Land Use Indicators in Life Cycle Assessment a Case Study on Beer Production

ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

LAND USE IN LCA

Land use indicators in life cycle assessment – a case study on beer production

Tuomas Mattila • Tuomas Helin • Riina Antikainen

Received: 19 May 2011 / Accepted: 11 November 2011 © Springer-Verlag 2011-11-11

Responsible editor: Llorenc Milà i Canals

Tuomas Mattila • Riina Antikainen Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, P.O. Box 140, 00251 Helsinki, Finland

Tuomas Helin () VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Sustainability Assessment, Tekniikantie 2, Espoo, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland e-mail: [email protected]

() Corresponding author: Tuomas Helin Tel. +358 40 827 8355 e-mail: [email protected]

Table SI1 Life cycle inventory data sources for the processes included in the study Process Data source Data source description for primary data/process name EcoSpold in Ecoinvent 2.2 database for the secondary data Index number (Ecoinv.) Barley cultivation Finland Primary FAOSTAT (2010). Mäkinen et al. (2006) 2006 Diesel refining Ecoinvent Diesel, at refinery, RER 1,541 Electricity production Ecoinvent Supply mix, electricity, low voltage, at grid, FI 763 N Fertilizer production Ecoinvent Ammonium nitrate, as N, at regional storehouse, RER 40 Chalk production Ecoinvent Lime, from carbonation, at regional storehouse, CH 47 Pesticide production Ecoinvent Glyphosate, at regional storehouse, RER 98 Transportation, road, 40 t Ecoinvent Transport, lorry >32 t, EURO4, RER [t km] 7,307 Barley transport to brewery Primary Distance estimated Malting and brewing Primary Carlsberg Breweries Environmental Report (2003 and 2004). Process heat production Primary Estimated to be light fuel oil Water supply Ecoinvent Production, tap water, at user, RER 2,288 Mash processing Ecoinvent Feed, barley IP, at feed mill, CH 22 Soybean meal Ecoinvent Soybean meal, at oil mill, BR 6,666 Hops production Ecoinvent Rape seed, extensive at farm 220 Waste water treatment Ecoinvent Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 1, 2,275 CH Glass bottle production Ecoinvent Packaging glass, brown, at plant, RER 820 Transportation, road, lorry, 9 t Ecoinvent Transport, lorry 7.5–16 t, EURO4, RER 7,301 Beer transportation from Primary Distance estimated brewery to restaurant Serving of beer and wine Primary Estimated storage time of beer and wine in restaurant was 20 days. Assumed that 1% of glasses would be broken during serving. Drinking glass production Ecoinvent Packaging glass, white, at plant, RER 828 Washing of glasses Secondary A+ energy criteria for washing machines. Refrigerator Secondary A+ energy criteria for refrigerators. Wine production, Spain Secondary Gazulla et al. (2010) Wine transportation to Primary Distance estimated restaurant P Fertilizer production Ecoinvent Ammonium nitrate phosphate, as P2O5, at regional 39 storehouse, RER Agricultural machinery Ecoinvent Agricultural machinery, general, production, CH 32 Tractor production Ecoinvent Tractor, production, CH 36 Combine harvester production Ecoinvent Harvester, production, CH 34 Ethanol fermentation plant Ecoinvent Ethanol fermentation plant, CH 6,227 manufacture Multiplied by a factor of two in order to correct for a more suitable level of yield for this case