1. A) Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet

Pg 295 questions 1-17

1. a) Infrared, visible, ultraviolet

b) Infrared is important in heating the atmosphere, visible provides energy for photosynthesis, UV essential to vitamin D production.

2. The wavelength is inversely proportional to its energy. The shorter the wavelength the higher the energy.

3. Spectrum implies a range. Each type of electromagnetic radiation covers a specific range of frequencies and wavelength.

4. It would not be visible to the human eye but could be used as an x-ray machine. However, exposure to X-rays is harmful over time.

5. Visible light interacts with the chlorophyll molecules in green plants.

6. UV has sufficient energy to break single covalent bonds, which can kill bacteria and viruses.

7. High-energy solar radiation penetrates the atmosphere (UV and visible), but low-energy infrared is trapped.

8. Stratosphere contains the ultraviolet-absorbing ozone that protects organisms. It also serves as a barrier that prevents the escape of molecules from the troposphere. 9. a) beach sand heats up faster during the day and cools off faster at night. b) The heat capacity of water is much greater than that of beach sand.

10. The color white reflects all frequencies of visible light, colored materials absorb some of the frequencies which is converted into thermal energy.

11. Carbon dioxide and water trap lower energy infrared radiation that is re- emitted by Earth. This is called the greenhouse effect. As a result, the Earth’s average temperature is maintained at a higher level than would be the case without this insulating blanket.

12. Burning fossil fuels and removing green plants from the surface of Earth increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Burning appears to be the major factor.

13. a) An increase in the concentrations of carbon dioxide and water would result in a higher average surface temperature. b) A decrease in the concentrations of carbon dioxide and water would result in a lower average temperature.

14. A greenhouse allows light to enter but reflects infrared ( heat) radiation from the materials inside the greenhouse. The wood walls block most incoming radiation and as a result no heating can occur.

15. It would cause an increase in the surface temperature of Earth. This could cause carbon dioxide stored in ice, water, and the frozen floors of the northern forests to be released, thus increasing the amount of gases in the atmosphere. The result could be an even greater increase in the surface temperature. 16. The amount of methane in the atmosphere is increased by the decomposition of plants and animal wastes, the refining of fossil fuels, and the raising of livestock.

17. 18. Skip 19. Dark lenses that do not filter UV light can be dangerous. The dark filter causes the iris to open wide, allowing harmful UV light to enter. 20. The moon has no atmosphere, so there would be no absorption or reflection of any of the radiation.