BIO 2430 Fall 2012 Study Guide Exam #3

BIO 2430 Fall 2012 Study Guide Exam #3 90 Multiple Choice Questions (90 pts) Chapters 10, 11, 12. We have covered chapters 10,12 in lecture. Chapter 11 is read on your own and overlaps what is covered in the lab. The test will be biased towards 10 and 12, but have some ch. 11 questions too. Concentrate on muscles on lab list of must knows (see web) 1. Functions of skeletal muscle: 2. Characteristics of the sarcomere: Z-line, Thick filaments, thin filaments 3. Describe the interaction between actin and myosin 4. Know the composition of the thin filaments (actin, troponin, tropomysosin, nebulin) 5. Be able to list the events in muscle contraction in order from action potential to release. 6. Define origin and insertion 7. Explain how and where neurotransmitters are released at the N.M.J. 8. Describe what occurs at the motor end plate 9. Know what neurotransmitter (acetocholine) is released at the neuromuscular junction 10.Define/Describe: epimysium, endomysium, perimysium, fascicle, motor unit, dermatome, Sketch the basic layout of a cross cut muscle. 11.Functions of smooth muscle 12.Explain oxygen debt. 13.Describe anaerobic glycolysis and effects on muscle (lactic acid) 14.Explain the function of creatine phosphate 15.Describe and compare isotonic and isometric contractions 16.Define twitch and tetanus 17.Explain what happens to calcium ion levels after muscle contraction 18.Know the origins and insertions of: pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, levator scapulae 19.Define synaptic cleft, synaptic knob and neuromuscular junction 20.Know the functions of troponin and tropomyosin 21.Know what cross bridges are 22.Define sarcomere, sarcoplasmic reticulum, sarcoplasm, and sarcolemma 23.Describe the differences between “typical” cells and muscle fibers 24.Be able to identify parts on a diagram of a skeletal muscle fiber 25.Know types and functions of types of muscles: parallel, convergent, circular, pennate, bipennate 26.Define: agonist, levator, synergist, antagonist, prime mover 27.Understand how muscles are named. 28.Know locations and functions of: orbicularis oris, tensor fasciae latae, gracilis, soleus, gastrocnemius, Sartorius, temporalis (epicranius), adductor longus, adductor magnus, sternocleidomastoid, external obliques, biceps femoris, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominus, trapezius, pectoralis major and minor, levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, hamstring group, triceps, deltoid, biceps brachii, pectoralis major and minor, quadriceps group, masseter 29.Define transversus, medialis, rectus, oblique, lateralis, superficialis 30.Functions of the nervous system 31.Divisions of the nervous system 32.General functions of neuroglia 33.Types of neuroglia, where they are found and their functions 34.Classes of neurons and where they are found: unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, anaxonic 35.Types of ion channels 36.All or None Principle 37.Steps of the generation of an action potential 38.Define hyperpolarization, depolarization and hypopolarization 39.Describe the action of the Sodium and Potassium pump 40.Describe how the resting membrane potential of a neuron is created 41.Know figure 12-10. What ion pumps require energy? Figure 12-9 42.Parts of a neuron – dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin, synapse. 43.Cholinergic and Adrenergic Synapses 44.Define neuroeffector junction 45.Properties of Cerebrospinal Fluid 46.Afferent/Efferent Division of PNS 47.Describe IPSPs and EPSPs (inhibitory and excitory post synaptic potentials) and their role in summation and threshhold. 48.Functions of the following neurotransmitters in the brain: dopamine, serotonin, endorphin, enkephalin, epinephrine, norepinephrin, GABA, dynorphin, endomorphin. 49.Label a diagram of an Action Potential

Essay questions for 3rd exam: Choose one of the following (20 pts)

1) Describe the action of the cross-bridge cycle model of muscle contraction from depolarization at the neuromuscular junction to the sliding of actin and myosin filaments. Please include the proteins involved and the roles of ATP and ADP in the process.

2) Describe how a stimulus can be inhibitory or excitory in terms of neurotransmitter and/or the spatial or temporal summation of graded potential. Explain how this may be used in a particular response. Highlight at least one example.