Inga edulis 20 370 10 23 Dispersed Inga praegnans 13.5 95 8.33 10.98 Dispersed Inga subnuda 22.5 117.25 10.5 Dispersed Inga thibaudiana 29.3 154.6 5 13 Dispersed Flacourtiaceae Casearia 10 11 6 6 Dispersed decandra Malpighiaceae Byrsonima 15.86 15.96 7.38 7.7 Dispersed stipulacea Melastomataceae Henriettea 0.85 0.85 Dispersed saldanhaei Miconia 3.22 4.45 1 1 Dispersed cinnamomifolia Miconia 3.11 4.6 0.3 0.3 Dispersed hypoleuca Miconia 5.38 6.3 1 Dispersed latecrenata Miconia lepidota 1 Dispersed Menispermaceae Abuta sp. 1 16.4 32.9 15 27.5 Dispersed Hyperbaena 13.9 22 Dispersed domingensis Moraceae Ficus gomelleira 17 19 1.2 <3 Dispersed Helicostylis 21.6 27.7 7.25 7.88 Dispersed tomentosa Sorocea hilarii 7.9 9.57 8 8 Dispersed Myrtaceae Calycorectes sp. 13.3 13.3 6.68 6.68 Not dispersed Calyptranthes Dispersed lucida Campomanesia Dispersed espiritosantensis Campomanesia 14 14 2 2 Dispersed eugenioides Eugenia excelsa 6 6 6 6 Not dispersed Eugenia 23.07 34.61 7 10 Not dispersed involucrata Eugenia 26.3 38.4 Not dispersed robustovenosa Eugenia sp. 4 18.5 38.8 12.53 14.27 Not dispersed Marlierea 6.3 Dispersed excoriata Marlierea Dispersed subacuminata Myrcia splendens 7.1 10.2 8.13 13.6 Dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 1 9.8 10.82 7.33 8.34 Not dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 10 Dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 11 Dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 12 Not dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 13 Dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 2 Not dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 2 Not dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 3 21.8 19.9 14.25 14.25 Not dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 4 22.1 23.4 21.1 23.1 Not dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 5 13.4 22.2 9.8 15.5 Not dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 6 Not dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 7 Not dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 8 Not dispersed Myrtaceae sp. 9 Dispersed Nyctaginaceae Guapira opposita 11 13 6 10 Not dispersed Passifloraceae Passiflora 20 32.5 5 5 Dispersed rhamnifolia Polygonaceae Coccoloba sp. 1 3 Not dispersed Rhamnaceae Rhamnidium 8 14 5.386 8.904 Dispersed elaeocarpum Rubiaceae Faramea 8 Not dispersed bracteata Faramea 7.46 8.14 8 Dispersed multiflora Posoqueria 50 50 13 17 Dispersed acutifolia Posoqueria 36 49 12 12 Dispersed latifolia Psychotria sp. 1 12.48 14.34 5.33 10 Not dispersed Randia sp. 1 8 Dispersed Randia sp. 2 21.97 27.97 10.5 11.4 Dispersed Tocoyena 44.7 46.5 10.5 12.4 Dispersed brasiliensis Sapindaceae Paullinia 11.54 12.52 9.39 9.39 Not dispersed ferruginea Sapotaceae Ecclinusa Not dispersed ramiflora Micropholis 9 Dispersed gardneriana Micropholis 12 13.5 7 11 Dispersed guyanensis Pouteria bangii 18.21 27.48 9.39 19.98 Dispersed Pradosia sp. 1 10 Dispersed Sapotaceae sp. 15.28 21.03 10.5 17.95 Not dispersed Sarcaulus 20 23 11 16 Dispersed brasiliensis Simaroubaceae Simarouba 10 13 5 11 Not dispersed amara Urticaceae Cecropia 10 120 1 2 Dispersed glaziovii Cecropia 20 170 0.96 1.7 Dispersed hololeuca Cecropia 10 115 1 3 Dispersed pachystachya Pourouma 18 17 8.3 17.18 Dispersed guianensis Sapajus flavius Anacardiaceae Anacardium 45 90 23 31 occidentale Spondias mombin 22 31 13 26 Tapirira 5 10 5 10 guianensis Annonaceae Annona glabra 80 93 9.09 15.7 Guatteria sp. Xylopia 10 13 4 5.5 frutescens Arecaceae Acrocomia 40 50 25 25 aculeata Attalea sp. Elaeis guineensis 24 50 22 26 Elaeis oleifera 20 26 8 14 Burseraceae Protium 25 25 7.18 11.32 heptaphyllum Chrysobalanaceae Couepia sp. 25 Clusiaceae Symphonia 37 39 22 31 globulifera Cucurbitaceae Gurania sp. Elaeocarpaceae Sloanea 7 12 6 11 guianensis Euphorbiaceae Pogonophora 4.75 7.5 4.25 4.25 schomburgkiana Fabaceae Inga thibaudiana 29.3 154.6 5 13 Lecythidaceae Eschweilera 50 37 20 22 ovata Lecythis pisonis 190 220 17.06 30.88 Malpighiaceae Byrsonima sp. 4 Melastomataceae Miconia 3.22 4.45 1 1 cinnamomifolia Moraceae Artocarpus 266.6 423.3 11.25 11.25 heterophyllus Passifloraceae Passiflora sp. 3 Sapotaceae Pouteria 96 60 14.5 14.5 grandiflora Urticaceae Cecropia sp. 1 Sapajus libidinosus Annonaceae Annona cacans 115 120 6 13 Annona sylvatica 53 55 7.42 14.1 Xylopia 23 36 2.794 6.032 aromatica Arecaceae Acrocomia 40 50 25 25 aculeata Syagrus 22 23 15.45 20.918 romanzoffiana Cucurbitaceae Momordica 23 78 Preyed on charantia Euphorbiaceae Croton 13 10 4.174 5.324 floribundus Fabaceae Albizia 13 10 4 6.5 Preyed on polycephala Enterolobium 50 60 6.896 11.796 contortisiliquum Hymenaea 50 130 14.54 26.74 courbaril Inga edulis 20 370 10 23 Senna multijuga 20 140 1.5 8 Flacourtiaceae Casearia 2.5 3 0.6 0.8 gossypiosperma Flacourtiaceae Casearia obliqua 3 3.25 1 1.5 Lauraceae Nectandra 12 20 10.4 13 lanceolata Nectandra 9 12 6.37 13.06 megapotamica Lecythidaceae Cariniana 35 87 10 30 Preyed on estrellensis Cariniana legalis 20 44 4.69 9.588 Preyed on Magnoliaceae Magnolia ovata 9 14 5.856 9.422 Malpighiaceae Banisteriopsis sp. 2 Preyed on Malvaceae Guazuma 20 21 0.3 0.54 ulmifolia Luehea 10 20 6 14 Preyed on divaricata Guarea guidonia 10 25 10.774 16.2 Preyed on Guarea 38 40 10 20 Preyed on kunthiana Guarea 9 13 10 Preyed on macrophylla Melia azedarach 20 Trichilia catigua 10 20 5 12 Trichilia 6.5 12 5 8 claussenii Trichilia elegans 5 8.75 Trichilia hirta 6 7 4.4 5.14 Moraceae Ficus insipida 34 35 1 2.5 Myrtaceae Eugenia 11.65 7 7 ligustrina Eugenia sulcata 10 11 5 5 Psidium guajava 44 55 1.99 3.82 Poaceae Merostachys sp. 4 Preyed on Rhamnaceae Rhamnidium 8 14 5.386 8.904 Preyed on elaeocarpum Rutaceae Zanthoxylum 2 3 4 4 rhoifolium Sapindaceae Allophylus 4.5 9 semidentatus Thymelaeaceae Daphnopsis fasciculata Ulmaceae Ulmaceae sp. 1 Ulmaceae sp. 2 Urticaceae Cecropia 20 170 0.96 1.7 hololeuca Urera baccifera 7 5 2 3 Sapajus nigritus Acanthaceae Mendoncia 14 17 7 14 Dispersed velloziana Annonaceae Annona 33 34 5 8 Dispersed neosericea Duguetia 80 80 8.36 19.76 lanceolata Xylopia 10 15 4.02 7.04 Preyed on brasiliensis Apocynaceae Aspidosperma 15 45 9.122 24.69 Preyed on polyneuron Araceae Anthurium 1 Dispersed crassinervium Anthurium 1 Dispersed harrisii Heteropsis 14 16 6 14 Dispersed oblongifolia Monstera 8 11 7.25 8.5 Dispersed adansonii Philodendron 0.5 1 Dispersed appendiculatum Philodendron 6 9 2 3 Dispersed corcovadense Philodendron 1 Dispersed crassinervium Philodendron 1 Dispersed eximium Philodendron 1 Dispersed ochrostemon Arecaceae Euterpe edulis 14 14 11.668 11.668 Preyed on Syagrus 22 23 15.45 20.918 romanzoffiana Bignoniaceae Adenocalymma Preyed on sp. Amphilophium 56 220 35 50 Preyed on crucigerum Dolichandra Preyed on dentata Fridericia 8 Preyed on triplinervia Pyrostegia 8.57 35 Preyed on venusta Stizophyllum 350 4 Preyed on perforatum Zeyheria 120 165 51 51 Preyed on tuberculosa Boraginaceae Cordia 13 18 6 10 Dispersed ecalyculata Cordia 12 15 8.498 11.564 sellowiana Cordia sp. 7 Dispersed Cactaceae Pereskia 20 25 1 5 aculeata Pereskia 20 25 1 5 Dispersed aculeata Cannabaceae Celtis 16 Dispersed ehrenbergiana Celtis iguanaea 7 9 4 6 Dispersed Caricaceae Jacaratia spinosa 42 68 5 6 Celastraceae Hippocratea sp. 7 20 Maytenus sp. 7 Dispersed Celastraceae Salacia sp. Dispersed Clusiaceae Clusia criuva 6 12 2 4 Dispersed Cucurbitaceae Gurania sp. Dispersed Euphorbiaceae Actinostemon Preyed on klotzschii Aparisthmium 7.5 3.75 5.5 cordatum Croton 13 10 4.174 5.324 floribundus Mabea fistulifera 15 9 5.564 7.554 Fabaceae Cassia 20 310 5.62 7.612 Preyed on ferruginea Copaifera 20 23 8.38 13.02 langsdorffii Hymenaea 50 130 14.54 26.74 Dispersed courbaril Inga edulis 20 370 10 23 Dispersed Inga marginata 10 120 10 10 Dispersed Inga striata 20 130 6 10 Inga vera 10 120 1 2 Dispersed Piptadenia 20 130 6 9 Preyed on gonoacantha Zollernia ilicifolia Lamiaceae Vitex sp. 9 Dispersed Lauraceae Cryptocarya 20 24 15 22 Dispersed mandioccana Nectandra 9 12 6.37 13.06 megapotamica Ocotea spixiana 10 23 5 9 Lecythidaceae Cariniana legalis 20 44 4.69 9.588 Preyed on Loganiaceae Strychnos sp. 13 Dispersed Malpighiaceae Banisteriopsis 2 Preyed on muricata Dicella bracteosa 27.5 26.6 11.8 15 Preyed on Malvaceae Guazuma 20 21 0.3 0.54 Preyed on ulmifolia Luehea 10 20 6 14 Preyed on divaricata Marcgraviaceae Marcgravia 15 18 0.5 <1 Dispersed polyantha Norantea sp. 1 Dispersed Melastomataceae Miconia 3.22 4.45 1 1 cinnamomifolia Miconia 1 Dispersed inaequidens Miconia 1 pusilliflora Meliaceae Cabralea 10 18 9 11 Preyed on canjerana Guarea 38 40 10 20 kunthiana Menispermaceae Abuta selloana 17 32 11 16 Dispersed Hyperbaena sp. Dispersed Moraceae Artocarpus 266.6 423.3 11.25 11.25 heterophyllus Ficus enormis 14 14 1.2 1.5 Dispersed Ficus eximia 19 20 0.6 0.6 Dispersed Ficus gomelleira 17 19 1.2 <3 Dispersed Ficus insipida 34 35 1 2.5 Dispersed Ficus 1 Dispersed luschnathiana Maclura tinctoria 20.9 19.1 1.36 3.63 Dispersed Sorocea 12 13 8 11 bonplandii Musaceae Musa velutina 25 76.62 4.67 5.45 Dispersed Myristicaceae Virola bicuhyba 15 24 13.902 22.352 Dispersed Myrtaceae Campomanesia 31 40 9 11 Dispersed neriiflora Eugenia 30 40 9.84 11.8 pyriformis Eugenia sp. Dispersed Marlierea sp. Dispersed Myrcia splendens 7.1 10.2 8.13 13.6 Psidium guajava 44 55 1.99 3.82 Dispersed Olacaceae Heisteria 12 13 10 13 Dispersed silvianii Phyllanthaceae Gonatogyne 4 6 brasiliensis Piperaceae Piper aduncum 1 Piper amalago 2.5 3 1.5 2.33 Piper 1 crassinervium Piper sp. 1 Preyed on Polygalaceae Diclidanthera 17 20 14 16 Dispersed laurifolia Rhamnaceae Rhamnidium 8 14 5.386 8.904 Preyed on elaeocarpum Rhamnidium sp. Dispersed Rubiaceae Faramea sp. 8 Posoqueria 36 49 12 12 Dispersed latifolia Psychotria 5 6 2 3 Dispersed mapourioides Psychotria Dispersed suterella Randia sp. 8 Dispersed Rutaceae Esenbeckia 25 30 4.63 6.97 Preyed on leiocarpa Metrodorea 4 Preyed on stipularis Zanthoxylum sp. 4 Preyed on Sapindaceae Paullinia pinnata 9 Dispersed Serjania sp. Preyed on Sapotaceae Chrysophyllum 20 30 5 20 Dispersed viride Schlegeliaceae Schlegelia 9 8 1 3 Dispersed parviflora Siparunaceae Siparuna 10.2 10 2.75 5 Dispersed guianensis Solanaceae Solanum 12 3.5 3.5 Dispersed argenteum Solanum 1.81 2.27 Dispersed granulosoleprosu m Urticaceae Cecropia 10 120 1 2 Dispersed glaziovii Cecropia 20 170 0.96 1.7 Dispersed hololeuca Cecropia 10 115 1 3 Dispersed pachystachya Pourouma 18 17 8.3 17.18 Dispersed guianensis Urera baccifera 7 5 2 3 Dispersed Vochysiaceae Qualea 35 61 9.88 38.62 multiflora Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae sp. Dispersed Sapajus robustus Achariaceae Carpotroche 100 120 13 15 brasiliensis Anacardiaceae Spondias 35 31 macrocarpa Annonaceae Annona 30 5 5 dolabripetala Apocynaceae Geissospermum 30 63 10 17 laeve Arecaceae Astrocaryum 35 60 18 29 aculeatissimum Attalea humilis 58 78 10 14 Elaeis guineensis 24 50 22 26 Euterpe edulis 14 14 11.668 11.668 Euterpe oleracea 12 10 9.634 9.634 Polyandrococos 40 50 24 37 caudescens Bignoniaceae Anemopaegma 6 chamberlaynii Jacaranda 33 70 15.056 15.056 puberula Bixaceae Bixa arborea 20 20 3.5 5 Boraginaceae Cordia acutifolia 7 Chrysobalanaceae Licania 93 110 44 90 salzmannii Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae sp. Euphorbiaceae Joannesia 80 90 20 30 princeps Senefeldera 15 10 5 7.5 verticilata Fabaceae Acacia mangium 2 3 Hymenaea 50 130 14.54 26.74 courbaril Inga cylindrica 7 Pterocarpus 60 3 rohrii Swartzia 50 60 20 33 acutifolia Vataireopsis 21 90 7 14 araroba Flacourtiaceae Casearia sp. Lecythidaceae Cariniana legalis 20 44 4.69 9.588 Eschweilera 50 37 20 22 ovata Lecythis 140 130 23 35 lanceolata Lecythis pisonis 190 220 17.06 30.88 Moraceae Artocarpus 266.6 423.3 11.25 11.25 heterophyllus Ficus arpazusa 8.46 10.76 1 1.33 Ficus clusiifolia 8.33 8.33 1 1.33 Ficus mariae 1 Ficus pulchella 1 Sorocea 6 10 7 7 guilleminiana Myristicaceae Virola bicuhyba 15 24 13.902 22.352 Virola gardneri 37 30 20 20 Myrtaceae Eugenia 67.7 85.5 28.88 28.88 malaccensis Plinia peruviana 21.4 21.4 9 Plinia phitrantha 25 27.5 9 Passifloraceae Mitostemma glaziovii Passiflora ovalis 57.5 80 4.5 8 Rhamnaceae Ziziphus glaziovii Salicaceae Macrothumia kuhlmannii Urticaceae Cecropia 10 120 1 2 glaziovii Cecropia 20 170 0.96 1.7 hololeuca Cecropia 10 115 1 3 pachystachya Sapajus Acanthaceae Mendoncia 16 28 10 14 Dispersed xanthosternos bahiensis Anacardiaceae Bactris 10 ferruginea Tapirira 5 10 5 10 Dispersed guianensis Annonaceae Annona glabra 80 93 9.09 15.7 Annona 96 100 10 20 Dispersed salzmannii Xylopia sericea 9.5 20.5 4.5 6 Dispersed Apocynaceae Macoubea 64 80 10 20 Dispersed guianensis Araceae Philodendron 2 4 Dispersed hederaceum Arecaceae Attalea funifera 47.04 84.21 Elaeis guineensis 24 50 22 26 Dispersed Euterpe edulis 14 14 11.668 11.668 Boraginaceae Cordia 7 anabaptista Bromeliaceae Aechmea 1 Dispersed conifera Burseraceae Protium 1.2 1.9 Dispersed warmingiana Celastraceae Cheiloclinium 44 61 21 39 cognatum Maytenus sp. 7 Chrysobalanaceae Couepia belemii 25 Couepia 25 monteclarensis Combretaceae Buchenavia 17.5 27.5 11 23 Dispersed hoehneana Euphorbiaceae Dalechampia 3 4.5 ilheotica Pera glabrata 10 12 3 6 Fabaceae Inga capitata 22 100 5 12 Inga edulis 20 370 10 23 Dispersed Inga subnuda 22.5 117.25 4.5 14.5 Dispersed Inga thibaudiana 29.3 154.6 5 13 Senna multijuga 20 140 1.5 8 Lecythidaceae Eschweilera 20 Preyed on mattos-silvae Eschweilera 50 37 20 22 Preyed on ovata Loganiaceae Strychnos sp. 21 21 13 15.5 Dispersed Malvaceae Apeiba tibourbou Theobroma 90 190 12.8 21.92 Dispersed cacao Melastomataceae Henriettea 6 0.4 0.4 Dispersed succosa Miconia amoena 1 Miconia 3.22 4.45 1 1 Dispersed cinnamomifolia Miconia 3.11 4.6 0.3 0.3 hypoleuca Miconia prasina 7 0.625 0.875 Meliaceae Guarea 10 blanchetii Menispermaceae Anomospermum 26 22 10.4 10.4 Dispersed reticulatum Chondrodendron 12.5 18 10 14 Dispersed microphyllum Orthomene 10.7 29.2 Dispersed schomburkii Moraceae Artocarpus 266.6 423.3 11.25 11.25 heterophyllus Brosimum 25 29 6 8 Dispersed rubescens Ficus hirsuta 1 Helicostylis 21.6 27.7 7.25 7.88 Dispersed tomentosa Musaceae Musa 30 120 4 paradisiaca Myristicaceae Virola gardneri 37 30 20 20 Virola officinalis Myrtaceae Campomanesia 23 20 8 9.5 Dispersed dichotoma Campomanesia 22 17 6 8 Dispersed guaviroba Eugenia sp. 1 Gomidesia sp. 1 Gomidesia sp. 2 Myrcia gigantea 15 18 11 11 Myrcia 9.5 8.5 6.5 6.5 Dispersed neobullata Myrcia racemosa 17 14 11.5 15.6 Dispersed Myrcia splendens 7.1 10.2 8.13 13.6 Plinia cauliflora 36.6 36.6 10 20 Preyed on Psidium sp. Dispersed Nyctaginaceae Guapira opposita 11 13 6 10 Dispersed Guapira opposita 11 13 6 10 Olacaceae Heisteria 21 21 5 5 Dispersed perianthomega Tetrastylidium 25 24 21 22 grandifolium Passifloraceae Passiflora 23.5 25.5 6.5 7.5 Dispersed haematostigma Putranjivaceae Drypetes sessiflora Rubiaceae Faramea 8 Dispersed nocturna Guettarda 12 13 6.922 6.922 Dispersed viburnoides Posoqueria 36 49 12 12 Dispersed latifolia Randia armata 20 21 7 7 Simira glaziovii 6 Tocoyena bullata 10 Rutaceae Hortia brasiliana 40 43 4 8 Sapotaceae Manilkara elata 8 Manilkara 8 longifolia Manilkara 8 maxima Manilkara 18 22 8 11 salzmannii Micropholis 9 gardneriana Micropholis 12 13.5 7 11 Dispersed guyanensis Micropholis 10.5 14 5.8 10.8 Dispersed venulosa Pouteria sp. 12 Dispersed Pradosia 10 lactescens Solanaceae Solanum 2 megalomyx Solanum 37 40 4 6 Dispersed rupincola Urticaceae Pourouma mollis 10 15 6 12 Dispersed Pourouma 9 15 6 13.5 Dispersed velutina Violaceae Rinorea guianensis Vitaceae Cissus nobilis Cissus stipulata 44 45 21 30 Dispersed 10

11 Table SII Number of studies and study sites of primate species in Atlantic Forest included in this compilation. Numbers in parentheses

12 indicate the number of seed dispersal studies.

Number of studies (seed Specie Site name Latitude Longitude dispersal) Alouatta belzebul 2 (1) Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Pacatuba, Sape, PB –7.05306 –35.1589 Alouatta caraya 6 (2) Brasilera Island, Paraná River, Corrientes, Argentina –27.5 –58.6833 El Pinalto Provincial Park, Misiones, Argentina –26.5 –53.8333 Upper Paraná River, Porto Rico, PR –22.7664 –53.3161 São Paulo’s Universty campus, Ribeirão Preto, SP –21.1731 –47.8594 Alouatta guariba 14 (6) El Pinalto Provincial Park, Misiones –26.5 –53.8333 Estiva-Viamão, RS –30.1036 –50.7694 Morro da Extrema, Reserva Biológica do Lami, Porto Alegre, –30.0667 –51.2167 RS Reserva de Santa Genebra, Campinas, SP –22.8167 –47.1167 Fazenda Barreiro Rico, SP –22.6833 –48.1 Parque Estadual da Cantareira, SP –23.395 –46.5908 Mata Doralice, Ibiporã, PR –23.2667 –51.05 Barra de Ribeiro, RS –30.3769 –51.4603 Chácara Payquerê Farm, Balsa Nova, PR –25.4978 –49.6567 Complexo Industrial Automotivo Ayrton Senna, São José dos –25.5 –49.1667 Pinhais, PR Brachyteles arachnoides 12 (4) Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, SP –24.7333 –47.7333 Parque Estadual Intervales, Sete Barras, SP –24.2333 –48.0667 Fazenda Barreiro Rico, SP –22.6833 –48.1 Fazenda Lagoa Alegre, Castro, PR –24.5 –49.5 Brachyteles hypoxanthus 3 (1) Fazenda Esmeralda, Rio Casca, MG –20.2117 –42.6592 Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Feliciano Miguel –19.8333 –41.8333 Abdala, MG Callicebus coimbrai 3 Fazenda Trapsa, Itaporanga D’Ajuda, SE –11.2 –37.2333 Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco, Capela, SE –10.5333 –37.05 Callicebus melanochir 1 Estação Experimental Lemos Maia, Reserva Biológica de Una, –15.1667 –39.05 BA Callicebus nigrifrons 4 Reserva Municipal da Serra do Japí, SP –23.1833 –46.8667 Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Santuário do Caraça, –20.0978 –43.4878 Caldas Altas, MG Fazenda Barreiro Rico, SP –22.6833 –48.1 Parque Estadual da Cantareira, SP –23.395 –46.5908 Callicebus personatus 2 Museu de Biologia Professor Mello Leitão, Santa Teresa, ES –19.9361 –40.6017 Sooretama Biological Reserve, ES –19 –40.1667 Callithix penicillata 2 Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta, Ubatuba, SP –23.5167 –45.0333 Parque Ecológico do Córrego Grande, SC –27.5833 –48.5 Callithrix aurita 3 Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo de Cunha, SP –23.2333 –45.05 Mata da Olaria, Fazenda Lagoa, Monte Belo, MG –21.3833 –46.25 Callithrix flaviceps 4 Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Feliciano Miguel –19.8333 –41.8333 Abdala, MG Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, ES –19.8667 –40.8667 Callithrix geoffroyi 3 Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Estação Vera-Cruz, –16.3472 –39.1414 Porto Seguro, BA Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES –20.2781 –40.3031 Aracruz Celulose S.A., ES –19.8 –40.1167 Callithrix jacchus 5 Parque Nacional da Tijuca, RJ –22.9167 –43.1833 National Forestry Station (FLONA), Nísia Floresta, RN –6.08333 –35.2 Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro, RJ –22.95 –43.2167 Parque Estadual Dunas do Natal, Natal, RN –5.8 –35.2 Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE –8.01194 –34.9461 Callithrix kuhlii 1 Estação Experimental Lemos Maia, Reserva Biológica de Una, –15.1667 –39.05 BA Leontopithecus caissara 2 Parque Nacional do Superagui, Guaraqueçaba, PR –25.3067 –48.3289 Leontopithecus chrysomelas 6 (2) Estação Experimental Lemos Maia, Reserva Biológica de Una, –15.1667 –39.05 BA Leontopithecus chrysopygus 2 (1) Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, SP –22.25 –49.5 Leontopithecus rosalia 2 (2) Reserva Biológica União, Rio das Ostras, RJ –22.46 –42.0375 Sapajus flavius 1 Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Engenho Gargaú, –6.55889 –35.1322 Santa Rita, PB Estação Experimental de Camaratuba, Mamanguape, PB –6.55889 –35.1322 Sapajus libidinosus 1 Ribeirão dos Correias, Franca, SP –20.5 –47.3167 Sapajus nigritus 5 (2) Reserva de Santa Genebra, Campinas, SP –22.8167 –47.1167 Parque Estadual Intervales, Sete Barras, SP –24.2333 –48.0667 Parque Nacional da Tijuca, RJ –22.9167 –43.1833 Mata Doralice, Ibiporã, PR –23.2667 –51.05 Fazenda Barreiro Rico, SP –22.6833 –48.1 Sapajus robustus 1 Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, ES –19.15 –40 Sapajus xanthosternos 2 (1) Estação Experimental Lemos Maia, Reserva Biológica de Una, –15.1667 –39.05 BA 13 Table SIII Full list of the 79 studies included in this compilation

ID Reference Duration Effort (h)* Study focus (months) 1 Abbehusen, A., Silva, R. M. L., & Barreto, C. E. (2007). Dieta e área de uso do sagüida-cara-branca (Callithrix 12 283 Diet geoffroyi) em Porto Seguro, Bahia. A Primatologia no Brasil, 10, 339–351. 2 Agostini, I., Holzmann, I., & Di Bitetti, M. S. (2010). Are howler monkey species ecologically equivalent? Trophic 12 734a; 660b Diet niche overlap in syntopic Alouatta guariba clamitans and Alouatta caraya. American Journal of Primatology, 72, 173–186. 3 Aguiar, L. d. M., Reis, N. R. d., Ludwig, G., Rocha, V. J., & Miranda, J. M. D. (2003). Dieta, área de vida, 12 122 Diet vocalizações e estimativas populacionais de Alouatta guariba em um remanescente florestal no Norte do estado do Paraná. Neoropical Primates, 11, 78. 4 Assumpção, C. T. d. (1983). An ecological study of the primates of Southeastern Brazil with a reappraisal of Cebus 14 1310 Diet apella races. University of Edinburgh. 5 Bonvicino, C. R. (1989). Ecologia e comportamento de Alouatta belzebul (Primates: Cebidae) na mata atlântica. 12 261.35 Seed dispersal Revista Nordestina de Biologia, 6, 149–179. 6 Bravo, S. P. (2009). Implications of behavior and gut passage for seed dispersal quality: The case of black and gold 21 1680 Seed dispersal howler monkeys. Biotropica, 41, 751–758. 7 Bravo, S. P. (2012). The impact of seed dispersal by black and gold howler monkeys on forest regeneration. 3 63.15 Seed dispersal Ecological Research, 27, 311–321. 8 Bravo, S. P., & Sallenave, A. (2003). Foraging behavior and activity patterns of Alouatta caraya in the northeastern 21 1680 Diet Argentinean flooded forest. International Journal of Primatology, 24, 825–846. 9 Brozek, R. M. (1991). Observações sobre a ecologia alimentar e a dispersão de sementes pelo muriqui (Brachyteles 2 62.83 Seed dispersal arachnoides E. Geoffroy 1806 - Cebidae, Primates). Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil. 10 Bueno, R. d. S. (2010). Frugivoria e efetividade de dispersão de sementes dos últimos grandes frugívoros da Mata 15 432 Seed dispersal Atlântica: A anta (Tapirus terrestris) e o muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides). 11 Cardoso, N. A., Le Pendu, Y., Lapenta, M. J., & Raboy, B. E. (2011). Frugivory patterns and seed dispersal by 10 377 Seed dispersal golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) in Una Biological Reserve, Bahia, Brazil. Mammalia, 75, 327–337. 12 Carvalho, O. J. d. (1996). Dieta, padrões de atividade e de agrupamento do mono-carvoeiro (Brachyteles 33 3960 Diet arachnoides) no Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho—SP. Master’s thesis, Dept. de Genética. Belém— Pará, Universidade Federal de Belém do Pará. 13 Caselli, C. B., & Setz, E. Z. F. (2011). Feeding ecology and activity pattern of black-fronted titi monkeys 8 252.55 Diet (Callicebus nigrifrons) in a semideciduous tropical forest of southern Brazil. Primates, 52, 351–359. 14 Castro, C. S. d., & Araújo, A. (2007). Diet and feeding behaviour of marmoset, Callithrix jacchus. Revista 16 768 Diet Brasileira de Ecologia, 7, 14–19. 15 Catenacci, L. S., De Vleeschouwer, K. M., & Nogueira-Filho, S. L. G. (2009). Seed dispersal by golden-headed lion 11 710 Seed dispersal tamarins Leontopithecus chrysomelas in Southern Bahian Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Biotropica, 41, 744–750. 16 Catenacci, L. S. (2008). Ecologia alimentar do mico-leao da cara dourada, Leontopithecus chrysomelas (KUHL, 11 710 Diet 1820)(Primates: Callitrichidae) em areas degradadas da Mata Atlantica do Sul da Bahia. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia. 17 Chiarello, A. G. (1994). Diet of the brown howler monkey Alouatta fusca in a semi-deciduous forest fragment of 12 718.3 Diet southeastern Brazil. Primates, 35, 25–34. 18 Cicchi, P. J. P. (2011). Herpetofauna do Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta, litoral norte de São Paulo, Brasil: 19 48 Diet relações históricas e impacto dos mamíferos introduzidos. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). 19 Corrêa, H. K. M., Coutinho, P. E. G., & Ferrari, S. F. (2000). Between-year differences in the feeding ecology of 12 451 Diet highland marmosets (Callithrix aurita and Callithrix flaviceps) in southeastern Brazil. Journal of Zoology, 252, 421–427. 20 Cunha, A. A., Vieira, M. V., & Grelle, C. E. V. (2006). Preliminary observations on habitat, support use and diet in 4 6.5 Diet two non-native primates in an urban Atlantic forest fragment: The capuchin monkey (Cebus sp.) and the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the Tijuca forest, Rio de Janeiro. Urban Ecosystems, 9, 351– 359. 21 Moraes, P. L. R. (1992). Espécies utilizadas na alimentação do mono-carvoeiro (Brachyteles arachnoides - E 27 81.53 Diet GEOFFROY 1806) no Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho. Revista do Instituto Florestal, 4, 1206–1208. 22 Moraes, P. L. R. (1992). Dispersão de sementes pelo mono-carvoeiro (Brachyteles arachnoides E. Geoffroy, 1806) 27 81.53 Seed dispersal no Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho. Revista do Instituto Florestal, 4, 1193–1198. 23 Fernandes, C. C. (2013). Padrão de Atividade, Dieta e Uso do Espaço por Callicebus personatus (Primates, 9 243.45 Diet Pitheciidae) em uma Área de Parque Urbano, Município de Santa Teresa, ES. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. 24 Ferraço, L. L. (2013). Efetividade da dispersão de sementes pelo macaco-prego-do-peito amarelo (Sapajus 1495 Seed dispersal xanthosternos, Primates: Cebidae) em um mosaico florestal da Mata Atlântica: Implicações para a regeneração de florestas. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. 25 Ferrari, S. F., Kátia, H., Corrêa, M., & Coutinho, P. E. G. (1996). Ecology of the “southern” marmosets (Callithrix 17 1687e; 818.22f Diet aurita and Callithrix flaviceps). In Adaptive radiations of neotropical primates (pp. 157–171). New York: Springer-Verlag. 26 Fontes, I. P. (2011). Variação de curto e longo prazo na ecologia de Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth, 10 537.05 Diet 1999: Implicações para a conservação de populações na paisagem fragmentada da Mata Atlântica do Sul de Sergipe. Universidade Federal de Sergipe. 27 Fontoura, T., Cazetta, E., Nascimento, W. d., Catenacci, L., De Vleeschouwer, K., & Raboy, B. (2010). Diurnal 2 67 Diet frugivores on the Bromeliaceae Aechmea depressa LB Sm. from northeastern Brazil: The prominent role taken by a small forest primate. Biota Neotropica, 10, 351–354. 28 Freitas, C. H. d., Setz, E. Z. F., Araújo, A. R. B., & Gobbi, N. (2008). Agricultural crops in the diet of bearded 13 735 Diet capuchin monkeys, Cebus libidinosus Spix (Primates: Cebidae), in forest fragments in southeast Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 32–39. 29 Galetti, M. (1992). Sazonalidade na dieta de vertebrados frugívoros em uma floresta semidecídua no Brasil. 45 61 Seed dispersal Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas. 30 Galetti, M., & Pedroni, F. (1994). Seasonal diet of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in a semideciduous forest in 31 61.16 Seed dispersal south-east Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 10, 27–39. 31 Graeff, V. G., Bicca-Marques, J. C., & Astarita, L. V. (2007). Viabilidade e germinação de sementesd de Esporão- 13 300 Seed dispersal de-galo, Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent., ingeridas pelo Bugio-ruivo, Alouatta guariba clamitans, Cabrera, 1940. A Primatologia no Brasil, 10, 363–374. 32 Heiduck, S. (1997). Food choice in masked titi monkeys (Callicebus personatus melanochir): Selectivity or 10 531.1 Diet opportunism? International Journal of Primatology, 18, 487–502. 33 Hilário, R. R. (2008). Padrão de atividades, dieta e uso do hábitat por Callithrix flaviceps na Reserva Biológica 11 949.13 Diet Augusto Ruschi, Santa Teresa, ES. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. 34 12 954.59 Diet

Hilário, R. R., & Ferrari, S. F. (2010). Feeding ecology of a group of buffy‐headed marmosets (Callithrix flaviceps):

Fungi as a preferred resource. American Journal of Primatology, 72, 515–521. 35 Izar, P. (2008). Dispersao de sementes por Cebus nigritus e Brachyteles arachnoides em área de Mata Atlântica, 20 81c; 279d Seed dispersal Parque Estadual Intervales, SP. A Primatologia no Brasil, 9, 8–24. 36 Kinzey, W. G., & Becker, M. (1983). Activity pattern of the masked titi monkey, Callicebus personatus. Primates, 2 134 Diet 24, 337–343. 37 Koch, F. (2008). Dieta e comportamento de um grupo de Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940: Uma relação 12 560 Diet de causa e efeito? Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande Do Sul. 38 Lapenta, M. J. (2007). Frugivoria, dispersão primária e secundária de sementes consumidas por Micos-Leões- 12 787.2 Seed dispersal Dourados (Leontopithecus rosalia) na Reserva Biológica União, RJ. 39 Lapenta, M. J., Procópio-de-Oliveira, P., Kierulff, M. C. M., & Motta-Junior, J. C. (2008). Frugivory and seed 24 871.92 Seed dispersal dispersal of golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia (Linnaeus, 1766)) in a forest fragment in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68, 241–249. 40 Liesenfeld, M. V. A., Semir, J., & Santos, F. A. M. (2008). Seria o bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans) um 10 128 Seed dispersal eficiente dispersor das sementes do caquizinho-do-mato (Diospyros inconstans)? A Primatologia no Brasil, 9, 77. 41 Ludwig, G. (2011). Padrão de atividade, hábito alimentar, área de vida e uso do espaço do mico-leão-de-cara- 17 484 Diet preta (Leontopithecus caissara Lorini e Persson 1990) (Primates, Callitrichidae) no Parque Nacional do Superagui, Guaraqueçaba, Estado do Paraná. Universidade Federal do Paraná. 42 Ludwig, G., Aguiar, L. M., & Rocha, V. J. (2005). Uma avaliação da dieta, da área de vida e das estimativas 11 180 Diet populacionais de Cebus nigritus (Goldfuss, 1809) em um fragmento florestal no Norte do Estado do Paraná. Neotropical Primates, 13, 12–18. 43 Ludwig, G., Aguiar, L. M., Svoboda, W. K., Hilst, C. L. S., Navarro, I. T., Vitule, J. R. S., et al. (2008). Comparison 12 594 Diet of the diet of Alouatta caraya (Primates: Atelidae) between a riparian island and mainland on the Upper Parana River, southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 419–426. 44 Marques, A. A. B. d., Rylands, A. B., & Schneider, M. (2008). Seed dispersal and germination by the Brown Howler 13 363 Seed disperal Monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940) in an area of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. A Primatologia no Brasil, 9, 109–113. 45 Martins, M. M. (2006). Comparative seed dispersal effectiveness of sympatric Alouatta guariba and Brachyteles 12 555b; 534c Seed disperal arachnoides in Southeastern Brazil1. Biotropica, 38, 57–63. 46 Martins, M. M., & Setz, E. Z. F. (2000). Diet of buffy tufted-eared marmosets (Callithrix aurita) in a forest fragment 12 305.4 Diet in southeastern Brazil. International Journal of Primatology, 21, 467–476. 47 Martins, W. P. (2010). Densidade populacional e ecologia de um grupo macaco-prego-de-crista (Cebus robustus; 11 370 Diet Kuhl, 1820) na Reserva Natural Vale. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. 48 Milton, K. (1984). Habitat, diet, and activity patterns of free-ranging woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles 10 900 Diet arachnoides E. Geoffroy 1806). International Journal of Primatology, 5, 491–514. 49 Miranda, J., & Passos, F. C. (2004). Hábito alimentar de Alouatta guariba (Humboldt) (Primates, Atelidae) em 12 76.35 Diet Floresta de Araucária, Paraná, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21, 821–826. 50 Montenegro, M. V. (2011). Ecologia de Cebus flavius (Schreber, 1774) em Remanescentes de Mata Atlântica no 19 285.25 Diet Estado da Paraíba. Universidade de São Paulo. 51 Moro-Rios, R. F., Serur-Santos, C. S., Miranda, J., & Passos, F. C. (2008). 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Journal of Primatology, 63, 1–15. 63 Raboy, B. E., Canale, G. R., & Dietz, J. M. (2008). Ecology of Callithrix kuhlii and a review of eastern Brazilian 76 1830 Diet marmosets. International Journal of Primatology, 29, 449–467. 64 Rangel, C. H., Sousa, F. S. F. d., & Grelle, C. E. V. (2011). Dieta de Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758) e Callithrix 15 620 Diet penicillata (E. Geoffroy, 1812) (Callitrichidae – Primates) e seus híbridos, alóctones no Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. A Primatologia no Brasil, 12, 74–84. 65 Revorêdo, L. d. O., Silveira, G. A. F., & Bezerra, J. d. P. (2007). Escolha de hábitat e uso do espaço pelo sagui 13 3900 Diet (Callithrix jacchus) em uma área de Mata Atlântica no Nordeste Brasileiro. Anais do VIII Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil., 1–2. 66 Ribeiro, A. P. (2007). Avaliação do potencial de bugios (Alouatta clamitans, Cabrera, 1940) (Primates: Atelidae) 3 180 Seed dispersal como dispersores de sementes no Parque Estadual da Cantareira. Revista do Instituto Florestal, 31, 147– 151. 67 Rossi, M. J. (2011). Suplementação da população de bugios-pretos (Alouatta caraya) no campus da Universidade 11 528 Diet de São Paulo em Ribeirão Preto pela soltura de indivíduos cativos-estudo do comportamento. Universidade de São Paulo. 68 Santana, M. M. (2012). Comportamento, dieta e uso do espaço em um grupo de Guigó-de-coimbra (Callicebus 5 252 Diet combrai Kobayashi & Langguth 1999) no RVS Mata do Junco Capela – SE. Universidade Federal de Sergipe. 69 Santos, G. P. d. (2008). Padrão de atividades, dieta e áreas de vida de Callicebus nigrifrons (Spix, 1823). Pontifícia 12 618 Diet Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. 70 Santos, G. A. d. S. D., Bianchini, E., & Reis, N. R. d. (2013). Seasonal variation of consumption of the species used 12 331.5 Diet as fruit source by brown howler monkeys (Alouatta clamitans) in southern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 13, 148–153. 71 Silva, J. M. d., Albuquerque, J. R. d., & Oliveira, M. A. B. d. (2010). Consumo de itens de origem vegetal por um 11 538.5 Diet grupo de Callithrix jacchus habitantes do Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos. X Jornada de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão – JEPEX – UFRPE: Recife. 72 Simas, N. K., Ferrari, S. F., Pereira, S. N., & Leitão, G. G. (2001). Chemical ecological characteristics of herbivory 12 1080 Seed predation of Siparuna guianensis seeds by buffy-headed marmosets (Callithrix flaviceps) in the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 27, 93–107. 73 Souza, S. P. (2005). Ecologia e Conservação de Alouatta belzebul belzebul (Primates, Atelidae) na Paraíba, Brasil. 24 68.54 Diet Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. 74 Souza-Alves, J. P., Fontes, I. P., Chagas, R. R. D., & Ferrari, S. F. (2011). Seasonal versatility in the feeding 11 550 Diet ecology of a group of titis (Callicebus coimbrai) in the northern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. American Journal of Primatology, 73, 1199–1209. 75 Strier, K. B. (1991). Diet in one group of woolly spider monkeys, or muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides). American 13 1200 Diet Journal of Primatology, 23, 113–126. 76 Suscke, P. (2009). Padrão de atividades, dieta e uso do espaço de um grupo de Cebus xanthosternos (Wied- 11 554 Diet Neuwied, 1820)(Primates, Cebidae) na Reserva Biológica de Una, Bahia, Brasil. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia. 77 Talebi, M., Bastos, A., & Lee, P. C. (2005). Diet of southern muriquis in continuous Brazilian Atlantic Forest. 12 672 Diet International Journal of Primatology, 26, 1175–1187. 78 Trevelin, L. C., Port-Carvalho, M., Silveira, M., & Morell, E. (2007). Abundance, habitat use and diet of Callicebus 13 6.5 Diet nigrifrons Spix (Primates, Pitheciidae) in Cantareira State Park, São Paulo, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 24, 1071–1077. 79 Zago, L., Miranda, J. M. D., Neto, C. D., Santos, C. V., & Passos, F. C. (2013). Dieta de Callithrix penicillata (E. 12 1152 Diet Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates, Callitrichidae) introduzidos na Ilha de Santa Catarina. Biotemas, 26, 227–235. 14 *More than one primate specie sampled in some studies: aAlouatta caraya; bAlouatta guariba; cBrachyteles arachnoides; dSapajus nigritus; eCallithrix aurita;

15 fCallithrix flaviceps.