Oral Communication 48C:001.1C

Oral Communication 48C:001.1C Fall 2008 T/Th 9:30 am-10:45 pm Lang 308

Instructor: Amandajean F. Nolte Phone: 319-273-3793 Email: [email protected] Office: Lang 313 Hours: Monday 2:00 pm-3:00 pm Tuesday 11:00 am-12:00 pm, 2:00 pm-3:00 pm Thursday 11:00 am-12:00 pm, 2:00 pm-3:00 pm OR BY APPOINTMENT

Course Description: This course is a survey course designed to assist you in increasing your knowledge and skills in employing verbal and nonverbal communication messages in a variety of settings (i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, and public contexts). By studying the process of communication theory and principles to diverse real-life situations, you will have an opportunity to practice and analyze communication skills in various communication contexts. In order to do this, this course involves both speaking and writing assignments throughout the semester.

Course Objectives: Liberal Arts Core As part of UNI's Liberal Arts Core (Category V), along with the required College Reading & Writing and Math courses, this course has the following proficiencies it hopes to develop/increase in students (cf. liberal arts website at http://fp.uni.edu/lac/): 1. Communication: Students should be able to speak, listen, read, write, and view effectively, adapting appropriately to the audience and material at hand. 2. Information: Students should be able to use both traditional and modern technologies to access, analyze, and manage information. 3. Thinking: Students should be able to address complex issues and problem situations with sound reasoning, reflective judgment, creative imagination, and a critical, analytical bent of mind. 4. Interpersonal: Students should understand human emotions, motivations, and idiosyncrasies, and be able to participate effectively in relationships, groups, and citizenship activities. 5. Quantitative: Students should be able to make effective use of quantitative data, and to intelligently apply relevant mathematical and statistical concepts and methods on appropriate occasions. (http://fp.uni.edu/lac/goals.htm) Course Objectives, Outcomes & Competencies At the conclusion of the course it is expected that students will demonstrate knowledge and skills in several core areas. Specifically, students should be able to: 1. Create and present well-organized, well-delivered speeches. 2. Use effective audience analysis to communicate in interpersonal, group, and public situations. 3. Use research support to make a persuasive argument. 4. Use appropriate visual aids and/or technology to enhance communication. 5. Demonstrate an awareness of the ethical responsibilities of communicators in public, interpersonal, and group situations. 6. Work constructively in groups to solve problems and accomplish tasks by applying specific group communication concepts and processes. 7. Identify how the process of perception works in everyday life. 8. Critically analyze and interpret verbal and nonverbal messages. 9. Identify specific strategies for how interpersonal relationships begin, are maintained and end. 10. Apply interpersonal conflict concepts to personal interactions. 11. Demonstrate an understanding of language bias/prejudice and its impact on the communication process. 12. Demonstrate an understanding of culture and its impact on the communication process. 13. Demonstrate effective listening in a variety of contexts.

Required Materials: Seiler, W. J., & Beall, M.L. (2007). Communication: Making Connections (7th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon Education.

A package of white 3X5 notecards.

Access to your UNI Blackboard/WebCT account.

Course Policies: Attendance You are paying good money for the privilege of being in this class. While I believe that I have something important to teach you, it is even more important to me that you are here to learn from your fellow students. While you may be able to learn many things from a good book, you will only learn to communicate through the act of communicating. It is because of this that you are allowed TWO EXCUSED ABSENSES with no questions asked. You can use these for a sick day, a sleep in day, a ditch day, a go home day, a funeral, a wedding, a vacation day, etc. This means use them wisely. If you use your two absences for a ditch day and then have to miss to help your mom, this absence is still unexcused. For every absence after these two, TEN POINTS WILL BE DEDUCTED from your final score. So, if you miss five classes this semester I will deduct 30 points from your final score. If you miss a fourth of the class (EIGHT OR MORE ABSENSES) you automatically FAIL. You will find this semester that I’m laid back about a lot of things—attendance is not one of them.

If for any reason you must miss a class day remember that materials are handed out only once. If you are not in class to receive notes, handouts, instructions, etc. you should obtain the information from a fellow student.

Being late or leaving early also constitutes an absence. If I’ve taken roll before you arrive you must physically speak to me to get your absent changed to a late. It is not my responsibility to go back and change your status without your reminder.

Participation Hand in hand with attendance is participation. This is a communication class. You must communicate with both me and fellow students in order to do well. Active participation includes both listening and talking; be ready to contribute to the discussions and allow others to contribute as well. I am not a long winded lecturer; most of class will include the synthesizing of the reading and lots of hands on learning. Keep up on the class readings so you can engage in the discussion and apply it to the activities we do.

Respect and Courtesy It is important that this classroom be a safe space that is open to hearing all peoples’ opinions and thoughts. With this in mind, any distraction that disrespects a member of this class will not be tolerated (sleeping, reading other material, texting, listening to music, side conversations, etc.). If you are not engaged you are absent and I will change your status to reflect that.

Speech Etiquette It takes a lot of preparation and guts to get in front of a class and speak. Speech days bring about dual responsibilities. When you present, you will dress appropriately (this means no hats...I need to see your face). When you are an audience member, you will be attentive. This attention includes both verbal and non-verbal feedback. In this class you are each other’s biggest supporters! Phones should be turned to SILENT, not vibrate. If your phone rings during someone else’s speech your grade will suffer. It’s rude and I’m not a fan of rude.

Also, please remember that no one should ever enter or leave the room while a speech is in progress. Wait until we are between speakers.

Assignment Policies Late Work All assignments are due at the beginning of class on the scheduled due date. Work received after that time will only receive half credit. I will not accept any late work a week past the due date.

You will be assigned a presentation day for each speech. Lack of preparedness is not considered a justifiable excuse for missing a speech day. You must be prepared to speak on your scheduled day. If you must miss your presentation day (i.e. family emergency, serious illness, physical restraints beyond your control, etc.) and do not contact me within 24 hours of the scheduled class period, you will receive ZERO credit for that speech. Any missed speech, even if you are in contact with me, may be subject to the half credit late dock. YOU MUST COMPLETE ALL FOUR SPEAKING ASSIGNMENTS AND TWO EXAMS TO PASS THIS CLASS.

Written Work Format Written assignments do not have a cover page. use proper APA or MLA format (choose one and be consistent). are typed. use font size 12 black ink. utilize one inch margins. are stapled—no paperclips or folding.

I do not accept assignments by email. No exceptions. If your work is late or you will not be in class place the assignment in my mailbox in Lang 326.

Extra Credit Extra credit is rarely offered and never on an individual basis.

Course Assignments:

Assignment Point My s Points Introductory Presentation 50 *Outline/Bibliography 10 points *Presentation 40 points Informative Presentation *Outline/Bibliography 30 60 points *Presentation 30 points Informative Speech Critique 15 Group Presentation 100 *Outline/Bibliography 25 points *Group Score 50 points *Individual Score 25 points Exam #1 100 Persuasive Presentation 100 *Outline 20 points *Presentation 80 points Final Exam 100 Classroom Participation and 50 Activities Total 575

Course Grades: Each assignment completed in this class requires forethought, analysis, research and planning. You are expected to demonstrate your understanding of reading assignments and class discussion an all assignments.

A’s are earned only by doing OUTSTANDING work. B’s are earned when the work submitted clearly goes BEYOND THE MINIMAL REQUIREMENTS of the assignment. C’s are earned when the work submitted meets AT LEAST THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS of the assignment. D’s are earned when the work submitted DOES NOT FULFILL THE MINIMUM REQURIEMENTS of the assignment. F’s are earned when the work submitted is BELOW THE EXPECTED STANDARDS OF COLLEGIATE COMPETENCE.

You always have the opportunity to challenge a grade. All grade appeals must be completed in writing. These appeals should be given to me within one week of the day on which the grades were returned to the class. I will then review the written appeal and respond. An office appointment may then be used to further discuss the appeal. Your written appeals should contain clear arguments and be presented in a professional manner.

A 94.0 – 100 A- 90.0 – 93.5 B 87.0 – + 89.5 B 84.0 – 86.5 B- 80.0 – 83.5 C 77.0 – + 79.5 C 74.0 – 76.5 C- 70.0 – 73.5 D 67.0 – + 69.5 D 64.0 – 66.5 D- 60.0 – 63.5 F Below 60.0

Statement on Special Needs Accommodation: The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) provides protection from illegal discrimination for qualified individuals with disabilities. Students requesting instructional accommodations due to disabilities must arrange for such accommodation through the Office of Disability Services. The Office of Disability Services is located at: 213 Student Services Center, and the phone number is: 273-2676. The Office of Disability Services has procedures in place to determine the validity of disability claims as well as the need for instructional accommodations.

Academic Misconduct Policy: The guidelines set forth by the University Faculty Senate at UNI will be upheld in this course in regards to cheating and/or plagiarism. Specifically, article 3.01 states that: Students at the University of Northern Iowa are required to observe the commonly accepted standards of academic honesty and integrity. Except in those instances in which group work is specifically authorized by the instructor of the class, no work which is not solely the student's is to be submitted to a professor in the form of an examination paper, a term paper, class project, research project, or thesis project.

Cheating of any kind on examinations and/or plagiarism of papers or projects is strictly prohibited. Also unacceptable are the purchase of papers from commercial sources, using a single paper to meet the requirement of more than one class (except in instances authorized and considered appropriate by the professors of the two classes), and submission of a term paper or project completed by any individual other than the student submitting the work. Students are cautioned that plagiarism is defined as the process of stealing or passing off as one's own the ideas or words of another, or presenting as one's own an idea or product which is derived from an existing source.

It is not acceptable for the work or ideas of another scholar to be presented as a student's own or to be utilized in a paper or project without proper citation. To avoid any appearance of plagiarism or accidental plagiarism, it is important that all students become fully cognizant of the citation procedures utilized in their own discipline and in the classes which they take. The plea of ignorance regarding citation procedures or of carelessness in citation is not a compelling defense against allegations of plagiarism. A college student, by the fact that he or she holds that status, is expected to understand the distinction between proper scholarly use of others' work and plagiarism.

A student who is found to have improperly used others' work must expect to be penalized for such action--even if the argument is made that the action was taken with innocent intention- and the student's instructor will normally judge such work "unacceptable." But it should be noted that the assignment of a low or failing grade for unacceptable work is not in itself a disciplinary action--even if the assignment of such a grade results in the student's receiving a lower grade in the course--including "F"--than he or she would otherwise achieve. Such a response by an instructor is part of the normal grading process; if a student feels that he or she has grounds to protest a grade received through this process, the student has access to the academic grievance procedure which the University has developed to deal with all student academic grievances.

On the other hand, cheating and plagiarism are issues which can affect a student's status at the University in more serious ways. As an educational institution, the University maintains standards of ethical academic behavior, and recognizes its responsibility to enforce these standards. Therefore, the following procedures of academic discipline prevail at the University of Northern Iowa.

If a student is determined by an instructor to have committed a violation of academic ethics, the instructor may take additional disciplinary action including, but not limited to, grade reduction for the course in which the infraction occurs, even if the reduction is over and above the normal consequences resulting from the grade merited by the unacceptable work.

In cases where such disciplinary action is taken, the instructor is obliged to report the action in writing, to the student, to the instructor's department head, (and, if the student is from a different department, to the head of the student's department), and to the Office of the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs. The Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs will notify the student in writing that such action has been taken, and will maintain a file for each student so disciplined. (This file is confidential and is independent of the student's normal University records.)

A student wishing to appeal or dispute the disciplinary action taken may seek redress through the University academic grievance structure. In the case of a successful grievance, the evidence of the disciplinary action taken by the instructor will be expunged from the student's file by the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs.

In cases of particularly flagrant violations of academic ethics relating to cheating or plagiarism, the instructor may feel obligated to recommend suspension from the University of Northern Iowa for a period ranging from the term in which the infraction occurs (with a loss of all credit earned during that term) to permanent suspension from the University. Such recommendations are sent in writing to the department head and the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, the latter of whom informs the student in writing that the recommendation has been made. In such cases, the academic appeals procedure is automatically invoked by the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs. Until the mandatory academic appeal in such cases has been completed, the recommended suspension is not in effect. In cases of a successful appeal to such action, the materials will be expunged from all University records.

Finally, the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs will regularly monitor all files relating to disciplinary action taken against specific students. If the monitoring reveals that there is a history of disciplinary actions taken against a particular student (excluding any actions which have been successfully grieved) such that there are three or more instances of such action subsequent to any academic grievances generated by such actions, the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs will, as a matter of course, institute proceedings for permanent suspension of that student. The procedures demand that the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs notify the student in writing that suspension procedures have been invoked, and there is an automatic appeal to the University academic grievance structure in all such cases. All parts of the academic grievance structure (including those stipulated in the immediately preceding paragraph) apply in such cases, except that the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, as the disciplinary officer, functions in the role of the instructor in an academic grievance relating to a specific class. Daily Schedule 48C:011.1C Readings/Assignment Week Date Content s Introduction to course 1 Tuesday, August 26 What is communication? Thursday, August 28 Self concept and identity Chapter 1 and 3 Tuesday, September 2 Perception Chapter 2 2 Thursday, September Listening Chapter 6 4 Tuesday, September 3 Audience analysis Chapter 7, 9 and 10 9 Thursday, September Organizing and outlining speeches 11 Delivery and speaker apprehension Tuesday, September 4 Verbal communication Chapter 4 and 5 16 Thursday, September Nonverbal communication 18 Tuesday, September Introductory Presentations (12 5 Speech/Outline/Bib 23 Presentations) Thursday, September Introductory Presentations (12 25 Presentations) Tuesday, September Group Communication 6 30 Assign Informative and Group Presentations Researching and finding supporting Thursday, October 2 materials Chapter 8 and 11 Informative Speaking 7 Tuesday, October 7 Exam #1 Exam Thursday, October 9 Group Communication Chapter 13 and 14 8 Tuesday, October 14 Group Communication Thursday, October 16 Group Communication Informative Presentations (24 9 Tuesday, October 21 Speech/Outline/Bib Presentations) Thursday, October 23 Group Work Day 10 Tuesday, October 28 Interpersonal Communication Chapter 15 and 16 Informative Speech Critique Thursday, October 30 Interpersonal Communication Group Presentations (2 11 Tuesday, November 4 Speech/Outline/Bib Presentations) Thursday, November Group Presentations (2 6 Presentations) Tuesday, November 12 Persuasion and advocacy Chapter 12 11 Thursday, November Persuasion and advocacy 13 Tuesday, November 13 Critical thinking and power 18 Thursday, November Impromptu debate 20 Tuesday, November 14 NO CLASS—THANKSGIVING BREAK 25 Thursday, November NO CLASS—THANKSGIVING BREAK 27 Persuasive Presentations (6 15 Tuesday, December 2 Speech/Outline/Bib Presentations) Thursday, December Persuasive Presentations (6 4 Presentations) Persuasive Presentations (6 16 Tuesday, December 9 Presentations) Thursday, December Persuasive Presentations (6 11 Presentations) 8-9:50 Wednesday, Final Examination Exam am December 17 Oral Communication Syllabus 48C:001 Fall 2008 Section 31 Tuesday/Thursday 2:00-3:15, Lang 308 Section 34 Tuesday/Thursday 3:30-4:45, Lang 308

COURSE WEBSITE

The course website is available at: www.uni.edu/kharr

You should access the course website regularly as it contains the course schedule and additional materials. The course schedule will be updated throughout the semester to reflect changes and the speaking orders on presentation days.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is a survey course designed to assist you in increasing your knowledge and skills in employing verbal and nonverbal communication messages in a variety of settings (i.e. intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, and public contexts). By studying the process of communication and applying communication theory and principles to diverse real-life situations, you will have an opportunity to practice and analyze communication skills in various communication contexts. In order to do this, this course involves both speaking and writing assignments throughout the semester.

LIBERAL ARTS CORE As part of UNI’s Liberal Arts Core (Category V), along with the required College Reading and Writing and Math courses, this course has the following proficiencies it hopes to develop/increase in students (cf. liberal arts website at http://fp.uni.edu/lac/):

1. Communication: Students should be able to speak, listen, read, write, and view effectively, adapting appropriately to the audience and material at hand. 2. Information: Students should be able to use both traditional and modern technologies to access, analyze, and manage information. 3. Thinking: Students should be able to address complex issues and problem situation with sound reasoning, reflective judgment, creative imagination, and a critical, analytical bent of mind. 4. Interpersonal: Students should understand human emotions, motivations, and idiosyncrasies, and be able to participate effectively in relationships, groups, and citizenship activities. 5. Quantitative: Students should be able to make effective use of qualitative data, and to intelligently apply relevant mathematical and statistical concepts and methods on appropriate occasions. (http://www.uni.edu/lac/goals.htm)

REQUIRED MATERIALS

 Course packet available at University Book and Supply  Communication: Making Connections (7th ed.) Seiler and Beall, 2008.  A pack of index cards

GENERAL EXPECTATIONS

 Read and be responsible for the information in the syllabus.  Keep track of your own grade.  Ask for help – this is the only way that I will know that you are confused, lost, or are otherwise in need of assistance. I can only provide help if you ask for it.  Silence phones before class. FYI, vibrate is not silent.  Wait until class has ended to pack up your belongings.  Bring your book, course packet, and notes to class every day.  Never enter the classroom during another student's speech.  Refrain from sexist, racist, homophobic behaviors as well as other violent actions which discourage full class participation and create a hostile atmosphere.

ASSIGNMENTS

 Speeches: You will deliver a total of four speeches. The course packet contains more information about each speech including an assignment description and a grading rubric. Additional information will be discussed in class and posted on the course website.

 Speech Evaluations: You will be asked to provide feedback on two different speeches, one of your own and one of a peer’s. More information is available in the course packet and the evaluations will also be discussed further in class.  In-class activities: There will be 5 in-class activities. The activities will not be announced. So long as you are present and actively participate you will receive credit. If you are absent you will not be allowed to make up the assignment.

 Quizzes: There will be 5 unannounced quizzes. They will ask you to demonstrate a general understanding of the required reading.

 Exams: There will be a midterm and final exam. More information will be discussed in class as those dates get nearer.

WRITTEN WORK

I expect all written work to be edited, typed, stapled and contain your name and the name of the assignment. I will lower the grade on work that does not meet these requirements. VISUAL AIDS

Visual aids are important and will be required for some presentations. Flash drives and CDs are the best method for transporting electronic visual aids. Because technology is temperamental, I recommend that you practice using the technology required for your presentation BEFORE the day you present. Talk to me to schedule a time to practice using the technology. Additionally, you are encouraged to bring a backup visual aid in case the technology should fail you. Note that technical difficulties will NOT excuse you from any visual aid requirement.

TURNING IN ASSIGNMENTS

In order to be counted as on-time, assignments must be ready to be turned in at the beginning of class. Working on an assignment during class means that it was not completed at the beginning of class and therefore is considered late. Late assignments may be handed in either during a following class period of by delivering them to my departmental mailbox in Lang 326. Putting work under my office door and emailing it to me are unacceptable ways on handing in late work.

LATE WORK You must complete all four speaking assignments in order to pass this class!

In the event that you miss a presentation, you must present during the next class period and your grade is subject to a 20% penalty Note that one assignment for this class is group graded. Thus, if you fail to attend class during a group presentation it is impossible to make up the points for that assignment. This same policy applies even if you are in class but are not ready/willing to present at your assigned time.

Written work not handed in during the class period when it is due will be subject to a 50% deduction. Note that speech topic descriptions are an exception to this rule. The day of the midterm exam is a lock-down day. This means that any outstanding late work must be handed in by that time in order to receive any credit. The day of the final exam is the second lock- down day. Any outstanding late work from the second half of the semester must be handed in by that time in order to receive any credit.

If you miss class on the day of a scheduled exam due to a university- sponsored event you must take the exam in advance. There will be no makeups for exams – failing to show up at the time you are scheduled to take an exam will result in a zero for the exam.

REQUESTING AN EXTENSION

Occasionally it is necessary for students to request that an assignment deadline be extended. Keep in mind that requests for extensions are just that, requests, and thus may not be granted. To request an extension on an assignment you must put your request in writing and indicate a) the reason for your request, b) the date you agree to have the assignment done and c) the penalty you propose for the extension. Requests for extensions must be turned in prior to the class period in which the assignment is due. ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION

You are expected to arrive to class on time and stay for the duration of each class. In order to be considered present for any given class period you must be awake, alert, and not involved in other activities (ie. reading the paper, other coursework, side conversations, text messaging, nosepicking, etc.) I reserve the right to count you absent for any class period in which you were a distraction and will notify you of this action should it occur.

I will not impose a penalty for being late or leaving early so long as it does not occur often. If it becomes a consistent problem during the semester a penalty may be implemented in which case students will be notified and the policy will be updated here in a different font color.

Attendance will be taken using a sign-in sheet. If you do not sign the sheet before leaving class you will be counted absent for that day. Do not, under any circumstances, sign in another student.

You are allowed two absences with no penalty. Each additional absence will result in a 1 point deduction from your final grade. Absences on presentation days will be counted as two absences. The ONLY absences which are considered excused are for university-sponsored activities (which require documentation in advance) and severe health-related concerns. I define “severe health-related concerns” as something that requires a visit to a hospital and I require documentation as proof of such. All other absences are unexcused. ANY STUDENT WHO MISSED MORE THEN 25% OF THE CLASS PERIODS FOR THIS CLASS WILL AUTOMATICALLY FAIL THE COURSE. In a course that meets two times per week this is equal to 8 class periods.

STATEMENT ON SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMMODATION

If you have a particular educational need, please contact me early in the semester concerning what I can best do to make the learning experience a positive one. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) provides protection from illegal discrimination for qualified individuals with disabilities. Students requesting instructional accommodations due to disabilities must arrange for such accommodation through the Office of Disability Services. The Office of Disability Services is located at: 103 Student Health Center, and the phone number is: 273-2676. The Office of Disability Services has procedures in place to determine the validity of disability claims as well as the need for instructional accommodations.

ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT POLICY

The UNI "Academic Ethics Policies" makes clear that "Cheating of any kind on examinations and/or plagiarism [which includes the purchasing] of papers or projects is strictly prohibited." Any work which violates the academic ethics policy of UNI will receive zero credit and, if the violation is serious enough, the student may receive an F in the course as well as additional disciplinary actions. For clarification, see the "Academic Ethics Policies" section contained in the 2006-2008 catalogue of courses (http://www.uni.edu/pubrel/catalog/acadreg.shtml).

The guidelines set forth by the University Faculty Senate at UNI will be upheld in this course in regards to cheating and/or plagiarism. Specifically, article 3.01 states that:

Students at the University of Northern Iowa are required to observe the commonly accepted standards of academic honesty and integrity. Except in those instances in which group work is specifically authorized by the instructor of the class, no work which is not solely the student's is to be submitted to a professor in the form of an examination paper, a term paper, class project, research project, or thesis project.

A student who is found to have improperly used others' work must expect to be penalized for such action--even if the argument is made that the action was taken with innocent intention-and the student's instructor will normally judge such work "unacceptable." But it should be noted that the assignment of a low or failing grade for unacceptable work is not in itself a disciplinary action--even if the assignment of such a grade results in the student's receiving a lower grade in the course--including "F"--than he or she would otherwise achieve. Such a response by an instructor is part of the normal grading process; if a student feels that he or she has grounds to protest a grade received through this process, the student has access to the academic grievance procedure which the University has developed to deal with all student academic grievances.

If a student is determined by an instructor to have committed a violation of academic ethics, the instructor may take additional disciplinary action including, but not limited to, grade reduction for the course in which the infraction occurs, even if the reduction is over and above the normal consequences resulting from the grade merited by the unacceptable work.

In cases where such disciplinary action is taken, the instructor is obliged to report the action in writing, to the student, to the instructor's department head, (and, if the student is from a different department, to the head of the student's department), and to the Office of the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs. The Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs will notify the student in writing that such action has been taken, and will maintain a file for each student so disciplined. (This file is confidential and is independent of the student's normal University records.)

In cases of particularly flagrant violations of academic ethics relating to cheating or plagiarism, the instructor may feel obligated to recommend suspension from the University of Northern Iowa for a period ranging from the term in which the infraction occurs (with a loss of all credit earned during that term) to permanent suspension from the University.

Such recommendations are sent in writing to the department head and the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, the latter of whom informs the student in writing that the recommendation has been made. In such cases, the academic appeals procedure is automatically invoked by the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs. Until the mandatory academic appeal in such cases has been completed, the recommended suspension is not in effect. In cases of a successful appeal to such action, the materials will be expunged from all University records.

Finally, the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs will regularly monitor all files relating to disciplinary action taken against specific students. If the monitoring reveals that there is a history of disciplinary actions taken against a particular student (excluding any actions which have been successfully grieved) such that there are three or more instances of such action subsequent to any academic grievances generated by such actions, the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs will, as a matter of course, institute proceedings for permanent suspension of that student. The procedures demand that the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs notify the student in writing that suspension procedures have been invoked, and there is an automatic appeal to the University academic grievance structure in all such cases. All parts of the academic grievance structure (including those stipulated in the immediately preceding paragraph) apply in such cases, except that the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, as the disciplinary officer, functions in the role of the instructor in an academic grievance relating to a specific class.

ANTI-DISCRIMINATION POLICY

The UNI Policy Statement on Anti-discrimination and Harassment Policy makes clear: "It is the policy of the University of Northern Iowa that there will be equal employment and educational opportunity without regard to race, color, sex, age, disability, veteran status, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, or any other basis protected by federal and/or state law. This includes the provision of a campus environment that is free from illegal discrimination and harassment. The University will not tolerate any form of illegal discrimination or harassment and will not condone any actions or words from employees or students that constitute such." For additional information, contact the Office of Compliance and Equity Management, LIB 441 (due to the fire in Gilchrist), 273-2846, (http://www.uni.edu/equity/AD&H2002.shtml).

INCOMPLETE POLICY

If, for some reason, you need to request an incomplete for a course, please see the procedures outlined in the "The Making Up of Incomplete Work" section of the 2006-2008 catalogue of courses (http://www.uni.edu/pubrel/catalog/acadreg.shtml). According to UNI policy, "The Incomplete is restricted to students doing satisfactory work in the class who, because of extenuating circumstances, are unable to complete the work of the course. The Incomplete is limited to assigned work during the final sixth of the term."

GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE

According to UNI Policies and Procedures, 12.02 Undergraduate Student Academic Grievance is:

A process for the redress of academic grievances must be available to students within the framework of academic freedom, the integrity of the course, and the prerogative of the faculty to assign grades. In recognition of this, the University of Northern Iowa hereby establishes the following procedures. These procedures shall be the sole and exclusive means for the redress of an academic grievance, including the change of a student's grade. Grievances involving alleged acts of discrimination based on protected classes, including sexual harassment, are subject to Affirmative Action procedures. For more information on undergraduate processes visit: http://www.uni.edu/pres/policies/1202.shtml. Instructor: Nicki Johnson

Email: [email protected]

Office: Lang 313

Phone: (319) 429-0299 (personal cell)

Office Hours: Monday, Wednesday & Friday: 9:00am-10:30am

11:30am-12:00noon

1:00pm-2:00pm

Final Exam Times: MWF 8AM Class: Monday, December 15th 8AM-9:50AM

MWF 12PM Class: Monday, December 15th 1PM-2:50PM

MWF 2PM Class: Monday, December 15th 3PM-4:50PM

Required Text: Seiler, William J. & Beall, Melissa L. (2008). Communication: Making Connections (7th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Course Objective:

At the conclusion of the course it is expected that students will demonstrate knowledge and skills in several core areas. Specifically, students should be able to:

1. Create and present well-organized, well-delivered speeches.

2. Use effective audience analysis to communicate in interpersonal, group, and public

situations.

3. Use research support to make a persuasive argument.

4. Use appropriate visual aids and/or technology to enhance communication.

5. Demonstrate an awareness of the ethical responsibilities of communicators in public,

interpersonal, and group situations. 6. Work constructively in groups to solve problems and accomplish tasks by applying

specific group communication concepts and processes.

7. Identify how the process of perception works in everyday life.

8. Critically analyze and interpret verbal and nonverbal messages.

9. Identify specific strategies for how interpersonal relationships begin, are maintained

and end.

10. Apply interpersonal conflict concepts to personal interactions.

11. Demonstrate an understanding of language bias/prejudice and its impact on the

communication process.

12. Demonstrate an understanding of culture and its impact on the communication

process.

13. Demonstrate effective listening in a variety of contexts.

Attendance and Participation Policy

Regular attendance and participation is required. Please recognize that missing two/three class periods is equivalent to missing an entire week. You are allowed two absences with no penalty. Each additional absence will result in your grade being lowered by 10 points for each time you miss. In addition, a number of class periods involve students giving presentations. It is vital that on those days student attend and participate to enhance the learning experience. Because of this, absences on presentation days will be counted as two absences.

Attendance and Particiaption Policy Continued

Distinctions are not made between excused or unexcused absences unless they are connected with university-sponsored events . Thus, it is not necessary to inform your instructor of why you were missing from class unless excused absences are documented at the beginning of the semester. PLEASE NOTE: ANY STUDENT WHO MISSES MORE THAN 25% OF THE CLASS PERIODS FOR THIS CLASS WILL AUTOMATICALLY FAIL THE CLASS. This is the equivalent of 12 class periods for a MWF class. PLEASE ALSO NOTE: attendance consists of more than being in a seat in class. If you are sleeping in class, working on other materials, or in any other way not being an active participant (texting, etc), you will be counted as absent for that day, with no warning. If you miss class, I will not “re-handout” handouts, assignments, or other materials. It is YOUR responsibility to get them from a friend/classmate.

Late Work:

All work that is assigned must be turned in at the beginning of class (emailed to me prior to the start of class) on the day that it is due. This means printed out and handed in or sent to me via email before the class begins. You will NOT be allowed to email it to me after class for reasons such as there were printer issues, etc. You need to plan ahead. Generally speaking, I will NOT accept late assignments.

There are 4 presentations in this class. You are required to give each presentation on the day you are assigned in order to pass this class. If you miss your presentation, and IF you are allowed to make it up, you must do so the class period following your designated time and you will receive a 20% reduction in your grade. It is impossible to make up the points for your group presentation therefore, you will fail this course.

Other Important Info:

All work, unless otherwise noted, must be typed, neat, and professional in appearance. Use 12 pt. Times New Roman Font and standard margins. Please have your name and class meeting time on each item you submit.

You are responsible for reading the text! We will NOT be able to cover every concept from it in class. Assigned chapters are fair game for exams.

Assignment Grade Appeals You are welcome to seek a grade change on any assignment or test. To do so, you will need to submit your appeal, in writing, during the class period immediately following the return of the graded assignment. In the appeal, you will need to do the following: a. identify which component or test question you are appealing, b. justify why your answer or performance was correct. In this section, you are expected to cite course readings, lecture notes, or assignment descriptions. In other words, make a case for why your answer is correct, c. if you are seeking partial credit, then quantify what amount of grade change you think is warranted. Please remember to attach the test or graded assignment to your appeal so that I may reference it.

Course Assignments and Grades

Assignments will be graded using a point system and evaluation forms that are made available to students prior to the due dates for each assignment. In addition for each assignment, an assignment sheet will be provided explaining guidelines and expectations. The point breakdown below represents the maximum credit awarded for each assignment. A standard grading scale is used in the course.

IMPORTANT NOTE If at any time you have questions or concerns about your grade or are experiencing something that you think is important for me to be aware of, please send me an email, call, or stop by my office. I have an open door policy and want to be of assistance whenever possible.

Assignment Points

Midterm 100 Exam------

Final 100 Exam------

Introductory Presentation 25 ------

Group Presentation 100 ------

Informative 50 Presentation------

Persuasive Presentation ------100 ------

Peer Evaluations (2 @ 20 10)------Weekly quizzes or 80 writing------

Participation assignments and 75 activities------

Total 650 ------

Grading Scale

650-605 ------A

604-585 ------A-

584-566 ------B+

565-540 ------B

539-520 ------B-

519-500 ------C+

499-474 ------C

473-455 ------C-

454-435 ------D+

434-409 ------D

408-390 ------D-

389-below ------F Statement on Special Needs Accommodation

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) provides protection from illegal discrimination for qualified individuals with disabilities. Students requesting instructional accommodations due to disabilities must arrange for such accommodation through the Office of Disability Services. The Office of Disability Services is located at 213 Student Services Center, and the phone number is: 273-2676. The Office of Disability Services has procedures in place to determine the validity of disability claims as well as the need for instructional accommodations.

I encourage you to utilize the Academic Learning Center's free assistance with writing, math, reading, and learning strategies:

o The Writing Center offers one-on-one writing assistance open to all UNI undergraduate and graduate students. Writing Assistants offer strategies for getting started, citing and documenting, and editing your work. Visit the Online Writing Guide at www.uni.edu/unialc/writingcenter/ and schedule an appointment at 008 ITTC or 319- 273-2361. o The Math Center offers individual and small-group tutorials especially helpful for students in Liberal Arts Core math courses. No appointment is necessary, but contact the Math Center at 008 ITTC or 319-273-2361 to make certain a tutor will be available at a time convenient for you. o The Reading and Learning Center provides an Ask-a-Tutor program, consultations with the reading specialist, and free, four-week, non-credit courses in Speed Reading, Effective Study Strategies, PPST-Reading and -Math, and GRE-Quantitative and Verbal. Visit http://www.uni.edu/unialc/ and 008 ITTC or call 319-273-2361. Tentative Daily Schedule

Dates to note: Thanksgiving Break Week November 24-28

August 25-29 Course Introduction/Intro to Communication Process/Self-Concept Chapter 1,3

Septembe 1-5 MONDAY SEPT 1 Labor Day—no class Chapters 2 & 6 r Perception and Listening

Septembe 8-12 Topic Selection, Audience Analysis, Organization and Outlining, Chapters 7 ,9, 10 r Delivery and Apprehension

Septembe 15-19 Introductory Speech Presentations r

Septembe 22-26 Finding Supporting Material, Informative Speaking Chapters 8 & 11 r

Sept - Oct 29-3 Verbal & Nonverbal Communication Chapters 4 & 5

October 6-10 Informative Presentations

October 20-24 Midterm Exam/Start Group Communication Chapter 15

October 27-31 Principles of Group Communication Chapters 15 & 16 November 3-7 Persuasion Chapter 12

Credibility and Pers Org Patterns

November 10-14 Group Presentations

November 17-21 Interpersonal Communication & Relationships Chapters 13, 14

November 24-28 Thanksgiving Break

December 1-5 Persuasive Presentations

December 14-18 Final Examination Week Oral Communication 48C:001:14 & 23 – MWF Lang 311

Contact Information Instructor: Nichole Zumbach Johnson Office Hours: 9ish-12MWF, 11;12:30 T,TH; By Appointment Home Phone: (319) 334-3941 Cell Phone: (319) 327-0548 Office: Lang 323 Office Phone: 273-3707 E-Mail: [email protected]

Required Text: Beall, M., Seiler, W. (2005). Communication: Making connections. (6th ed.) Boston: Pearson.

Supplemental Text: Hacker, D. (2006) The bedford handbook. (7th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.

Liberal Arts Core Statement Courses in written and oral communication enhance the ability of individuals and groups to read and listen critically and to write and speak effectively by attention to how the gathering, analyzing, and presenting of evidence and conclusions can be designed for specific purposes and audiences. Courses in quantitative techniques enhance students' abilities to use quantitative data effectively and to apply relevant mathematical and statistical concepts and methods to diverse problems and situations. Personal wellness promotes the acquisition of knowledge and the development of skills and attitudes necessary for implementing positive health-related decisions.

Purpose This course is a survey course designed to assist you in increasing your knowledge and skills in employing verbal and nonverbal communication messages in a variety of settings (i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, and public contexts). By studying the process of communication and applying communication theory and principles to diverse real-life situations, you will have an opportunity to practice and analyze communication skills in various communication contexts. In order to do this, this course involves both speaking and writing assignments throughout the semester.

Goals At the conclusion of the course it is expected that students will demonstrate knowledge and skills in several core areas. Specifically, students should be able to: 1. Create and present well-organized, well-delivered speeches. 2. Use effective audience analysis to communicate in interpersonal, group, and public situations. 3. Use research support to make a persuasive argument. 4. Use appropriate visual aids and/or technology to enhance communication. 5. Demonstrate an awareness of the ethical responsibilities of communicators in public, interpersonal, and group situations. 6. Work constructively in groups to solve problems and accomplish tasks by applying specific group communication concepts and processes. 7. Identify how the process of perception works in everyday life. 8. Critically analyze and interpret verbal and nonverbal messages. 9. Identify specific strategies for how interpersonal relationships begin, are maintained and end. 10. Apply interpersonal conflict concepts to personal interactions. 11. Demonstrate an understanding of language bias/prejudice and its impact on the communication process. 12. Demonstrate an understanding of culture and its impact on the communication process. 13. Demonstrate effective listening in a variety of contexts.

Attendance & Lateness Policy In this course, I will take attendance. You are allowed to miss three classes. For each additional absence your final grade will be deducted by a letter grade. If you have a B after the final, but missed four classes; you would be awarded a B- for the course.

Furthermore, if I distribute an assignment during class, you will be responsible for contacting a classmate to make copies. I will NOT bring extra copies of assignments. I will also not “re-teach” anything to students that I have already taught, this includes further explanation of assignments.

Being absent on a day that you are assigned to speak will result in an automatic 0 for the assignment. Being absent on a day that you are assigned to assess another speaker will results in an automatic 0 for your speaker evaluation.

If you are traveling on a University sponsored activity (athletic competition, field trips, etc.), it is your responsibility to negotiate your speaking and critiquing schedule.

If you are going to be late for class, please don't bother showing. Being late to this course tells me that #1 – You don't value the course. #2 – You don't value my time. #3 – You are irresponsible.

Classroom Behavior  All cellular phones should be shut off before class. If your phone rings during someone else's presentation, you will receive a “0” for your presentation.  Laptop computers are not allowed in the classroom – unless you have a student request from Student Support Services.

Presentational Behavior  I expect that you will come to class prepared to give a speech – sans hats, gum, etc.  Successful speakers dress for the occasion.  It is important that you exercise discretion and good judgment regarding visual aids and speech topics. You should not bring to class any item that is illegal or prohibited on campus (e.g. drugs, alcohol, firearms, pornography, and related paraphernalia, etc.). If you have any questions about what is appropriate, ask your instructor.  Always treat your classmates with respect. Failure to do so will result in loss of all participation points.

Work Requirements & Grades 1. All written work is expected to be typed and stapled. I will not accept work that in not stapled or is incomplete (missing grading rubric). 2. All work is due in paper form at the beginning of class. 3. I am strong proponent of writing across curriculum, therefore correct spelling, grammar, punctuation, and structure will be included in the grade. Work that is not presented in this fashion will receive a “0.” 4. I will not answer questions about an assignment in the 24 hours preceding its due date. 5. You should use APA in your papers and projects. If you question what this acronym means, please contact me immediately! 6. ***Wikipedia, dictionaries, and encyclopedias do NOT count as sources!!! *** 7. Changes may be made to the syllabus as the instructor deems appropriate. 8. Grading Scale Percentage Grade 94-100 A 90-93 A- 87-89 B+ 84-86 B 80-83 B- 77-79 C+ 74-76 C 70-73 C- 67-69 D+ 64-66 D 60-63 D- 59↓ F

Late Work & Completion Policy I do not accept late work. If something beyond your control occurs, please contact me as soon as possible to explain why an assignment will be late. You may email me or phone me.

All assignments must be completed to pass the course, even if this means you do a late assignment for no credit. Schedule

Date Materials Covered Assignment/Due August 25 Introduction August 27 Chapter 1 August 29 Chapter 2 September 3 Chapter 8 September 5 Discuss Group Projects Library Scavenger Hunt September 8 Chapters 15 -16 September 10 Chapters 15 -16 Learn & Serve Proposals September 12 Chapters 15 -16 September 15 Chapters 7, 9, 10 September 17 Chapters 7, 9, 10 September 19 Chapter 7, 9, 10 September 22 Getting to Know Me Speeches September 24 Group Work Day September 26 Getting to Know Me Speeches September 29 Getting to Know Me Speeches October 1 Catch-Up/Mid-Term Review October 3 Mid-Term October 6 Group Work Day October 8 Chapter 3 October 10 Chapter 4 October 13 Chapter 4 October 15 Chapter 5 October 17 Chapter 6 October 20 Chapter 11 October 22 Intercultural Communication October 24 Intercultural Communication Brown Eye v. Blue Eye Reaction October 27 Group Work Day October 29 Informative Speeches October 31 Informative Speeches November 3 Informative Speeches November 5 Informative Speeches November 7 Informative Speeches November 10 Chapters 13 & 14 November 12 Chapters 13 & 14 November 14 Chapters 13 & 14 November 17 Chapter 12 - Persuasion November 19 Group Project November 21 Group Project December 1 Group Project December 3 Persuade Now December 5 Persuade Now December 8 Persuade Now December 10 Persuade Now December 12 Catch Up/Final Review December 15 12 PM Class 1 PM Final (Monday) December 16 1 PM Class 1 PM Final (Tuesday)

Plagiarism The UNI "Academic Ethics Policies" makes clear that "Cheating of any kind on examinations and/or plagiarism [which includes the purchasing] of papers or projects is strictly prohibited." Any work which violates the academic ethics policy of UNI will receive zero credit and, if the violation is serious enough, the student may receive an F in the course as well as additional disciplinary actions. For clarification, see the "Academic Ethics Policies" section contained in the 2006-2008 catalogue of courses.

The guidelines set forth by the University Faculty Senate at UNI will be upheld in this course in regards to cheating and/or plagiarism. Specifically, article 3.01 states that: Students at the University of Northern Iowa are required to observe the commonly accepted standards of academic honesty and integrity. Except in those instances in which group work is specifically authorized by the instructor of the class, no work which is not solely the student's is to be submitted to a professor in the form of an examination paper, a term paper, class project, research project, or thesis project.

A student who is found to have improperly used others' work must expect to be penalized for such action--even if the argument is made that the action was taken with innocent intention-and the student's instructor will normally judge such work "unacceptable." But it should be noted that the assignment of a low or failing grade for unacceptable work is not in itself a disciplinary action-- even if the assignment of such a grade results in the student's receiving a lower grade in the course--including "F"--than he or she would otherwise achieve. Such a response by an instructor is part of the normal grading process; if a student feels that he or she has grounds to protest a grade received through this process, the student has access to the academic grievance procedure which the University has developed to deal with all student academic grievances.

If a student is determined by an instructor to have committed a violation of academic ethics, the instructor may take additional disciplinary action including, but not limited to, grade reduction for the course in which the infraction occurs, even if the reduction is over and above the normal consequences resulting from the grade merited by the unacceptable work. In cases where such disciplinary action is taken, the instructor is obliged to report the action in writing, to the student, to the instructor's department head, (and, if the student is from a different department, to the head of the student's department), and to the Office of the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs. The Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs will notify the student in writing that such action has been taken, and will maintain a file for each student so disciplined. (This file is confidential and is independent of the student's normal University records.)

In cases of particularly flagrant violations of academic ethics relating to cheating or plagiarism, the instructor may feel obligated to recommend suspension from the University of Northern Iowa for a period ranging from the term in which the infraction occurs (with a loss of all credit earned during that term) to permanent suspension from the University. Such recommendations are sent in writing to the department head and the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, the latter of whom informs the student in writing that the recommendation has been made. In such cases, the academic appeals procedure is automatically invoked by the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs. Until the mandatory academic appeal in such cases has been completed, the recommended suspension is not in effect. In cases of a successful appeal to such action, the materials will be expunged from all University records.

Finally, the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs will regularly monitor all files relating to disciplinary action taken against specific students. If the monitoring reveals that there is a history of disciplinary actions taken against a particular student (excluding any actions which have been successfully grieved) such that there are three or more instances of such action subsequent to any academic grievances generated by such actions, the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs will, as a matter of course, institute proceedings for permanent suspension of that student. The procedures demand that the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs notify the student in writing that suspension procedures have been invoked, and there is an automatic appeal to the University academic grievance structure in all such cases. All parts of the academic grievance structure (including those stipulated in the immediately preceding paragraph) apply in such cases, except that the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, as the disciplinary officer, functions in the role of the instructor in an academic grievance relating to a specific class.

Anti-Discrimination and Harassment Policy The UNI Policy Statement on Anti-discrimination and Harassment Policy makes clear: "It is the policy of the University of Northern Iowa that there will be equal employment and educational opportunity without regard to race, color, sex, age, disability, veteran status, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, or any other basis protected by federal and/or state law. This includes the provision of a campus environment that is free from illegal discrimination and harassment. The University will not tolerate any form of illegal discrimination or harassment and will not condone any actions or words from employees or students that constitute such." For additional information, contact the Office of Compliance and Equity Management, LIB 441 (due to the fire in Gilchrist), 273-2846.

Special Needs If you have a particular educational need, please contact me early in the semester concerning what I can best do to make the learning experience a positive one. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) provides protection from illegal discrimination for qualified individuals with disabilities. Students requesting instructional accommodations due to disabilities must arrange for such accommodation through the Office of Disability Services. The Office of Disability Services is located at: 103 Student Health Center, and the phone number is: 273-2676. The Office of Disability Services has procedures in place to determine the validity of disability claims as well as the need for instructional accommodations.

As a previously trained K-12 teacher I am very aware and sensitive to specific needs that students may have therefore, I encourage you to utilize the Academic Learning Center's free assistance with writing, math, reading, and learning strategies:

 The Writing Center offers one-on-one writing assistance open to all UNI undergraduate and graduate students. Writing Assistants offer strategies for getting started, citing and documenting, and editing your work. Visit the Online Writing Guide at www.uni.edu/unialc/writingcenter/ and schedule an appointment at 008 ITTC or 319-273-2361.  The Math Center offers individual and small-group tutorials especially helpful for students in Liberal Arts Core math courses. No appointment is necessary, but contact the Math Center at 008 ITTC or 319-273-2361 to make certain a tutor will be available at a time convenient for you.  The Reading and Learning Center provides an Ask-a-Tutor program, consultations with the reading specialist, and free, four-week, non-credit courses in Speed Reading, Effective Study Strategies, PPST-Reading and -Math, and GRE-Quantitative and Verbal. Visit http://www.uni.edu/unialc/ and 008 ITTC or call 319-273-2361.

Grievance Procedure According to UNI Policies and Procedures, 12.02 Undergraduate Student Academic Grievance A process for the redress of academic grievances must be available to students within the framework of academic freedom, the integrity of the course, and the prerogative of the faculty to assign grades. In recognition of this, the University of Northern Iowa hereby establishes the following procedures. These procedures shall be the sole and exclusive means for the redress of an academic grievance, including the change of a student's grade. Grievances involving alleged acts of discrimination based on protected classes, including sexual harassment, are subject to Affirmative Action procedures.

Assignment Grade Appeals You are welcome to seek a grade change on any assignment or test. To do so, you will need to submit your appeal in writing during the class period immediately following the return of the graded assignment. In the appeal, you will need to do the following: a. identify which component or test question you are appealing, b. justify why your answer or performance was correct. In this section, you are expected to cite course readings, lecture notes, or assignment descriptions. In other words, make a case for why your answer is correct, c. if you are seeking partial credit, then quantify what amount of grade change you think is warranted. Please remember to attach the test or graded assignment to your appeal so that I may reference it.

Extra Credit Extra credit may be obtained in this class by attending any performance or event. After attending the event write one page about why you did/did not enjoy the event. Staple the program or ticket to the evaluation and return to me. You may choose to earn up to 20 points. Each event is worth five points.

Assignment Point Value I earned... Getting to Know Me (Speech) 60 Informing You (Speech) 100 Persuade Now (Speech) 60 Group Project 100 Library Scavenger Hunt 20 Intrapersonal Quote 10 Blue V. Brown Reaction 10 Mid Term 100 Final 100 Class Participation 40 Total 600 Oral Communication 48C:001

Section 8 - 8:00-9:15 T/Th (Lang 311)

Section 11 – 9:30-10:45 T/Th (Lang 311)

Section 16 – 12:30-1:45 (Lang 222)

Section 30 – 2:00-3:15 (Lang 222)

“What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us.”

-Ralph Waldo Emerson

Instructor: Roxanne L. Heimann E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected] Office: Lang 338 Office Hours: T/Th 10:45-12:30, 3:15-4:30 Phone: 273-6985, 989-9386 – not after 10 Course Description:

This course is a survey course designed to increase your understanding of the principles of effective verbal and nonverbal communication (speaking, listening, thinking, and writing) in a variety of settings and to generally improve your communication skills. You will prepare and deliver four speeches, take quizzes and exams, and participate in a group project as well as class discussions and activities.

Required Materials:

-Communication: Making Connections (7th ed.) by Seiler and Beall

-Student Packet for Oral Communication

* Both available at University Book and Supply *

Course Goals:

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will…

1. be able to prepare, support, and present effective presentations tailored to various audiences and purposes. 2. understand and apply verbal and nonverbal communication principles and strategies in a variety of communication contexts (including but not limited to gender, cultural, interpersonal, relational, and professional contexts.) 3. understand and apply strategies for critically evaluating and responding to speakers in a variety of communication contexts. 4. understand and apply group communication techniques for problem solving, conflict resolution, and role definition.

Late Work Policy:

You MUST complete all four speaking assignments in order to pass this class! Late work (including presentations) will be accepted and/or rescheduled at my discretion with a 20% per class day deduction on presentations and a 50% point deduction on other assignments. IF YOU DO NOT CONTACT ME ON THE DAY OF YOUR MISSED SPEECH, IT IS UNLIKELY I WILL ALLOW YOU TO MAKE IT UP. Generally speaking, I will not accept homework assignments that are more than one day late. On the Tuesdays of weeks with assigned reading, you will have an open note quiz. If you miss a quiz, you may NOT make it up unless it was missed due to a University-sponsored event. In this event, arrangements must be made to take the quiz BEFORE they are given in class. If class was missed for another reason I determine to be acceptable, students may do an alternate assignment involving the assigned chapter(s) for up to the ten possible points of the quiz. This option may be used up to two times throughout the semester, and students must contact me in advance to arrange this. Alternative assignments are due at the beginning of the following class period, no exceptions.

Attendance Policy:

Attendance is required! However, life happens. You are allowed two freebie absences, no questions asked. Use these absences wisely; once they’re gone, they’re gone. Each additional absence will result in your participation grade being lowered by five points. A student that misses more than 25% of the class (8 classes) will automatically fail. Speech days count as two absences. Additionally, please note that if you are in class but clearly not engaged (i.e. texting, reading the newspaper, reviewing other class notes, etc.) you are absent. Also note that being late (coming in after I do attendance) three times will equal an absence.

Academic Misconduct:

I do not tolerate cheating and/or plagiarism. See page 5 of your course pack for the full policy. Cite your sources verbally and on your outline. Doing so gives you credibility on the subject AND gives credit to the source.

Course Assignments and Grades:

Assignments will be discussed in depth as we go, and more information on the presentations is located throughout the course pack. See the daily schedule for due dates. Additionally, students may complete two extra credit assignments throughout the semester, earning up to a total of 10 points.

Assignment Points

Reading Quizzes….………………….. ……….……..80

Introductory Presentation………………….……….25

Informative Presentation………………….………..50 Midterm Exam…………………………………..…..100

Group Presentation……………………………..…..100

Persuasive Presentation…………………………….100

Peer Evaluations……………………………...... 20

Final Exam…………………………………...... 100

Class Participation…………………………………....75

Total: 650

Other Important Info:

All work (except when noted) must be typed, neat, STAPLED (including the grading sheet), and professional in appearance. I may not accept it if it does not meet that criteria.

I will not answer questions on major assignments 24 hours or less before they are due.

No dictionaries, encyclopedias or other reference materials may be used as sources. NO WIKIPEDIA!!

You are responsible for reading the text! We will in no way be covering every concept from it in class. Assigned chapters are fair game for exams.

To an extent, this class is what you and your classmates make it! Try and choose speech topics that are creative and that you are really passionate about. As a result, your classmates and I probably will be, too! I reserve the right to veto certain speech topics. (More information on that will be given in class.) If you think your topic might be risky, run it by me BEFORE you present.

The Americans with Disabilities Act:

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) provides protection from illegal discrimination for qualified individuals with disabilities. Students requesting instructional accommodations due to disabilities must arrange for such accommodation through the Office of Disability Services. The ODS is located at: 213 Student Services Center, and the phone number is: 273-2676. Tentative Daily Schedule

Date Content Readings

August 26-28 Course Introduction and Intro to Communication Process Chapter 1

Septembe 2-4 Perception and Listening Chapters 2 & 6 r

Septembe 9-11 Topic Selection, Audience Analysis, Organization and Outlining, Chapters 7, 9, & r Delivery and Apprehension 10

Septembe 16-18 Introductory Speech Presentations r

Septembe 23-25 Finding Supporting Material, Informative Speaking Chapters 8 & 11 r

Sept - Oct 30-2 Verbal & Nonverbal Communication Chapters 4 & 5

October 21-23 Midterm Exam/Start Group Communication

October 28-30 Principles of Group Communication Chapters 15 & 16 November 4-6 Persuasion Chapter 12 and pp. 223-226 Credibility and Persuasive Organization Patterns

November 18-20 Self and Self Concept Chapters 3, 13, & 14 Interpersonal Communication & Relationships

December 15-18 Final Examination Week

Exam times to be announced Oral Communication 48C:001 Sections 21 & 26 Communication Studies Fall 2008 Instructor: Steven Palmquist Office: Lang 344 Phone: 273-3693 (office) 273-2217 (department office-messages) 352-2068 (home) or 504-0591 (cell & voice mail) No phone calls after 10 p.m. please – except for emergencies. e-mail [email protected]

Office Hours: Monday, Wednesday, Friday 11:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m. or by appointment

Required Materials: Communication: Making Connections (Seventh Edition) Seiler & Beall Student Packet for Oral Communication Both available at University Book and Supply

Recommended Materials: 3-ring notebook (1” – 2”) with loose leaf notebook paper Electronic storage device (compatible with PC and/or Mac hardware) 3”x5” index cards – packet of 100

Important note concerning cell phones! None of us want the interruption of a cell phone ringing during a presentation. First choice would be to have them turned off during class. Second choice is turn them to silent/vibrate. It should go without saying, NO TEXT MESSAGING! But now I have said it.

Important note concerning written materials and visual aids! All outlines and bibliographies should be word processed in 12 pt. Arial font. Appropriate margins are approximately 1” with spacing that accommodates both readability and conservation of paper. Bibliographies should use APA style. Be sure to have your work “backed up” in several formats in case additional copies are requested. Always have a hard copy of your visual aids in case the projector or computer in the classroom is non-functional.

Important note concerning attendance! Review the Attendance Policy in the Course Packet Attendance will be taken at every class meeting!

The Student Packet includes other important information including polices regarding special needs, late & incomplete work and misconduct. The packet is also where you will find the course description, objectives, grading scale, assignments and grading sheets (rubrics). You must purchase a Student Packet.

An important note concerning Oral Communication and You! I welcome you to this course and the opportunities and challenges it offers. Each section is unique because of the diversity you bring. Together we will strive to make the best use of our time together and to maximize the learning and our enjoyment. I encourage you to cultivate a positive attitude and a sense of adventure. Oral Communication 48C:001 Sections 21 & 26

Communication Studies

Fall 2008 Calendar

Dates Content Readings August 25, 27, 29 Course Introduction/Comm. Process Chapters 1 & 3

Self Concept

September 1 University Holiday

September 3, 5 Perception and Listening Chapters 2 & 6

September 8, 10, 12 Topic Selection, Audience Analysis, Chapters 7, 9, 10

Organization and Outlining, Stagefright and Delivery

September 15. 17. 19 Assignment 1 Presentations

September 22, 24, 26 Finding Supporting Material Chapters 8 & 11

Informative Speaking

September 29, Oct 1, 3 Verbal & Non-verbal Communication Chapters 4 & 5

October 6, 8, 10 Informative Presentations

October 13, 15, 17 Informative Presentations October 20, 22, 24 MIDTERM EXAMINATION / Begin Group Preparations

October 27, 29, 31 Principles of Group Communication Chapters 15 & 16

November 3, 5, 7 Persuasion, Credibility & Org. Patterns Chapter 12 & pp.223-226

November 10, 12, 14 Group Presentations

November 17, 19, 21 Interpersonal Comm. & Relationships Chapters 13, 14

December 1, 3, 5 Persuasive Presentations

December 8, 10, 12 Persuasive Presentations

FINAL EXAMINATION

Section 21: Tuesday, December 16 1 – 2:50 p.m.

Section 26: Monday, December 15 3 – 4:50 p.m. Class Participation point Opportunity dates s deadline Interest Survey 25-Aug 5 27-Aug Table Tent 25-Aug 5 27-Aug GBPAC event season 20 3-Dec Theatre UNI fall season 20 21-Nov MAPP (frosh) or alternative 5-Sep 15 30-Sep 10 + Research Proficiency 22-Sep 10 26-Sep Art Gallery Permanent 25 Aug - 21 Collection Sept 10 26-Sep UNI Museum "Visions of 8 Sept - 20 Africa" Dec 10 3-Dec Epitaph Eloquence 29-Aug 5 12-Sep Last Words 29-Aug 5 12-Sep Jargon / Slang 29 Sept` 5 + 5 3-Oct Letter to NI editor or guest col. fall season 10 3-Dec Lectures, panels, presentations fall season 10 3-Dec waterloo ctr Springs, Sprockets & Pulleys arts 10 3-Dec Waterloo Community Playhouse fall season 20 3-Dec Cedar Falls Community Theatre fall season 20 3-Dec Campus Activities Board events fall season 10 3-Dec Department of Communication Studies 48C:001: Oral Communication

Fall 2007

Section 3—Shaw

Instructor: Marilyn Shaw

Campus Phone #--273-7478

E-mail: [email protected]

Office: Lang 335

Office Hrs: 10-10:50 A.M. daily and by appointment

Required Text and Materials:

Seiler, William J and Melissa L. Beall. (2008). Communication: Making

Connections. Boston: Pearson: Allyn and Bacon. 7th ed.

Blank VHS Tape

Course Description and Objectives:

This course is a survey course designed to assist you in increasing your knowledge and skills in employing verbal and nonverbal communication messages in a variety of settings (i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, and public contexts). By studying the process of communication and applying communication theory and principles to diverse real-life situations, you will have an opportunity to practice and analyze communication skills in various communication contexts. In order to do this, this course involves both speaking and writing assignments throughout the semester. Liberal Arts Core

As part of UNI’s Liberal Arts Core (Category I,B), along with the required College Reading and Writing and Math courses, this course has the following proficiencies it hopes to develop/increase in students (cf. liberal arts website at http://fp.uni.edu/lac/):

Communication Students should be able to speak, listen, read, write, and view effectively, adapting appropriately to the audience and material at hand.

Information Students should be able to use both traditional sources and modern technologies to access, analyze, and manage information.

Thinking Students should be able to address complex issues and problem situations with sound reasoning, reflective judgment, creative imagination, and a critical, analytical bent of mind.

Interpersonal Students should understand human emotions, motivations, and idiosyncrasies, and be able to participate effectively in relationships, groups, and citizenship activities.

Quantitative Students should be able to make effective use of quantitative data, and to intelligently apply relevant mathematical and statistical concepts and methods on appropriate occasions.

Course Objectives, Outcomes, and Competencies

At the conclusion of this course it is expected that students will demonstrate knowledge and skills in several core areas. Specifically, students should be able to:

1. Create and present well-organized, well-delivered speeches. 2. Use effective audience analysis to communicate in interpersonal, group, and public situations. 3. Use research support to make a persuasive argument. 4. Use appropriate visual aids and/or technology to enhance communication. 5. Demonstrate an awareness of the ethical responsibilities of communicators in public, interpersonal, and group situations. 6. Work constructively in groups to solve problems and accomplish tasks by applying specific group communication concepts and processes. 7. Identify how the process of perception works in everyday life. 8. Critically analyze and interpret verbal and nonverbal messages. 9. Identify specific strategies for how interpersonal relationships begin, are maintained, and end. 10. Apply interpersonal conflict concepts to personal interactions. 11. Demonstrate an understanding of language bias/prejudice and its impact on the communication process. 12. Demonstrate an understanding of culture and its impact on the communication process. 13. Demonstrate effective listening in a variety of contexts.

Statement on Special Needs Accommodation

The American with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) provides protection from illegal discrimination for qualified individuals with disabilities. Students requesting instructional accommodations due to disabilities must arrange for such accommodation through the Office of Disability Services. The Office of Disability Services is located at the Student Services Center, 213, and the phone number is 273-2676. The Office of Disability Services has procedures in place to determine the validity of disability claims as well as the need for instructional accommodations. UNI is an equal opportunity, nondiscrimination institution.

Class Attendance 25 points

Regular attendance is crucial in this course because you can’t present speeches without an audience and each of you has an obligation to serve in both capacities. In addition to presenting speeches, there will be many in-class activities to help you understand the course material and assist you in preparing your speeches. Students can miss three (3) classes without losing points directly for attendance. However, for all absences past three, there will be a grade reduction of 5 points per absence. It is also important to be prompt. Listeners and audience members should be respectful of those speaking; therefore tardiness should be kept to a minimum. Please note that being tardy more than 30 minutes to class is an absence. Three tardies of less than 30 minutes are also equal to an absence. Furthermore, if a tardy student interrupts another student’s speech, the tardy student will incur a 10% grade reduction for their similar assignment. It is each student’s responsibility to ensure that they have been “counted” as present for each class by signing the attendance sheet each class meeting. Attendance Bonus: Students who are present (and on time) during every class will be awarded 5 points extra credit at the end of the term. Excused Absences

Excused absences will not result in the loss of points from your final score. However, they require documentation of some kind. (Ex. Evidence of a visit to a doctor, evidence of a death in the family, evidence of a court appearance). What constitutes excused absences in up to my discretion.

Student Interruptions

All cell phones, beepers, palm pilots, watch alarms, etc. must be in an inaudible mode prior to class. Interruptions also include but are not limited to tardiness, talking during inappropriate times or about inappropriate topics, rummaging through bags during class, intimidating other students in any way, unsupportive behavior or any kind, and/or any other behavior that may distract the speaker or audience. Interruptions during student speeches will not be tolerated. Any interruption of another student’s speech will result in a 10% reduction on the disruptive student’s similar assignment.

Constructive Participation 25 points

Constructive means active participation in class discussions, activities, and small group meetings and as audience members for each other, providing thoughtful written critiques of others’ speeches, making constructive comments when we debrief after a session of speeches, etc. Students who participate constructively will earn these points. Certain behaviors will decrease these points, such as conversations during lectures or other students’ speeches, the repeated need for me to spend class time drawing attention away from personal conversations, interruptions, etc. Too little appropriate interaction in class discussions and activities also result in decreased points. A pattern of behavior that is NOT constructive will result in the loss of up to 10 points from your final grade.

Plagiarism and Cheating

Plagiarism is wrong. All written and oral assignments must be the student’s original work, unless I have specifically authorized otherwise. Reference sources and quotations must be acknowledged with acceptable scholarly procedures. Failure to follow these guidelines is plagiarism, which is strictly forbidden by university policy.

Cheating is wrong. Unauthorized assistance may not be given or received for the completion of in-class or take home examinations except in the case of my authorization. Keep your eyes on your own work. If you are found to engage in an act of plagiarism or cheating, you may be dismissed from this class and face further university disciplinary procedures.

Speeches

This class fulfills the Speaking and Listening component of the Liberal Arts Core and requirements for a Communication major/minor. I take this very seriously. NO ONE will pass my class if you miss a speech. It is mathematically impossible. Missing a speech means a zero on the speech, outline, reference page, participation points, and critique. . Do not ask for an extension. If you are unable to present on your assigned date you may make arrangements with a classmate to switch dates. This must be done in advance and you must notify me before the speaking date.

Delivery of Speeches

An important component of presenting any speech is how you deliver it. The speeches in this class are all extemporaneous, meaning you deliver in a conversational style, using an outline or notes sparingly, maintaining strong eye contact throughout the speech with your audience, and having your hands free to gesture naturally as you would in conversation. Standing firmly on both feet, varying the tone and speed of your voice, using moments of silence effectively adds a great deal of interest and dynamism to your speech, and helps the audience stay interested. On the day of your speech wear comfortable clothing that supports the topic of your speech. Don’t wear a hat or cap as it detracts from your ability to maintain eye contact and I will automatically deduct points from your presentation.

Critiques/Being a critic (5 pts. Ea)

One aspect of learning to give effective speeches is learning to be an effective critic, both of you and of others. To be a critic and to do a critique of you or of someone else is NOT to judge them poorly, to criticize and tear down. To be a critic IS to evaluate carefully what is effective and what could be more effective in the way you or someone else does a speech. So, as an audience member you will be asked to fill out forms evaluating your class mates speeches. This will give them helpful feedback, give them other perspectives than mine, and will help you learn about what works well and what you may want to incorporate in your own speeches. You will also be asked to fill out a form critiquing each of your own speeches, again focusing on what you intended to do, what worked well, and what you would like to work on for the next time.

CRITERIA USED FOR EVALUATING SPEECHES AND PRESENTATIONS An average ( C ) speech should meet the following criteria:

 Be the kind of speech assigned (introductory, artifact, informative, persuasive, group)  Speaker is ready with preparation outline and delivers speech on the assigned date  Speech falls within the assigned time limit  Speaker fulfills any special requirements such as use of a visual aid or specific kinds of sources  Speaker uses a delivery outline or notes; does not read form a manuscript or recite from memory  Speech has a clear central idea and specific purpose  Speech has an identifiable introduction, body, and conclusion  Speaker makes eye contact, stands straight, if free of distracting mannerisms  Speech is free of serious errors in grammar, pronunciation, and word usage

An above average ( B ) speech should meet the following criteria:

 Deal with a challenging topic  Gain audience attention, establish speaker credibility and preview main proposition in introduction  Summarize main propositions, motivate, and provide closure in conclusion  Show clear organization of main propositions and supporting materials  Support main propositions with evidence that is accurate, relevant, recent and unbiased  Use transitions, internal previews and summarizes well  Be delivered in a way that does not distract attention from the speaker’s message

A superior ( A ) speech/presentation should meet the preceding criteria and also:

 Be a genuine contribution to the understanding or beliefs of the audience  Engage the audience’s positive interest throughout the speech  Use clear, vivid, appropriate language  Be delivered in a way that is natural, conversational, varied, and reinforces the message Basic Template for a Preparation Outline

Either an Informative or Persuasive Speech

Topic/Title: A word or short phrase that reveals the topic of your speech.

General Purpose: To inform OR to persuade

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about…. (what you want your audience to know)

To persuade my audience that we should…. (how you want the audience to change)

Central Idea: A brief, concise statement of what you expect to SAY in your speech. A thesis statement.

++++ The outline of your speech: What you will actually say in the speech ++++

INTRODUCTION

I. Gain your audience’s attention and interest them in the speech, using one or more of the following:

 Relate the topic to the audience  State the importance of your topic  Startle your audience  Arouse the curiosity of the audience  Begin with a quotation  Tell a story  II. Reveal your topic

 Clearly state the topic of your speech so your audience will not be confused.

III. Establish credibility and goodwill

 Show you are qualified to speak on a topic so your audience will perceive you as credible o Can be based on firsthand experience or knowledge o Can be based on thorough research and reading o Show that you have your audience’s best interests in mind o Can be used to defuse hostility, especially if you have a controversial topic o Can help show how your topic is relevant to audience members

IV. Preview the body of the speech

 Tell the audience what they should listen for in the rest of your speech  For an informative speech, this means that you should mention the main points of your speech  For a persuasive speech, this means that you mention the central idea, how you would like them to change, and the argument (reasoning plus evidence) you will use to convince them

I. Main point—The main idea should be one idea stated as a complete sentence.

A. Subpoint—The subpoint is material that supports your main point. It should

be one idea stated as a complete sentence

1. Subsubpoint—the subsubpoint is material that supports your subpoint.

It should be one idea stated as a complete sentence

a. Subsubsubpoint—The subsubsubpoint supports your subsubpoint. It should be one idea stated as a complete sentence.

2. Subsubpoint—If you have a one, you need a two.

B. If you have an A, you need a B

II. For speeches in this class, you should have between 2 and 4 main points.

CONCLUSION I. Signal the end of the speech

 Let the audience know that you are going to stop in about a minute  Can be simple, saying, “In conclusion…” OR “Let me end by saying…”  Use your delivery to show you are reaching the climax of your speech

II. Reinforce the central idea

 Summarize your speech by restating your central idea and your main points.  For a persuasive speech, restate your main argument  For a persuasive speech, clearly state exactly how you want your audience to change

III. Conclude the speech in a way that touches hearts and minds of audience, and that is memorable.

 End with a brief quotation that captures your main idea.  Make a dramatic statement, reveal your own motivation, be surprising, riveting.  Refer to the introduction by mentioning the story you began with or restating the quotation

+++++ REFERENCES++++

(APA style)

INTRODUCTORY SPEECH (un-graded, but required) For this speech you will introduce yourself using an object that in some way represents a significant aspect of your life as a way to focus our attention and tell us something about you. This speech should be 2 minutes long, use few or no notes, and use a personal object as a visual aid. You do not need an outline for this speech. You will deliver this speech on

______.

______INFORMATIVE SPEECH (30 points): Here is a checklist for the requirements for this speech. Following you will find detailed comments about each requirement. This speech must have:

Informative Min. 4 kinds of sources

Extemporaneous Delivery outline

Correct topic 4-6 minutes long

Preparation outline Visual aid

References

Choose ONE of the following topics:

 A significant aspect of a culture not your own.  Something about your family’s background about which you know little.  Something related to your chosen profession

For the first option, the culture you choose could be from another country, but could also be a subculture of the US such and Amish, or off read dirt bikers or music fans of a particular group. You will need to narrow your focus somewhat by choosing some aspect of the culture or subculture, such as marriage customs, a special event, or fan behavior. You can research and learn more about this other culture from library or Internet sources, but also can conduct interviews with members of that culture to gain personal insights and anecdotes.

For the second option, research some aspect of your heritage about which you know little For example, you may know that your grandparents emigrated from Germany but not be very familiar with that culture or your family came from Africa through the Caribbean, but know much more. You can research and learn more about the context of your family’s history from library or Internet sources, but also can conduct interviews with family members to gain personal insights and anecdotes.

For the third option, you could explore a major or career you are considering, or some aspect of it. For example, if you are considering a major in finance, research what the daily work of a person in some financial career looks like. If you are already working, you could practice writing and delivering some upcoming event like a sales presentation or a progress report.

* A detailed, typed preparation outline. This outline should include the following: Preparing for the speech. You will not actually do this during the speech

 Topic: a word or phrase that is the subject of your speech.  General purpose: to inform  Specific purpose: (to inform the audience about…. (what you want the audience to know)  Central idea: one sentence that summarizes the central idea and main points of the speech

The actual speech. What you will actually say as you deliver the speech.

 Introduction: Gains your audience’s attention, establishes your credibility and connects with the audience, reveals the topic, and previews the main points to come in the body of the speech.  Body: Includes the 2-4 main points you want to make about your topic, along with supporting material that supports, expands upon, clarifies and elaborates on each main point.  Conclusion: Signals the end of the speech and restates the central idea.

References. Cites the sources you used to prepare the speech. See below

*For your preparation outline you need to have references from at least four kinds of sources (such as book, newspaper, Internet, interview). You may have more than four references, but they should come from at least four different kinds of sources. This means you should not only have four INTERNET web sites or only four books. I’m looking for a variety of sources AND a variety of kinds of sources. At the end of your preparation outline, using APA style format, prepare a list of the references you actually used in the speech.

*A delivery outline is a brief version of your preparation outline for you to use in delivering your speech. A one page, typed delivery outline is recommended. You may use note cards. The difference between the preparation outline and the delivery outline is that the delivery outline should be much briefer and very easy to understand at a glance. Where the preparation outline should have complete sentences and references, the delivery outline should use brief phrases and key terms to help prompt your memory of the speech you’ve prepared. The point of an extemporaneous speech is that you prepare so thoroughly that you can simply speak in a conversational manner to your audience, maintaining eye contact, using expressive hand gestures, and only needing to glance down at your notes occasionally to remind yourself of what you already know. Notice that you should not simply READ FROM YOUR NOTES!!! Your grade will be marked down if you spend much of the speech with your eyes on the notes, reading. This delivery outline is intended to be helpful for you and can be marked up without affecting you grade on the speech. Turn in this outline at the end of your speech so I can make helpful comments for your delivery outline for your next speech.

*The speech should be 4-6 minutes long. When you practice, aim for 5 minutes. *You are required to use visual aids as you present your speech. This can be an overhead placed on the Elmo, a poster, an item from the culture or profession, a costume or article of clothing, etc. Check with me about what you are considering using. The way you present the visual aid will affect your grade. Make sure it is large enough for the class to be able to see clearly, and that it HELPS and DOES NO T DISTRACT from your presentation. Remember that it is to SUPPORT your speech, not replace it. You may also use an audio aid, such as a recording of music or a sample of another language, but this in not required and cannot be used in place of a visual aid.

*Reflection Papers (10 points) are always due at the beginning of class. I will not accept them late. Due the class period after you present your speech.

 Minimum of 2 pages  Must be typed, double spaced  Font cannot be larger than 12 pt  (I accept and of the “normal” fonts, for example, Times New Roman, Palatino, Arial, Courier New)  Include terms from your textbook

Items to include:

How often did you practice? Where? Did you practice in front of anyone?

How did you select which topic to approach?

Describe how you prepared for the presentation.

What did you do well?

Where can you improve?

How did you feel during the speech?

How do you feel about the content of your speech? Could your content be

improved? How?

How do you feel about the delivery of your speech? Did you have fillers? How was your eye contact? How can you improve on these and other delivery aspects?

What not to include:

Do not give me a play-by-play of the presentation. I SAW it!! PERSUASUVE SPEECH (50 points)

Here is a checklist for the requirements for this speech. Following you will find detailed comments about each requirement. This speech must be/have:

Persuasive Preparation outline

Topic you care about References

Target audience Appropriate sources

Connect with all of audience 5-7 minutes long

Question of ______A/V not required

Method of reasoning Extemporaneous

And is due on ______

*This speech should be persuasive, changing or reinforcing your audience’s beliefs or actions. Whereas informative speeches present information about something knows, persuasive speeches deal with something that is not yet completely known or decided. It is an action or belief that is debatable. The point of persuading someone is to convince that person to change in the direction you think is appropriate.

*Choose a topic that is something YOU genuinely care about. Since you want people to change, it is important that you be sincere, conveying the sense that you care about your topic and truly hope that they will agree with you. Also for this speech assignment, I want you to be working form something you already know something about (although you will need to do research to develop it more) and usually what we already care about we know about. It also needs to be something you can speak on for 5-7 minutes. *You must decide who your target audience is as you prepare your speech. Usually you cannot change everyone in your audience because some will have completely made up their own minds already and are not open to being changed. There is little chance of changing their opinions. Some people will agree with you already. For these you will want to reinforce what they already believe or are doing. Some may not agree with you entirely, but are open to having their minds and or actions changed.

*Make sure that you connect with all your audience members. Even though you cannot change everyone, you still must show each member of your audience that you respect them, and appreciate that they are willing to spend time and attention listening to your speech.

*Your speech must deal with some kind of question. Review Ch. 12 to decide which of the following kinds of question and organization best suits your topic:

 Is it a question of fact; a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion?  Is it a question of value; a question about the worth, rightness or morality of an idea or action?  Is it a question of policy; a question about whether a specific course of action should/not be taken?

*The method of persuasion you use id critical to your grade. Review the information for arguing using evidence in Chapter 12. Select one appropriate method of reasoning:

 Reasoning form specific instances; reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion.  Reasoning from principle; reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.  Causal reasoning; reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.  Analogical reasoning; reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is true for the second.

*A detailed, typed preparation speech outline is due at the beginning of your speech. Make sure to include the following in your preparation outline.

Preparing for the speech. You will not actually say during the speech.

 Topic: A word or phrase that is the subject of your speech  General Purpose: To persuade  Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience that we should/not…. (state how you want your audience to change a belief or behavior)  Central Idea: One sentence that summarizes the central idea and argument of your speech The actual speech. What you will actually say as you deliver the speech.

 Introduction: Gains the audience’s attention, establishes your credibility and connects with the audience, reveals the topic and previews the main points to come in the body of the speech.  Body: Includes the 2 to 4 main points you want to make about your topic, along with supporting material that supports, expands upon, clarifies and elaborates on each main point. For a persuasive speech, this is where you will argue for a particular stand on a question of fact, value or policy using one of the methods of reasoning.  Conclusion: Signals the end of the speech, restates the central idea, specifically saying how you want the audience member to change a belief or behavior.

References. Cite sources you used to prepare the speech. See below.

*References from a variety of high quality sources are required. For this speech you can decide on how many sources and what kinds of sources are appropriate. You will be graded; however, on how appropriate your sources are, if there is adequate variety, if the reference list is prepared using APA style.

*This speech must be 5-7 minutes long. (Aim for 6)

*You may use a visual or audio aid, but it is not required. If you use aids, you will be graded on how effective and appropriate they are and how well you use them.

*This speech should be delivered extemporaneously, presenting a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech from a brief set of notes. No reading from or memorization or a manuscript is permitted. If you spend much of your time looking down at your notes, you will receive a lower grade.

*Reflection Papers (10 points) are always due at the beginning of class. I will not accept them late. Due that class period after you present your speech.

 Minimum of 2 pages  Must be typed, double spaced  Font cannot be larger than 12 pt  (I accept and of the “normal” fonts, for example, Times New Roman, Palatino, Arial, Courier New)  Include terms from your textbook

Items to include:

How often did you practice? Where? Did you practice in front of anyone?

How did you select which topic to approach?

Describe how you prepared for the presentation.

What did you do well?

Where can you improve?

How did you feel during the speech?

How do you feel about the content of your speech? Could your content be

improved? How?

How do you feel about the delivery of your speech? Did you have fillers? How was your eye contact? How can you improve on these and other delivery aspects?

What not to include:

Do not give me a play-by-play of the presentation. I SAW it!!

Working in Small Groups: Service Learning

Group Presentation (50 points: 20 delivery, 10 preparation/outline, 20 individual (5 delivery, 5 preparation/outline, 10 group evaluation). *You will be meeting together as a group during the last few weeks of the semester, working toward a presentation during the last week of class. You will have time to work in your groups during class time, but also will want to arrange for one or more meetings outside of class time to do library research, rehearse delivery, time the presentation, or prepare the group outline.

*Your presentation will be graded as a group, but also has an individual component. If the preparation and delivery among the group members seems to be similar, each group member will get the same grade. If some group members clearly did much better or much worse at delivery and preparation, the individual component will allow your grade to reflect this. Each member of the group will also rank all members to determine and take into consideration things that I can not observe.

*Here is a checklist for preparing the group presentation. Detailed descriptions are below.

Topic: Social Problem Visual or audio aid

Symposium style One outline for group

Moderator chosen List of references

Each member has a part 20 minutes

Informative element Presentation is due on ______

Persuasive element

Extemporaneous *Your topic for this assignment should be a social problem that you will research, and then propose a solution for in your group presentation. The social problem can be anything that you can research and present well as a group in 20 minutes. If can be local, regional, national, or global. Your group will have several meetings to work on this, time to research, use Dewey’s Reflective Problem Solving Process in the fishbowl, and time to fine tune for the presentation.

*This assignment will consist of a group presentation to the class following the symposium format.

*This presentation is due on ______

CEREMONIAL SPEECH (20 points)

The purpose of this speech is to introduce you to another format of public speaking. More often than any other speech format we are called upon to present speeches of celebration. Although these speeches can be rather lighthearted they can also be the most pragmatic. For this speech you have many choices; special occasion speeches include (but are not limited to) speeches of introduction, speeches of acceptance, award presentations, roasts and toasts, eulogies and other speeches of tribute, after-dinner speeches, and speeches of inspiration.

Use an introduction that captures the attention of the audience, has a clear thesis and a preview of main points. (2 will suffice)

Use an extemporaneous delivers style. You may have note cards or a key word outline.

Speeches are to be 2-2 ½ minutes in length.

Outlines are not required for this speech but I do expect you to dome prepared with some of your speech (if not all) written out. Please do not waste my time or your classmate’s time by “winging” the speech.

68 Assignment Tracker

Title Points Possible My points

Constructive Participation 25 points

Class Attendance 25 points

Being a Critic 5 points Ea. (3)

Informative Speech 30 points

Self Reflection 10 points

Informative Outline 10 points

Persuasive Speech 50 points

Persuasive Outline 10 points

Persuasive Reflection 10 points

Discretionary points 10 points

Service Learning Project 75 points

Group peer critique 10 points

M guides 20 points

Quiz 1 25 points

69 Quiz 2 25 points

Quiz 3 25 points

Quiz 4 25 points

Quiz 5 25 points

Quiz 6 25 points

Ceremonial Speech 20 points

Total points possible 470

The following percentages will be used in assigning final grades. The instructor reserves the right to increase points or decrease point value of assignments if the need arises.

A 95-100% C+ 77-79 D- 60-63

A- 90-94 C 74-76 F 00-59

B+ 87-89 C- 70-73

B 84-86 D+ 67-69

B- 80-83 D 64-66

70 Last Chance Day

In an effort to be fair, I have assigned a Last Change Day for all make up work. If you have missed ONE speech or other assignment, this will be the only day you can make them up. I will not allow make up’s for people who miss the assigned speech on their speaking day at any other time, other than this day.

The Bad news is that all make-up will suffer a 6% automatic deduction from their original grade. For example, if you would have received an A (95%) you will now receive a B+ (89%).

Make up Speeches—

No one can pass this class if they miss a speech—that’s the way it is. If you miss ONE speech you will be allowed to make up that speech on the Last Chance day. But will be at the mercy of time constraints and some rules.

 First, you can only make up one speech from the semester. (If you miss two speeches you have officially failed the class)  Second, you must have your outline and reference page typed and ready when you are called upon to speak.  Third, you must be on time—no one is allowed in the room once the speeches begin. A sign will be posted on the door.  Fourth, all speeches will be given on a lottery basis. (I cannot guarantee we will have time for all speeches)

At the start of class, everyone who has a make up speech will put their names on a card and I will draw manes—if we run out of time, your luck ran out! I will hold very strict time limits on speeches but cannot guarantee that everyone will get a turn. Those making up speeches due to verifiable excused absences will be given priority and full credit for their speeches on this day.

Make-up paperwork—

If you have a reflection paper that is late and you are trying to salvage some points you must sit through the speeches (as an audience member) and I will accept them at the end of class. I will NOT accept them if you are unwilling to sit and listen to the speeches. You must be on time—no one is allowed in the room once speeches begin.

The Good News: If you have no late assignments consider this a free day- take the time to study for a final or sleep in, or go shopping—whatever you want, after all, you have earned it. 71 Tentative Schedule

Class Topic Covered Assigned reading meeting

1 Intro to course/get acquainted/course policies

2 Connecting processes—meeting others Chapter 1

3 Perception and self Chapter 2 and 3

4 Quiz 1 (ch. 1,2,3)

5 Verbal and Nonverbal Comm. Ch. 4 and 5

6 Listening/Introductory Speeches 2 min. Ch 6

7 Putting in Together in Action

8 Quiz 2 (ch. 4,5,6)/ Managing Anxiety and Delivery Chapter 10

72 9 Selecting a Topic and Relation to the Audience Ch. 7

10 Gathering Info./ Outlining Ch. 8 & 9

11 Informative Speaking/Quiz 3 (ch 10, 7, 8) Ch 11

12 Interpersonal Comm Ch. 13

13 Informative Speeches 4-6 min. 10 speeches

14 Informative speeches 4-6 min. 10 speeches

15 Informative Speeches 4-6 min.

16 Developing Relationships/ Quiz 4 (ch 9, 11, 13) Ch. 14

17 Persuasive Speaking Ch. 12

18 Persuasive Speaking Ch 12

19 Group and Team Communication (assign groups) Ch. 15

20 Persuasive Speeches 5-7 minutes 8 speeches

21 Persuasive Speeches 5-7 minutes 9 speeches

22 Persuasive Speeches 5-7 minutes ( speeches

23 Participating in Groups Ch. 16

24 Group Day

25 Media and Organizations/ Quiz 5 (Ch 12,14, 15) Ch 17 & 18

26 Dewey’s Reflective Thinking

27 OC in Action

28 Quiz 6

29 Group Presentations 3---20 min ea

30 Group Presentations 3---20 min ea

31 Last Chance Day!!

5/2/07 Final class time Ceremonial Speeches (8-9:50) 2 ½ to 3 minutes

73 Oral Communication

Fall 2008

48C:001:02 – 8:00-8:50 Monday/Wednesday/Friday (Lang 308)

48C:001:22 – 1:00-1:50 Monday/Wednesday/Friday (Lang 308)

Instructor: John Bloomberg e-mail: [email protected]

Phone: 273-2501 (office)

273-2217 (department office)

215-5393 (home)

Office: Lang 351 Office Hours: M/W/F 8:50-9:30

M/W/F 12:30-1:00

Other times by appointment

Required Materials:

Communication: Making Connections (Seventh Edition) Seiler & Beall

Student Packet for Oral Communication

VHS tape

Recommended Materials:

3-ring binder data storage device

3”x5” index cards

Class Info:

74 I welcome you to this course and the opportunities and challenges it offers. Each section is unique because of the diversity you bring. This class is not torture and could actually be one you look forward to attending. Together we will strive to make the best use of our time together and to maximize the learning and our enjoyment. I encourage you to cultivate a positive attitude and sense of enjoyment.

To an extent, this class is what you and your classmates make it. Try and choose speech topics that are creative and that you are really passionate about. As a result, your classmates and I probably will be, too. I reserve the right to veto certain speech topics. (More information on that will be given in class.) If you think your topic might be risky, run it by me BEFORE you present.

Check your course packet for information on policies regarding special needs and misconduct. The packet is also where you will find the course description, objectives, grading scale, assignments and grading sheets.

Attendance:

Please review the attendance policy in the course packet. Attendance is required. However, life happens. You are allowed two freebie absences, no questions asked. Use these absences wisely; once they’re gone, they’re gone. Each additional absence will result in your grade being lowered by ten points. A student who misses more than 25% of the class (12 classes) will automatically fail. Speech days count as two absences.

Tentative Schedule

August 25-29 Course Introduction/Intro to Communication Process/Self-Concept Chapters 1 & 3

September 1-5 Monday, Sept. 1 Labor Day – NO CLASS Chapters 2 & 6

Perception and Listening

September 8-12 Topic Selection, Audience Analysis, Organization and Outlining, Chapters 7, 9, 10 Delivery and Apprehension

September 15-19 Introductory Speech Presentations

September 22-26 Finding Supporting Material, Informative Speaking Chapters 8 & 11 75 Sept - Oct 29-3 Verbal & Nonverbal Communication Chapters 4 & 5

October 20-24 Midterm Exam/Start Group Communication

October 27-31 Principles of Group Communication Chapters 15 & 16

November 3-7 Persuasion Chapter 12

November 17-21 Interpersonal Communication & Relationships Chapters 13 & 14

November 24-28 Thanksgiving Break – NO CLASS

December 15-18 Final Examination Week

Section 2 - 8:00, Monday, December 15

Section 22 - 1:00, Tuesday, December 16

Course Assignments and Grades:

76 Assignments will be discussed in depth as we go, and more information on each is located throughout your course pack. You are responsible for reading the text! We will not be able to cover every concept from it in class. Assigned chapters are fair game for exams.

Reading quizzes will be given at the beginning of class on the Monday of the week the chapters are assigned. All work (except when noted) must be typed, neat, and professional in appearance. Write in full sentences.

You MUST complete all four speaking assignments in order to pass this class. Late work (including presentations) will be accepted and/or rescheduled at my discretion with a 50% point deduction. Generally speaking, I will not accept assignments that are more than one day late.

Oral Communication Assignments

Assignment Possible Due Score

Reading Quiz 1/3 10 8/27 ______

Reading Quiz 2/6 10 9/3 ______

Reading Quiz 7/9/10 10 9/8 ______

Introductory Presentation 25 9/15 ______

Reading Quiz 8/11 10 9/22 ______

Reading Quiz 4/5 10 9/29 ______

Informative Presentation 50 10/6 ______

Informative Peer Evaluation 10 10/20 ______

77 Informative Self Evaluation 25 10/20 ______

Midterm Exam 100 10/22 ______

Reading Quiz 15/16 10 10/27 ______

Reading Quiz 12 10 11/3 ______

Group Presentation 100 11/10 ______

Reading Quiz 3/14 10 11/17 ______

Speaker Evaluation 25 11/21 ______

Persuasive Presentation 100 12/1 ______

Class Evaluation 25 12/12 ______

Persuasive Peer Evaluation 10 12/15-16 ______

Final Exam 100 12/15-16 ______

TOTAL 650 ______

Remember: Your lowest quiz score will be dropped and replaced with a 10.

Also, 10 points will be deducted from your final total for every absence after your first two.

78 Oral Communication

48C:001:1e

Tuesday/Thursday, 8-9:15 a.m.; Lang 211

Instructor: Mr. Matt Foy

Office: Lang 319 Hours: Thursday, 4-6 p.m. or appointment

Office phone: (319) 273-3589 E-mail: [email protected]

Welcome to Oral Communication! We’re all going to have a great semester, provided every one in this room: 1) comes to class prepared; 2) is willing to participate; and 3) is respectful of everyone in this class.

Here are my expectations for every student in this class. For complete details, please read the Oral Communication packet you should have purchased at the bookstore.

Preparation

Every day, you are expected to come to class on time — we start at 8 a.m. every day, and no material will be repeated for those who aren’t on time. You will bring the following materials: your textbook, your packet, and any assigned homework. The late work policy is well explained on p. 3 of your packet. If forgetting your other materials becomes an issue, I reserve the right to penalize you, up to and including counting you absent for each day you don’t bring all your materials. It’s very simple to bring the same things to class every day. Don’t let this become an issue!

Tardy policy: If tardiness becomes a problem, I reserve the right to lock the door at 8 a.m. and not allow any stragglers into class. If you live on-campus, there’s absolutely no reason why you can’t make it to class by the time we start. You are taking a risk by showing up late — no one has to tell you what you missed, and I won’t have any sympathy for you, either.

Participation

I realize the idea of speaking in front of the class might petrify some of you, but you’re in college now, and every one of you will be expected to contribute to the class conversation. If you look at the list of assignments you will be graded on in your packet (p. 6), 75 points — over 10 percent of your total grade — is participation points. Obviously, you’ll receive

79 zero points for days you aren’t in class. (Read the Attendance and Participation Policy on p. 4 closely — you will fail this course if you choose not to show up for class.)

There will be no set criteria for how you earn participation points. Some points will be earned by completing certain in- class and out-of-class activities, which I may assign at any time. Some points will be awarded for participating in and contributing to our daily discussions. I don’t ask anyone to speak up every time, but you all are capable of bringing positive contributions to this class! (Over …)

Respect

We’re all in this class together, and this semester will be a good experience for us all so long as we respect each other. Nobody in here wants their contributions in this class to be marginalized because someone is not giving them the respect they deserve. The following rules are in place to help us all get along better:

 If someone (either a student, a guest, or myself) is speaking to the class, everyone else will be quiet and give the speaker their full attention. Offenders to this rule will be asked to leave the class and will be counted absent for that day. Consistent offenders may receive more severe penalties — including failing the class.

 I don’t hate cell phones, but I hate how people act with them. If you can’t leave your phone elsewhere when you come to class, you will be expected to have them turned off or silent. Text messaging is prohibited — if I catch you, you will be counted absent for that day. If a student cannot handle the privilege of owning a phone, he or she will be removed from class. If the class cannot, I will take more extreme measures to rectify the situation. (If you think I’m overstepping my bounds with these policies, I encourage you to carefully read the final sentence of the Attendance and Participation Policy, p. 4.)

 While you’re reading that, read the rest of the policy closely. If you are caught sleeping, working on other things, or generally not paying attention, you will be counted absent. If you absolutely must do these things, you may as well not show up at all. I won’t tell you how to spend your time, but how you prioritize this class will directly impact your grade.

 Laptop computers are not allowed during class time. I love my computer, too, but they are distracting to you and the people sitting around you, and you’ll learn the material better if you take notes by hand.

 Food and drink are not allowed in the classroom. You are expected to pick up after yourself at the conclusion of class. A lot of people work hard to keep this building looking good; they don’t need any extra work from you.

80  If you want to dispute a speech grade, you must make an appointment to discuss it with me during office hours and you must submit your dispute in writing. Under absolutely no circumstances will I discuss grades in class! Unless I grade a multiple choice answer wrong, quiz and test scores are non-negotiable.

Homework Guidelines

 Submit all homework typed, black ink on white paper, and in a readable font of at least 12 points. All sources will be cited using APA format (see p. 22-25 of your packet). If I can’t read it, I’ll assume you have something to hide.

 For assignments with visual aids, bring any electronic media on a CD or flash drive. Also bring a hard copy — you never know how computers will act. Tentative Daily Schedule

(This could change at any time. I will inform you of any changes well in advance)

August 26, 28 Course Introduction/Intro to Communication Process/Self-Concept Chapter 1,3

Assign first speech?

September 2, 4 Perception and Listening Chapters 2 & 6

September 9, 11 Topic Selection, Audience Analysis, Organization and Outlining, Chapters 7 ,9, 10 Delivery and Apprehension

September 16, 18 Introductory Speech Presentations

September 23, 25 Speech review meetings (23, 25); Library Day, Quiz, Mitch Chapters 8 & 11 Christensen public speeking assembly (25)

Sept - Oct 30, 2 MAPP Tests (30); Quiz, Great speech paper due Chapters 4 & 5

October 7, 9 Informative Presentations

81 October 14, 16 Informative Presentations

October 21, 23 Midterm Exam (date undecided); Debate critique paper due (23) Chapters 15 & 16

October 28, 30 Principles of Group Communication Chapters 15 & 16

November 4, 6 Persuasion Chapter 12 + pp. _223-226_____ Credibility and Pers Org Patterns

November 11, 13 Group Presentations

November 18, 20 Speech review meetings; Interpersonal Comm, & Relationships Chapters 13, 14

November 25, 27 Thanksgiving Break — No classes

December 2, 4 Persuasive Presentations

December 9, 11 Persuasive Presentations

December 14-18 Final Exam: Tuesday, December 16, 8-9:50 a.m.

82 Oral Communication 48C:001 COMMUNICATION STUDIES

Fall 2008

Instructor: John Raschig

Office: Lang 319

Phone: 273-3589

E-mail: [email protected]

Office Hours: Mondays 2pm-4pm

Wednesdays 2pm-4pm

Fridays By Appointment

Welcome to Oral Communication! This should be and most likely will be one of the most practical and useful classes you take in your college career. Everyone needs to be an effective communicator regardless of chosen field of endeavor and with the right teaching and training, communication, whether interpersonal or public, can be a lot of fun. This will hopefully be an enjoyable class.

Required Materials:

Communication: Making Connections (7th ed.) by Seiler and Beall.

Student Packet for Oral Communication

Both available at University Book and Supply

83 Important Note about Written Materials and Visuals :

All work to be turned in (outlines and bibliographies) should be typed in 12 pt. Times New Roman font and be spaced appropriately. Bibliography should use APA style. All written work should be saved on a disk/jump drive in case additionally copies are requested.

Visual aids you wish to project using the computer should be burned to a CD or saved on a flash drive. Always have with you a hard copy of your visuals as a backup, in case the projector or computer is down.

PLEASE READ AND REVIEW THE ATTENDANCE POLICY IN THE COURSE PACKET! ATTENDANCE WILL BE TAKEN DAILY!

Other important information in the packet includes policies regarding special needs, late and incomplete work, and misconduct. The packet is also where you will find the course description, objectives, grading scale, assignments and grading sheets

CLASSROOM PARTICIPATION IS VITAL NOT ONLY FOR CLASS PARTICIPATION BUT ALSO FOR UNDERSTANDING OF CONCEPTS

While lecture will be a component of most classes, I feel class discussion remains a more useful tool to learn and clarify concepts. I want to hear your input regarding topics rather than me simply standing in the front of class reciting information. THIS MEANS ABSOLUTELY NO CELL PHONES! The use of a cell phone during class is disrupting, disrespectful, and rude. Please put your cell phones on vibrate or turn them off completely. I can see if you are texting and will mark you absent for the day. Laptops are acceptable to take notes with.

DURING CLASSROOM DISCUSSION PLEASE BE CONSIDERATE AND RESPECTFUL OF OTHERS

During discussion, people will disagree; I hope they disagree as it makes for much better discussion. However, if you disagree with someone, be respectful of their point of view and attack arguments, not people. After speeches, it is acceptable to provide constructive criticism, but give comments with the intent to improve their communication skills, not to demean them.

84 HAVE FUN: TALKING IS MORE FUN THAN WRITING