Table 42. Vitamin D and Blood Pressure: Characteristics of Rcts (Updated from Original Report)

Table 42. Vitamin D and blood pressure: Characteristics of RCTs (updated from original report)

Author Year Study Name Background Calcium Location Population Intake & Vitamin D Comparisons Compliance Comments (Latitude) Data [PMID]

SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE Radioreceptor assay 237 Scragg 1995 No HTN 25(OH)D: 34.5 nmol/L Vit D3 100,000 IU nd Complete trial Health Cambridge, UK  (treatment group), 32.25 (2.5 mg) one-time performed in winter (52°N) status nmol/L (control group) dose vs. Placebo 70 (63-76) [7498100] Mean age (range), y 46% Male (%) Radioimmunoassay 238 Pfeifer 2001 Healthy, low Vit D 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L Vit D3 + Ca 95±12% for the Ca Health Lower Saxony, Germany  supplement vs. Ca tablets and 96±10% for status (52°N) supplement the Vit D3 + Ca tablets 75 (70-86) [11297596] Mean age (pill counting) (range), y 0 Male (%)

Healthy, obese 25(OH)D: 36.5 nmol/L Vit D3 120,000 IU 100% (implied); Excluded subjects who Health  (treatment group), 30.0 every 2 weeks vs. supervised home visits refused subsequent Nagpal 200996 status nmol/L (control group) Placebo blood draws New Delhi, India 44 (8) (28.5°N) Mean age [19125756] (SD), y 100% Male (%) DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE Radioreceptor assay 237 Scragg 1995 No HTN 25(OH)D: 34.5 nmol/L Vit D3 100,000 IU nd Complete trial Health Cambridge, UK  (treatment group), 32.25 (2.5 mg) one-time performed in winter (52°N) status nmol/L (control group) dose vs. Placebo 70 (63-76) [7498100] Mean age (range), y 46% Male (%) Radioimmunoassay Pfeifer 2001238 Healthy, low Vit D 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L 95±12% for the Ca Health Lower Saxony, Germany  tablets and 96±10% for status

H-1 Author Year Study Name Background Calcium Location Population Intake & Vitamin D Comparisons Compliance Comments (Latitude) Data [PMID]

75 (70-86) (52°N) Mean age Vit D3 + Ca the Vit D3 + Ca tablets [11297596] supplement vs. Ca (pill counting) (range), y supplement 0 Male (%) 96 Nagpal 2009 Healthy, obese 25(OH)D: 36.5 nmol/L Vit D3 120,000 IU 100% (implied); Excluded subjects who Health New Delhi, India  (treatment group), 30.0 every 2 weeks vs. supervised home visits refused subsequent (28.5°N) status nmol/L (control group) Placebo blood draws 44 (8) [19125756] Mean age (SD), y 100% Male (%) NEW Studies Radioimmunoassay 227 Forman 2013 Healthy Serum vitamin D- 39.3 Vit D3 100,000 96.6% Health Boston, MA  (26.8-83.5 IQR) nmol/L IU/day status Vs. 51 (44-59) Mean age (range), y 34.6% Vit D₃ 2000 IU/day Male (%)

Vit D₃ 4000 IU/day

Vs. placebo Jorde 2010230 Using blood pressure or 58.0 ± 21.1 nmol/L Vitamin D⁄ placebo Health Norway  lipid lowering medication capsules 95%-DD status Overweight/Obese group, 96%-DP group 47.5 (SD 11.4) and 96%-PP group Mean age (SD), y

35.8% Male (%)

DD (40,000 IU Vit calcium tablets 82%, 84% and 83%, respectively. D₃/week)+500 mg

calcium/day Vs. DP (20,000 IU Vit Enzyme-linked Immunoabsorption Assay Salehpour 2012234 Overweight, obese Serum 25(OH)D Vit D 25 μg/day nd Health D₃/week)+500 mg Tehran, Iran  Vs. status Vit D group: 36.8 +/- 30 placebo 38 (SD 8.1) Mean age nmol/l calcium/day (SD), y Vs. 0% Placebo group - 46.9 +/- PP (placebo)+500 Male (%) 32 nmol/l mg calcium/day Witham 2013235 Healthy <50 nmol/L Vit d3 100,000 units nd H UK  Vs. ealth status 39.4 (SD 11.8) placebo  M ean age 0% (SD), y  M ale (%)

Toxqui 2013228 Healthy Serum: D-placebo 62.9 ± vit d 200 IU/day >96% H Spain  20.8 nmol/L Vs. ealth status 26.5 (SD 3.8) D-fortified 62.3 ± 20.8 placebo  M nmol/L ean age 0% (SD), y  M ale (%) HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry Gepner 2012229 Healthy Serum vitamin D- 78.3+/- Placebo nd Health Madison, WI  Postmenopausal 26.5 nmol/L Vs. status Mean age  63.9 (SD 3) (range), y Vit D₃ 2500 IU/day 0% Male (%) Wood 2012231 Healthy Serum 25(OH)D 400 IU Vit D/day nd Health Aberdeen, UK  Post-menopausal placebo: 36.18 ± 17.1 Vs. status nmol/l placebo 63.9 (SD 2.3) Mean age 400 IU D3 group: 32.74 (range), y ± 12.9 nmol/l 0% 1000 IU D3 group: 32.41 Male (%) ± 13.8 nmol/l Wamberg 2013236 Overweight/obese 34.6±10.3 nmol/L 7000 IU 94±8% H  cholecalciferol ealth status 41.2 (18-50) vs.  M (SD 6.8) placebo ean age (SD), y 27%  M ale (%) Not reported Zhu 2013232 Healthy Habitual Ca intake (energy-restricted 95.8% in the calcium+D Health Shanghai, China  diet+600 mg group status CaD group - 426.5 +/- calcium+125 IU Vit 20.3 (SD 0.8) Mean age 152.2 mg/d D)/day (range), y Vs. 14.3% Control group - 392.1 +/- energy-restricted Male (%) 141.1 mg/d diet alone (control)

Daly 2009233 Healthy, obese Serum 25(OH)D (400 ml reduced fact 85 ± 21% Health Melbourne, Australia  milk group: 78 ± 23 milk fortified with status nmol/l 1000 mg 61.2 (SD 7.5) Mean age control group: 76 ± 23 calcium+800 IU Vit (SD), y nmol/l D)/day 100% Vs. Male (%) control (no additional fortified milk) (400 ml reduced fact milk fortified with 1000 mg clacium+800 IU Vit D)/day Vs. control (no additional fortified milk)