Anti-Trafficking and the Hyper-Criminalization of Sex Workers
ANTI-TRAFFICKING AND THE HYPER-CRIMINALIZATION OF SEX WORKERS by JENNIFER KATHLEEN MCGIBBON (Under the Direction of Amy Ross) ABSTRACT The anti-trafficking movement is experiencing a crisis of legitimacy, unable to produce arrests of traffickers in the numbers promised for the past decade. In this historical moment, a troubling phenomenon has emerged: anti-trafficking organizations have begun endorsing legislation so broad in scope that it enables the prosecution of consenting adult workers. The November 2014 expansion of Oakland’s Nuisance Eviction Ordinance to require landlords to evict suspected prostitutes and the 2013 formation of New York’s Human Trafficking Intervention Courts are symptomatic of this hyper-criminalization of adult workers in the sex industry. Both legal apparatuses: target poor women, trans women, women of color, and survival sex workers; conflate prostitution and trafficking with little to no regard for consent; and undermine sex workers’ agency. The objective of this research is to understand how the anti- trafficking movement has shaped this atmosphere of hyper-criminalization and what forms of resistance are most effective in fighting criminalization. INDEX WORDS: trafficking, law, sex, gender, sex work, sex industry, policing, gentrification. ANTI-TRAFFICKING AND THE HYPER-CRIMINALIZATION OF SEX WORKERS by JENNIFER KATHLEEN MCGIBBON B.A., University of California at Santa Cruz, 2007 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2016 © 2016 JENNIFER KATHLEEN MCGIBBON All Rights Reserved ANTI-TRAFFICKING AND THE HYPER-CRIMINALIZATION OF SEX WORKERS by JENNIFER KATHLEEN MCGIBBON Major Professor: Amy Ross Committee: Josh Barkan Kelly Happe Electronic Version Approved: Suzanne Barbour Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia August 2016 DEDICATION For my father, John Robert McGibbon June 24th, 1947-February 7th, 2015 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to my advisor, Dr.
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