Table 1: Dose Schedule of Morphine for Severely Induced Morphine Dependence

Table 1: Dose schedule of morphine for severely induced morphine dependence

Days Time (h) Dose (mg/kg, i.p.) 1st 18.00 10 2nd 10.00 10 18.00 20 3rd 10.00 20 18.00 40 4th 10.00 40 18.00 60 5th 10.00 60 18.00 80 6th 10.00 80 18.00 100 7th 10.00 100

Table 2: Withdrawal signs observed in rats 12 h after the last dose of morphine for 30 min. Counted signs Weighing factor Checked signs Weighing (every 10 min) factor Chewing 2 Squeaking on touch 1 Head shakes 2 Hostility on Handling 1 Exploring 1 Diarrhoea 1 Digging 2 Ptosis 2 Yawning 2 Eye twitching 2 Teeth chattering 2 Rhinorrhoe 3 Jumping 2 Lacrimation 3 Flying 2 Penile erection 2 Wet dog shakes 2 Writhing 2 Table 3: Effect of Delphinium denudatum Wall. on signs of abstinence syndrome in severely morphine-dependent rats

S. No. Signs of morphine Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 withdrawal syndrome

1. Chewing 23.2 + 0.6 15.2 + 0.4** 12.5 + 0.5*** 19.5 + 0.5 2. Head shakes 3.7 + 0.4 0 + 0** 0 + 0** 2.7 + 0.4 3. Exploring 29.8 + 0.6 18.6 + 0.4* 17.2 + 0.5*** 19.0 + 0.5 4. Digging 15.7 + 0.6 11.5 + 0.5* 9.5 + 0.5*** 14.0 + 0.5 5. Yawning 19.0 + 1.0 12.2 + 0.6 10.7 + 0.4** 18.0 + 0.5 6. Teeth chattering 21.2 + 0.5 10.0 + 1.0* 7.2 + 0.5*** 19.0 + 0.4 7. Jumping 2.5 + 0.3 0 + 0** 0 + 0** 2.2 + 0.2 8. Wet dog Shakes 2.7 + 0.4 0 + 0** 0 + 0*** 2.5 + 0.3 9. Writhing 19.0 + 0.4 11.2 + 0.4** 9.7 + 0.4*** 15.5 + 0.5 10. Squeaking on touch 13.5 + 0.5 1.7 + 0.2* 0 + 0** 11.8 + 0.6 11. Hostility on handling 5.3 + 0.5 3.5 + 0.3 2.2 + 0.4*** 5.0 + 0.3 12. Eye twitching 7.2 + 0.4 5.5 + 0.5 3.5 + 0.6** 5.5 + 0.3 13. Lacrimation 5.2 + 0.5 4.1 + 0.5 3.0 + 0.0 4.1 + 0.5 Values are Mean + SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs group 3 (Non-parametric ANOVA and Dunnett’s test).