Toward Revolution

TOWARD REVOLUTION

The Roots of Conflict - Under ______, Prime Minister William Pitt decided to crack down on the colonies because he felt they were drifting too far away from England - Policy of ______had created de facto economic independence - "______" worried Parliament about future inability to control colonies - ______(The French and Indian War) (1756-1763) - One of four territorial struggles which took place between 1689 and 1763 between the French (Catholic) and British (Protestant) - Extremely expensive for the British government - British gained control over all French territory east of the Mississippi River - Economic prosperity during war (colonists supplied army’s needs) became an economic downturn after the war (40,000 troops leave)

British Acts of Parliament - ______- All land west of the Appalachians was reserved for Native Americans and closed to the colonists - Colonists felt betrayed after fighting for Britain in the Seven Years War and many simply ignored it, thus creating conflict with Native Americans - ______(1764) - Taxed molasses, sugar, and coffee imported to the colonies - Increased prices in the colonies and profits for Britain - Some colonists began to organize resistance - ______(1765) - ______for British troops stationed in the colonies to enforce previous acts; items sold in the colonies had to carry the tax collector's stamp in order to be sold - Colonists responded with outrage, riots, and violence, ultimately forcing its repeal - Turned many more colonists against the British - Led to the call of "______" - John Adams, in the Boston Gazette, wrote, "We won't be their Negroes. Providence has never intended American colonists for Negroes...and therefore never intended us for slaves...I say we are as handsome as old English folk, and so should be free." - ______(1765) - Required colonists ______and supplies to British soldiers - Colonists refused to pay for supplies and soldiers forced their way into colonists' homes - Colonists complained that it ______- ______(1766) - Repealed the Stamp Act but asserted Parliament's right to tax the colonies at their discretion - ______(1770) - Confrontation between tax collectors and colonists leads to increased troop presence - In the north, white servants and black slaves often protested together, something that frightened the northern political elites like John Adams - March 5th: An ______of colonists taunting British troops results in British firing into colonists - Five colonists were killed, including a mulatto sailor named ______- Crispus Attucks ran away from slavery in Boston in 1750 - According to witnesses, Attucks was at the front of the crowd assailing the troops - Attucks was the first in the crowd to die at the hands of the British, and thus was the ______; he was buried with honors in Boston and is listed among the five martyrs in Paul Revere's engraving of the massacre that served as propaganda across the colonies - One of the victims, Patrick Carr, told his doctor before he died that the soldiers fired in self defense - John Adams defended the troops, saying all men deserve a defense; two were eventually convicted of manslaughter - Samuel Adams and the ______used the incident to stir up further resistance - ______(1773) - Passed to save the British East India Company from bankruptcy by guaranteeing them a monopoly over the colonial tea trade - ______, but colonists complained that they lost their freedom of choice - Colonists responded with the Boston Tea Party, dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor - ______(1774) - Closed the Port of Boston and put Boston under martial law in response to the Tea Party - More troops sent to the colonies to maintain order - Colonists felt that their self government and economic well being were in jeopardy

Colonial Responses - The Colonial Anti-Slavery Movement (1760s-1780s) - ______- In 1764 James Otis condemned slavery as "the most shocking violation of the law of nature" - 1773: ______published African Slavery in America condemning slavery - Between 1770 and 1780 thirty slaves in Massachusetts successfully petitioned the courts for their ______- ______(1772-1774) - Shadow governments and organizations formed by colonial leaders to help improve communication and coordination between the different colonies - Developed unified colonial resistance to British policies - ______(1774) - Meeting of prominent American social and political leaders - Agreed to halt all colonial trade with Britain and meet again in a year - ______(1775) - British troops march through New England to quell resistors - Minutemen meet them at Lexington and the "______" begins the American Revolution - ______(1776) - Thomas Paine publishes a pamphlet which explains simple arguments against British rule of the colonies - 75% of colonists are believed to have read it - ______(1775-1781) - Second meeting of temporary colonial government - Sent the ______to George III, but it was ignored - Agreed to issue ______- Organized the war effort during the American Revolution

The Paradox of Slavery and Freedom - ______- ______- ______- ______