DNA Structure & Replication (CH 11)

CONCEPTS: DNA Structure & Replication (CH 11) & Cellular Reproduction (CH 9)

CH 11 Section 1:

A. Describe Griffith's experiments and conclusion. o Draw a picture/cartoon explaining Griffith’s experiment. o Summarize the results of Griffith’s experiment. B. Describe Avery's experiments and conclusion. o Draw a picture/cartoon explaining Avery’s experiment. o Summarize the results of Avery’s experiment. C. Explain how experiments with viral DNA further supported Avery's conclusion. o Draw a virus: . Label the protein coat & DNA

Vocabulary: create 5-7 word definitions for the vocabulary in this section: virus, bacteriophage

Summary: Write a summary statement explaining the significance of these experiments. (Why these experiments were important.)

CH 11 Section 2:

D. Identify the building blocks of DNA. o Draw a the 4 types of nucleotides . Label the Deoxyribose(sugar), phosphate, & nitrogen base . Circle the pyrimidines . Place a square/box around the purines E. Describe DNA's structure and the rules for base pairing in DNA. o Draw a strand of DNA in the form a ladder. . Labeling the parts of the nucleotides. o Draw this in the twisted shape known as a Double Helix. o Explain the concept of “complimentary base pairing.: o If the DNA strand is of the following sequence: . GTCATCATTGCAAGTC . Write the complimentary strand sequence.

Vocabulary: create 5-7 word definitions for the vocabulary in this section: deoxyribosenucleic acid, nucleotide, nitrogenous base, pyrimidine, purine, double helix

Summary: Write in paragraph form a description of the structure of DNA. Include as many of the following terms as possible: deoxyribosenucleic acid, nucleotide, nitrogenous base, pyrimidine, purine, double helix. CH 11 Section 3:

F. Explain how the template mechanism is important in DNA replication. o Why is it important to have a template (original strand) to start from when building a strand of DNA? o Describe the process of DNA replication. G. What is DNA polymerase? o What is its function? H. When does DNA replication take place?

Vocabulary: create 5-7 word definitions for the vocabulary in this section: DNA replication, DNA polymerase

Summary: Write a paragraph summarizing the DNA replication process and why the template strand and complimentary base pairing are so vital to this process.

CH 9 Section 1

I. Describe how cell reproduction contributes to repair and to growth. o Give two examples of cell reproduction helping to repair an organism. o Give two examples of cell reproduction producing growth of an organism. J. Contrast the two main ways that organisms reproduce. o Create a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting asexual and sexual reproduction o Why does two types of cellular reproduction exist? Why wouldn’t one be enough? K. Explain how cell reproduction also contributes to the growth of a species.

Vocabulary: create 5-7 word definitions for the vocabulary in this section:

Summary: Write a paragraph summarizing the two types of cellular reproduction and WHY two types exist. CH 9 Section 2

L. Describe the structure of a chromosome. o Draw a picture of each of the following: . Chromatin . Chromosome (single) . Chromosome (replicated/double) . Label: sister chromatid, centromere M. Name the stages of the cell cycle and explain what happens during each stage. o Create a table that lists the stages of the cell cycle and summarizes the major events of each stage. . Interphase, G1, Synthesis, G2, Mitotic, Cytokinesis o If you start the cell cycle with one cell, how many will you have at the end of the cycle?

Vocabulary: create 5-7 word definitions for the vocabulary in this section: chromatin, chromosomes, sister chromatid, centromere, cell cycle, interphase, mitotic phase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Summary: Write a paragraph summarizing the cell cycle, including how DNA changes throughout the process.

CH 9 Section 3:

N. Summarize the major events that occur during each phase of mitosis. o Create a table listing the four stages of mitosis and the major events of each stage. Include an additional column that has a drawing of what the cell looks like during that phase. o Which organelle helps produce a spindle? o What is the function of the spindle? o How are cells produced from mitosis similar and different from the parent cell? . Create a Venn Diagram to show these similarities and differences. O. Explain how cytokinesis differs in plant and animal cells. o What is the purpose of cytokinesis? o Draw a picture of an animal cell compared to a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis.

Vocabulary: create 5-7 word definitions for the vocabulary in this section: spindle, centrosome, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cell plate. Summary: Write a paragraph that summarizes the overall events of mitosis and cytokinesis. Identify this as a type of asexual or sexual reproduction and give an example of when this type of cellular reproduction might occur.

CH 9 Section 4:

P. Compare benign and malignant tumors. o Create a Venn diagram comparing and contrasting the two types of tumors. Q. Explain how cancer treatments can work at the cellular level. o What is the purpose of the different treatments? Create a table to display this information.

Vocabulary: Write 5-7 word definitions for the vocablulary in this section: benign tumor, malignant tumor, cancer, metastasis.

Summary: Write a paragraph that explains how understanding the cell cycle allows you a better understanding of both cancer and cancer treatments.