TRA E-Learning Library 5

Live classroom and online training from the world’s leading telecommunications training company.

TRA www.TRA.com P.O. Box A [email protected] 505 W. Bertrand Ave. 1-800-872-4736 St. Marys, KS 66536-0016 1-785-437-2000 TRA e-Learning Library...... 5 Network Fundamentals Curriculum...... 6 Understanding Voice Communications: a Technical Introduction™...... 7 Springfield: An Introduction to Telecommunications™...... 8 Understanding the Basics of Home Office Networking™...... 9 Understanding the Basics of SS7 and Network Control™...... 10 Understanding the Basics of Data Communications™...... 11 Understanding Access Technologies: An Overview™...... 12 Understanding Basic WAN Technologies and Services™...... 13 Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications™...... 14 Understanding Radio Fundamentals™...... 15 Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul™...... 16 Core Networks Curriculum...... 17 Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VoIP™...... 18 Understanding ISDN™...... 19 Understanding Quality of Service™...... 20 Understanding Transmission in Telecommunications Networks™...... 21 Understanding WAN Core Technologies™...... 22 Understanding Softswitch Architecture and Evolution™...... 23 Broadband Networks Curriculum...... 24 Understanding the Basics of Video Broadcasting™...... 25 Understanding DSL™...... 26 Understanding Frame Relay™...... 27 Understanding Public Ethernet™...... 28 Understanding Optical Networks™...... 29 Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies™...... 30 Understanding the Basics of SONET™...... 31 Understanding Access Technologies™...... 32 Understanding ATM™...... 33 Understanding Advanced ATM™...... 34 Understanding MPLS VPNs™...... 35 Understanding the Basics of IPTV™...... 36 Wireless Networks Curriculum...... 37 Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul™...... 38 Understanding CDMA™...... 39 Understanding 802.11 Protocols and Procedures™...... 40 Understanding GPRS™...... 41 Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™...... 42 Understanding IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for All-IP Networks™...... 43 Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless™...... 44 Understanding Mobile Internet Access™...... 45 Understanding GSM™...... 46 Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure™...... 47 Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies™...... 48 Understanding UMTS™...... 49 Understanding CDMA2000® and High-Speed Mobile Internet™...... 50 Understanding WiMAX™...... 51 Understanding LTE and SAE™...... 52 Understanding Converged Communication™...... 53 IP Networks Curriculum...... 54 Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry™...... 55 Understanding IP Telephony Signaling™...... 56 Understanding Voice over IP™...... 57 Understanding SIP™...... 58 Understanding Home Networking™...... 59 Understanding IP Networking and VPNs™...... 60 Understanding Network Security™...... 61 Understanding IP Routing Protocols...... 62 Understanding IP Access and Backbone™...... 63 Understanding TCP/IP™...... 64 Understanding IPv6™...... 65 Understanding Emerging IP Technologies™...... 66 Emerging Technologies Curriculum...... 67 Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies™...... 68 Understanding Emerging IP Technologies™...... 69 Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™...... 70 Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless™...... 71 2 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry™...... 72 Understanding Cloud Computing™...... 73 Instructor Led Training...... 74 Network Fundamentals Curriculum...... 75 Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks™...... 76 Understanding the Basics of Data Communications™...... 77 Understanding Voice Communications: A Technical Introduction™...... 78 Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications™...... 79 Understanding the Basics of Voice, Data, and Wireless Networks™...... 80 Core Networks Curriculum...... 81 Understanding Quality of Service (QoS) ™...... 82 Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VOIP™...... 83 Understanding Carrier Network Evolution™...... 84 Understanding the Basics of Long Distance Service™...... 85 Understanding Communications Convergence™...... 86 Understanding Voice over IP™...... 87 Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks™...... 88 Wireless Networks Curriculum...... 89 Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™...... 90 Understanding 802.11 Wireless LANs Protocols and Procedures™...... 91 Understanding 802 Wireless Standards™...... 92 Understanding CDMA™...... 93 Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies™...... 94 Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure™...... 95 Understanding GSM™...... 96 Understanding GPRS and its Evolution to UMTS™...... 97 Understanding UMTS™...... 98 Understanding LTE and SAE™...... 99 Understanding WiMAX / IEEE 802.16™...... 101 Understanding UMTS and CDMA2000 Evolution to HSPA, HSPA+, and LTE™...... 102 Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE) ™...... 103 Understanding Fundamental of Radio: Analysis, Design and Propagation™...... 104 Understanding Satellite Communications: Earth Station Design and Analysis™...... 105 IP Networks Curriculum...... 106 Understanding IPv6™...... 107 Understanding TCP/IP™...... 108 Understanding Network Security™...... 109 Understanding IP Networking and VPNs™...... 110 Understanding MPLS VPNs™...... 111 Understanding SIP™...... 112 Broadband Networks Curriculum...... 113 Understanding Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) ™...... 114 Understanding Public Ethernet™...... 115 Understanding Digital Subscriber Lines™...... 116 Understanding Optical Networks™...... 117 Understanding the Basics of SONET and Optical Networking™...... 118 Understanding Advanced SONET/SDH™...... 119 Understanding the Basics of Broadcast Video Technology™...... 120 Understanding ATM™...... 121 Understanding Advanced ATM™...... 122 Understanding Multiprotocol Label Switching™...... 123 Understanding Voice over ATM™...... 124 Emerging Technologies Curriculum...... 125 Understanding Emerging Technologies™...... 126 Understanding Public Ethernet™...... 127 Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™...... 128 Understanding IPv6™...... 129 Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE) ™...... 130

Customers require the best communications information available in order to make vital decisions for tomorrow - new technologies, products and services must pay off immediately. TRA specializes in communications and networking knowledge-based training. To each of our courses, we bring the latest information available on communications and networking technologies.

Practical Knowledge

TRA's best-of-the-industry subject matter experts develop and teach TRA's distinguished courses. Each of our experts has practical experience averaging over twenty years in the design, development, implementation and evaluation of real- world applications and networks. Our instructors / SME's were instrumental in the development of the telecommunications and/or networking technologies they teach and support; many hold patents. As a whole, they are distinctively expert in a wide range of technology topics, including voice, data and video services delivered over wired, wireless or fiber networks, protocols; signaling over traditional and emerging networks; Quality of Service and Service Level Agreements; interworking across emerging networks and with PSTN, as well as topics of recent high interest including IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), Broadband Wireless (WiMAX, 1xEV-DO), IPv6, SIP, Ethernet in Public Networks, Optical Transport Networks, LTE , 3G and 4G technologies, Wireless Backhaul, and Security. Each instructor excels in simplifying complex communications technologies into understandable and retainable knowledge units. They continually research their specific area of expertise, and apply newly discovered information to TRA's best-in-class courses. TRA SME's frequently consult and/or teach for Fortune 500 companies, government agencies, service providers and equipment manufacturers. TRA's instructor's practical experience in the classroom allows students to acquire and retain more focused content knowledge that directly applies to the industry.

Best-in-Class Content

TRA Instructor- led courses are renowned for setting the industry standard and provide outstanding value. Our e-Topics are full of tightly focused technology content. Students experience hundreds of full-color custom graphics comprised of clearly defined images that explain complex relationships and technologies. TRA e-Topics are designed to support and interrelate with each other so students can build their knowledge level and career path from one e-Topic to the next. We are known for our custom blended learning approaches in delivery of our training solutions. TRA delivers Instructor-Led Training onsite at selected or corporate locations. TRA offers state-of-the-art e-Learning (available as CD-based or web- based), virtual classroom sessions, targeted assessments, instructor-led, or a combination of these. TRA training options allows for the provision of learning solutions that target specific training needs while accommodating diverse schedules and delivery requirements.

Keeping Pace with Change

In similar fashion to technological changes, TRA's training content is an evolution. TRA's courses are reviewed annually to determine whether significant technology changes occurred that would affect our corresponding instructor-led training (ILT) content, and if so, the ILT and e-Learning training (ELT) content are refreshed to realign. The diversity of TRA's customers enables us to continually evolve our content in both ILT and ELT formats and continuous development of best practices based on practical real-world experience.

What's NEW for 2012?

TRA is currently developing new content for both instructor-led and e-Learning courses for 2012. Below is a listing of courses that are currently under development for 2012. e-Learning currently being developed for 2012

Understanding Cloud Computing Understanding Smart Grid: Transmission and Distribution Networks Understanding Smart Grid: Distributed Energy Resources and the Customer Interface Understanding Mobile Security Understanding Cyber Security Understanding VDSL2 Understanding LTE Advanced

Understanding Cloud Computing Understanding LTE for Public Safety

Understanding Smart Grid Understanding Wireless Backhaul

Understanding LTE Advanced

TRA continued our "keeping pace with change" client commitment in 2010 by providing new courses, both instructor - led and e-Learning, on new technologies.

New e-Learning for 2011

WIR341: UMTS Evolution to HSPA and HSPA+ NET206: Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the OPT120: Basics of Passive Optical Networks Telecommunications Industry - Part 2 OPT221: Understanding Next Generation PONs WIR195: Understanding Backhaul Media WIR339: LTE Handover to 1xEV-DO WIR197: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul WIR145: Cellular Evolution from 3G to 4G: A Broad WIR191: Understanding Wireless Backhaul Overview NET171: Introduction to Cloud Computing WIR196: Understanding Synchronization for Wireless NET172: Cloud Computing Architectures Backhaul WIR198: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul: Technical WIR334: LTE and EPC Message Flows for Handover from Overview LTE to 3G UMTS WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA for LTE, WiMAX, NET205: Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the and Wi-Fi Telecommunications Industry - Part 1

Also new in 2011 were the following instructor-led courses.

Understanding Carrier Network Evolution Understanding LTE and SAE Understanding Communications Convergence Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE) Understanding IPv6 Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks Understanding WiMAX / IEEE 802.16 Understanding 802 Wireless Standards Understanding Public Ethernet

In addition, the following table highlights 2010 released e-Learning courses.

Understanding Communication Convergence Understanding Basics of Broadcast Video Technology Understanding 3G Evolution to HSPA and LTE Understanding Wireless Network and Service Infrastructure Understanding Cellular and IEEE 802 Wireless Access Technologies Understanding Network Transport Technologies and Understanding the Fundamentals of Radio: Analysis, Design and Services Propagation Understanding 3G and 4G Radio Technologies Understanding IPv6 Understanding LTE: The UMTS Long Term Evolution Understanding LTE: Applications and Standards Understanding LTE: Design and Deployment Understanding LTE - 4 day Workshop Understanding WiMAX - 4 day Workshop Understanding Satellite Communications: Earth Station Design and Understanding CDMA2000 Evolution to HSPA and LTE Analysis Understanding 802.11 ( Wi-Fi) Deployment

Curriculum

All courses are offered through TRA's custom Curricula. Individual curriculums include: Network Fundamentals, Core

5 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Networks, Wireless Networks, Broadband Networks, IP Networks, Converged Networks and Emerging Technologies. Courses within the Network Fundamentals Curriculum are foundational courses within the other Curriculums. Courses within the Core Network Curriculum represent technologies found within traditional communications networks. Wireless, Broadband, and IP Networks courses explain technologies and networks that enhance, augment, or overlay traditional communications networks. The Converged Networks Curriculum presents the technologies that support the delivery of voice, data, and video services. With technologies constantly changing, the best of the most current updates are presented in TRA's Emerging Technologies Curriculum.

Summary

TRA's variety of delivery formats, along with hundreds of technology content titles, means easy access to best-in-class training that matches your learning needs. If you don't find what you're looking for, just ask your TRA representative.

Easy to access and less expensive than traditional classroom learning, TRA's e-Learning Library is like having a virtual campus on the desktop! Students can eliminate travel, schedule study time whenever it's most convenient, and progress at their own pace - reviewing or accelerating through material as desired, making it one of the most efficient ways to stay current on the leading-edge competencies in the students' career area.

Developed and produced by TRA's renowned communications experts, each e-Topic focuses on a single technology/concept and is inspiring, pleasantly engaging, interactive, and media rich comprised of audio, pictures, graphics, animations, course slides with full lecture transcript, and an electronic glossary with in-depth explanations so students retain more. TRA's e-Learning typically corresponds to the content in TRA's popular instructor- led (ILT) courses. Many students find taking a corresponding e-Topic or e- Digest to be a good way to prepare for an upcoming instructor- led class or to follow-up after attending a class.

TRA's e-Topics were designed for students who have an understanding of what they are looking for, and want the latest details now - quick and easy. Each e-Topic is concise, to the point, just the right depth, and available anywhere. Students learn at their own pace and location. TRA offers over 220 e-Topics.

TRA's e-Digest were designed for students who would like a more comprehensive training package including all of the e-Topics that are directly related and interdependent. Offering a more formalized approach to e-Learning, each fully integrated e-Digest steps students through the various topics in a highly organized manner. Students are guided through the inter-relationships of technologies, network elements, applications, issues and resolutions. Students can easily perform look-backs and look-forwards through course content using easy-to-use, built-in indexing.

TRA's e-Topics are packaged into our e-Digest, over 50 to choose from. Companies can purchase e-Topics separately or in pre- defined packages of e-Digests. For even more comprehensive packages, companies can purchase pre-defined packages of e- Digests, known as e-Curricula, including Network Fundamentals, Wireless Networks, Broadband Networks, IP Networks, Core Networks, or Emerging Technologies. For access to any and all of the above, companies may purchase the entire e-Topic Family Library, which contains all of TRA's e-Learning courses.

Network Fundamentals Curriculum Overview TRA's Network Fundamentals courses provide an introduction to a broad set of communications and networking topics relative to voice, data and video movement over wired, wireless or fiber networks. Courses found within this curriculum serve as pre-requisites for more advanced courses found within other TRA's Curricula and therefore may also be found within their respective technology-specific curriculum. Fundamentals courses are well suited for new members to the industry or those wanting to brush up "on the basics".

Network Fundamentals Curriculum e-Digests Understanding Voice Communications: a Technical Introduction Springfield: An Introduction to Telecommunications Understanding the Basics of Home Office Networking Understanding the Basics of SS7 and Network Control Understanding the Basics of Data Communications Understanding Access Technologies: An Overview Understanding Basic WAN Technologies and Services Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications Understanding Radio Fundamentals Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul

8 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding Voice Communications: a Technical Introduction™ Estimated Learning Time 15 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: TEL210

Description This set of e-Topics provides an overview of voice communications, examining the core technologies making voice transmission possible while providing an industry context. The courses explain how voice networks operate, the evolution from analog to digital, and the transition from circuit to packet. Current industry structure, market motivations, and services typically offered are discussed. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals new to the industry who The following has corresponding information: wish to understand the fundamentals of switching, signaling  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications or transmission. This course will enhance students' ability to Networks explain difficulty concepts and identify and compare Expected Outcomes competitive technologies. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand the fundamentals of switching, Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: There are no transmission and signaling prerequisites for this title.  Identify the major components of telephony networks  Identify and compare competitive technologies e-Digest Outline TEL111: Telephony Network Basics TEL213: Switching  Key Components of a Telecommunications Network  Switching System Types  Numbering Plans  Hierarchies and Routing  Industry Structure  Switching Technologies  Network Services TEL214: Network Control TEL121: Speech Coding  Signaling Overview  Analog vs. Digital  User-to-Network  Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)  Network-to-Network  Quantization  Private Network  A-Law and Mu-Law  Speech Compression  DPCM and Adaptive DPCM  Linear Predictive Coders  Hybrid Coders TEL122: Digital Transmission Hierarchies  TDM and T1 Carrier  Frame Formats  North American Digital Hierarchy  Line Coding  European Digital Hierarchy  Timing and Synchronization  SONET/SDH

9 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Springfield: An Introduction to Telecommunications™ Estimated Learning Time 5 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: TEL101

Description This set of e-Topics provides an overview of the technologies and capabilities of services offered in today's networks. Course content introduces the telecommunications industry and its infrastructure. Topics include the basics of telephony, including lines, trunks, and switches as well as fundamentals of call routing, transmission systems, and network control. Students taking these courses will also learn how a customer's telecommunications infrastructure is implemented. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students looking for a solid foundation of the technologies There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. and services offered in today's telecommunications Expected Outcomes networks. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand the fundamentals of wireline and Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: There are no wireless networks for both voice and data prerequisites for this title. applications  Explain the basic components and operation of the telecom network  Use the language of the telecom industry to explain key concepts  Describe the roles of switching, transmission, and signaling in providing telecom services  Differentiate between the services offered by different types of service providers e-Digest Outline TEL102: Introduction to Telecommunications Switching Introduction to Transmission Systems continued  Making a Local Call  Access with a Cable Network  Making a Call through a DLCS  Access with Wireless Systems  Making a Call Between Two Switches  Using SONET in a Backbone  A Tandem Switched Network  Unit Summary  Bypassing a Tandem Switch TEL104: Introduction to Network Control  Calling Outside the Network  Network Signaling for a Local Call  Alternative Routing  Network Signaling through a PBX TEL103: Introduction to Transmission Systems  Making a Long Distance Call  What is a Facility?  SS7 and Local Number Portability  Analog and Digital Signals TEL105: Basics of Small Office Home Office (SOHO)  Handling Multiple Calls Networking  Access with the Digital Hierarchy  Voice and Data for a Small Office  Access with ISDN  Voice for Business Settings  Access with DSL  Data for Large Businesses  Using the Internet for Voice  Unit Summary

10 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding the Basics of Home Office Networking™ Estimated Learning Time 5 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: BCN110

Description This set of e-Topics will introduce a student to residential communications and highlight the variety of the technologies consumers use for in home networking. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students needing to understand the basic options and There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. considerations for establishing a home network and its Expected Outcomes connection to WAN. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Describe the alternative Business and Residential Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: WAN access technologies  TEL101: Springfield: An Introduction to  Understand the basic voice and data network Telecommunications alternatives of the Small Office/Home Office  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Describe the architecture and challenges of Voice Communications over Internet Protocol e-Digest Outline WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless CAT102: Alternative Access Technologies  IEEE 802 Series of Wireless  Digital Subscriber Line Option o Overview of the IEEE 802 Standards  Cable Architecture for Voice, Data, and Video o Wireless Market Opportunities Services o Licensed and Unlicensed Frequency Bands  Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks  Interworking Among IEEE 802 Wireless Standards  802.16 WiMAX Technology o Coexistence  Broadband over Powerlines o IEEE 802 Working Group Activity VOP219: Residential VoIP o 802.21 Handoff Working Group  Residential VoIP Services DAT105: Business and Residential Access to WANs  VoIP Challenges and Hurdles  Business/Residential Access to WANs  Access with DSL  Access with a Cable Network  Access with Wireless Systems  Access with Dial-Up  Access with ISDN TEL105: Basics of Small Office Home Office (SOHO) Networking  1: Voice and Data for a Small Office  2: Voice for Business Settings  3: Data for Large Businesses  4: Using the Internet for Voice  Unit Summary

11 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding the Basics of SS7 and Network Control™ Estimated Learning Time 7 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: SIG110

Description This set of e-Topics is designed to provide a student an overview of signaling, its evolution, and the core signaling technologies making voice transmission possible. The courses explain how signaling is provided from a user to the network and from network to network. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunication professionals with a desire to There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. understand the basics of SS7 and network control. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Describe the architecture of the SS7 network  TEL101: Springfield: An Introduction to  Discuss how SS7 supports call control and network Telecommunications bases services  Differentiate the role of User-to-Network signaling versus Network-to-Network signaling e-Digest Outline SIG211: SS7 Basics  Signaling Evolution  Network Architecture  Applications TEL214: Network Control  Signaling Overview  User-to-Network  Network-to-Network  Private Network

12 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding the Basics of Data Communications™ Estimated Learning Time 13 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: DAT110

Description This set of e-Topics is designed to provide the foundational knowledge required for understanding modern data networks. Introductory information is provided, including technology definitions, so students with little or no technical knowledge will easily understand data networking. In addition, the historical perspective necessary to understand how and why a technology evolved to its present rate of acceptance is also provided. This set of courses serves as a foundation for subsequent courses that explore more complex subjects relevant to data networking. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Marketing or executive groups desiring more familiarity with The following has corresponding information: data communications equipment or professionals new to  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data the telecommunications and/or networking fields who are Communications unfamiliar with data communications equipment or data Expected Outcomes transmission systems. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Explain the industry's need for data networks, how Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: There are no they evolved, operate, and offer services prerequisites for this title.  Gain an understanding of modern techniques  Make useful assessments of the current status and identify probable future network composition e-Digest Outline DAT101: Basics of Data Concepts and Transmission DAT106: WAN Core Technologies  Data  Frame Relay Introduction  Data Transmission  Frame Relay Service Parameters  Data Network Concepts  Virtual Circuits  Bandwidth and Multiplexing  Congestion Management DAT102: Layered Protocols  ATM Introduction  TCP/IP and OSI Layering  ATM Deployment  Layers 1, 2, and 3  Cell Format DAT103: Characteristics of Packet Technology  SONET in a Backbone  Switches and Routers DAT107: Overview of the Enterprise Data Network  Connection-oriented and Connectionless  1970's: Mainframe Networks  Quality of Service (QoS)  1980's: PCs and LANs  Topologies of Packet Networks  1990's: Client/Server Architecture  Management of Packet Networks  1990's: IP Networks DAT104: Local Networks and LANs  802 Wired and Wireless Networks  Peripheral Interconnection NET101: Basics of the Internet and Internet Protocols  Local Area Networks and Components  TCP/IP Definitions  Switches and Routers  IP Addressing and Routing DAT105: Business and Residential Access to WANs  Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)  Business/Residential Access to WANs  User Datagram Protocol (UDP)  Access with DSL  Access with a Cable Network  Access with Wireless Systems  Access with Dial-Up  Access with ISDN

13 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding Access Technologies: An Overview™ Estimated Learning Time 3 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: CAT110

Description This set of e-Topics describes a range of traditional and emerging residential and business network access technologies. They also highlight emerging Fiber to the Premise (FTTP). e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals desiring to understand There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. the access technology alternatives deployed in our Expected Outcomes networks today. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Describe the wired access architectures of DSL, Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Cable architecture, Broadband over Powerline  TEL101: Springfield: An Introduction to  Describe the wireless access architectures of Wi-Fi Telecommunications and WiMAX  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Describe the BPON Fiber-to-the-Premises Communications architecture and future directions of PONs e-Digest Outline CAT102: Alternative Access Technologies  Digital Subscriber Line Option  Cable Architecture for Voice, Data, and Video Services  Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks  802.16 WiMAX Technology  Broadband over Powerlines NET160: Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)  FTTP Basics  FTTP Deployments  Future of FTTP

14 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding Basic WAN Technologies and Services™ Estimated Learning Time 6 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: NET300

Description This set of e-Topics provide a student an overview of the technologies and capabilities of services deployed in today's Wide Area Networks (WANs), specifically Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), Ethernet, and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who desire to understand the dominant technical There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. options for WANs and the services that they support. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: describe the basic architecture and service parameters of:  NET111: VPN Overview and Classification  Frame Relay  NET150: Understanding MPLS  Asynchronous Transfer Mode  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  SONET Communications  Ethernet  Multiprotocol Label Switching e-Digest Outline DAT106: WAN Core Technologies NET155: MPLS WANs  Frame Relay Introduction  Multiprotocol Label Switching Concepts  Frame Relay Service Parameters  Optical Networking  Virtual Circuits  Congestion Management  ATM Introduction  ATM Deployment  Cell Format  SONET in a Backbone NET311: Ethernet Evolution  Why Ethernet?  Rates and Functions  Competitors  Standards  Naming Conventions

15 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications™ Estimated Learning Time 8 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: WIR110

Description These e-Topics examine the current state of advanced digital wireless technologies including cellular radio and technologies provided through the 802 Wireless Standards to support mobility applications. Contents include an overview of the principles of radio and multiple access technologies such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Frequency reuse in cellular networks, cellular system architecture and operation, Third Generation (3G) cellular technologies, high-speed wireless data and Internet access, Broadband Wireless Access, Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access, WiMAX, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee Alliance® and others are explained. With users' expectations seemingly insatiable for mobile applications, newcomers to the field and experienced professionals will want to learn the broad perspectives of wireless contained within these courses. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Newcomers to the field and experienced professionals who The following has corresponding information: want to learn the broad perspectives of wireless  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless communications. Communications Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: There are no Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: prerequisites for this title.  Understand the principles of cellular radio  Appreciate the problems faced by cellular and other radio-based service providers and how to address  Compare and contrast the multiple IEEE 802 technologies with cellular technology  Discuss probable future directions e-Digest Outline WIR101: Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Energy and WIR103: Cellular Call Basics Radio Transmission  Basic Call Processing  Electromagnetic Energy  HLRs and VLRs  Interference  Authentication and Encryption  Basic Radio System  Detailed Call Scenario  Fundamentals of Radio Propagation WIR104: Cellular Access Technologies  Transmission Lines, Antennas and Signal  Multiple Access Propagation  TDMA WIR102: Cellular Radio Basics  GSM  Frequency Re-Use  CDMA  Cell Architecture WIR111: Introduction to 3G and Mobile Internet WIR281: Overview 802 Wireless  Packet Mode Services  Overview of the IEEE 802 Standards  Data Capabilities Before 3G  Interworking Among IEEE 802 Wireless Standards  What's Driving the Market?  3G Evolution Scenario  Challenges for 3G Mobile

Description This set of e-Topics introduces the student on how wireless service, at its most basic level, relies on the transmission and reception of signals by means of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves. In TRA’s e-Digest, Understanding Radio Fundamentals, students build a foundational understanding of RF wireless concepts and infrastructure. Among the many topics covered in this course are basic wireless terms, channel coding and modulation techniques, fundamentals of RF transmission and reception, access techniques, and an introduction to shared-spectrum protocols, including Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). We also expand on those concepts with a specific focus on fixed wireless issues, including system level planning, site planning, equipment installation, and proof-of-performance. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who need a baseline of wireless knowledge that is There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. crucial to anyone wanting to deepen their understanding of Expected Outcomes wireless technology, especially as it applies to fixed Upon completion of the course the student should be able wireless solutions. to: Prerequisites  Understand shared-spectrum protocols, including There are no prerequisites for this title. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) e-Digest Outline WIR131: An Introduction to Radio Fundamentals WIR137: Link Budget Analysis  Introduction to RF  Line of Sight (LOS) Link WIR132: Channel Coding and RF Modulation  Non-LOS Link Techniques WIR138: Installation and Proof of Performance  Channel Coding  Installation and Proof of Performance  RF Modulation WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA for LTE, WIR133: RF Transmission and Reception WiMAX, and Wi-Fi  Transmission Line Definitions  Why OFDM/OFDMA  Transmission Lines  Illustrating the Benefits of OFDM Multicarrier  Antennas  How the DFT/FFT make OFDM Implementable  RF Signal Propagation  What's Orthogonal about OFDM?  Key RF Parameters  Major Characteristics of OFDM and OFDMA as WIR134: Access Techniques used in LTE, Mobile WiMAX, and Wi-Fi  Fixed Wireless Systems  What's Different about OFDMA?  Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing  Multiple Access Techniques WIR135: Microwave Site Selection and Planning  Picking the Site  Link Reliability  Repeaters WIR136: Frequency Selection and RF Interference  The RF Problem  The RF Solution

17 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul™ Estimated Learning Time 10 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: WIR190

Description This e-Digest provides an overview of wireless backhaul and how it is evolving. It examines the current backhaul infrastructure, the key players who provide it and the technologies they use. A critical issue for backhaul is the physical media that is extended to the tower and we explore the relative capabilities, benefits and limitations of copper, microwave and fiber based backhaul. We also describe the use of Ethernet for traffic aggregation and the services and capabilities that have been defined to allow Ethernet to support traditional TDM as well as packet based services. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunication professionals looking for an overview of There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. the technologies involved with wireless backhaul. Expected Outcomes Suggested Prerequisites Upon completion of these course, students should be able Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: to:  TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a  Describe the current backhaul infrastructure Technical Introduction™  Describe Ethernet role in backhaul  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Explain the difference in backhaul media types Communications™ e-Digest Outline WIR194: Understanding the Basics of Wireless WIR197: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul Backhaul  Ethernet Lines, LANs and Trees  Industry Overview  Pseudowires and Circuit Emulation  Backhaul Evolution  Service Classes WIR195: Understanding Backhaul Media WIR198: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul: Technical  Copper Based Backhaul Overview  Microwave Based Backhaul  Overview  Fiber-Based Backhaul  Services and Service Classes WIR196: Understanding Synchronization  Bandwidth Management for Wireless Backhaul  TDM Support  Overview of Synchronization for Wireless Backhaul Synchronization for Wireless Backhaul  TDM and GPS  Synchronous Ethernet  IEEE 1588v2  Summary

Core Networks Curriculum Overview The worlds of voice communications and data communications have traditionally been very separate - different networks, different services, and different technologies. That is changing as voice and data converge at all levels. Today, networks are designed to carry voice, data and video media resulting in exciting new and innovative mixed media services. Critical to all of this are the underlying core technologies critical to the evolution and convergence of mixed media in communications networks. Providing a thorough coverage of switching and signaling technologies found within the core of carriers' networks, courses within this curriculum address signaling, backbone transport protocols, voice over circuit and ATM networks, Quality of Service, and how carrier networks are evolving. Students gain practical knowledge by taking the courses found within TRA's Core Networks curriculum. Courses found in other curricula augment and/or overlay on the networks explained in Core Networks' courses.

Core Networks Curriculum e-Digests Understanding Voice Communications: a Technical Introduction See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VoIP Understanding ISDN Understanding Quality of Service Understanding Transmission in Telecommunications Networks Understanding WAN Core Technologies Understanding Softswitch Architecture and Evolution

19 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VoIP™ Estimated Learning Time 13 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: SIG210

Description This set of e-Topics provides a detailed tutorial on SS7 describing its use, application within emerging networks, and support for new services. Even as wireless and VoIP networks evolve, SS7 and IN are expected to continue providing the foundation for new services within the traditional Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). This set of courses explains how SS7 is emerging as a common thread tying together different networks, enabling access to service logic and subscriber data, and providing consistent service to the end user. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunication professionals looking for a solid There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. understanding of the SS7 network and its protocols and Expected Outcomes how they are being used for emerging Wireless and IP Upon completion of these course, students should be able networks. to: Prerequisites  Describe the design of the SS7 network and Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: protocol  TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a  Describe how each SS7 protocol layer supports Technical Introduction services across different types networks  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Explain how SS7 controls and manages calls in a Communications circuit switched environment  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications e-Digest Outline SIG211: SS7 Basics SIG216: AIN Call Model, Messaging, and Triggers  Signaling Evolution  AIN Call Model  Network Architecture  AIN Messages and Triggers  Applications  Service Examples SIG212: Intelligent Network Architectural Overview SIG217: Alternative IN Models: ITU, Wireless, and VoIP  IN Definitions and Motivations  ITU Intelligent Networks  Advanced IN Architecture  Wireless IN  Services at a Glance  IN and VoIP SIG213: SS7 Protocols: MTP and ISUP  Protocol Architecture  Message Transfer Part  ISDN User Part SIG214: SS7 Protocols: SCCP and TCAP  SS7 Protocol: SCCP  Transaction Capabilities SIG215: SS7 for Wireless and Voice over IP  Mobile Applications Part  Wireless Roaming  Call Control for VoIP  Evolution of SS7 for VoIP

Description This set of e-Topics reviews the important underlying concepts and technologies that contribute to ISDN's versatility. Having the vision to provide a blueprint for end-to-end digital services based on the availability of digital transmission and CCS, the concept of ISDN was introduced in the late 1970s and deployment began in the mid-1980s. ISDN defines interfaces, services, digital access, and a sophisticated CCS protocol, so end-users can take advantage of the power of the network. Today, for most people, ISDN is primarily a method of gaining access to the network. This set of courses explains these and reviews the important underlying concepts and technologies contributing to ISDN's versatility. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students seeking network solutions for delivering voice, There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. data and video services on a single network. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Understand ISDN functionality  TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a  Identify ISDN-based applications Technical Introduction  Discuss the technical issues associated with  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data implementing ISDN-based applications Communications e-Digest Outline NET281: ISDN Definitions and Applications NET285: Layer 2 ISDN Standards  ISDN Interfaces and Applications  Q.921 LAPD  Traditional Applications and Services  Multilink PPP  Current Applications and Services  BONDING  Supplementals NET286: ISDN Physical Layer (Layer 1) Standards NET282: ISDN Standards Bodies  Basic Rate S/T Interface  ITU-T Structure  I.430 Basic Rate Interface NET283: ISDN Model and CPE  ANSI U BRI  ISDN Definitions  Carrier for ISDN PRI  ISDN Implementations NET284: ISDN Layer 3 Protocols  Q.931 and Q.932  Setting Up an ISDN Call  How to Invoke Services  What is SS7?  Why CCS?  Installation Requirements  What is X.25?  Supplementals

Description This set of e-Topics describes mechanisms for providing Quality of Service (QoS), including techniques for managing queues in network equipment. QoS capabilities of wired and wireless Ethernet, IP, ATM, and MPLS are explained in a clear and concise manner. With the ever increasing volumes of real-time traffic migrating to packet network, students won't want to miss understanding how the provision of QoS has become crucial to meeting the needs of customers, and how Service Level Agreements are increasingly incorporating stringent QoS specifications. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals looking for a solid There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. understanding of QoS mechanisms and the business goals Expected Outcomes for successful QoS deployments. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Provide good insight into industry changes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Describe the protocols that support real-time and  NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs non real-time network traffic  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Discuss the problems facing QoS environments Communications e-Digest Outline NET156: QoS Overview NET254: Enhanced IP QoS: IntServ and DiffServ  What Is QoS?  ISP Network Architecture NET157: QoS Concepts and Mechanisms  IntServ  Circuit and Packet QoS  DiffServ  QoS Mechanisms NET255: QoS Beyond IP: Frame Relay, ATM, and MPLS NET251: Active Queue Management for QoS  WAN Data Link Protocols  First In/Out Queue  ATM Protocol and QoS  Multi-Priority Queues  MPLS Protocol  Weighted Fair Queuing  Random Early Detection  Weighted RED  Bandwidth Management NET252: QoS using Application and Transport Layer Techniques  QOS Protocol Blueprint  Layer 4 Port Numbers  TCP QoS Controls  UDP QoS Controls  RTP / RTCP Protocol NET253: Basic IP QoS  Internet Protocol  TOS and Classification of Traffic  IPv6 Traffic Class  Routing Protocols and QoS

22 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding Transmission in Telecommunications Networks™ Estimated Learning Time 9 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: TEL120

Description This set of e-Topics provides the fundamental knowledge and skills required to understand and appreciate the capabilities of today's transmission networks. The courses explain the basics of voice coding, speech compression, Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), digital signal hierarchies, synchronization, loop design, and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). They also explore the foundation on which future networks will be based. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals who want to understand The following has corresponding information: the fundamentals of transmission and compare competitive  ILT: Understanding Transmission in transmission technologies. Telecommunications Networks Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  TEL111: Telephony Network Basics  Understand and appreciate the capabilities of today’s transmission networks  Describe the current telecommunications network transmission infrastructure, its capabilities and how it has evolved e-Digest Outline TEL121: Speech Coding TEL123: Understanding Transmission Technologies for  Analog vs. Digital T1 and DS3 Systems  Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)  Transmission Technology  Quantization TEL124: Understanding Troubles and Testing for  A-Law and Mu-Law T1/DS1 and DS3 Systems  Speech Compression  Troubles and Testing  DPCM and Adaptive DPCM TEL125: Telephone Access Loops and Impairments  Linear Predictive Coders  Issues and Definitions  Hybrid Coders  Analog and Digital TEL122: Digital Transmission Hierarchies  Loops and Loop Impairment  TDM and T1 Carrier  Internet Access  Frame Formats  North American Digital Hierarchy  Line Coding  European Digital Hierarchy  Timing and Synchronization  SONET/SDH

Description This set of e-Topics describes the important underlying technologies and their functions used in support of Wide Area Networks (WANs). Technologies highlighted included, Frame Relay, ATM, Ethernet, IP, and MPLS. The courses explain the importance of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) for interconnecting sites within a corporation and how security is provided. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals looking for a solid There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. understanding of the technologies deployed in the core of Expected Outcomes today's networks. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Describe the architecture and benefits of core WAN Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: technologies including Frame Relay, ATM, MPLS,  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data and Ethernet Communications  Discuss the technical and service architectures of VPNs, and describe their implementation options e-Digest Outline DAT106: WAN Core Technologies NET311: Ethernet Evolution  Frame Relay Introduction  Why Ethernet?  Frame Relay Service Parameters  Rates and Functions  Virtual Circuits  Competitors  Congestion Management  Standards  ATM Introduction  Naming Conventions  ATM Deployment NET314: Metropolitan Ethernet Networks  Cell Format  Basic Services  SONET in a Backbone  Service Attributes NET111: VPN Overview and Classification  Bandwidth Profiles  VPN Definition  Network Architectures  VPN Service Architecture  Ongoing Issues  VPN Technical Architecture NET315: Ethernet Access and TDM Transport NET114: Virtual Private Network Implementation  PPP and MLPPP Options  Ethernet over DS1 and DS3  Outsourcing the Enterprise Network  Ethernet in the First Mile  VPN Solutions  Ethernet over SONET SDH  Additional Cost Components  Generic Framing Procedure  Implementing the VPN  Virtual Concatenation NET155: MPLS WANs  Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme  Multiprotocol Label Switching Concepts NET141: Basics of Frame Relay  Optical Networking  Frame Relay Introduction  Frame Relay Service Parameters  Virtual Circuits  Congestion Management

24 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding Softswitch Architecture and Evolution™ Estimated Learning Time 6 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: VOP220

Description Softswitches are generally employed to allow traditional circuit switched networks to migrate to or interconnect with Voice over IP networks. However, Softswitches have a variety of capabilities and are deployed in different network architectures. This set of e-Topics provides a review of the market drivers resulting in the demand growth of Softswitches, describes the elements comprising a Softswitch and their functions, and details the different protocols supporting the internal workings of a Softswitch and interconnecting with other networks. It also defines the basic Softswitch architecture, how Softswitches are configured within a network deployment challenges for service providers, and introduces the new network elements and capabilities being defined and deployed as an extension and evolution of traditional Softswitches. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who are involved in migration from circuit There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. networks to VoIP networks and require knowledge of Expected Outcomes Softswitches. Upon completion of this course, the student should Prerequisites understand: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  The motivation for deploying Softswitches  NET220: Understanding TCP/IP  Softswitch system and network architectures  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Protocols employed Communications  How Softswitches are deployed e-Digest Outline VOP221: VoIP and Softswitch Basics VOP223: Softswitch Protocols  VoIP in Carrier Networks  Softswitch Control Protocols  VoIP Enterprise Networks  Softswitch Interworking Protocols  Residential VoIP Services VOP224: Softswitch Extensions and Evolution  VoIP Challenges and Hurdles  Session Border Control  Softswitches  Application Servers and Media Servers VOP222: Softswitch Motivations and Architecture  Deploying Softswitches  Softswitch Architecture  Implementing Softswitches

Broadband Networks Curriculum Overview User's insatiable appetite for higher and higher bandwidth never wanes. To keep pace, broadband technologies are required. TRA's Broadband Networks curriculum provides courses that explain the switching and transmission technologies used by service providers offering broadband services. Courses within this curriculum describe Digital Subscriber Line, public Ethernets, Frame Relay, SONET/SDH, Optical systems, the merger of IP and optical and broadband applications such as Video on Demand. Students gain practical knowledge by taking the courses found within TRA's Broadband Networks curriculum.

Broadband Networks Curriculum e-Digests Understanding the Basics of Video Broadcasting Understanding DSL Understanding Frame Relay Understanding the Basics of Data Communications See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum Understanding Public Ethernet Understanding Optical Networks Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies Understanding the Basics of SONET Understanding Access Technologies Understanding ATM Understanding Advanced ATM Understanding MPLS VPNs Understanding the Basics of IPTV

26 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding the Basics of Video Broadcasting™ Estimated Learning Time 29 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: VID100

Description This collection of e-Topics provides a high level explanation of how television works and the architectures commonly used to distribute TV programming. The courses describe how designers use the properties of human visual perception to engineer the TV to provide moving pictures; the distribution methods of broadcast, cable, satellite, Broadband Passive Optical Network Fiber to the Premises (BPON) and Internet to deliver TV signals; and Digital and High Definition TV with emphasis on digital compression and US deployment status. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who want an introduction to the underlying There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. technology used to deliver broadcast video services. We Expected Outcomes cover the architecture of each of the major industry At the end of this course students should be able to: segments.  Describe the relationship between NTSC, SDTV, Prerequisites ATSC and HDTV signals Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: There are no  Discuss the relative strengths of Cable TV, Satellite prerequisites for this title. TV and Telco TV  Explain the role of IPTV in the future of video services delivery e-Digest Outline VID102: Video Basics VID131: Video Services and Network Architecture  Properties of Human Vision  Modern Hybrid Fiber Coax Cable TV Architecture  TV-Video Fundamentals and Triple Play Services  NTSC Signal  Modern Satellite TV Architectures and Services  Digital Video (DV)  Modern Fiber to the Premises FTTP-based  Consumer Tips Architecture and Services VID103: Video Compression Basics  Internet Protocol TV Architecture and Services  Compression Tools  Strengths and Weaknesses of Alternative Video  Video Coding Standards Architectures VID105: Video on Demand and IPTV Basics VID111: Broadcast Video Networks  Video On Demand (VOD)  The Analog TV  Internet Protocol TV (IPTV)  Digital SDTV VID121: Video on Demand Networks  High Definition TV  Circuit Based Video On Demand VID104: Video Coding and Transport  IPTV  Video Applications and Commercial Services  Summary  Coding Generics VID107: Cable and Satellite TV Basics  Coding Specifics of H.264/MPEG-4-AVC  Cable TV  Transport of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC  Fiber to the Premises TV  RTP Transport  Satellite TV NET261: TelcoTV - IPTV Technology Overview  Benefits and Drawbacks  Introduction  Network Architecture  xDSL Access  Service Providers  Quality of Experience  Service Availability  Lost Packets  Bandwidth Management  Channel Change Time

Description DSL attracts more subscribers than cable modems for high-speed access to the Internet in every area of the world except North America, while other digital subscriber line variants are demanding attention as replacements for business private lines, and delivering digital video programming. This collection of e-Topics addresses the practical issues of DSL; where the bytes are put into frames, how the bits are sent; and how to test, ensure performance, and guarantee that the performance is actually delivered on a copper loop. The topics within this set of courses explain the strengths and weaknesses of DSL variants, where DSL is being deployed, and how to determine who gets DSL and why, in order to simplify the complexity of DSL variants service providers can deploy. In addition to the fundamentals of ADSL, HDSL and SDSL, new approved standards service such as G.SHDSL for symmetrical high-speed service, the latest developments in VDSL - the high-speed video capable technology, and new generation DSLAMs are provided. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students seeking fundamental knowledge of how the The following has corresponding information: technology works and the potential.  ILT: Understanding Digital Subscriber Lines Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a  Explain DSL from a technical perspective Technical Introduction  Understand how the varying forms serve the market  Describe ways to deploy e-Digest Outline DAT105: Business and Residential Access to WANs NET234: DSL: Voice, Video, and QoS  Business/Residential Access to WANs  Quality of Service  Access with DSL  Video over DSL  Access with a Cable Network  Voice over DSL  Access with Wireless Systems NET235: ADSL Overhead  Access with Dial-Up  ADSL Overhead  Access with ISDN  ADSL Standards TEL125: Telephone Access Loops and Impairments NET236: DSL Performance  Issues and Definitions  Outside/Inside Wire Specs  Analog and Digital  Crosstalk  Loops and Loop Impairment  Testing ADSL  Internet Access NET237: High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) NET131: ADSL Basics  HDSL/HDSL2  ADSL Definition/Applications NET238: Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)  ADSL Technology  Symmetric DSL NET232: ADSL Deployment  ADSL Deployment  Splitters, Filters, G.Lite  Deployment and Issues NET233: DSL Higher Layer Protocols  Distribution Modes  Selected Protocol Options

Description This collection of e-Topics addresses the implementation of Frame Relay in carrier networks. The course is designed to meet the needs of equipment manufacturers, end users, and carriers. It encompasses everything from the business aspects to the technical aspects of Frame Relay making it suitable for applications engineers, sales and marketing personnel, planners and purchasing agents, end-user management, network operations personnel, and consultants. Students will gain a better appreciation for the roles of those involved in Frame Relay sales, deployment, and use by taking these courses. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students seeking to understand the business and technical There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. aspects of frame relay use and deployment. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Describe concepts behind how FR operates,  TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a equipment used and how interoperability is Technical Introduction provided  Explain the end-to-end FR connection  Discuss profitable and non profitable FR applications e-Digest Outline NET141: Basics of Frame Relay NET244: Frame Relay Implementation  Frame Relay Introduction  Backbone Options  Frame Relay Service Parameters  Access and Applications  Virtual Circuits NET245: Engineering a Frame Relay Solution  Congestion Management  Carrier Selection NET242: Inside the Frame Relay Protocol  FR Implementation  Frame Relay Terminology NET246: Frame Relay Service Configuration and  UNI, NNI, and LMI Trouble Shooting  FR Frame Format  Interface Issues  PVC/SVC Operation  Troubleshooting  Congestion Handling NET243: Frame Relay Customer Perspective  Intro to Network Management  SNMP  End-to-End Network Management

Description Analysts estimate that more than 98% of all data transmissions start and end on an Ethernet connection. Although, once limited to application use within a business facility, Ethernet is now used in metropolitan and even wide area networks. This set of e-Topics provides a basic introduction to Public Ethernet, and the requirements for efficient operation. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding how the most The following has corresponding information: common interface in data communications is being  ILT: Understanding Public Ethernet deployed for use within carrier networks. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Describe the evolution of Ethernet and the changes  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data that have allowed it to be extended to the public Communications network  Compare and contrast the alternatives for offering public Ethernet services including raw Ethernet, Ethernet over SONET/SDH, Resilient Packet Ring, and Ethernet over MPLS e-Digest Outline NET311: Ethernet Evolution Metropolitan Ethernet Networks continued  Why Ethernet?  Bandwidth Profiles  Rates and Functions  Network Architectures  Competitors  Ongoing Issues  Standards NET315: Ethernet Access and TDM Transport  Naming Conventions  PPP and MLPPP NET312: Ethernet Protocols  Ethernet over DS1 and DS3  Media Access Control  Ethernet in the First Mile  Frame Structure  Ethernet over SONET SDH  Full-Duplex Operations  Generic Framing Procedure  Flow Control  Virtual Concatenation  Auto Negotiation  Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme  Virtual LANs NET316: Resilient Packet Ring  Class of Service  Overview  Link Aggregation  Transport Options  Gigabit Ethernet  Frame Structure  10 Gigabit Ethernet  Traffic Handling  Physical Layer Structure  Protection NET313: Ethernet Networks NET317: Ethernet over MPLS  Bridging Switching  MPLS Refresher  Spanning Tree  MPLS VPN Network Elements  Rapid Spanning Tree  Virtual Private Wire Service  Routed Networks  Virtual Private LAN Service NET314: Metropolitan Ethernet Networks  Scalability and Hybrid Networks  Basic Services  IP-only LAN service  Service Attributes

Description This set of e-Topics introduces the basic terminology, concepts, capabilities, and issues associated with the optical revolution. Course content includes an introduction to optical networking, the basics of optics, and DWDM essentials. Key jargon, the `gee whiz,' the motivations, the technology, the ugly truths, and some of the ongoing challenges of optical networks are described. Communications industry professionals having little or no background in optics or optical networking but desire an intermediate-level understanding will find these courses well suited. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who have a need for an intermediate level of The following has corresponding information: understanding of optical networks.  ILT: Understanding Optical Networks Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Understand basics terminology, directions, potential Communications and issues of optical networks e-Digest Outline OPT201: Optical Basics OPT211: Next Generation OPT206: Reconfigurable Optical Add-  Nature of Light SONET/SDH Drop Multiplexers (ROADM)  Transmitters/Receivers  Introduction  Optical Networks and  Optical Fiber  Virtual Concatenation Wavelength Division  Dispersion  Link Capacity Adjustment Multiplexing  Nonlinear Effects Scheme  Add-Drop Multiplexers and OPT101: SONET/SDH Basics  Generic Framing Procedure Cross-Connects  Optical Fiber  Forward Error Correction  ROADM Technologies  Transmission Hierarchies NET160: Fiber to the Premises  Standard Optical Interfaces (FTTP)  High Bandwidth Transp.  FTTP Basics  Super-Rate Channels  FTTP Deployments  Virtual Tributaries  Future of FTTP  SONET/SDH Apps/Products OPT212: Understanding Passive OPT202: DWDM Essentials Optical Network (PON) Technologies  A Brief History  PON Technology Overview  Components for DWDM  ATM PONs and Broadband  Fiber Choices for DWDM PONs  Optical Amplifiers  Gigabit PON  Dispersion Management  Ethernet PON  Optical Switches  Next Generation PONs  Bandwidth Potential  PON Comparisons OPT205: Optical Transport Network, OTN  Electro-Optical Network  All-Optical (Photonic) Network  Optical Networking Summary

31 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies™ Estimated Learning Time 32 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: EBT201

Description Users' insatiable demand for increasingly higher bandwidth repeatedly provides challenges and opportunities for service providers. As a result, a variety of technologies and system implementations are being deployed providing many different service offerings. This set of e-Topics presents the technologies most able to meet the demands, including Fiber to the Premises (FTTP), next generation SONET/SDH, DWDM, Ethernet, 802 broadband technologies, and emerging broadband cellular such as 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who want an in-depth overview of the There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. technologies used to meet the demands for ever-increasing Expected Outcomes bandwidth in communications networks. At the end of this course students should be able to: Prerequisites  Compare broadband access technologies such as Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: FTTP, FTTN, xDSL, Hybrid Fiber-Coax and  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless Wireless Communications  Describe optical core technologies such as DWDM  OPT220: Understanding Optical Networks and ROADM  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Discuss broadband switching and routing based on Communications Ethernet, IP and MPLS e-Digest Outline CAT102: Alternative Access OPT205: Optical Transport Network, OTN VID102: Video Basics Technologies  Electro-Optical Network  Properties of Human Vision  Digital Subscriber Line Option  All-Optical (Photonic) Network  TV-Video Fundamentals  Cable Architecture for Voice, Data,  Optical Networking Summary  NTSC Signal and Video Services NET311: Ethernet Evolution  Digital Video (DV)  Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks  Why Ethernet?  Consumer Tips  802.16 WiMAX Technology  Rates and Functions 1. 802.16 Fixed and Mobile MANs  Broadband over Powerlines  Competitors  802.16 Overview OPT211: Next Generation SONET/SDH  Standards  802.16 Fixed Broadband Wireless  Introduction  Naming Conventions Access  Virtual Concatenation NET314: Metropolitan Ethernet Networks  802.16e Mobile Broadband  Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme  Basic Services Wireless Access  Generic Framing Procedure  Service Attributes  WiMAX Forum  Forward Error Correction  Bandwidth Profiles 2. 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access OPT212: Understanding Passive Optical  Network Architectures Network (PON) Technologies  Overview  Ongoing Issues  PON Technology Overview OPT206: Reconfigurable Optical Add-  Physical Layer  ATM PONs and Broadband PONs Drop Multiplexers (ROADM) 3. 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network  Gigabit PON  Optical Networks and Wavelength  Overview  Ethernet PON Division Multiplexing  License Exempt Status of 802.22  Next Generation PONs  Add-Drop Multiplexers and Cross-  Network Architecture  PON Comparisons Connects WIR311: 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless OPT202: DWDM Essentials  ROADM Technologies  1xEV-DO Overview and  A Brief History VID101: Broadcast Video Overview Applications  Components for DWDM  The TV Picture  1xEV-DO Relevancy within Cellular Evolution  Fiber Choices for DWDM  TV Distribution  1xEV-DO System Architecture  Optical Amplifiers  Digital TV  Achieving High Performance in  Dispersion Management 1xEV-DO  Optical Switches  1xEV-DO use of TDM and CDM  Bandwidth Potential

Description SONET and SDH are the global standards for optical telecommunications. They define the transport infrastructure for telecommunications networks worldwide. This set of e-Topics introduces students to the SONET/SDH standard, the basic terminology, concepts, capabilities, and associated issues. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who want to understand the basics of the optical The following has corresponding information: transmission system that provides the transport for both  ILT: Understanding the Basics of SONET and public and private networks. Optical Networking Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: At the end of this course students should be able to:  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Describe SONET rates and formats Communications  Explain SONET protection schemes  Identify SONET network elements e-Digest Outline OPT101: SONET/SDH Basics OPT211: Next Generation SONET/SDH  Optical Fiber  Introduction  Transmission Hierarchies  Virtual Concatenation  Standard Optical Interfaces  Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme  High Bandwidth Transp.  Generic Framing Procedure  Super-Rate Channels  Forward Error Correction  Virtual Tributaries  SONET/SDH Apps/Products OPT102: SONET/SDH Framing and Overhead  SONET frame  SONET Overhead  Pointers in SONET OPT103: SONET/SDH Topologies and Rings  Review of SONET Basics  Point-to-Point  Rings  ATM on SONET

Description Users' insatiable demand for increasingly higher bandwidth repeatedly provides challenges and opportunities for service providers. As a result, a variety of technologies and system implementations are being deployed providing many different service offerings to provide broadband access communications. This set of e-Topics presents the access technologies most able to meet the demands, including Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) options, cable, fiber to the premises (FTTP), 802.11 Wi-Fi, 802.16 WiMAX, broadband over powerlines, and broadband access through emerging cellular technologies. Students looking for a good overview of the myriad of technologies providing broadband access will want to review these courses. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who want to understand the different type of There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. technology offerings to deploy broadband access Expected Outcomes communications. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand the different technologies used to Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: deploy broadband communication access  TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a  Explain the basic differences between broadband Technical Introduction access technologies  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications e-Digest Outline CAT102: Alternative Access Technologies WIR144: Emerging Cellular Networks  Digital Subscriber Line Option  Evolution of the CDMA2000® and UMTS  Cable Architecture for Voice, Data, and Video Technology Family Standards Services  Services Offered by State of the Art Cell phone  Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks Carriers  802.16 WiMAX Technology  Potential new Cell phone services pioneered in  Broadband over Powerlines other countries NET160: Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) WIR311: 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless  FTTP Basics  1xEV-DO Overview and Applications  FTTP Deployments  1xEV-DO Relevancy within Cellular Evolution  Future of FTTP  1xEV-DO System Architecture TEL125: Telephone Access Loops and Impairments  Achieving High Performance in 1xEV-DO  Issues and Definitions  1xEV-DO use of TDM and CDM  Analog and Digital WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless  Loops and Loop Impairment  IEEE 802 Series of Wireless  Internet Access o Overview of the IEEE 802 Standards o Wireless Market Opportunities o Licensed and Unlicensed Frequency Bands  Interworking Among IEEE 802 Wireless Standards o Coexistence o IEEE 802 Working Group Activity o 802.21 Handoff Working Group

Description This set of e-Topics provides an understanding of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) which may reside within the access or backbone of a network. Although ATM isn't "visible" as a service to communications users, it is essential to the provision of many other services. As a major technology for integrating voice, data, and video traffic on a single network, it is important to understand where and how ATM is provisioned in support of voice, IP, DSL and Frame Relay services. Since one of today's hot topics is voice migration, a significant portion of this set of courses is dedicated to explaining Voice over ATM. This set of courses explains these and more. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals who wish to understand The following has corresponding information: current ATM technologies, where ATM is deployed in a  ILT: Understanding ATM network, and the issues involved in migrating non-ATM Expected Outcomes traffic to ATM. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand and appreciate the basics of ATM Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Understand why ATM is considered so significant to  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data the communications industry as a solution for many Communications of the networking challenges in both the access and backbone networks e-Digest Outline ATM102: ATM: A Business Perspective ATM105: The ATM Protocol  ATM: Business Benefits  Congestion Issues  Broadband and B-ISDN  OAM Support  ATM Implementation  Misdelivered Cells  FR / IP Comparison  UNI/NNI Cell Formats ATM103: ATM Standards and Interfaces  Standards Organizations  Physical Interfaces  Functional Interfaces ATM104: ATM Services Provided to Users  Service Classes  Adaptation Types  Quality of Service  Traffic Contract  Drawing It All Together  Security

Description This set of e-Topics goes beyond the basics of ATM technology providing students with a solid understanding of how ATM is deployed in modern multi-technology networks. With a focus on the technical and engineering aspects of ATM, IP, and Frame relay, this set of courses describes the equipment, services, and issues surrounding the implementation of ATM. Associated business issues are also addressed. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals looking for a The following has corresponding information: comprehensive understanding of ATM, including the  ILT: Understanding Advanced ATM technical, engineering, and business aspects of ATM, IP Expected Outcomes and Frame Relay, and their role in today's networks. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Describe how ATM works with other protocols Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Understand in-depth engineering complexities  ATM110: Understanding ATM  Identify equipment, services and associated issues  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications e-Digest Outline ATM201: ATM for the Public Carrier Backbone ATM205: Switching and Routing over ATM  Network Interworking  Routing vs. Switching  ATM as a Frame Relay Backbone  LANs - ATM and Ethernet  ATM as a Circuit Backbone  ATM LAN Emulation  ATM as an IP Backbone  Classical IP/ATM ATM202: Public Carrier ATM Service Interworking  Multiprotocol over ATM, MPOA  ATM Service Interworking  Multiprotocol Label Switching, MPLS ATM203: ATM over ADSL  Comparing the Options  ATM Access Alternatives ATM206: PNNI: Private Network to Network Interface  ATM ADSL Applications  Private NNI Overview  ATM over ADSL  PNNI Routing  Protocol Layer Functions  PNNI Signaling ATM204: Video over ATM  Business Drivers  Video - how do we do it?

Description This set of e-Topics focuses on the MPLS Virtual Private Networking (VPN) applications using Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). MPLS and BGP-based VPNs have emerged as high-growth areas for service providers and enterprise network managers because MPLS enables a decoupling of IP addresses from the control architecture enabling improved functionality, simplification, lowered costs, new levels of Service Level Agreements (SLAs), and additional levels of security. This set of courses details MPLS procedures and processes, takes a step-by-step approach to standards, shows how traffic engineering and Quality of Service (QoS) features of MPLS are leveraged with VPN flexible addressing and security. Ultimately, these e-Topics dive deeply into the operational aspects of providing VPNs on MPLS-based networks and exercise all the baseline knowledge from the Understanding MPLS course. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who want to understand the power of MPLS and The following has corresponding information: master the issues, terms, and requirements associated with  ILT: Understanding MPLS VPNs MPLS networks. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Explain why the implementation of MPLS and BGP-  NET220: Understanding TCP/IP based MPLS VPNs have emerged as high-growth  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data areas for service providers and enterprise networks Communications  Understand how MPLS VPNs improve functionality,  NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs simplify operational costs, and improve network scalability for VPN services while continuing to support security and Quality of Service  Understand the IETF standards for MPLS VPN functions and processes  Identify the routers and switches that enable MPLS VPNs e-Digest Outline NET150: Overview of MPLS MPLS Architecture and Concepts continued  MPLS Overview  Label Distribution  MPLS Components NET153: Constraint-Based Routing in MPLS  MPLS Operation  Brief Review of Routing and MPLS  MPLS Label Distribution  Constraint Based Routing  MPLS Applications  Enhancing OSPF for MPLS NET151: Why MPLS?  Enhancing IS-IS for MPLS  Reduced Carrier Operation Costs  Fast Re-route in MPLS  ATM Backbone Scalability NET154: Basic Setup and Operation of MPLS Layer3  Quality of Service VPNs  Traffic Engineering  MPLS VPN Setup and Operation  VPN Services NET155: MPLS WANs NET152: MPLS Architecture and Concepts  Multiprotocol Label Switching Concepts  Pushing, swapping, and Popping MPLS Labels  Optical Networking  MPLS VPN Architecture  MPLS Tunneling

Description Traditional telephone companies are adopting IPTV to deliver the video component of the voice/data/video triple play. This course reviews the rationale for choosing IPTV, provides examples of the types of services that IPTV can support and describes the network and access architectures typically used to deliver IPTV to the customer. Network design challenges to deliver acceptable Quality of Experience are discussed and techniques to mitigate the effects of network impairments such as lost packets are presented. Prerequisites Corresponding Courses There are no prerequisites for this title. There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. Expected Outcomes Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  Describe how IPTV works with other protocols  Understand IPTV network engineering complexities  Identify equipment, services and associated issues

e-Digest Outline VID102: Video Basics  Properties of Human Vision  TV-Video Fundamentals  NTSC Signal  Digital Video (DV)  Consumer Tips VID103: Video Compression Basics  Compression Tools  Video Coding Standards NET264: Multicast for IPTV  Overview and Addressing  Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)  Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) NET261: TelcoTV - IPTV Technology Overview  Introduction  Network Architecture  xDSL Access  Service Providers  Quality of Experience  Service Availability  Lost Packets  Bandwidth Management  Channel Change Time

Wireless Networks Curriculum Overview In today's increasingly mobile world, working from a fixed desktop device communicating by wires is no longer acceptable. Professionals expect and demand the flexibility to work from any location. Students can learn about all things wireless by taking the courses found in TRA's Wireless Networks curriculum. Courses within this curriculum provide a broad and deep understanding of wireless by addressing the technology basics, terminology, evolution of cellular networks to 4G, LTE, wireless 802.11 LANs, WiFi, WiMAX MANs, demand for wireless data, emerging wireless standards, and interworking among wireless networks and with landline networks. Students will gain practical knowledge by learning from the topics found within TRA's Wireless Networking courses.

Wireless Networks Curriculum e-Digests Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul e-Digest Collection Understanding CDMA Understanding 802.11 Protocols and Procedures Understanding GPRS Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum Understanding Radio Fundamentals See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies Understanding IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for All-IP Networks Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless Understanding Mobile Internet Access Understanding GSM Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies Understanding UMTS Understanding CDMA2000 and High-Speed Mobile Internet Understanding WiMAX Understanding LTE and SAE Understanding Converged Communication

Understanding the Evolution of Wireless Backhaul™ Estimated Learning Time 10 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: WIR190

Description Wireless service providers are aggressively upgrading their backhaul networks to meet the surging growth in user traffic. This electronic course provides an overview of the backhaul infrastructure and examines many of the technologies and associated issues that service providers face as they migrate, their backhaul networks. We start with a primer on the basics of backhaul, who provides it and how it has evolved. We then look at the options for backhaul media and discuss the relative merits and limitations of copper, microwave and fiber backhaul. Next we examine the requirements for synchronization in wireless networks and discuss the options for providing timing as the traditional T1 and E1 connections are retired. Finally, we discuss why essentially all wireless service providers are evolving to the use of Ethernet for backhaul and we examine the Ethernet services that can be used to provide backhaul, some of the issues that must be addressed, such as bandwidth management, and the standards that have emerged for testing and maintaining Ethernet services. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunication professionals looking for an overview of There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. the technologies involved with wireless backhaul. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites At the end of this course the student should be able to: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Describe the infrastructure that is used to provide  TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a wireless backhaul and how it has evolved through Technical Introduction the wireless technology generations  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Identify the relative merits and limitations of copper, Communications microwave and fiber-based physical media for backhaul  Explain why wireless networks need synchronization and the options for providing it as backhaul networks migrate from circuit-based to packet-based  Discuss why all service providers are migrating to Ethernet-based backhaul and how Ethernet services can be used to provide backhaul transport e-Digest Outline WIR194: Understanding the Basics of Wireless WIR197: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul Backhaul  Ethernet Lines, LANs and Trees  Industry Overview  Pseudowires and Circuit Emulation  Backhaul Evolution  Service Classes WIR195: Understanding Backhaul Media WIR198: Understanding Ethernet Backhaul: Technical  Copper Based Backhaul Overview  Microwave Based Backhaul  Overview  Fiber-Based Backhaul  Services and Service Classes WIR196: Understanding Synchronization  Bandwidth Management for Wireless Backhaul  TDM Support  Overview of Synchronization for Wireless Backhaul Synchronization for Wireless Backhaul  TDM and GPS  Synchronous Ethernet  IEEE 1588v2  Summary

Description CDMA has taken the mobile wireless world by storm, become a major Second Generation (2G) technology and the dominant technology choice for Third Generation (3G) systems. As a "spread spectrum" technology with robust interference tolerance, CDMA has been used for point-to-point military communications for many years. Making the technology suitable for cellular applications having many simultaneous users on the same frequency, required major innovations. However, CDMA technology is very different from preceding cellular technologies and is counter-intuitive and difficult to understand. This set of e-Topics builds new intuition that will enable you to understand CDMA concepts and provides a foundation for understanding 2G TIA-95 CDMA cellular and its evolution to 3G. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students desiring an intuitive understanding of CDMA The following has corresponding information: concepts and the details of how CDMA is used in 2G  ILT: Understanding CDMA CDMA. Also students wanting a solid foundation for Expected Outcomes understanding how CDMA is used in 3G W-CDMA/UMTS Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: and CDMA2000.  Compare pseudo-random codes roles in CDMA Prerequisites systems and how they offer enhanced capacity, Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: performance, call quality, and coverage, with other  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless cellular technologies Communications  Understand why CDMA technology has been chosen for all major 3G standards e-Digest Outline WIR231: CDMA Fundamentals  A CDMA Analogy  Major CDMA Characteristics WIR232: CDMA: TIA-95: Beyond the Basics  Forward Radio Link  Reverse Radio Link WIR233: Key CDMA Engineering Parameters  CIR  Eb/Io  Capacity Formulas  Handset Maximum Power  Cell Loading  Capacity and Coverage Limit  Soft Handoff Parameters

41 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding 802.11 Protocols and Procedures™ Estimated Learning Time 9 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: WIR260

Description This set of e-Topics provides an overview of Wi-Fi deployment in wireless LANs. In today's increasingly mobile world, working from a fixed desktop device communicating by wires is no longer acceptable. Professionals expect and demand the flexibility to work from any location. Through the use of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technologies, individuals may simply and easily connect their devices of choice, and exchange information from nearly anywhere. These e-Topics provide an overview of the principal 802.11 specifications, including 802.11b,g, and n, enabling an understanding of these fast-growing technologies. Additionally, major alternative technologies used at the MAC and PHY layers and the reasoning behind the major attributes of these technologies, are compared. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding 802.11 Wireless The following has corresponding information: LANs, their architecture, control, and radio aspects.  ILT: Understanding 802.11 Wireless LANs Prerequisites Protocols and Procedures Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Expected Outcomes  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Communications  Understand the fundamental concepts and principles of operation for 802.11 Wireless LANs  Describe how the Wi-Fi Medium Access Control manages access and connections with a Wi-Fi Hub  Discuss the evolution of the 802.11 Wi-Fi radio technologies to OFDM e-Digest Outline WIR282: Overview of 802.11 Wireless LANs WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA for LTE,  Overview of 802.11 Wireless LANs WiMAX, and Wi-Fi  802.11 Physical Layers  Why OFDM/OFDMA?  Connecting to an 802.11 Wireless LAN  Illustrating the Benefits of OFDM Multicarrier  Security  How the DFT/FFT makes OFDM Implementable WIR161: Overview of 802.11 Wireless LAN Operations  What's Orthogonal about OFDM?  Architecture Components  What's Different about OFDMA?  Hidden Node Problems WIR261: Wi-Fi Medium Access Control  W-Fi Interoperability Testing  Scanning, Authentication, Association  Operational Scenarios  Handling Contention  MAC Frame Structure

Description This set of e-Topics provides an understanding of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). To enable high-speed access to IP-based services, GPRS was developed as a packet-switched extension of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network. To support advanced mobile devices' access to the Internet and corporate Intranets, GPRS provides efficient use of shared resources, volume-based charging, rather than airtime charging, allows "always on" connections, and matches connections speeds to the needs of users and their applications. GPRS infrastructure (e.g., SGSNs and GGSNs) also serves as the foundation for the packet-switched domain of the Third Generation (3G) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in acquiring an overview of GPRS radio The following has corresponding information: technology and network infrastructure and its evolution.  ILT: Understanding GSM Prerequisites  ILT: Understanding Mobile Internet Access Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Expected Outcomes  NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Explain GPRS architecture, elements, and services Communications  List the major functions of SGSNs and GGSNs  WIR120: Understanding GSM  Identify the different steps in setting up a GPRS  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless data session Communications  Explain how GPRS tunnels handle IP mobility  Summarize evolution paths e-Digest Outline WIR123: Introduction to GPRS - Data over GSM  Data over GSM WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users  Portability vs. Full Mobility  Simple IP  Security Issues WIR227: GPRS Infrastructure for IP Mobility  The GPRS Solution for Mobility  Security  Enabling Mobility

43 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™ Estimated Learning Time 25 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: EWT230

Description Today, the megatrends of wireless communications and the Internet are revolutionizing voice and data communications. Wireless technology has become ubiquitous for voice applications, and is becoming the access technology of choice for data applications. As result, the development of new radio technologies and network elements that, offer new services and service possibilities. This set of courses was designed with a focus on the major technologies that have been deployed, as well as those likely to be deployed within the next one to three years; such as the two major 3G cellular technologies, UMTS/W-CDMA and CDMA2000 and their evolution to 4G, as well as the 802 wireless technologies, including WiMAX. While other courses provide in-depth coverage of major technology steps, this set of courses is presented as a technology overview so students have a sense of the complex evolutionary paths in a simplified and abbreviated format. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Newcomers to the field and experienced professionals who The following has corresponding information: want to learn the broad perspectives of wireless  ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless communications. Technologies Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Understand and appreciate some of the new Communications wireless technologies being deployed and those on  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data the horizon Communications  Gain insight on how these technologies are related to each other, and their possible impact on the overall wireless marketplace e-Digest Outline WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G WIR282: Overview of 802.11 Wireless WIR291: Intro to Broadband Wireless to 3G: A Broad Overview LANs and 802.16 WiMAX  Cellular Evolution from 2G to  Overview of 802.11 Wireless  WiMAX and Broadband 3G LANs Wireless Technologies  W-CDMA/UMTS  802.11 Physical Layers  WiMAX Market Opportunities  CDMA2000® Evolution to 3G  Connecting to an 802.11  Licensed and Licensed-Exempt  3G Evolution Summary Wireless LAN Spectrum WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless  Security  The WiMAX Forum  IEEE 802 Series of Wireless WIR283: Overview of 802.15 Personal WIR292: 802.16 WiMAX Physical  Interworking Among IEEE 802 Area Networks Layer Wireless Standards  Overview of Wireless Personal  WiMAX Protocol Stack WIR201: FemtoCells: A Mobile Area Networks, WPANs  Non-Line-Of-Sight Capability Network Operator Perspective  802.15.1 Blue Tooth  Why OFDM?  Context  802.15.3 High Rate WPAN  WiMAX 256 OFDM  Business Perspective  802.15.4 Low Power WPAN Characteristics  Network Architecture WIR284: Overview of 802.xx  WiMAX Performance  Access Broadband Wireless Access WIR331: UMTS Evolution to LTE/SAE  Interference  802.16 Fixed and Mobile MANs  UMTS Evolution of the Radio  QoS and Performance  802.20 Mobile Broadband Access Network (E-UTRAN) Wireless Access  SAE Evolution of the Core  802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network Network  Architecture and Major Protocols

44 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for All-IP Networks™ Estimated Learning Time 8 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: WIR300

Description The evolution to an All-IP network is underway and the blueprint is IMS. Although unfolding more rapidly in the wireless arena, it is occurring in both wired and wireless networks. This set of courses describe how wireless networks are being upgraded with 3G network elements, protocols, and call/session control procedures to accommodate multimedia applications. The collection of e-Topics content explains how all traffic will use IP for transport, and how SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), and SDP (Session Description Protocol) provide the new all-encompassing call and session control for multimedia calls as well as call control for traditional voice calls and session control for simple data sessions such as web browsing. The e-Digest also highlights the new functional network elements specified by standards bodies to enable the evolution including Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs), Media Gateway Control Functions (MGCFs), Media Gateways, (MGs), Breakout Gateway Control Functions (BGCFs), and more. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students seeking to understand the IMS All-IP network The following has corresponding information: evolution for delivering voice, data and video services on a  ILT: Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks single network. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of these course, students should be able Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: to:  NET220: Understanding TCP/IP  Define the new IMS network functional elements o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Diagram how SIP, SDP, and MEGACO are used Communications  Explain the typical message flows for an IMS  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless multimedia session Communications  Discuss the potential for new services e-Digest Outline WIR301: IMS Primer WIR303: Detailed IMS Operational Scenarios WIR302: IMS Architecture Network Elements  Transitions to IMS  3G Evolution to IMS  SIP Modifications for IMS  IMS Functional Elements  SIP Headers and Session Description Protocol  IMS Service Scenarios Parameters  IMS and CDMA2000® Network Architecture  Detailed IMS Session Setup Example WIR304: IMS Intermediate-Level Message Flows  REGISTER Scenario  Mobile Origination to ISDN Multimedia Session Scenario  QOS Management Scenarios  B2BUA Scenario for Session Forwarding  IMS Presence Scenarios

Description Analysts estimate that at least 45% of the workforce uses a mobile data device, such as a notebook or PDA, as a productivity tool. This set of courses describes and contrast the different IEEE 802 Wireless technologies and standards. For instance, the courses identify how the IEEE standards for 802.11 and 802.15.1 Bluetooth are being used for deploying Wireless Local Area Networks, and Wireless Personal Area Networks, respectively. Technologies such as provided by 802.15.4 ZigBee for large sensor networks, and 802.16 WiMAX for fixed/portable and mobile broadband wireless access and Metropolitan Area Networks are also explained. These courses provide an excellent overview for students wanting to understand the 802 technologies and their applications. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Forward-looking designers, product planners and network The following has corresponding information: operators who need a solid understanding of the existing  ILT: Understanding 802 Wireless Standards and emerging IEEE wireless standards. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Understand the radio technologies and techniques  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless being deployed in emerging 802 wireless networks Communications  Describe and contrast IEEE wireless standards  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data including 802.11 LAN, 802.15 PAN, and 802.16 Communications MAN  Discuss the major applications for each of these standards and explain how the standards meet their requirements e-Digest Outline WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless WIR283: Overview of 802.15 Personal WIR295: Overview of IEEE 802.16e  IEEE 802 Series of Wireless Area Networks Extensions for Mobile WiMAX  Interworking Among IEEE 802  Overview of Wireless Personal  Mobile WiMAX Physical Layer Wireless Standards Area Networks, WPANs  Scalable OFDM and OFDMA WIR282: Overview of 802.11 Wireless  802.15.1 Blue Tooth  Subchannels on DL and UL for LANs  802.15.3 High Rate WPAN Greater Efficiency  Overview of 802.11 Wireless  802.15.4 Low Power WPAN  OFDMA vs. OFDM LANs WIR284: Overview of 802.xx  Handover Procedures  802.11 Physical Layers Broadband Wireless Access  Sleep and Idle Modes for  Connecting to an 802.11  802.16 Fixed and Mobile MANs Extended Battery Life Wireless LAN  802.22 Wireless Regional Area  Enhanced Channel Estimation  Security Network  Subchannelization in More WIR161: Overview of 802.11 Wireless WIR291: Intro to Broadband Wireless Detail LAN Operations and 802.16 WiMAX WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and  Architecture Components  WiMAX and Broadband OFDMA for LTE, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi  Hidden Node Problems Wireless Technologies  Why OFDM/OFDMA  W-Fi Interoperability Testing  WiMAX Market Opportunities  Illustrating the Benefits of WIR261: Wi-Fi Medium Access  Licensed and Licensed-Exempt OFDM Multicarrier Control Spectrum  How the DFT/FFT make OFDM  Scanning, Authentication,  The WiMAX Forum Implementable Association WIR292: 802.16 WiMAX 256 OFDM  What's Orthogonal about  Operational Scenarios Physical Layer OFDM?  Handling Contention  WiMAX Protocol Stack  Major Characteristics of OFDM  MAC Frame Structure  Non-Line-Of-Sight Capability and OFDMA as used in LTE,  Why OFDM? Mobile WiMAX, and Wi-Fi  WiMAX 256 OFDM  What's Different about Characteristics OFDMA?  WiMAX Performance

Description Today, the megatrends of wireless communications and the Internet are revolutionizing voice and data communications. Putting the two together - Mobile Internet Access - provides an explosive, promising field for a range of new services and applications. This set of e-Topics focuses on how cellular networks support IP mobility. Mobile IP (used in CDMA2000 networks) and GPRS (used in GPRS/UMTS networks) are explained including their infrastructure protocols and technologies, the bottlenecks and limitations of today's networks, the progress of solutions possible through the use of 2.5G and 3G cellular networks, and the standards for providing mobile Internet packet-switched infrastructure. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in an overview of Mobile Data The following has corresponding information: Applications and networks and how 2.5G and 3G network  ILT: Understanding Mobile Internet Access architectures, infrastructures, and protocols support high- Expected Outcomes bit-rate multimedia services. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand the network infrastructure technologies Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: addressing the need for cost-effective and efficient  NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs mobile Internet access o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Describe how Mobile IP and GPRS enable IP Communications mobility enabling users to move seamlessly without  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless dropping TCP/IP sessions. Communications e-Digest Outline WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G: A Broad Overview  Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G  W-CDMA/UMTS  CDMA2000® Evolution to 3G  3G Evolution Summary WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users  Portability vs. Full Mobility  Simple IP  Security Issues WIR254: Mobile IP for CDMA2000  Mobile IP Overview  Mobile IP in Depth WIR227: GPRS Infrastructure for IP Mobility  The GPRS Solution for Mobility  Security  Enabling Mobility

Description Introduced in 1991, Global System for Mobile Communications presently support; more than three billion subscribers in more than 210 countries. This phenomenal growth can be attributed to GSM's support for international roaming which permits users traveling nearly anywhere in the world to receive the same features and services provided by their home network. This collection of e-Topics provides students insights into what GSM is, how it works, and how it is the starting point for the evolution to 3G UMTS. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students wanting to understand GSM and to understand The following has corresponding information: the starting point for GSM/GPRS/UMTS evolution.  ILT: Understanding GSM Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Understand how this technology operates and how Communications its technical features make it one of the most dominant digital cellular standards in the world  Gain insights of GSM’s air interface, how it supports basic voice communications  Describe how GSM is evolving to support user data and related services e-Digest Outline WIR121: GSM Introduction WIR224: GSM Logical/Physical Channels  The Early Years  Logical Channels in GSM  Services and Evolution  The Family of Bursts  GSM Market Growth  GSM Frame Structures WIR122: GSM Network Aspects  Allowable Channel Combination  The GSM PLMN WIR226: GSM System Capacity  Network Elements  An Initial Approach  GSM Signaling Protocols  Interference Reduction WIR123: Introduction to GPRS - Data over GSM  Data over GSM WIR223: GSM Traffic Channel  Speech Encoding  Channel Coding  Encryption  Stealing Flags  Burst Building  Modulation

48 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure™ Estimated Learning Time 33 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: WIR320

Description Third Generation (3G) wireless systems supports service providers' requirements for lowered costs, improved capacity, and fulfilling a growing demand for wireless data applications. Advances in radio access technologies, have made it possible from 3G systems to support higher bit-rates than experienced in 2G wireless systems. This set of e-Topics simplifies the complexity of 3G technology choices and the many options possible for evolving from current 2G networks to 3G. The student will learn the UMTS/W-CDMA and CDMA2000 competing technologies, evolution paths, and the exciting capabilities that are possible. Although this collection of courses deals briefly with the CDMA radio technology, the focus is on the UMTS network infrastructure and the CDMA2000 network infrastructure. Also included is how each of these two infrastructures supports IP mobility: using GPRS for UMTS IP mobility vs. using Mobile IP for CDMA2000 IP mobility. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students desiring an understanding of the infrastructure of The following has corresponding information: UMTS and CDMA2000 3G cellular networks.  ILT: Understanding 3G Mobile Network Prerequisites Infrastructure Students should understand wireless and digital Expected Outcomes cellular/PCS concepts by taking: Upon Completion of this course students should be able to:  NET220: Understanding TCP/IP  Diagram the network infrastructure of both the o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data UMTS and CDMA2000® networks Communications  Define the major functions of each network element  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Explain how GPRS is used in UMTS to support IP Communications mobility  Explain how Mobile IP is used in CDMA2000® to support IP mobility  Compare and Contrast the UMTS and CDMA2000® network infrastructures e-Digest Outline WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G WIR242: UMTS Operational WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile to 3G: A Broad Overview Scenarios Users  Cellular Evolution from 2G to  Access/Mobility  Portability vs. Full Mobility 3G  View from the UTRAN  Simple IP  W-CDMA/UMTS  Circuit-Switched Domain  Security Issues  CDMA2000® Evolution to 3G  Packet-Switched Domain WIR254: Mobile IP for CDMA2000  3G Evolution Summary WIR251: CDMA2000 Architecture and  Mobile IP Overview WIR212: CDMA Essentials Overview Evolution  Mobile IP in Depth for 3G  Network Evolution to "All IP" WIR227: GPRS Infrastructure for IP  CDMA Fundamentals Overview  CDMA2000® Network Mobility  2G Brief Review Evolution  The GPRS Solution for Mobility  CDMA Choice for 3G  SIP, H.323, and MEGACO  Security WIR241: UMTS Network and Protocol WIR311: 1xEV-DO Broadband  Enabling Mobility Architecture Wireless  UMTS Evolution  1xEV-DO Overview and  UTRA and ATM Applications  UMTS Protocols  1xEV-DO Relevancy within  UTRAN Configuration Cellular Evolution  1xEV-DO System Architecture  Achieving High Performance in 1xEV-DO  1xEV-DO use of TDM and CDM

Description Third Generation (3G) wireless systems supports service providers' requirements for lowered costs, improved capacity, and fulfilling a growing demand for wireless data applications. Advances in radio access technologies, have made it possible for 3G systems to support higher bit-rates than experienced in 2G wireless systems. This set of courses simplifies the complexity of 3G technology choices and the many options possible for evolving from current 2G networks to 3G. Although this collection of e-Topics deals briefly with the network infrastructure, the focus is on the various 3G radio access concepts and technologies that distinguish 3G and 2G systems. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding the UMTS/W-CDMA and The following has corresponding information: CDMA2000 3G radio technologies supporting the growth in high-  ILT: Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies bit-rate cellular services.  ILT: Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure Prerequisites  WIR320: Understanding 3G Mobile Network Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Infrastructure  WIR230: Understanding CDMA Expected Outcomes o WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Communications  Grasp 3G wireless and market impact  Understand 3G standards for CDMA2000 and W- CDMA/UMTS  Diagram 3G technology evolution e-Digest Outline WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G: A Broad Overview WIR241: UMTS Network and Protocol Architecture  Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G  UMTS Evolution  W-CDMA/UMTS  UTRA and ATM  CDMA2000 Evolution to 3G  UMTS Protocols  3G Evolution Summary  UTRAN Configuration WIR201: FemtoCells: A Mobile Network Operator Perspective WIR244: UMTS W-CDMA Radio Technology  Context  W-CDMA Characteristics  Business Perspective  UMTS Flexibility  Network Architecture  W-CDMA Uplink  Access WIR255: CDMA2000 Radio Technology  Interference  CDMA2000 Forward Radio  QoS and Performance  Supplemental Channels WIR212: CDMA Essentials Overview for 3G  Configuration/Data Rate Options  CDMA Fundamentals Overview  Multi-Carrier Operation  2G Brief Review  CDMA2000 Uplink  CDMA Choice for 3G  CDMA Evolution WIR213: Key Technology Concepts for 3G WIR311: 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless  Higher Bandwidths Required  1xEV-DO Overview and Applications  Packet/Circuit Services  1xEV-DO Relevancy within Cellular Evolution  Coherent Demodulation  1xEV-DO System Architecture  TDD for 3G  Achieving High Performance in 1xEV-DO  Eb/I0 Architecture  1xEV-DO use of TDM and CDM  Control Eb WIR341: UMTS Evolution to HSPA and HSPA+  Limit I0 Evolution Overview  Smart Antennas  W-CDMA: The Starting Point in 3GPP Release 99  Interference Cancellation  HSDPA in 3GPP Release 5  HSUPA (and HSPA) in 3GPP Release 6  HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 7  HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 8  HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 9  HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 10  Summary

Description This set of e-Topics profiles the world of cellular mobile communications through Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The courses explain how UMTS builds on and evolves from GSM and GPRS network designs and CDMA access technologies. With more than 80% of service providers worldwide adopting UMTS, and evolutionary plans in both the Radio Access and Core Networks, UMTS promises to be a hot topic for years to come. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding how the 2G GSM and The following has corresponding information: 2.5G GPRS cellular networks have evolved to 3G with  ILT: Understanding UMTS UMTS and W-CDMA. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Identify UMTS 3G capabilities, market impact,  WIR230: Understanding CDMA release timeline and future evolution o WIR110: Understanding the Basics of  Describe UMTS network architecture, major Wireless Communications characteristics, components, interfaces and  NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs protocols o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Explain how UMTS handles mobility and call Communications handling  WIR120: Understanding GSM o WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications e-Digest Outline WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G: A Broad WIR227: GPRS Infrastructure for IP Mobility Overview  The GPRS Solution for Mobility  Cellular Evolution from 2G to 3G  Security  W-CDMA/UMTS  Enabling Mobility  CDMA2000 Evolution to 3G WIR244: UMTS W-CDMA Radio Technology  3G Evolution Summary  W-CDMA Characteristics WIR212: CDMA Essentials Overview for 3G  UMTS Flexibility  CDMA Fundamentals Overview  W-CDMA Uplink  2G Brief Review WIR243: UMTS Open Service Architecture (OSA)  CDMA Choice for 3G  OSA Service Goals WIR241: UMTS Network and Protocol Architecture  OSA API  UMTS Evolution  OSA Services  UTRA and ATM WIR341: UMTS Evolution to HSPA and HSPA+  UMTS Protocols Evolution Overview  UTRAN Configuration  W-CDMA: The Starting Point in 3GPP Release 99 WIR242: UMTS Operational Scenarios  HSDPA in 3GPP Release 5  Access/Mobility  HSUPA (and HSPA) in 3GPP Release 6  View from the UTRAN  HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 7  Circuit-Switched Domain  HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 8  Packet-Switched Domain  HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 9  HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 10  Summary

51 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 TRA E-LEARNING LIBRARY Understanding CDMA2000 and High-Speed Mobile Internet™ Estimated Learning Time 14 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: WIR250

Description This set of e-Topics provides an understanding of the Radio Access Network and the Mobile Internet infrastructure. CDMA2000 significantly contributes to relieving the bandwidth bottleneck associated with 2G networks, supporting improved voice capacity and high-bit-rate wireless data services, and combined with its graceful evolution from 2G networks CDMA2000 is intriguing to service providers looking to meet the needs of today's increasingly mobile and information demanding users. CDMA2000 networks provide high 1xEV-DO with support for up to 3 Mb/s. This set of e- Topics explain how CDMA2000 1xEV-DO can support high bit-rate packets across the Radio Access Network, and how IP router-based Packet Data Serving Nodes (PDSN) can act as Mobile IP foreign agents to tunnel IP packets to mobile users. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students of the wireless industry that are interested in how The following has corresponding information: the 3G CDMA2000 network supports high speed mobile  ILT: Understanding CDMA2000 and High-Speed internet with 1xEV-DO and Mobile IP technology. Mobile Internet Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  WIR230: Understanding CDMA  Explain how CDMA2000 1xEV-DO high bit rate is o WIR110: Understanding the Basics of achieved Wireless Communications  Describe how Mobile IP works  NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs  List the major CDMA2000 Infrastructure functions o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications e-Digest Outline WIR251: CDMA2000 Architecture and Evolution WIR254: Mobile IP for CDMA2000  Network Evolution to "All IP"  Mobile IP Overview  CDMA2000 Network Evolution  Mobile IP in Depth  SIP, H.323, and MEGACO WIR311: 1xEV-DO Broadband Wireless WIR252: CDMA2000 Operational Scenarios  1xEV-DO Overview and Applications  Packet Call Session/Scenario  1xEV-DO Relevancy within Cellular Evolution  Examples Call/Session Flow  1xEV-DO System Architecture WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users  Achieving High Performance in 1xEV-DO  Portability vs. Full Mobility  1xEV-DO use of TDM and CDM  Simple IP  Security Issues

Description WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) is "hot". It is being used to extend the popular Wireless LAN Wi-Fi hotspot coverage to wide-area Wireless MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) coverage. As done with Wi-Fi, WiMAX capability is being included in many notebook computers. This set of e-Topics explains the technologies behind Fixed and Mobile WiMAX including OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) 4G technologies, as well as the Network Infrastructure. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding the technologies The following has corresponding information: behind Fixed and Mobile WiMAX Radio (OFDM, and  ILT: Understanding WiMAX / IEEE 802.16 OFDMA) and Network Infrastructure, and having interest in Expected Outcomes the latest advances in wireless technology and 4G Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: developments. Technical sales personnel, product  Understand the concepts of OFDM and OFDMA managers, network planners and development engineers without resorting to complex mathematics will enjoy this course.  Understand how OFDM and OFDMA are used in Prerequisites WiMAX and Mobile WiMAX There are no prerequisites for this title.  Understand how the WiMAX network infrastructure supports mobile services  Understand why OFDM and OFDMA are widely considered the choice for 4G wireless technology e-Digest Outline WIR291: Intro to Broadband Wireless and 802.16 WiMAX WIR293: WiMAX Protocols, Messages, and Operational  WiMAX and Broadband Wireless Technologies Scenarios  WiMAX Market Opportunities  MAC Frame Structure  Licensed and Licensed-Exempt Spectrum  MAC Procedures and Management  The WiMAX Forum  MAC Message Flow WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA for LTE, WiMAX, WIR295: IEEE 802.16e Extensions for Mobile WiMAX and Wi-Fi  Scalable OFDM and OFDMA  Why OFDM/OFDMA?  Subchannels on DL and UL for Greater Efficiency  Illustrating the Benefits of OFDM Multicarrier  OFDMA vs. OFDM  How the DFT/FFT makes OFDM Implementable  Handover Procedures  What's Orthogonal about OFDM?  Sleep and Idle Modes for Extended Battery Life  What's Different about OFDMA?  Enhanced Channel Estimation WIR297: IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX MAC Frame Structure  Other Enhancements  WiMAX Network Architecture and Protocols  Subchannelization in More Detail  Mobile Station Service Origination Operational Scenarios WIR296: Mobile WiMAX Network Infrastructure and Handover  WiMAX Handover Operational Scenario Scenario WIR292: 802.16 WiMAX Physical Layer  WiMAX Network Architecture and Protocols  WiMAX Protocol Stack  Mobile Station Service Origination Operational Scenarios  Non-Line-Of-Sight Capability  WiMAX Handover Operational Scenario  Why OFDM? WIR298: IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX MAC Messages  WiMAX 256 OFDM Characteristics  Mobile WiMAX MAC Messages  WiMAX Performance WIR299: MAC Message Flows for Mobile Station Initialization WIR294: Key Radio Concepts for IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Procedure  Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)  Subscriber Station Initialization Procedure  Multipath: What is Good?  Multipath: What is Bad?  Adaptive Antenna Systems and MiMo  OFDM Subcarrier Orthagonality and Implementation  OFDM Challenges  Choosing the Optimum Subcarrier Bandwidth

Description This course is intended for students interested in understanding the UMTS LTE (Long-Term Evolution), the radio access network evolution, and SAE (System Architecture Evolution), the infrastructure evolution of UMTS supporting LTE. With the current dominance of UMTS in 3G worldwide deployments, LTE/SAE is likely to be the dominant 4G technology as well. Understanding this technology will be essential for anyone planning for the next generation in mobile broadband radio technology. This course has been designed to explain the new SAE architecture and major protocols and includes coverage of major operational scenarios illustrating the message flows. This course has also been designed to provide an intuitive understanding of how the OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier- Frequency Division Multiple Access) technologies work and how the capabilities of these technologies will enable significantly higher performance than 3G. e-Digest is Designed for Expected Outcomes Designed for Students interested in understanding the new Upon completion of this course, students will be able to: radio technologies used in the UMTS LTE and the new SAE  Discuss the major strengths of LTE for 4G mobile broadband. architecture and operation.  Understand intuitively the use of OFDMA and SC-FDMA in LTE. Prerequisites  List the major characteristics of OFDMA as used in the LTE  WIR241: UMTS Network and Protocol Architecture downlink.  WIR227: GPRS Infrastructure for IP Mobility  Explain how OFDMA solves the challenges of multipath, Corresponding Courses frequency-selective fading, and Doppler shift The following has corresponding information:  Justify the choice of SC-FDMA for the LTE uplink  ILT: Understanding LTE and SAE  List the major characteristics of SC-FDMA as used in the LTE uplink.  Sketch the architecture of LTE/SAE, identifying the major new infrastructure components and their functions  Order the message flow sequence for a mobile after powering up?  Order the message flow sequence for a mobile during handover  Compare and Contrast the use of GPRS and PMIP (Proxy Mobile IP) in SAE e-Digest Outline WIR331: UMTS Evolution to LTE/SAE Introduction to OFDM… continued WIR339: LTE Handover to 1xEV-DO  LTE (Long Term Evolution): UMTS  What's Orthogonal about OFDM?  Overview of the LTE to 1xEV-DO Active Evolution to 4G Radio Technology with  What's Different about OFDMA? Handover Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Key Radio Concepts for LTE  High Level Message Flow for LTE Network (E-UTRAN)  Multi-carrier Technology Handover to 1xEV-DO  SAE (System Architecture Evolution):  Adaptive Modulation and Coding  Summary UMTS Evolution to 4G Core Network WIR145: Cellular Evolution from 3G to 4G: A  Major Interfaces and Protocols  Orthagonality and Subcarriers Broad Overview  Overview of a Handover Scenario Using  Non Line of Sight (NLOS)  Overview of Cellular 3G to 4G Evolution GPRS Tunnel Re-routing  How OFDM Combats Multipath of 3G UMTS Radio to HSPA+ and LTE  Status of UMTS LTE/SAE Standards  Delay Spread and ISI Evolution of 3G 1xEV-DO Rev A Radio to EV-DO Rev B and LTE or Mobile Development and Deployment Plans  Frequency-Selective Fading WIR332: Fundamental LTE/SAE Operational WiMAX Scenarios and Message Flows  Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS)  Why OFDMA instead of CDMA for 4G  Using GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol)  Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) LTE and Mobile WiMAX? Antenna Systems  Mobile Power-Up and  IP Mobility in LTE and Mobile WiMAX Attach/Registration Scenario  Achieving Subcarrier Orthagonality  Network Infrastructure Evolution to LTE  New Service Request Scenario  OFDM Challenges  Network Infrastructure Evolution to  Handover Scenario (Intra-MME)  Doppler Impact on OFDM Mobile WiMAX WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA for  Optimizing Subcarrier Bandwidth  Summary LTE, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi WIR334: LTE and EPC Message Flows for  Why OFDM/OFDMA? Handover from LTE to 3G UMTS  Illustrating the Benefits of OFDM  Overview Multicarrier  Preparation Phase  How the DFT/FFT makes OFDM  Execution Phase Implementable

Description Today's communication marketplace is more dynamic than ever, with new communication mechanisms arising regularly that are truly changing the way that we access information and the way that we exchange information with one another. As users embrace these new forms of communication and information access, they want access to all their information, all the time, wherever they go. This trend is taking hold across both consumer and enterprise marketplaces. In this e-Digest we will explore communication convergence from the perspective of user wants and needs, and then present a three tiered model of the layers of convergence that ultimately enable new converged service such as Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) to be introduced into the marketplace. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Newcomers to the telecommunications field and The course has no corresponding courses. experienced professionals who want to understand the broad perspectives of convergence in today's Expected Outcomes communications networks. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Identify the primary goals of Fixed Mobile No suggested prerequisite TRA courses. Convergence  Discuss how convergence is taking place at several layers in today’s network  Appreciate the role of 3GPP in global Fixed Mobile Convergence standards  Describe the basic architectures and service attributes of Wi-Fi based and FemtoCells based Residential/Small Business FMC  Describe the basic architectural options for FMC in the enterprise e-Digest Outline NET291: Communications Convergence Primer  Introduction to Convergence  Convergence Model NET292 Fixed Mobile Convergence  Introduction to FMC  Residential/Small Business Solutions  Enterprise Solutions WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and OFDMA for LTE, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi  Why OFDM/OFDMA  Illustrating the Benefits of OFDM Multicarrier  How the DFT/FFT make OFDM Implementable  What's Orthogonal about OFDM?  Major Characteristics of OFDM and OFDMA as used in LTE, Mobile WiMAX, and Wi-Fi  What's Different about OFDMA?

IP Networks Curriculum Overview IP Networks are the fastest growing area of communications, being deployed in landline and wireless environments. TRA's IP Networks curriculum provides courses, which help students keep up with all the changes. Courses found within this curriculum offer broad and deep coverage of IP technologies and networks such as TCP/IP, IP routing, the basics IP networking, details of VPNs, MPLS, Quality of Service, Voice over IP, IP Mobility, e-Commerce, IP Security and IPv6. Any professional desiring a good understanding of the technology reshaping the communications industry, will want to investigate the courses within TRA's IP Networks curriculum.

IP Networks Curriculum e-Digests Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry Understanding IP Telephony Signaling Understanding Voice over IP Understanding SIP Understanding the Basics of Data Communications See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum Understanding Home Networking Understanding IP Networking and VPNs Understanding Network Security Understanding IP Routing Protocols Understanding IP Access and Backbone Understanding TCP/IP Understanding IPv6 Understanding Emerging IP Technologies Understanding Quality of Service See the product page found in the Core Networks Curriculum

Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Estimated Learning Time Industry™ 7 hours

Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: NET207

Description The aim of this course is to provide ICT personnel with an understanding of the need for telecommunications in the smart grid, the standards and technologies available to satisfy that need and the resulting business opportunities for the ICT industry. The course is in two parts: Part 1 focuses on the transmission and distribution networks, Part 2 focuses on distributed energy resources and the customer interface. We first clarify the many business drivers for smart grid implementation, which enables us to identify the features that are particularly important to implement. We then describe the ICT applications that are useful in the smart grid and the standards available for their implementation, dividing the grid into 4 areas: transmission, distribution, distributed energy resources and the customer interface. In the transmission network we cover inter-control center communications, and the Common Information Model, CIM. In the distribution network we focus on IEC 61850 for substation automation. We then address the convergence of CIM and IEC 61850 to provide a standard for electric power enterprise wide operations, IEC 61968. The deployment of Distributed Energy Resources, DERs in the distribution network is a major shift for the electric power industry, making that network bidirectional. We describe the role of ICT in controlling DERs, including standards specific to wind, hydro and electric vehicles. In addition to controlling the supply of power, the distribution network plays an important role in controlling demand, through demand side management. We describe standards including Open Automated Demand Response for business customers and the Advanced Metering Infrastructure for residential customers. Implications for QoS and transport over TCP, UDP, IP and Ethernet are described. The course concludes with an analysis of ICT business opportunities in the smart grid divided by hardware, software and systems integration with the associated timelines. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses ICT Engineers and Designers, System Architects and There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. Engineers, Technical Sales personnel, and Business Expected Outcomes Managers in the ICT industry concerned with the Smart The student will be able to understand the ICT needs of the Grid. electric power industry to facilitate the implementation of the Prerequisites smart grid, the ICT standards and technologies available to Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: None meet those needs and how their deployment translates into business opportunities for the ICT industry. e-Digest Outline NET205: Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry Part 1  Overview  Business Drivers  ICT Applications  ICT in the Transmission Network  ICT in the Distribution Network NET206: Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry Part 2  Overview  ICT for Distributed Energy Resources  ICT for Commercial/Industrial Customers  ICT for Residential Customers  ICT Opportunities in the Smart Grid

Description Voice over IP (VoIP) is rapidly changing the wired and wireless communications infrastructures. This set of e-Topics covers the major paradigm shifts; occurring in the network infrastructures as offering telephony services migrates from circuit to packet. Students receive an understanding of how call control is provided, VoIP is being deployed; and how wired and wireless VoIP networks interwork with the PSTN. Students are introduced to the technologies making it possible, and learn how to address implementation issues. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who need to understand the alternatives for call The following has corresponding information: control in VoIP networks.  ILT: Understanding Voice Over IP Prerequisites  ILT: Understanding SIP Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Expected Outcomes  NET220: Understanding TCP/IP Upon completion of this course, the student should  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data understand: Communications  The alternatives for call control in VoIP networks  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Why certain options may be preferred over others Communications  How VoIP networks interwork with circuit switched networks for call control e-Digest Outline VOP102: VoIP Industry Overview VOP204: VoIP Call Control: SIP VOP221: VoIP and Softswitch Basics  A Brief History  SIP  VoIP in Carrier Networks  Voice over IP VOP202: VoIP Interworking with the  VoIP Enterprise Networks  Carrier Scenarios PSTN  Residential VoIP Services  New Service Examples  PSTN Overview  VoIP Challenges and Hurdles  VoFR and ATM  H.323 - SS7 Interworking  Softswitches  Some Issues  SIP - SS7 Interworking WIR301: IMS Primer VOP103: Transport Protocols for  MEGACO - SS7 Interworking VoIP  Other Issues  TCP/IP Definitions SIG215: SS7 for Wireless and Voice  IP Addressing / Routing over IP  Transmission Control Protocol  Mobile Applications Part  User Datagram Protocol  Wireless Roaming  Real-Time Services  Call Control for VoIP VOP104: Overview of Designing a  Evolution of SS7 for VoIP VoIP Network  General Business  Building a VoIP Network  Making a Call VOP201: VoIP Call Control: H.323 and MEGACO  H.323 Functions and Components  MEGACO  Comparisons and Evolution

Description The tremendous increase in data, voice, and video traffic across the network, combined with the incredible success of the Internet, is affecting the communications industry as a whole. Voice over IP (VoIP) is rapidly changing the telecommunications infrastructure. This collection of e-Topics covers the major paradigm shifts; occurring in the network infrastructure as offering telephony services migrates from circuit to packet. Students receive an understanding of how VoIP is being deployed, are introduced to the technologies making it possible, and learn how to address implementation and quality of service issues. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students looking to understand how VoIP is reshaping the The following has corresponding information: communications industry.  ILT: Understanding Voice Over IP Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: A  Understand the protocols, how calls are made, Technical Introduction interworking with PSTN, and key challenges  Describe VoIP equipment and their capabilities  Relate VoIP to business needs and expectations e-Digest Outline VOP102: VoIP Industry Overview VOP201: VoIP Call Control: H.323 and VOP207: Voice over IP  A Brief History MEGACO Challenges  Voice over IP  H.323 Functions and Components  Residential VoIP  Carrier Scenarios  MEGACO  Enhanced 911  New Service Examples  Comparisons and Evolution (E911) and Legal  VoFR and ATM VOP204: VoIP Call Control: SIP Intercept  Some Issues  SIP  Security Risks VOP103: Transport Protocols for VoIP VOP202: VoIP Interworking with the PSTN and Solutions  TCP/IP Definitions  PSTN Overview VOP222: Softswitch  IP Addressing / Routing  H.323 - SS7 Interworking Motivation and  Transmission Control Protocol  SIP - SS7 Interworking Architecture  User Datagram Protocol  MEGACO - SS7 Interworking  Deploying Softswitches  Real-Time Services  Other Issues VOP104: Overview of Designing a VoIP VOP221: VoIP and Softswitch Basics  Softswitch Network  VoIP in Carrier Networks Architecture  General Business  VoIP Enterprise Networks  Implementing Softswitch  Building a VoIP Network  Residential VoIP Services  Making a Call  VoIP Challenges and Hurdles VOP203: Basics of Voice Coding and Delay  Softswitches  Speech Coding and Compression VOP206: Voice over IP for the Enterprise  Impacts of Delay  Market Drivers for VoIP  Network Architectures  Standards and Services  VoIP Challenges

Description After presenting an overview of the importance of Session Initiation Protocol for providing IP-based communications services such as VoIP, email, instant messaging, and others this set of e-Topics explain SIP's fundamental capabilities and why SIP has become a dominant network control protocol. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who have a basic knowledge of TCP/IP and VoIP, The following has corresponding information: and desire a detailed, technical understanding of the  ILT: Understanding SIP Session Initiation Protocol. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Understand the characteristics of the SIP protocol  NET220: Understanding TCP/IP and how it supports IP based communications  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Describe SIP's interworking with other networks Communications and protocols  Identify possible deployment issues and ways to address  Explain why SIP has become a dominant network control protocol, and highlight its likely evolution e-Digest Outline SIP101: SIP Overview and Applications SIP105: SIP Message Flows and Procedures  SIP  Transactions, Dialogues, and Sessions SIP103: SIP Servers  SIP Session Examples  Server Types  Message Reliability, and Timers  Registration SIP107: SIP Extensions  Locating SIP Servers  Message Attachments SIP104: SIP Messages  Presence Information  SIP Requests  Call Control Service Options  SIP Responses  SIP Detailed Call Example

Description This set of e-Topics highlights the variety of the technologies consumers use for communications and networking. Included in this set of courses are access technologies such as the variants of DSL, Fiber to the Premise, and Ethernet, as well as wireless LANs, personal area networks, emerging cellular, broadband wireless, and Voice over IP. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who want a general overview of the access There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. technologies used for communications and networking by Expected Outcomes consumers. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand the different access technologies used Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: by consumers  NET220: Understanding TCP/IP  Explain different variants of each access o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data technologies used by consumers for Communications communication and networking e-Digest Outline CAT102: Alternative Access WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless WIR262: 802.11 (Wi-Fi) Physical Technologies  IEEE 802 Series of Wireless Layers  Digital Subscriber Line Option o Overview of the IEEE  Radio Attributes  Cable Architecture for Voice, 802 Standards  802.11 Physical Layers Data, and Video Services o Wireless Market WIR283: Overview of 802.15  Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks Opportunities Personal Area Networks  802.16 WiMAX Technology o Licensed and  Overview of Wireless Personal  Broadband over Power lines Unlicensed Frequency Area Networks, WPANs WIR144: Emerging Cellular Networks Bands  802.15.1 Blue Tooth  Evolution of the CDMA2000  Interworking Among IEEE 802  802.15.3 High Rate WPAN and UMTS Technology Family Wireless Standards  802.15.4 Low Power WPAN Standards o Coexistence WIR284: Overview of 802.xx  Services Offered by State of o IEEE 802 Working Broadband Wireless Access the Art Cell phone Carriers Group Activity  1. 802.16 Fixed and Mobile  Potential new Cell phone o 802.21 Handoff Working MANs services pioneered in other Group o 802.16 Overview countries WIR282: Overview of 802.11 Wireless o 802.16 Fixed WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile LANs Broadband Wireless Users  Overview of 802.11 Wireless Access  Portability vs. Full Mobility LANs o 802.16e Mobile  Simple IP  802.11 Physical Layers Broadband Wireless  Security Issues  Connecting to an 802.11 Access VOP219: Residential VoIP Wireless LAN o WiMAX Forum  Residential VoIP Services  Security  2. 802.20 Mobile Broadband  VoIP Challenges and Hurdles WIR161: Overview of 802.11 Wireless Wireless Access VOP207: Voice over IP Challenges LAN Operations o Overview  Residential VoIP  Architecture Components o Physical Layer  Enhanced 911 (E911) and  Hidden Node Problems  3. 802.22 Wireless Regional Legal Intercept  W-Fi Interoperability Testing Area Network  Security Risks and Solutions WIR261: Wi-Fi Medium Access o Overview Control o License Exempt Status  Scanning, Authentication, of 802.22 Association o Network Architecture  Operational Scenarios VOP211: Broadband VoIP for the  Handling Contention Home  MAC Frame Structure

Description This collection of e-Topics describes the important underlying functionality provided by the Internet Protocol (IP) suite in support of IP-Virtual Private Networks (IP-VPNs). Increasingly, businesses are deploying IP-VPNs to provide a single, global network for exchanging data, fax, voice and multimedia. This collection of courses explores the use of the IP suite as a means of integrating data and voice, the performance and security issues surrounding IP networks and applications, and the alternative architectures for implementing VPNs, including the use of Mutli-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS). Students looking to understand how IP works over Wide Area Networks (WANs) and Local Area Networks (LANs) in support of VPNs, both private and public implementations, will find these courses a good match. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students wanting a good understanding of how IP works The following has corresponding information: over Wide Area Networks (WANs) and Local Area  ILT: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs Networks (LANs), private and public implementations, and Expected Outcomes network security. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Apply the layered protocol model to different Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: products and services  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Identify IP-VPNs opportunities Communications e-Digest Outline NET101: Basics of the Internet and Internet Protocols NET114: Virtual Private Network Implementation  TCP/IP Definitions Options  IP Addressing and Routing  Outsourcing the Enterprise Network  Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)  VPN Solutions  User Datagram Protocol (UDP)  Additional Cost Components NET111: VPN Overview and Classification  Implementing the VPN  VPN Definition NET151: Why MPLS?  VPN Service Architecture  Reduced Carrier Operation Costs  VPN Technical Architecture  ATM Backbone Scalability NET112: Overview of VoIP and QoS for VPNs  Quality of Service  VoIP Technology and Service Providers  Traffic Engineering  Basic of QOS  VPN Services  Differentiated Services  Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)  MPLS Components  MPLS Network Components  MPLS Applications NET113: Overview of IP Security  The Risk of Attack  Packet Filters/Proxy Servers  Protecting Data with Cryptography  VPN Tunneling  Authentication for Identification  Certification for Secure Authentication

Description This set of e-Topics provides describes the different types of internal and external attacks that may occur over wired and wireless networks. The e-Topics also introduce the various technologies and techniques for protecting against them. The e-Digest provides basic descriptions of firewalls, encryption, tunneling, digital certificates, authentication, security keys, and secure access for Mobile IP. Students who want to participate in security discussions with users, services providers, and hardware/software vendors will find this course provides the information enabling their doing so. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who want to understand the goals and The following has corresponding information: implementation options for how to protect networks against  ILT: Understanding Network Security internal and external intercept, intrusion, and deception. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Understand the possible security challenges  NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs  Explain the implementation options  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications e-Digest Outline NET113: Overview of IP Security WIR254: Mobile IP for CDMA2000  The Risk of Attack  Mobile IP Overview  Packet Filters/Proxy Servers  Mobile IP in Depth  Protecting Data with Cryptography  VPN Tunneling  Authentication for Identification  Certification for Secure Authentication SEC105: WLAN Security  Overview of Built-in 802.11 Security Measures  Common WLAN Attack Methods and Tools  Defending WLANs from Attack WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users  Portability vs. Full Mobility  Simple IP  Security Issues

Description Internet Protocol Routers use specialized routing protocols to communicate information on network topology, reach-ability, and status. This set of e-Topics provides a quick but thorough understanding of routing protocol vocabulary, operations, and choices. Answers are provided for how routing tables are constructed and used to forward data. The courses on routing protocols describe the main routing protocols of Open Shortest Path First, Intermediate-System-to-Intermediate System, and Border Gateway Protocols. The most-specialized routing course is Multicast routing protocols. This set of courses provides a complete introduction to routing protocols, and fundamentals on operation. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who desire detailed technical knowledge of The following has corresponding information: different routing protocols in use in IP networks.  ILT: Understanding TCP/IP Prerequisites  ILT: Understanding IPv6 Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Expected Outcomes  DAT110: Understanding theBasics of Data Upon completion of this course, the student should Communications understand:  How different routing protocols are used to maintain and update routing information within and between IP networks, including OSPF, RIP, IS-IS, and BGP e-Digest Outline NET102: IP Routers and Routing  Introduction to Routing  Layer 3 Protocols that accompany IP: ICMP and ARP  IP Addressing, Subnetting, and Broadcasting  IP Addressing Issues and Solutions: CIDR, VLSM, Route Summarization, NAT, and IPv6 NET202: Introduction to Routing Protocols  Common Traits of all Routing Protocols  Routing Information Protocol  OSPF Protocol  IS-IS Protocol  BGP Protocol NET203: Multicast Routing in IP Networks  IP Multicast Introduction  IP Multicast Classification and Applications  IP Multicast Routing Protocols  Multicast Routing Protocols  Sample Carriers Offering Multicast NET264: Multicast for IPTV  Overview and Addressing  Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)  Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

Description This set of e-Topics presents traditional and emerging network access technologies for residences and businesses, and presents one of the fastest growing segments of communications - Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). VPN Implementation options, architectures, technologies, and applications are described. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who desire an overview of the different The following has corresponding information: technologies to access IP networks and the general  ILT: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs architecture of IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, the student should Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: understand:  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Different IP Access technologies, including DSL, Communications Cable, WiFi, and WiMAX, as well as the basic architecture for backbone IP VPNs e-Digest Outline CAT102: Alternative Access Technologies  Digital Subscriber Line Option  Cable Architecture for Voice, Data, and Video Services  Wi-Fi or 802.11 Networks  802.16 WiMAX Technology  Broadband over Power lines NET111: VPN Overview and Classification  VPN Definition  VPN Service Architecture  VPN Technical Architecture NET114: Virtual Private Network Implementation Options  Outsourcing the Enterprise Network  VPN Solutions  Additional Cost Components  Implementing the VPN

Description This set of e-Topics provides a technical overview of the Internet Protocol suite commonly known as TCP/IP. TCP/IP is the underlying protocol suite used for the Internet, IP Virtual Private Networks (IP-VPNs), and Voice over IP (VoIP). Students will be able to evaluate and explain the potential communications opportunities TCP/IP presents after taking these courses. Given that IP network has quickly become the most prevalent form of global communications, students will want to have a firm grasp of the technology and issues. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students desiring to understand the role of the TCP/IP The following has corresponding information: protocol suite when connecting to and using the Internet.  ILT: Understanding TCP/IP Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Clearly understand, evaluate, explain TCP/IP and Communications the potential communications opportunities it presents e-Digest Outline NET101: Basics of the Internet and Internet Protocols NET223: Transmission Control Protocol  TCP/IP Definitions  Application Address  IP Addressing and Routing  TCP VC Setup  Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) NET224: User Datagram Protocol  User Datagram Protocol (UDP)  UDP Introduction and Protocol NET221: IP Addressing and Routing  Application Example  Symbolic and Numeric Addressing NET225: TCP/IP: Related Protocols and Applications  IP Packet Switching  Electronic Mail  Aggregator ISPs  HTTP and HTML  URLs  SNMP  IPv6 Addressing  ICMP NET222: Internet Protocol  IP Draft Definition  Why Connectionless?  IPv4 Protocol  IPv6 Protocol

Description IPv4 has been used in public and private networks for over 25 years, steadily supporting the growth of the Internet and a growing list of applications. But IPv4 is straining to keep abreast with the size of networks and the broader range of new service requirements. IPv6 has been designed to specifically address these requirements and is moving into the mainstream via widespread development across products and growing network deployments. This e-Digest details the new capabilities of IPv6, including new headers, procedures and address formats. With a change in IP also comes a change in companion protocols such as DHCP, DNS and ICMP. These changes are described and illustrated with examples. With the growth of wireless access technologies, mobility is a key capability for IP, and this e-Digest shows how IPv6 supports this important area. The challenges and alternative solutions for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 are also discussed. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students in technical positions looking to understand the The following has corresponding information: role of IPv6 in emerging IP Networks.  ILT: Understanding IPv6 Prerequisites Expected Outcomes  NET220: Understanding TCP/IP Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data  Clearly understand, evaluate, and explain the use Communications of IPv6 and the potential communications opportunities it presents e-Digest Outline NET121: Introduction to IPv6  Overview of IPv6  Motivation for a New Version of IP  Deployment of IPv6 NET122: IPv6 Headers  IPv6 Header Fields  Extension Headers  IPv6 Packet Considerations NET123: IPv6 Addressing  Address Format  Unicast Addresses  Anycast and Multicast Addresses  Assigning Addresses NET124: IPv6 Companion Protocols: ICMP, DNS, and DHCP  ICMPv6 Basics  ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery  ICMPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery  DNS and DHCP NET125: IPv6 Mobility  Mobile IP Basics  Bidirectional Tunneling  Route Optimization NET126: Transition from IPv4 to IPv6  Basics of Transition  Tunneling Techniques  Translation Techniques  Other Transition Issues

Description Users' increasing demand for easy and ubiquitous access, integrated and interactive voice, data and video services, and service providers' increasing demand for interoperability and lower costs, contribute to the IP technology revolution. This set of e-Topics highlights the technologies having the greatest impact on end-to-end IP wired and wireless networks. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who have a basic knowledge of Internet Protocol There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. and desire to understand new technologies supporting or Expected Outcomes evolving IP. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand new technologies that are enhancing Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: IP networks or extending the Internet Protocol  NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications e-Digest Outline NET150: Overview of MPLS VOP207: Voice over IP Challenges  MPLS Overview  Residential VoIP  MPLS Components  Enhanced 911 (E911) and Legal Intercept  MPLS Operation  Security Risks and Solutions  MPLS Label Distribution WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users  MPLS Applications  Portability vs. Full Mobility NET111: VPN Overview and Classification  Simple IP  VPN Definition  Security Issues  VPN Service Architecture VOP221: VoIP and Softswitch Basics  VPN Technical Architecture  VoIP in Carrier Networks NET112: Overview of VoIP and QoS for VPNs  VoIP Enterprise Networks  VoIP Technology and Service Providers  Residential VoIP Services  Basic of QOS  VoIP Challenges and Hurdles  Diffserv  Softswitches  Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) NET121: Introduction to IPv6  MPLS Components  Overview of IPv6  MPLS Network Components  Motivation for a New Version of IP  MPLS Applications  Deployment of IPv6 NET113: Overview of IP Security  The Risk of Attack  Packet Filters/Proxy Servers  Protecting Data with Cryptography  VPN Tunneling  Authentication for Identification  Certification for Secure Authentication

Emerging Technologies Curriculum Overview No doubt about it - new communications and networking technology are always emerging. The Internet is changing the way applications are used, and the insatiable appetite for mobility and bandwidth never wanes. Industry consolidation is picking up speed with company mergers increasing demand for network interworking and security. Keeping abreast of the changes can be daunting. TRA's highly-acclaimed Emerging Technologies courses help sort through the complexity of changes. Emerging Technologies courses are the most frequently updated, so even students having taken ET courses in prior years will learn from exciting new information.

Emerging Technologies Curriculum e-Digests Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies Understanding Emerging IP Technologies Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Industry Understanding Cloud Computing

Understanding Emerging Broadband Technologies™ Estimated Learning Time 32 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: EBT201

Understanding Emerging IP Technologies™ Estimated Learning Time 12 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: EIP210

Description Users' increasing demand for easy and ubiquitous access, integrated and interactive voice, data and video services, and service providers' increasing demand for interoperability and lower costs, contribute to the IP technology revolution. This set of e-Topics highlights the technologies having the greatest impact on end-to-end IP wired and wireless networks. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who have a basic knowledge of Internet Protocol There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. and desire to understand new technologies supporting or Expected Outcomes evolving IP. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand new technologies that are enhancing Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: IP networks or extending the Internet Protocol  NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs o DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications e-Digest Outline NET150: Overview of MPLS VOP207: Voice over IP Challenges  MPLS Overview  Residential VoIP  MPLS Components  Enhanced 911 (E911) and Legal Intercept  MPLS Operation  Security Risks and Solutions  MPLS Label Distribution WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users  MPLS Applications  Portability vs. Full Mobility NET111: VPN Overview and Classification  Simple IP  VPN Definition  Security Issues  VPN Service Architecture VOP221: VoIP and Softswitch Basics  VPN Technical Architecture  VoIP in Carrier Networks NET112: Overview of VoIP and QoS for VPNs  VoIP Enterprise Networks  VoIP Technology and Service Providers  Residential VoIP Services  Basic of QoS  VoIP Challenges and Hurdles  Diffserv  Softswitches  Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) NET121: Introduction to IPv6  MPLS Components  Overview of IPv6  MPLS Network Components  Motivation for a New Version of IP  MPLS Applications  Deployment of IPv6 NET113: Overview of IP Security  The Risk of Attack  Packet Filters/Proxy Servers  Protecting Data with Cryptography  VPN Tunneling  Authentication for Identification  Certification for Secure Authentication

Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™ Estimated Learning Time 25 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: EWT230

Description Today, the megatrends of wireless communications and the Internet are revolutionizing voice and data communications. Wireless technology has become ubiquitous for voice applications, and is becoming the access technology of choice for data applications. As result, the development of new radio technologies and network elements that; offer new services and service possibilities. This set of courses was designed with a focus on the major technologies that have been deployed, as well as those likely to be deployed within the next one to three years; such as the two major 3G cellular technologies, UMTS/W-CDMA and CDMA2000 and their evolution to 4G, as well as the 802 wireless technologies, including WiMAX. While other courses provide in-depth coverage of major technology steps, this set of courses is presented as a technology overview so students have a sense of the complex evolutionary paths in a simplified and abbreviated format. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Newcomers to the field and experienced professionals who The following has corresponding information: want to learn the broad perspectives of wireless  ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless communications. Technologies Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Understand and appreciate some of the new Communications wireless technologies being deployed and those on  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data the horizon Communications  Gain insight on how these technologies are related to each other, and their possible impact on the overall wireless marketplace e-Digest Outline WIR143: Cellular Evolution from 2G WIR282: Overview of 802.11 Wireless WIR291: Intro to Broadband Wireless to 3G: A Broad Overview LANs and 802.16 WiMAX  Cellular Evolution from 2G to  Overview of 802.11 Wireless  WiMAX and Broadband 3G LANs Wireless Technologies  W-CDMA/UMTS  802.11 Physical Layers  WiMAX Market Opportunities  CDMA2000 Evolution to 3G  Connecting to an 802.11  Licensed and Licensed-Exempt  3G Evolution Summary Wireless LAN Spectrum WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless  Security  The WiMAX Forum  IEEE 802 Series of Wireless WIR283: Overview of 802.15 Personal WIR292: 802.16 WiMAX Physical  Interworking Among IEEE 802 Area Networks Layer Wireless Standards  Overview of Wireless Personal  WiMAX Protocol Stack WIR201: FemtoCells: A Mobile Area Networks, WPANs  Non-Line-Of-Sight Capability Network Operator Perspective  802.15.1 Blue Tooth  Why OFDM?  Context  802.15.3 High Rate WPAN  WiMAX 256 OFDM  Business Perspective  802.15.4 Low Power WPAN Characteristics  Network Architecture WIR284: Overview of 802.xx  WiMAX Performance  Access Broadband Wireless Access WIR331: UMTS Evolution to LTE/SAE  Interference  802.16 Fixed and Mobile MANs  UMTS Evolution of the Radio  QoS and Performance  802.20 Mobile Broadband Access Network (E-UTRAN) Wireless Access  SAE Evolution of the Core  802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network Network  Architecture and Major Protocols

Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless™ Estimated Learning Time 26 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: WIR280

Description Analysts estimate that at least 45% of the workforce uses a mobile data device, such as a notebook or PDA, as a productivity tool. This set of courses describes and contrast the different IEEE 802 Wireless technologies and standards. For instance, the courses identify how the IEEE standards for 802.11 and 802.15.1 Bluetooth are being used for deploying Wireless Local Area Networks, and Wireless Personal Area Networks, respectively. Technologies such as provided by 802.15.4 ZigBee for large sensor networks, and 802.16 WiMAX for fixed/portable and mobile broadband wireless access and Metropolitan Area Networks are also explained. These courses provide an excellent overview for students wanting to understand the 802 technologies and their applications. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Forward-looking designers, product planners and network The following has corresponding information: operators who need a solid understanding of the existing  ILT: Understanding 802 Wireless Standards and emerging IEEE wireless standards. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Suggested prerequisite TRA courses:  Understand the radio technologies and techniques  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless being deployed in emerging 802 wireless networks Communications  Describe and contrast IEEE wireless standards  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data including 802.11 LAN, 802.15 PAN, and 802.16 Communications MAN  Discuss the major applications for each of these standards and explain how the standards meet their requirements e-Digest Outline WIR281: Overview of 802 Wireless WIR283: Overview of 802.15 Personal WIR295: Overview of IEEE 802.16e  IEEE 802 Series of Wireless Area Networks Extensions for Mobile WiMAX  Interworking Among IEEE 802  Overview of Wireless Personal  Mobile WiMAX Physical Layer Wireless Standards Area Networks, WPANs  Scalable OFDM and OFDMA WIR282: Overview of 802.11 Wireless  802.15.1 Blue Tooth  Subchannels on DL and UL for LANs  802.15.3 High Rate WPAN Greater Efficiency  Overview of 802.11 Wireless  802.15.4 Low Power WPAN  OFDMA vs. OFDM LANs WIR284: Overview of 802.xx  Handover Procedures  802.11 Physical Layers Broadband Wireless Access  Sleep and Idle Modes for  Connecting to an 802.11  802.16 Fixed and Mobile MANs Extended Battery Life Wireless LAN  802.22 Wireless Regional Area  Enhanced Channel Estimation  Security Network  Subchannelization in More WIR161: Overview of 802.11 Wireless WIR291: Intro to Broadband Wireless Detail LAN Operations and 802.16 WiMAX WIR335: Introduction to OFDM and  Architecture Components  WiMAX and Broadband OFDMA for LTE, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi  Hidden Node Problems Wireless Technologies  Why OFDM/OFDMA  W-Fi Interoperability Testing  WiMAX Market Opportunities  Illustrating the Benefits of WIR261: Wi-Fi Medium Access  Licensed and Licensed-Exempt OFDM Multicarrier Control Spectrum  How the DFT/FFT make OFDM  Scanning, Authentication,  The WiMAX Forum Implementable Association WIR292: 802.16 WiMAX 256 OFDM  What's Orthogonal about  Operational Scenarios Physical Layer OFDM?  Handling Contention  WiMAX Protocol Stack  Major Characteristics of OFDM  MAC Frame Structure  Non-Line-Of-Sight Capability and OFDMA as used in LTE,  Why OFDM? Mobile WiMAX, and Wi-Fi  WiMAX 256 OFDM Characteristics  What's Different about  WiMAX Performance OFDMA?

Smart Grid: Business Opportunities for the Telecommunications Estimated Learning Time Industry™ 7 hours

Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: NET207

Understanding Cloud Computing™ Estimated Learning Time 5 hours Training Format: e-Digest Course Code: NET170

Description Cloud Computing may be the latest buzzword, but based on the money being spent on Cloud Computing Services and the technologies to provide them, it seems unlikely to be a passing fad. Services from basic storage to network-based “virtual” desktop applications are now advertised as Cloud Computing Services. What is it? What isn’t it? This class will cut through the hype and describe what is meant by Cloud Computing from both a business and technical perspective. The e- Digest explains the architectures and services of various implementations and the technologies required to deploy them. e-Digest is Designed for Corresponding Courses Design for the student who needs a general knowledge of There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. what is meant by Cloud Computing. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Student should have a clear understanding of the terms Suggested prerequisite TRA courses: None commonly used in the industry. The student should be able to explain the motivations and the risks of adopting Cloud Computing. e-Digest Outline NET171: Introduction to Cloud Computing  Overview  Definition of Cloud Computing  Motivations to Adopt Cloud Computing  Risks of Cloud Computing  Industry Outlook NET172: Cloud Computing Architectures Overview  SPI (Software, Platform, Infrastructure) Service Model  Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS  Platform as a Service (PaaS)  Software as a Service (SaaS)  Network Deployment Architectures  Public Clouds  Private Clouds  Hybrid Clouds

NET173: Cloud Computing Technical Requirements and Solutions  Quality of Service (QoS)  Security  Management

Our best-of-the-industry faculty delivers TRA's Instructor-Led Training. Having real-world practical experience, being eloquent and effective communicators, TRA's instructors tailor their course delivery by incorporating the latest industry development from around the world, and the needs of attending students. Course books are printed just prior to course delivery incorporating the most up-to- date information and requests. Time after time, student feedback indicates the quality of TRA's Instructor-Led courses is excellent and exceeded expectations.

All courses found in TRA's Instructor-Led Library are available for private training. Private courses can be tailored to meet the specific needs of customers' organizations and are designed to be an extension of their internal curriculum. Customers designate the location for course delivery. TRA also serves global accounts internationally.

Our instructor-led courses are available for Private courses in one-day, two-day and four-day formats. Check with your TRA representative for more information on how TRA can tailor our instructor-led courses for your organization.

Network Fundamentals Curriculum Overview TRA's Network Fundamentals courses provide an introduction to a broad set of communications and networking topics relative to voice, data and video movement over wired, wireless or fiber networks. Courses found within this curriculum serve as a prerequisite for more advanced courses found within other TRA Curricula and therefore may also be found within their respective technology-specific curriculum. Fundamentals courses are well suited for new members to the industry or those wanting to brush up "on the basics".

Network Fundamentals Curriculum Courses Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks Understanding the Basics of Data Communications Understanding Voice Communications: A Technical Introduction Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications Understanding the Basics of Voice, Data, and Wireless Networks

77 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This course provides a background on communications networks including terminology, industry overview, technology evolution, capabilities and services offered in today's telecommunications networks. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students looking for a broad overview of the technologies There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. and services offered in today's telecommunications Expected Outcomes networks. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand the fundamentals of wireline and This course lays an excellent foundation for other TRA wireless networks for both voice and data courses, including more advanced courses found in TRA's: applications There are no prerequisites for this title.  Describe the current network infrastructure  Identify terminology and key industry players  Discuss new directions the industry is taking from both a technological and business perspective  Understand how network evolution continues to evolve in support new services Course Outline Course Introduction and Overview Wireless Communications  Key Wireless Technical Concepts Telephony Network Basics  Digital Cellular: CDMA, TDMA and GSM  Key Components of a Telecommunications Network  Key Digital Multiple Access Technologies  Loops, Lines, Trunks, and Private Branch Exchange  Wireless Data: SMS, Cellular, 802.11 (PBX) Trunks  Third Generation Wireless  Numbering Plans Fast Packet Services  Industry Structure  Fast Packet Fundamentals  Typical Network Services  Frame Relay (FR) Transmission Systems  Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)  Nature of Sound  Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)  Time Division Multiplexing and T1 Carriers  Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)  Network Access, DSL, and ISDN Customer-Owned Systems  Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)  Voice Premises Cornerstone - PBX  CATV and Electric Utilities Use of Full-Duplex  Data Premises Cornerstones - Router Systems  Customer Premises Wiring Switching  Voice over IP (VoIP)  Switching System Types  Switching Hierarchies and Network Routing  Switching Technologies  Network Design Fundamentals Network Control  User-to-Network Signaling  Network Signaling

78 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding the Basics of Data Communications™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This course is designed to provide the foundational knowledge required for understanding modern data networks. Introductory information is provided, including technology definitions, so students with little or no technical knowledge will easily comprehend. The historical perspective necessary to understand how and why a technology evolved to its present rate of acceptance is also provided. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Marketing or executive groups desiring more familiarity with The following has corresponding information: data communications equipment or professionals new to  DAT110: Understanding the Basics of Data the telecommunications and/or networking fields who are Communications e-Digest unfamiliar with data communications equipment or data Expected Outcomes transmission systems. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Explain the industry's need for data networks, how This course lays an excellent foundation for other TRA they evolved, operate, and offer services courses, including more advanced courses found in TRA's:  Gain an understanding of modern techniques There are no prerequisites for this title.  Make useful assessments of the current status and identify probable future network composition Course Outline Course Introduction Business and Residential Access to Wide Area  Course Outline and Objectives Networks (WANs)  Evolution of Data Communications  Dial-up Access Basic Concepts and Transmission of Data  Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)  Digital Information Fundamentals  Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)  Frames, Cells, and Packets  Cable Modems  Types of Network Media  Wireless  Basics of Protocols WANs  Circuit and Packet Networks  Private Line  Data Compression and Encryption  Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and  Multiplexing Methods and Techniques Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Benefits of Layers  Packet Networks  Comparative Models: OSI and TCP/IP The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets  Layers 1-3: Physical, Data Link, and Network Layers  Internet Architecture and Developments Local Area Networks (LANs)  Internet Service Providers (ISPs)  LAN Components  Multimedia Services  Client / Server  Intranets and Extranets  Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI  Virtual Private Networks  Hubs, Switches, and Routers Network Case Study  Simple Network Management Protocol

79 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding Voice Communications: A Technical Introduction™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This course provides background on communications networks including terminology, industry overview, technology evolution, capabilities and services offered in today's telecommunications networks. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals who wish to understand The following has corresponding information: the fundamentals of switching, signaling or transmission.  TEL210: Understanding Voice Communications: a This course will enhance students' ability to explain difficult Technical Introduction e-Digest concepts and identify and compare competitive Expected Outcomes technologies. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand the fundamentals of switching, There are no prerequisites for this title. signaling, and transmission  Identify the major components of telephony networks  Identify and compare competitive technologies Course Outline Course Introduction Speech Coding  Course Overview  Digital in the Network  Course Objectives  Analog-to-Digital Conversion  Course Outline  Pulse Code Modulation Telephony Network Basics  a-Law Coding and Mu-Law Coding  Key Components  Compression  Loops, Lines, Trunks, and Private Branch Exchange  Linear Predictive Coding (PBX) Switching  The Industry's Structure  System Types  Typical Network Services  Hierarchies and Network Routing Transmission Systems  Technologies  The Nature of Sound  Softswitch  Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and T1 Carrier Network Control  Digital Network Evolution  Types of Signaling  Network Access, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL),  User-to-Network and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)  Network-to-Network o Signaling System Number 7 (SS7) o Local Number Portability (LNP) o Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)  Private Networks

80 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This course examines advanced digital wireless technologies including cellular radio and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). An overview of the principles of radio and multiple access technologies such as GSM and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA); frequency reuse in cellular networks; cellular system architecture; high-speed wireless data, Internet, Wireless Local Area Networks; and Third Generation (3G) and Fourth Generation (4G) cellular technologies, are also included. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Newcomers to the field and experienced professionals who The following has corresponding information: want to learn the broad perspectives of wireless  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless communications. Communications e-Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes This course is an excellent foundation for other TRA Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: courses.  Understand the principles of cellular radio  Appreciate the problems faced by cellular and other radio-based service providers and how to address issues associated with the deployment of multiple access technologies  Discuss probable future directions Course Outline Course Introduction Radio Frequency (RF) Access Techniques  Course Outline and Objectives  Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)  History of Wireless  Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Electromagnetic Energy and Propagation  Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)  Electromagnetic Waves and Spectrum  2G Comparison and US Operating Frequency  Loss, Gain, and The Decibel (dB) Bands  Antennas and Propagation Evolution of Cellular to 3G and 4G  Radio Transmission, Interference and Noise  Data Evolution in 2G Networks Fundamentals of Radio Systems  3G Overview (UMTS and CDMA2000)  Basic Radio Communications  Femtocells  Digital Radio Basics  Overview (LTE, UMB, and Mobile WiMAX)  Fundamentals of Modulation Wireless Local Area Networks Cellular System Fundamentals  Wireless 802.11 Wi-Fi LANs  Frequency Re-Use and System Capacity  OFDM Technology in 802.11  Cellular System Architecture  802.11n and MIMO  Cellular Handoff  Bluetooth Technology Network Aspects of Cellular Systems Summary  Making and Receiving Calls  Cellular Summary  Automatic Call Delivery and Roaming  Wi-Fi Summary  Authentication and Encryption  WiMAX  Role of SS7  4G  Detailed Call Setup Scenario

81 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding the Basics of Voice, Data, and Wireless Networks™ Course Length 3 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This 3-day course provides the foundational knowledge required for understanding modern communications networks. Introductory information is provided, including technology definitions, components and the use of those components to provide typical network services so students with little or no technical knowledge will easily understand. Topics include access alternatives such as DSL, ISDN, cable modems, and wireless; Local Area Networks and Wide Area Networks; analog and digital cellular network technologies: TDMA, CDMA, and GSM; The historical perspective necessary to understand how and why a technology evolved to its present rate of acceptance is also provided. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students looking for a broad overview of the technologies There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. and services offered in today's telecommunications Expected Outcomes networks. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand the fundamentals of networks There are no prerequisites for this title.  Describe key concepts, terminology, and alternatives Course Outline Course Introduction and Overview Circuit Switching Basics Concepts and Transmission  System Types, Hierarchies, of Data Telephony Network Basics Routing, Technologies  What is Data and how is it  Key Components of a Network Network Control Represented  Loops, Lines, Trunks, and PBX  User-to-Network Signaling  Frames, Cells and Packets Trunks  Dial Pulse and Dual Tone Multi-  Communications Models and  Numbering Plans frequency (DTMF) Protocol Basics  Industry Structure  Signaling System 7 (SS7)  Transmission, Compression Transmission Systems  Local Number Portability (LNP) and Encryption  Nature of Sound  Advanced Intelligent Network Layered Architectures  Multiplexing (AIN)  Open Systems Interconnection  Analog-to-Digital Conversion Cellular System Fundamentals (OSI)  Digital Network Evolution  Cellular Concepts and  TCP/IP Protocol Stack  Synchronous Optical Network Licensing  Comparative Models (SONET)  Typical Cellular System  Encapsulation Techniques Access Technologies Architecture Local Area Networks (LANs)  Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)  Analog and Digital Cellular  LAN Components  Integrated Services Digital  Personal Communications  Client/Server Architecture Network (ISDN) Service  Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and  Cable TV's use of Full-Duplex  Home and Visitor Location Switched Ethernet Systems Registers  Token Ring and FDDI  Wireless Local Loops (WLLs)  Roaming  Hubs and Switches  Microwave Multipoint Digital Cellular Techniques Wide Area Alternatives Distribution Service  Time Division Multiple Access  Frame Relay  Local Multipoint Distribution (TDMA)  Asynchronous Transfer Mode Service  Global System for Mobile (ATM)  Switched and Dedicated Communications (GSM)  Multi Protocol Label Switching Access  Code Division Multiple Access (MPLS) (CDMA)  Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

Core Networks Curriculum Courses Understanding the Basics of Data Communications See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum Understanding Voice Communications: A Technical Introduction See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum Understanding Quality of Service (QoS) Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VOIP Understanding Carrier Network Evolution Understanding the Basics of Long Distance Service Understanding Communications Convergence Understanding Voice Over IP Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks

83 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding Quality of Service (QoS) ™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description Understanding Quality of Service (QoS) techniques is essential for addressing the volume of real-time traffic migrating to packet networks. This course describes mechanisms for providing QoS, including techniques for managing queues in network equipment and how Service Level Agreements are aggressively incorporating stringent QoS specifications. QoS capabilities of wired and wireless Ethernet, IP, ATM, and MPLS are explained in a clear and concise manner. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals looking for a solid The following has corresponding information: understanding of QoS mechanisms and the business goals  NET250: Understanding Quality of Service e-Digest for successful QoS deployments. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should gain: Students should have taken:  Good insight into the changes in the industry  ILT: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs  An understanding of the protocols that can support  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data the future traffic in the network – both real-time and Communications non real-time  An understanding of the problems facing the network designer in terms of delivering a QoS environment Course Outline Course Overview and Introduction IP Routing and QoS  IP Fundamentals QoS Mechanisms  Type of Service (ToS)  Traffic Classification and Policing  Traditional and QoS-based Routing  Admission Control  ISP Peering Arrangements  QoS Monitoring and SLAs Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS Active Queue Management  DiffServe Architecture, Model and Code points  Bandwidth Mgmt. vs. Big Bandwidth  Assured and Expedited Forwarding  Queuing (FIFO, CBQ, WFQ, RED, WRED)  Per-Hop Behavior QoS in Local Area Networks ATM-based QoS  QoS in VLANs  ATM Virtual Circuits, Service Classes and QoS  QoS in WLANs Parameters QoS Using Application Layer Protocols  Traffic Contract and Policing  UDP and TCP Port Numbers  PNNI and Cell Rate Negotiation  TCP Flow Control and Slow Start Algorithm MPLS-based QoS  RTP QoS Mechanisms  MPLS Architecture, Protocols and Label  RTCP QoS Monitoring Distribution, and QoS  Virtual Leased Line, Virtual Private Line, and Virtual Private LAN Service

84 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and VOIP™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This course provides a detailed tutorial on SS7 describing its use, application within emerging networks, and support for new services. Even as wireless and VoIP networks evolve, SS7 and IN are expected to continue providing the foundation for new services within the traditional Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). This course explains how SS7 is emerging as a common thread tying together different networks, enabling access to service logic and subscriber data, and providing consistent service to the end user. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals looking for a solid The following has corresponding information: understanding of the SS7 network and its protocols and  SIG210: Understanding SS7 for IN, Wireless, and how they are being used for emerging Wireless and IP VoIP e-Digest networks. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of these course, students should be able Students should have taken: to:  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications  Describe the SS7 protocol, how it is designed, and Networks how it supports different services across networks  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Explain how calls are controlled and managed, and Communications how services are supported within the wireline world Course Outline Course Introduction SS7 for Wireless and VoIP  Mobile Application Part (MAP) SS7 Overview  Wireless Roaming and Call Control  Evolution  Evolution to Support VoIP and Call Control for VoIP  Architecture Advanced Intelligent Networks (AIN)  Applications  Call Model Basics IN Overview  Points-in-Call (PICs), Detection Points (DPs), and  Definition and Motivation for IN Triggers  Advanced Intelligent Network Elements  AIN Release 1.0 and Subsets, and Service  AIN Application Examples Examples SS7 Protocols: MTP and ISUP Other Intelligent Network Architectures  Message Transfer Part (MTP)  Intelligent Network Model  ISDN User Part (ISUP)  Wireless Intelligent Network Models SS7 Protocols: SCCP and TCAP  Intelligent Networks and Voice over IP  Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) Putting Together with Services  Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP)  Single Number Services  Applications of SCCP and TCAP  Internet Call Waiting (ICW) Summary

85 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding Carrier Network Evolution™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This course provides an overview of carrier networks, examining the core technologies making communications possible while providing an industry context. The course explains how communication networks operate, the evolution from analog to digital, the transition from circuit to packet, the impact of optics on carrier transport, and how the convergence of IP traffic and optical capacity are becoming a platform for next-generation Web services. Current industry structure, market motivations, and services typically offered are discussed. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students seeking network solutions for delivering voice, There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. data and video services on a single network. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prior to taking this course, students should have completed  Describe how today’s circuit-switched infrastructure entry-level communications training. Appropriate TRA is evolving to support IP traffic courses include:  Produce diagrams for phased migration  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications Course Outline Course Introduction and Overview Network Access Evolution  Access Migration Roadmap Network Evolution Overview  Typical Access Architectures  Service Provider Networks and Roadmaps  Migration of Access Technologies: Copper, Fiber,  Case Study: ABC Service Provider Gigabit Ethernet, Hybrid Fiber Coax Circuit Network Evolution  Case Study: ABC Service Provider  Network Migration Roadmap Network Core Evolution  Interconnection and Billing  Network Migration Roadmap  Case Study: ABC Service Provider  Network Technology and Economics Packet Network Evolution  Case Study: ABC Service Provider  Network Migration Roadmap Operations Support Systems (OSS) and Billing  Frame Relay / ATM Network Services  OSS Components  Virtual Private Network Services  IP Billing Systems  Case Study: ABC Service Provider  Network Provisioning Wireless Network Evolution  Service Quality Management  Network Migration Roadmap  Case Study: ABC Service Provider  Mobile Wireless Overview and Migration Service Provider Network Evolution  Case Study: ABC Service Provider  Network Evolution Steps  ATM Tandem Replacement  End-Office Evolution  Converging Billing Systems  Case Study: ABC Service Provider

86 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding the Basics of Long Distance Service™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This 3-day course is designed to provide an in-depth look at long distance services, including the functions of each network component. Students learn how to bulletproof a network so that calls are transmitted accurately and safely. Access and egress options; Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), cable modems, wireless, and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN); outbound services and restriction and routing options; toll-free services; audio and video teleconferencing, 900 numbers, calling card services, and much more are described. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students looking for a broad overview of the technologies There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. and services offered in today's telecommunications Expected Outcomes networks. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Develop an in-depth understanding of the global There are no prerequisites for this title. Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)  Describe the various access and egress alternatives and when they should be used  Explain how telephony companies in different countries communicate with one another so calls can be made internationally Course Outline Course Introduction and Key IEC Outbound Services Teleconferencing Definitions  Outbound LD Services  Voice Teleconferencing  LD Services and Interexchange o Network Architecture  Video Teleconferencing Carrier (IEC) o Pricing Options and  Video Conferencing Bridges  Pricing Options and Billing Trends  Video Conferencing Standards Periods o Feature Choices Data Services Components of LD Network o Typical Services  Fast Packet Fundamentals  Loops, Lines and Trunks  Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)  Circuit vs. Packet Switching  Nature of Sound o Architecture; Pricing;  Virtual Circuits (VCs)  Intelligent Network (IN) Features; Services  Frame Relay Components  Switched Digital Services  Asynchronous Transfer Mode Access and Egress o Architecture; Pricing; IEC International Services  Dedicated vs. Switched Access Features; Services  Typical Features and Services  Points-of-Presence (POPs) as IEC Inbound Services  Dialable Locations Pricing Points  Toll Free Voice Services  Global Alliances  Nodal Services o Architecture; Pricing;  Toll-Free  Alternative Access and Egress Features; Services Call Card Services Technologies  Toll Free Data Services Signaling o Architecture; Pricing; Bundled Services  User-to-Network Signaling Features; Services  Network Signaling  Caller-Paid Inbound Services Course Summary o Architecture; Pricing; Features; Services

87 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding Communications Convergence™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This 2-day instructor-led course provides the foundational knowledge required for understanding the convergence that is taking place across both wired and wireless networks. Course explains Internet Protocol (IP) and its unifying role in the convergence that is enabling seamless multimedia services. Course provides a technical and practical introduction to key convergence technologies: IP (TCP/IP & IP Networking), Voice over IP, Wireless Access (Cellular, WiFi, & WiMAX), Mobile IP and the IP Multimedia Subsystem. Course describes the compelling applications these foundational technologies enable. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunication professionals who need to understand Greater depth on each individual topic covered in this how IP is converging wired and wireless networks. course can be found in the TRA Curriculum Guide at Prerequisites www.tra.com. Students should be familiar with basic communication Expected Outcomes networking topics. TRA courses to consider: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications  Understand the basics of TCP/IP, IP Networking Networks and Mobile IP  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Appreciate how real-time applications like VoIP are Communications delivered over IP networks  Describe the cellular concept and the capabilities of 3G/4G cellular networks  Understand the goals and capabilities of WiFi and WiMAX  Appreciate how the IMS architecture provides an infrastructure for delivering converged services  Discuss the emerging applications that Network Convergence enables Course Outline Course Introduction Wireless Access  What are we Converging?  Cellular Concept  Why are we Converging?  3G and 4G Cellular Capabilities  What do the Converged Applications look like?  802.11 WiFi Networks TCP/IP  802.16 WIMAX Networks  Internet Protocol Mobility o IPv4  Mobility vs. Portability o IPv6  Mobile IP  Transmission Control Protocol  Handoff among Wireless Access techniques  User Datagram Protocol IP Multimedia Subsystem  Real-time Transport/Real-time Transport Control  IMS Motivations & Goals Protocols  IMS Architecture Voice over Internet Protocol  IMS Service Examples  VoIP Architectures Pulling It All Together: Converged Applications  VoIP Session & Device Control  Unified Communications (UC) o Session Initiation Protocol  Fixed-Mobile Convergence Solutions (FMC) o MEGAGO/H.248  Softswitch Architectures

Description Voice over IP (VoIP) is rapidly changing the telecommunications infrastructure. This course covers the paradigm shifts as telephony services migrate from circuit to packet. Students receive an understanding of how VoIP is being deployed, are introduced to the technologies making it possible, and learn ways to address implementation and quality of service issues. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students looking to understand how VoIP is reshaping the The following has corresponding information: communications industry.  VOP210: Understanding Voice over IP e-Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Students should understand voice and data Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: communications, by taking:  Understand the protocols, how calls are made,  ILT: Understanding TCP/IP interworking with PSTN, and key challenges  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Describe VoIP equipment and their capabilities Communications  Relate VoIP to business needs and expectations Course Outline Industry Overview Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)  Perspective: History, Industry and Market  SIP Network Architecture and Components Segments, Regulatory Environment  SIP Messages  Networks: ITSPs, Carriers, Enterprises  Session Description Protocol Residential VoIP  Call Examples  Voice over Broadband Issues, Architectures and  SIP and Presence Information Technologies (VoCable, VoDSL, FTTP)  SIP vs. H.323  Service Examples Media Device Control Protocols  Issues: E911, CALEA  MEGACO/H.248 Transport Protocols and Voice Packets  MGCP  Review of IP/TCP/UDP PSTN Interworking  Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP and RTCP)  Overview of PSTN and SS7  Voice Coding and Compression  SS7 Interworking with H.323, SIP, MEGACO  Speech Quality Measurement  SoftSwitch Quality of Service (QoS)  ENUM: Phone number to Internet address mapping  Real-Time Service Requirements  Related Protocols: SCTP, SIGTRAN, SIP-T  Delay: Sources and Impacts VoIP in the Enterprise  Techniques: DiffServ and MPLS  Motivations and Concerns  Tuning a VoIP Network  IP PBX vs. Hosted VoIP / IP Centrex H.323  Service Examples  H.323 Architecture and Components  Security and VoIP (NATs, Encryption, Firewalls)  Call Setup using H.225, H.245, and FastStart Summary

89 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description The evolution to an All-IP network is underway and the blueprint for it is IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem). Although unfolding more rapidly in the wireless arena, it is occurring in both wired and wireless networks. This course describes how wireless networks are being upgraded with 3G network elements, protocols, and call/session control procedures to accommodate multimedia applications. Course content explains how all traffic will use IP for transport, and how SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), and SDP (Session Description Protocol) provide the new all-encompassing call and session control for multimedia calls as well as call control for traditional voice calls and session control for simple data sessions such as web browsing. The course also highlights the new functional network elements specified by standards bodies to enable the evolution, including CSCFs (Call Session Control Functions), MGCFs (Media Gateway Control Functions), MGWs (Media Gateways), Breakout Gateway Control Functions, and more. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students seeking to understand the network evolution for The following has corresponding information: delivering voice, data and video services on a single  WIR300: Understanding IP Multimedia Subsystem network. (IMS) for All-IP Networks e-Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Students should understand basic cellular technology by Upon completion of these course, students should be able taking: to:  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Discuss the evolutionary revolution occurring in Communications telecommunications  ILT: Understanding TCP/IP  Define the new IMS network functional elements  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Diagram how SIP, SDP, and MEGACO are used Communications  Explain the typical message flow for setting up an IP multimedia session  Discuss the potential for new services Course Outline Introduction to IMS All-IP Architecture Network Elements continued  Motivation for IMS  High-Level IMS Message Flow Scenarios for: Video  Status of IMS Standards for Wired and Wireless Call Interworking, 3-Way Video Conference, Push- Networks to-Talk, VoIP, and others Initial 3GPP/UMTS and 3GPP2/CDMA2000 Networks IP Multimedia Call Control Protocols  Common Approach to ALL-IP Evolution for UMTS  Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and CDMA2000  Session Description Protocol (SDP)  Circuit and Packet Switched Domains  SIP Session Setup Examples  How UMTS and CDMA2000 will Evolve to IMS Intermediate-Level IMS Message Scenarios  IP Mobility with GPRS or Mobile IP  IMS Registration Message Flow All-IP Architecture Network Elements  Mobile Origination to ISDN Video Call  Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs)  End-to-End QoS Management Message Flow  Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)  B2BUA Session Forwarding Message Flow  Media Gateway (MGS)  IMS Presence Message Flows  Media Resource Function Processor (MRFP) Detail-Level IMS Message Scenarios  Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF)  SIP and SDP in more Detail  Application Servers (AS) and Back-to-Back User  IMS Interworking with PSTN/ISDN Agents (B2BUAs)  Detailed Message Flows based on 3GPP TS 24.228 and 3GPP2 TIA-873 Summary

Wireless Networks Curriculum Overview In today's increasingly mobile world, working from a fixed desktop device communicating by wires is no longer acceptable. Professionals expect and demand the flexibility to work from any location. Students can learn about all things wireless by taking the courses found in TRA's Wireless Networks curriculum. Courses within this curriculum provide a broad and deep understanding of wireless by addressing the technology basics, terminology, evolution of cellular networks, to 3G, LTE, Mobile WiMAX, wireless 802.11 LANs, demand for wireless data, emerging wireless standards, and interworking among wireless networks and with landline networks. Students will gain practical knowledge by learning from the topics found within TRA's Wireless Networking courses.

Wireless Networks Curriculum Courses Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications Understanding GSM See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Understanding GPRS and its Evolution to UMTS Curriculum Understanding UMTS Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies Understanding LTE and SAE Understanding 802.11 Wireless LANs Protocols and Understanding WiMAX / IEEE 802.16 Procedures Understanding UMTS and CDMA2000 Evolution to HSPA, Understanding 802 Wireless Standards HSPA+, and LTE Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution See the product page found in the Core Networks (LTE) Curriculum Understanding Fundamental of Radio: Analysis, Design and Understanding CDMA Propagation Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies Understanding Satellite Communications: Earth Station Design Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure and Analysis

91 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description The mega-trends of wireless and the Internet are revolutionizing voice and data communications. Wireless technology has become ubiquitous for voice applications, and is becoming the access technology of choice for data applications. As result, new radio technologies and network elements are being developed to offer new service possibilities.

This course focuses on the technologies being deployed or emerging. Also discussed are the major technical concepts shaping the industry, technologies enabling the use of wireless connections, and the applications previously available only through hard-wired; connections. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals who are looking to gain The following has corresponding information: insight into emerging wireless technologies, into  EWT230: Understanding Emerging Wireless comparisons, and their potential applications. Technologies e-Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Students should have taken: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Understand and appreciate some of the new Communications wireless technologies being deployed and those on  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless the horizon Communications  Gain insight on how these technologies are related to each other, and their possible impact on the overall wireless marketplace Course Outline Course Introduction LTE/SAE continued  Major New Functional Entities in SAE, including Fundamentals of Digital Radio eNodeB, MME (Mobility Management Entity), S-GW  Speech Digitizing, Coding, and Compression (Serving Gateway), and P-GW (Public Data Network  Channel Coding Gateway)  Digital Modulation  Overview of a Handover Scenario  Multiple Access  Status of UMTS LTE/SAE Standards Development 3G and 4G Cellular and Deployment Plans  CDMA Fundamentals for 3G Wi-Fi/802.11  Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems  Wireless LANs (UMTS) and its Evolution (W-CDMA and HSPA)  802.11 and Wi-Fi  CDMA2000 and its Evolution (1x, 1xEV-DO Rev 0  OFDM Fundamentals and Rev A)  OFDM for 802.11a/g  Femtocells  How OFDM handles multipath  Why OFDM/OFDMA for 4G?  802.11n with MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output  Major 4G Technologies: LTE/SAE, Mobile WiMAX, antennas) UMB  Benefits of MIMO WiMAX/802.16  WLAN/Cellular Interworking  Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMAN) Bluetooth and 802.15  802.16 (Fixed/Portable) WiMAX  Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN)  OFDM and OFDMA Physical Layers  Bluetooth  802.16e Mobile WiMAX  Other 802.15 Standards LTE/SAE (Long Term Evolution/System Architecture  Future Trends Evolution) Mobile Broadband Wireless Access  LTE: UMTS Radio Access Network Evolution to 4G  802.20 "MobileFi"  SAE: UMTS Core Network Evolution to 4G  Two New Standards in 2008  Wideband Mode  625k-Multicarrier Mode

92 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding 802.11 Wireless LANs Protocols and Procedures™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description In the workplace and the residence, from hotspots to city-wide networks, this course shows how 802.11 has become one of the most successful wireless technologies in the industry. It provides an overview of the protocols and procedures used in 802.11 and its implementation in an operational environment. An overview of the principal 802.11 specifications, including 802.11e for QoS and 802.11i for security are provided. The major alternative technologies used at the MAC and PHY layers, including 802.11n, and the reasoning behind their principal attributes, are described. The course concludes with a forward looking view of Wi-Fi handover interworking with cellular and the new developments currently in the standardization pipeline, e.g. mesh networking. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding 802.11 Wireless The following has corresponding information: LANs, their associated Quality of Service, security,  WIR260: Understanding 802.11 Protocols and roaming, and interworking with cellular. Procedures e-Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes There are no prerequisites for this title. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  Describe the WLAN market and how 802.11 and cellular inter-relate  Understand the fundamental concepts and principles of operations for the WLAN technologies  Appreciate 802.11 security, QoS and mesh networking Course Outline Introduction to 802.11 Wireless LANs 802.11 Physical Layer (PHY) continued  Unlicensed Frequency Bands o Channel Spacing and Modulation  Overview of 802.11 Standards  Physical Layer Options: Overview of WLAN Operational Environment o 802.11a, b, g  WLAN Architecture Components o 802.11n with MIMO  Authentication and Association 802.11 Security Considerations  Collision Avoidance  Wi-Fi Interoperability Testing  Power Save Mode  Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC)  Wi-Fi Protected Access and 802.11i  Handling Contention Moving Forward  Mac Frame Structure  Wi-Fi Interworking with UMTS Cellular 802.11 Quality of Service  Wi-Fi Interworking with 4G LTE  Traffic Categories  802.11s Mesh Networking  EDCA: Enhanced Distributed Channel Access  New 802.11 Amendments in the pipeline  HCF: Hybrid Coordination Function Summary 802.11 Physical Layer (PHY)  Radio Attributes: o DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum o OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

93 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding 802 Wireless Standards™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description As wireless networks have improved security and data rates, the IEEE has focused its standardization work on a diverse range of wireless technologies for fixed/mobile, short/long range applications. This course describes and contrasts the different 802 Wireless Standards, including their provisions for QoS, security and mesh networking. For instance, the course identifies how the standards for 802.11 and 802.15 are being used to deploy Wireless Local Area Networks and Wireless Personal Area Networks, respectively. The course explains technologies such as 802.15.4 ZigBee™ for large sensor networks, and 802.16e WiMAX for fixed and mobile broadband access. Emerging standards such as 802.20 for broadband mobile data solutions and 802.22 for longer-range wireless regional area networking are compared, and innovative ways of re-using licensed spectrum to accommodate new wireless technologies, including UWB (Ultra Wide Band) and Cognitive Radio are described. Given the many diverse networks being deployed, this course concludes with an analysis of alternative ways of interworking among these technologies and cellular. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Forward-looking designers, product planners and network The following has corresponding information: operators who need a solid understanding of the existing  WIR280: Understanding Emerging 802 Wireless e- and emerging IEEE wireless standards. Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Students should understand packet switching by taking: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Understand the radio technologies and techniques Communications being deployed in emerging 802 wireless networks  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Describe and contrast IEEE wireless standards Communications including 802.11 LAN, 802.15 PAN, 802.16 MAN, 802.20 mobile broadband and 802.22 regional area network  Become familiar with emerging solutions for interworking between the 802 wireless technologies and cellular Course Outline Introduction to IEEE 802 Wireless 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) continued 802.16 Wireless Fixed... continued Standards  Mesh Networking  802.16e Mobile Broadband  IEEE 802 Family of Services Overview of 802.15 Wireless Personal Wireless MAN  How the 802 Standards Relate Area Network (WPAN)  WiMAX Forum  Licensed and Unlicensed  802.15 Standards 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Frequency Bands  Architectural Components, Access  Cognitive Radio Layers, Spectrum Allocations,  802.20 Standards  Ultra Wide band Topologies, and Operational  Mobile IP  Mesh Networking Options 802.22 Wireless Regional Area ®  Modulation Techniques o 802.15.1 Bluetooth Network (WRAN)  MIMO: Multi-Input Multi-Output o 802.15.3 High Rate and  Market and Network Planning  OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Higher Data Rate Ultra  PHY and MAC Layers for Base Division Multiplexing Wide Band (UWB) PAN Station to CPE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN)  ZigBee™ Alliance Communications  802.11 Standards and 802.16 Wireless Fixed and Mobile  Cognitive Radio Specifics Configuration Options Metropolitan Area Networks Interworking between the 802  Authenticating and Getting  802.16 Market and Spectrum Wireless Standards Connected Allocation  Coexistence of Multiple  Operations Considerations:  802.16 – 2004 Fixed Broadband Technologies QoS, Security, Privacy (WEP), Wireless  802.21 Media Independent and Wi-Fi Protected Access Handover (WPA) Summary

Description CDMA has taken the mobile world by storm, becoming a major Second Generation (2G) technology and the dominant technology for Third Generation (3G) systems. As a 'spread spectrum' technology that is robust against interference, CDMA has been used for point-to-point military communications for many years, but making the technology suitable for cellular applications required major innovations. This course provides a solid technical as well as an intuitive understanding of 2G CDMA technology, as a foundation for understanding its evolution to 3G. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in acquiring an excellent overview of The following has corresponding information: CDMA.  WIR230: Understanding CDMA e-Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Students should understand digital cellular by taking: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless  Compare the use of pseudo-random codes in Technologies CDMA systems and how they offer enhanced o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data capacity, performance, call quality, and coverage Communications as contrasted with other cellular technologies o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Understand why CDMA technology has been Communications chosen for all major 3G standards Course Outline Introduction to CDMA for Personal Communications TIA-95 CDMA: Beyond the Basics Service (PCS) and Digital Cellular  Codes: Usage, Why and Benefits  Industry Perspective: Standards, Providers,  Channels: Pilot, Sync, Paging, Access, Traffic Deployment Status  Multiplex and Rate Options  Evolution to 3G CDMA  Handling Voice, Data and Signaling Fundamentals of Radio Concepts  Privacy and Encryption  Benefits of Digital Radio CDMA Deployment Considerations  Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation  Eb/N0, Eb/I0, and Carrier-to-Interference Ratio (C/I)  Speech Compression and Vocoding  Capacity Calculations and Comparisons with other  Convolutional Coding for Forward Error Correction Cellular Technologies (FEC)  Soft Handoff Thresholds and Procedures  CDMA Comparison to Frequency Division Multiple CDMA Evolution to 3G Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access  CDMA2000 1x (TDMA)  CDMA2000 1xEV-DO CDMA Fundamentals  W-CDMA/UMTS  Spread Spectrum and the Principles of CDMA  HSPA (High Speed Packet Access)  Codes: Pseudonoise (PN) and Walsh Summary  Universal Frequency Re-Use  Rake Receivers  Major Attributes of TIA-95

95 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Technologies™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description Third Generation (3G) mobile systems offer exciting new wireless packet capabilities, breaking through limitations of previous technologies, and enhanced cost effectiveness for traditional and enhanced voice services. Although dealing briefly with the network infrastructure and foundational technologies for 3G radio this course focus is on the radio technologies used in CDMA2000 and UMTS. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding the radio technologies The following has corresponding information: supporting the growth in high-bit-rate wireless services.  WIR210: Understanding 3G Mobile Radio Prerequisites Technologies e-Digest Students should understand 2G CDMA and digital cellular Expected Outcomes by taking: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  ILT: Understanding CDMA  Grasp3G wireless and market impact o ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless  Understand 3G standards for CDMA2000 and Technologies UMTS . ILT: Understanding the Basics of  Comprehend 3G evolution Data Communications . ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications Course Outline Introduction to Third Generation (3G) 3G CDMA2000 (TIA-95 Based)  Industry Status and Perspective  Variable Length Codes for Different Data Rates  Standards Bodies and Relationships  Comparison with cdmaOne  Evolution Scenarios and Market Projections  Operational Considerations: Modulation, Power 3G Network Aspects Control, Capacity, Multi-Carrier  CDMA2000 and UMTS Network Architectures  1x Evolution  Evolution 3G Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) o Circuit to Packet Switching  Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) o Softswitches and Gateways Codes o Evolution to All-IP  Asynchronous Inter-Cell Operation Key Technology Concepts for 3G  How high bit rates are achieved  Wider Bandwidth Required  High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)  Coherent Demodulation, Turbo Coding What's Next?  Smart Adaptive Array Antennas  4G Evolution to UMTS LTE (Long Term Evolution) CDMA Foundation and Mobile WiMAX  Major 2G cdmaOne (TIA-95) Attributes Summary  CDMA Fundamentals and why the Choice for 3G

96 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding 3G Mobile Network Infrastructure™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description Third Generation (3G) mobile systems provide multi-megabit-per-second wireless packet capabilities, breaking through limitations of previous technologies, and enhanced cost effectiveness for traditional and enhanced voice services. After dealing briefly with the foundational CDMA technology for 3G radio, this course focus is on the network infrastructure architecture, protocols, and operational scenarios used in CDMA2000 and UMTS. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who need to understand, plan, or prepare for the The following has corresponding information: infrastructure needed to support 3G services or those  WIR320: Understanding 3G Mobile Network needing to compare the UMTS and CDMA2000 network Infrastructure e-Digest architectures and capabilities. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Students should understand 2G CDMA and digital cellular  Grasp 3G wireless and market impact by taking:  Understand 3G standards for CDMA2000 and W-  ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless CDMA/UMTS Technologies  Describe the major 3G network architecture o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data characteristics and supporting technologies Communications o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications Course Outline Introduction to Third Generation (3G) Introduction to IP Mobility  Industry Status and Perspective  Portability vs. Full Mobility  Standards Bodies and Relationships  The IP Mobility Problem  Evolution Scenarios and Market Projections  Why Mobile IP or GPRS is Needed CDMA Foundation Mobile IP Solution for CDMA2000  CDMA Fundamentals and why the Choice for 3G  The Mobile IP protocol (RFC 3344)  Major Characteristics of CDMA2000 and W-  Mobile IP Home and Foreign Agents CDMA/UMTS  Mobile IP Tunneling 3G UMTS Network  Mobile IP Protocol Stacks  UMTS Network Architecture, Protocols and  How Mobile IP handles Private IP addresses and Interfaces NATs  SGSNs and GGSNs (Serving and Gateway GPRS  Mobile IPv6 Benefits and Issues Support Nodes)  Example Operational Scenarios  GPRS Tunnels and Protocol Stacks GPRS GSM-based Solution for UMTS  Operational Scenarios  SGSNs and GGSNs 3G CDMA2000 Network  GTP Tunnels  CDMA2000 Network Architecture, Protocols and  GPRS Protocol Stacks Interfaces  How GPRS handles IP mobility  PDSNs (Packet Data Serving Nodes)  GPRS Roaming  Mobile IP Tunnels and Protocol Stacks Summary  Operational Scenarios

Description Introduced in 1991, Global System for Mobile Communications presently supports more than three billion subscribers residing in more than 210 countries. This phenomenal growth can be attributed to GSM's support for international roaming, which permits users traveling nearly anywhere in the world to receive the same features and services provided by their home network. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in acquiring an excellent overview of The following has corresponding information: GSM.  WIR120: Understanding GSM e-Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes There are none but a foundation in wireless may be helpful Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: by taking:  Understand how this technology operates and how  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless its technical features make it one of the most Communications dominant digital cellular standards in the world  Gain insights of GSM’s air interface, how it supports basic voice communications  Describe how GSM is evolving to support user data and related services Course Outline Introduction to GSM GSM Traffic Channels Step-by-Step  Perspective: History, Market, Comparison with other  Channel Structure and Bandwidth 2G Technologies  Coding: Speech, Channel, Convolutional  GSM and the Third Generation (3G)  Frequency Hopping, Interleaving, Equalization Principles of Cellular and Digital Radio  Encryption  Radio Concept and Digital Radio Basics GSM Logical and Physical Channels  Speech Encoding and Channel Coding  Channels: Logical, Physical, Traffic and Control  Frequency Re-User, Cell Sectorization, TDMA and  Mapping Logical onto Physical Channels Modularization  Data Burst Types GSM Network Aspects  Frame and Allowable Channel Structures  GSM Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) Data over GSM  Mobile Stations and Network Elements  Types: Circuit-Switched, Short Message Service,  Authentication and Signaling High-Speed Circuit-Switched, General Packet Radio  Mobile Application Part Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) GSM System Capacity  Capacity Evaluation and Techniques for Increasing Summary

98 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding GPRS and its Evolution to UMTS™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This course provides an understanding of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). GPRS was developed as a packet- switched extension of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network to enable high-speed access to IP- based services. GPRS provides efficient use of shared resources, volume-based pricing, allows 'always-on' connections, and matches connection speeds to the needs of users and their applications. GPRS serves as foundation for the packet- switched domain of 3G UMTS. These and more are explained in this course. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in acquiring an excellent overview of The following has corresponding information: GPRS and its evolution.  WIR220: Understanding GPRS e-Digest Prerequisites  WIR110: Understanding the Basics of Wireless Students should have background in digital cellular and Communications e-Digest TCP/IP by taking: Expected Outcomes  ILT: Understanding GSM Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless  Explain GPRS architecture, elements, and services Communications  Identify the different service states and how a data  ILT: Understanding TCP/IP session is handled o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Summarize evolution paths Communications Course Outline Introduction to GPRS GPRS Mobility and Session Management  Perspective: History, Market, Services, Deployment  Mobility and Security Management Status and Evolution Paths  Session Management Scenarios GPRS Network Architecture and Protocols  Roaming and GPRS Roaming Exchange (GRX)  GSM - Foundation for GPRS Evolution to UMTS  GPRS Components, Functions and Interfaces  Overview UMTS Architecture: Network Core and  GPRS Protocol Models Radio Access Network GPRS Radio Interface  GPRS Enhancements for 3G  Radio Subsystem GSM System Capacity  Modulation and Coding  Capacity Evaluation and Techniques for Increasing  EDGE Summary  MAC and RLC Functions  Physical and Logical Channels Appendices  Review of TCP/IP  GPRS and its Relation to Mobile IP  EDGE Compact

Description This course explains both the UMTS network infrastructure and protocols and the W-CDMA/HSPA radio technologies used in UMTS. With more than 80% of worldwide cellular subscribers served by UMTS, its technology and the evolution of its Radio Access and Core Networks promise to be a hot topic for years to come. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding the radio technologies The following has corresponding information: supporting the growth in high-bit-rate wireless services  WIR240: Understanding UMTS e-Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Students should understand 2G CDMA, digital cellular and Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: TCP/IP by taking:  Identify UMTS 3G capabilities, market impact,  ILT: Understanding CDMA release timeline and future evolution o ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless  Describe UMTS network architecture, major Technologies characteristics, components, interfaces and . ILT: Understanding the Basics of protocols Data Communications  Explain how UMTS handles mobility and call . ILT: Understanding the Basics of handling Wireless Communications  ILT: Understanding GSM o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications Course Outline Introduction to UMTS and 3G Wireless CDMA Foundation for 3G  Perspective: UMTS, CDMA2000, and 3G  CDMA Concepts and Why the Choice for 3G  3GPP and Standards Organizations and UTRAN W-CDMA Radio Link Relationships  Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF)  UMTS Capabilities, Market Impact and Release Codes Timelines  Asynchronous Inter-Cell Operation UMTS Network and Protocol Architecture  Details of: Characteristics, Modes, Codes,  Core Radio Access Network Architectures and, Channels, Transport Formats, Methods Protocols  High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)  Core Network Architectures and Protocols  Evolution to High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) Operational Scenarios  LTE (Long Term Evolution) / SAE (System  Managing the Radio Access and Circuit-Switched Architecture Evolution) and Packet-Switched Domains Summary  Circuit-Switched Roaming Call Scenario  Packet-Switched Web Access Scenario Appendix: UMTS Open Service Architecture (OSA)  Tunneling for IP Mobility

Description With the current dominance of UMTS in 3G worldwide deployments, it is likely that the evolution of UMTS to LTE (Long- Term Evolution … of the radio access network) and its accompanying SAE (System Architecture Evolution … of the core network infrastructure) will be the dominant worldwide broadband mobile wireless network of the future. In addition, many CDMA2000 Service Providers are also planning to evolve their radio access networks to LTE and interwork their existing CDMA2000 network infrastructure with the new LTE/SAE network infrastructure. This represents a major convergence of the two global 3G radio and network standards: UMTS and CDMA2000. This course is designed to help students understand the LTE Radio Access Network and the SAE Core Network evolutions and to provide students with the maximum insight in the minimum time.

Understanding these technologies will be essential for anyone planning for the next generation of mobile broadband networks. This course has been designed to provide a solid understanding of both, the new SAE architecture, network elements, protocols, and message flows for important operational scenarios as well as the new LTE radio technologies. Mobility and Interworking of LTE/SAE with other major radio access technologies such as CDMA2000 and Mobile WiMAX is also explained. The coverage of the LTE radio concepts has been designed to provide an intuitive understanding of how the OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier- Frequency Division Multiple Access) technologies work and how the capabilities of these technologies will enable significantly higher performance than 3G. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses This course is designed for students interested in understanding The following has corresponding information: the new LTE/SAE architecture and operation and the new radio  WIR330: Understanding LTE and SAE e- technologies used in LTE. Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes  ILT: Understanding UMTS Upon completion of this course, students will be able o ILT: Understanding CDMA to: . ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless  Sketch the architecture of LTE/SAE, Technologies identifying the major new infrastructure . ILT: Understanding the Basics of components and their functions Data Communications  Trace the message flow between the LTE . ILT: Understanding the Basics of radio access network and the SAE Evolved Wireless Communications Packet Core for a cellular handset power-on, o ILT: Understanding GSM service origination, and active handover . ILT: Understanding the Basics of  Describe the architecture and message flow Wireless Communications for an optimized (seamless) handover from LTE to CDMA2000  Explain how GPRS, MIPv4 (Mobile IPv4), PMIPv6 (Proxy Mobile IPv6), and DSMIPv6 (Dual Stack Mobile IPv6) are used in various mobility scenarios between LTE and other radio access technologies Course Outline LTE/SAE Introduction Mobility and Interworking with Other Radio Access  LTE (Long Term Evolution): UMTS Evolution to Next Technologies Generation Radio Technology with Evolved UMTS  LTE/SAE Roaming Architectures Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)  Trusted vs. Un-trusted non-3GPP Access Networks o Evolved Node B (eNodeB)  S2a Interface with Trusted non-3GPP Accesses o Key Requirements for LTE  S2b Interface with Un-trusted non-3GPP Accesses  SAE (System Architecture Evolution): UMTS  S2c Interface with Trusted or Un-trusted non-3GPP Evolution to 4G Core Network Accesses o Evolved Packet Core (EPC)  Four Protocols for IP Mobility: GPRS, MIPv4, PMIPv6, and DSMIPv6 o Key Requirements for SAE o Major New Functional Entities in SAE  High-level scenarios for the use of GPRS, MIPv4,

101 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved.  Major Interfaces and Protocols PMIPv6, and DSMIPv6 in LTE/SAE Mobility and o S1, X2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S8, S11, S12 Interworking  Overview of a Handover Scenario Using GPRS OFDM/OFDMA Fundamentals Tunnel Re-routing  What is "Orthogonal" Frequency Division  Status of UMTS LTE/SAE Standards Development Multiplexing? and Deployment Plans  How OFDM Handles Multipath and ISI (Inter-Symbol LTE/SAE Fundamental Operational Scenarios Interference)  Message Flow for User powering up, attaching, and  How OFDM/OFDMA Handles Mobility and Doppler registering Frequency Shift  Message Flow for User activating a packet data  Why there is an Optimum Subcarrier Bandwidth and service Symbol Duration  Message Flow for Active Handover from one  Scalable OFDM/OFDMA eNodeB to another eNodeB OFDM/OFDMA As Used in LTE Downlink Handover Scenario to 3G UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial  LTE Frame and Sub-Frame Structure Radio Access Network)  Downlink Physical Channels  Optimized/Seamless Handover concept  Support for Advanced Antenna Systems, e.g.  Direct or Indirect Data Forwarding for Lossless Beamforming and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Handover Output Antenna Systems)  Optional Direct Tunnel (S12 Interface) SC-FDMA/DFTS-OFDM Fundamentals  Preparation Phase  Why SC-FDMA/DFTS-OFDM for the Uplink instead o Message Flow with signaling between the of OFDMA? Source LTE eNodeB and Target 3G UMTS  Understanding DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) Radio Network Controller Spreading  Execution Phase  Understanding How DFT Spreading combined with o Message Flow with switching of the data OFDMA produces a Single Carrier Uplink Signal path to the 3G UTRAN SC-FDMA/DFTS-OFDM As Used in LTE Uplink Handover to CDMA2000 or Mobile WiMAX  Uplink Physical Channels  General Concepts for Seamless Handover to  How the Random Access Channel works CDMA2000 or Mobile WiMAX Summary  Example: Message Flow for Handover to Appendix: MIPv4 and MIPv6 Fundamentals CDMA2000 1xEV-DO

Description WiMAX is "hot". It is being used to extend the popular Wireless LAN Wi-Fi hotspot coverage to wide-area Wireless MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) coverage. As done with Wi-Fi, WiMAX capability is included in many notebook computers. This course explains the 4G technologies behind Fixed and Mobile WiMAX but focuses on IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX. It covers the physical layer including OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), the MAC Layer, and the Network Infrastructure. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding the technologies The following has corresponding information: behind Fixed and Mobile WiMAX Radio (OFDM, and  WIR290: Understanding WiMAX e-Digest OFDMA) and Network Infrastructure, and having interest in Expected Outcomes the latest advances in wireless technology and 4G Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: developments. Technical sales personnel, product  Understand OFDM and OFDMA, how they are managers, network planners and development engineers used, and why they are the choice for 4G wireless will enjoy this course. technology Prerequisites  Understand how the WiMAX network infrastructure Students should understand wireless and digital supports fixed and mobile services cellular/PCS concepts by taking:  Gain insights into WiMAX strengths and challenges  ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless  Discuss the major enhancements to WiMAX for Technologies mobility  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless Communications Course Outline Introduction to Broadband Wireless and IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX MAC... Key Radio Concepts for IEEE 802.16 IEEE 802.16 WiMAX continued WiMAX continued  Broadband Wireless Access  MAC Messages and Procedures  Frequency-Selective Fading (BWA)  DL and UL Frame Structure and  Beamforming or Adaptive Antenna  WiMAX and 3G Evolution Burst Profiles Systems (AAS)  Fixed and Mobile WiMAX  DL-MAP and UL-MAP Bandwidth  Multiple-input Multiple-Output  Major Industry Groups Allocation (MIMO) Antenna Systems  Applications for WiMAX  Ranging Procedures  Achieving Subcarrier Orthagonality  Spectrum Issues  Scheduling Services and Handling  OFDM/OFDMA Challenges IEEE 802.16e WiMAX OFDM and OFDMA Contention  Doppler Impact on OFDM Physical Layers  Subscriber Initialization Procedure  Optimizing Subcarrier Bandwidth  Major Characteristics Infrastructure for Fixed and Mobile IEEE 802.16e Summary for Mobile  Fixed and Mobile WiMAX Options Service WiMAX  OFDM for Intersymbol Interference  Network Architecture: ASN and  2048 OFDMA (ISI) Mitigation CSN  Relationship to Korean WiBro  OFDM and the Fast Fourier  Intra/Inter-ASN Handovers with  Support for 2048, 1024, 512, and Transform (FFT) GRE or Mobile IP Tunnels 128 FFT  Fixed WiMAX Physical Layer Major  Mobile Station Service Origination  Scalable OFDM Scenario Characteristics  Enhancements for Mobility  Mobile WiMAX Handover Scenario  Mobile WiMAX Physical Layer  Understanding Subcarriers, Key Radio Concepts for IEEE 802.16 Major Characteristics Clusters, and Tiles WiMAX  WiMAX Data Rates  Mobile WiMAX Status IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX MAC  Multi-carrier Technology Protocols, Messages, and Operation  Adaptive Modulation and Coding Scenarios  Orthagonality and Subcarriers  FDD and TTD Frame Structure  Non Line of Sight (NLOS)  How OFDM Combats Multipath  Delay Spread and ISI

103 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding UMTS and CDMA2000 Evolution to HSPA, HSPA+, and LTE™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description Many Service Providers, even many CDMA/1xEV-DO operators, are adopting an evolution path via HSPA, HSPA+, and ultimately LTE. The objective of this course is to explain the major concepts in both the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the Core Network (CN) infrastructure required to understand this evolution path. The architectures and protocols of both the CDMA2000 and the UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/LTE networks are described along with their major functionalities. In addition, scenarios are described that illustrate how pre-existing UMTS and CDMA2000 networks can evolve gracefully while adding the HSPA/HSPA+/LTE overlays. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Technical Sales personnel, Project Managers, and others The following has corresponding information: who need to understand the concepts, technologies,  WIR320: Understanding 3G Mobile Network architectures, and capabilities of the HSPA/HSPA+/LTE Infrastructure e-Digest networks in order to plan for the evolution of their network. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  ILT: Understanding 3G Mobile Network  Sketch the major options for evolution to HSPA and Infrastructure LTE  ILT: Understanding Emerging Wireless  Compare and contrast the capabilities of 1xEV-DO, Technologies HSPA, HSPA+, and LTE  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Discuss the new network elements and functions Communications needed to interwork an existing CDMA2000 or  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Wireless UMTS network with an added HSPA/LTE network Communications Course Outline Introduction to 3G and 4G CDMA2000 and UMTS 3G CDMA2000 Network Infrastructure: The Starting Technology Evolution Point  Technology Roadmap from CDMA 1x and GSM to  CDMA2000 Network Architecture, Protocols and 3G Interfaces  Technology Roadmap from 3G CDMA2000 and o The Major A Interfaces (A1 thru A11) UMTS to 4G  PDSNs (Packet Data Serving Nodes)  Peak and Average Data Rates for the Major  Mobile IP Home and Foreign Agents Technologies o Mobile IP Tunnels  Deployment Status o Protocol Stacks Major Radio Technologies for 3G and 4G o High-Level Operational Scenarios  CDMA Fundamentals and why it the basis for 3G . Packet Session Setup o Review of CDMA Basics Transitions between Dormant and Active States . How and Why PN and Walsh 3G UMTS Network Infrastructure: The Starting Point for Codes are used in CDMA HSPA and Beyond o Major Characteristics of CDMA2000  UMTS Network Architecture, Protocols and . Major Characteristics of 1xEV-DO Interfaces Rev 0 and Rev A  SGSNs and GGSNs (Serving and Gateway GPRS . Major Characteristics of 1xEV-DO Support Nodes) Rev B o GPRS Tunnels and Tunneling Protocol o Major Characteristics of W-CDMA/UMTS o Protocol Stacks . Major Characteristics of HSPA  High-Level Operational Scenarios . Major Characteristics of HSPA+ o IP Mobility with GPRS Tunnels  OFDM/OFDMA Fundamentals and why it is the o GPRS Roaming basis for “Beyond 3G” and 4G Network Evolution to HSPA to LTE Major Characteristics of OFDMA as used in o  Ultimate LTE Network Architecture LTE  Evolutionary Architectures for Interconnecting and Interworking the CDMA, HSPA, and LTE Networks in a Single Service Provider’s Network Summary

104 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE) ™ Course Length 4 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This is a Hands-on course, designed to provide the student with an in-depth understanding of the technical aspects of design, analysis and deployment of an LTE RF system. Throughout this course, the student will gain in-depth knowledge through calculator exercises and detailed analysis using provided spreadsheets. Each module of this course builds upon the previous modules, culminating in the use of a propagation modeling tool to estimate the performance of an LTE network, based on equipment specifications, system configuration and environmental variables. Prerequisites Corresponding Courses There are no prerequisites for this title. There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. Expected Outcomes At the end of this course, the student should be able to:  Compare LTE to 3G (CDMA) and 4G (WiMAX) technologies  Describe the basic LTE frame structure and function  Discuss the benefits and limits of MIMO and Adaptive Arrays for LTE  Perform an LTE link budget  Estimate path loss using both physical and empirical models  Explain the use of SC-FDMA to improve amplifier efficiency on the uplink  Describe Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR)  Describe timing options for LTE deployments  Compare different approaches for backhauling LTE and the oversubscription to traffic engineering rules Course Outline LTE Technology Overview Path Loss Modeling: LOS and NLOS The "Flat Earth" Model: Engineering and  LTE Technology Variations  Radio Propagation Mechanisms Business  The LTE Radio Access Network  Free Space Path Loss Analysis for  Balancing Engineering and Business Needs  The LTE Evolved Core Network Line-of Sight  Capacity Sites vs. Coverage Sites  LTE vs. Mobile WiMAX for 4G  Modeling Non-Line-of-Sight Path Loss Review of RF Fundamentals LTE and the NLOS Environment  Dimensioning an LTE Network: CAPEX/OPEX Considerations  Basic Radio Link Considerations  Impairments due to Multipath in the NLOS Environment  "Flat Earth" to Real World  Basics of Information Transfer for Radio  The Wide-band Channel and Inter-  High Bit Rate Backhaul Options for LTE  Working with Decibels symbol Interference (ISI) Oversubscription and Traffic Engineering  Digital Modulation and Error Correction  Mitigating ISI with OFDM  Simplifying Capacity Design with Techniques for LTE Oversubscription Antenna Considerations for LTE  S-OFDMA: Balancing ISI and Doppler  The LTE Downlink: S-OFDMA  Utilization and Delay in Single-server  General Antenna Types and Multi-server Systems  Antenna Characteristics  Reducing PAPR using SC-FDMA for the LTE Uplink  Modeling a Single-server System: An  Antenna Diversity Techniques Frequency Reuse Techniques for LTE LTE Backhaul  Advanced Antenna Systems for LTE  Overview of Frequency Reuse  Modeling a Multi-server System: An RF Network Design Considerations LTE Sector  LTE and Fractional Frequency Reuse Modeling an LTE Deployment Environment  Operating Frequency and Bandwidth (FFR)  Sources of Noise and Interference Timing and Synchronization for LTE Networks  Real-world Deployment Considerations  Limiting Factors in Cellular  Overview of Network Timing Systems  Empirical vs. Physical Propagation Models Deployments  Clocking in Asynchronous Networks LTE Link Budget Analysis  Equipment Selection Considerations  Equipment: Parameters and  Modeling the Propagation Environment Configuration  Modeling System Performance Based  Link Margins and Service Objectives on C/I+N  Receive System Performance Analysis  Performing a Coverage Study  Co-location Issues for LTE

105 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding Fundamental of Radio: Analysis, Design and Propagation™ Course Length 4 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This is an intense hands-on course, designed to provide the student with an in-depth understanding of the technical aspects RF system design, analysis and deployment. Technologies used for Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) radio, from HF to EHF, are considered. Throughout this course, the student will gain in-depth knowledge of RF through the use of multiple calculation exercises as well as exercises and simulations using provided spreadsheets. Each module of this course builds upon the previous modules, enhancing the student's understanding of the topic areas.

As an IEEE WCET workshop, this course focuses on the following knowledge areas of the WCET certification exam: Area 1: RF Engineering, Propagation and Antennas Area 2: Wireless Access Technologies Area 7: Fundamental Knowledge Prerequisites Corresponding Courses There are no prerequisites for this title. There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. Expected Outcomes There are no Corresponding Courses for this title.  Identify different E-M propagation modes based on  Compare VSWR, Return Loss, Reflected Power and frequency Mismatch Loss  Define the relationship between bandwidth and Baud  Describe multiple antenna systems: MIMO and rate Adaptive Arrays  Use decibels for gains, losses and power levels  Perform a cascade analysis for both terrestrial and  Describe the various components of a radio and their satellite systems functions  Perform link budgets for both Line-of-Sight and Non-  Describe various amplifier types and impairments Line-of Sight links  Quantify the relationship between noise and bandwidth  Determine LOS distance based on the radio horizon  Determine the bit rate of a channel based on  Perform a path loss analysis using a simple physical bandwidth, modulation scheme and FEC overhead model  Describe multiple access using FDMA, TDMA, CDMA  Describe how Delay Spread and Doppler Spread effect and OFDMA small-scale fading  Determine Near-field and Far-field regions of an  Perform a path loss analysis for a NLOS environment antenna

Course Outline Introduction to Wireless Technologies Digital Modulation and Error Correction Techniques Link Budget Analysis Techniques  A Brief History of Wireless Communications  Analog and Digital Modulation  Noise and Noise Sources  The Continuing Evolution of Wireless  Getting More Bits per Baud  Link Budget Considerations Technologies  Error Correction Techniques  Budgeting the Radio Link  Overview of Modern Wireless Technologies Physical Layers and Multiple access Techniques Line-of-Sight Radio Propagation Radio Wave Characteristics  Basic Access Techniques  Defining Line-of-Sight  The Electro-magnetic Spectrum  OFDM and OFDMA  Line-of-Sight Path Loss Analysis  Propagation Modes of Radio Waves  Spread Spectrum and CDMA The Non-Line-of-Sight Propagation Environment  Radio Spectrum: Licensed and License Basics of Antennas and Antenna Systems  Non-Line-of-Sight Propagation Mechanisms Exempt  E-M Field Radiation: Intentional and  Impairments due to Time Dispersal Fundamental Radio Concepts Unintentional Modeling Propagation Loss in a NLOS  Basics of Information Transfer for Radio   Basic Antenna Types and Uses Environment  Working with Decibels—Gains, Losses,  Basic Antenna Characteristics Power Levels  Antenna Field Regions  Basic Radio Components Care and Feeding of Antennas  Wireless Impairments: Internal Noise and  Distortion  Antenna Diversity Techniques  Advanced Antenna Systems

106 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding Satellite Communications: Earth Station Design and Analysis™ Course Length 4 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description Throughout this course, the student will gain an in-depth understanding of the technical aspects of earth station design, deployment and link budget analysis through calculator exercises and detailed analysis using provided spreadsheets. Each module of this course builds upon the previous modules, culminating in a complete performance analysis of a Satellite network, based on equipment specifications, system configuration and satellite parameters. Prerequisites Corresponding Courses There are no prerequisites for this title. There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. Expected Outcomes Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:  Develop a system design based on communications requirements and limitations  Select system components, based on their specifications, to satisfy system requirements  Perform detailed EIRP and G/T analysis  Establish proper signal levels for optimum performance  Select the proper access technique based on system requirements and network topology  Perform availability analysis based on required fade margin, equipment reliability and sparing strategy  Perform detailed end-to-end link budget analysis based on system limitations and equipment parameters Course Outline Digital Communications for Geosynchronous Satellites Earth Station Design  Digital vs. Analog  A Comparison of Access Techniques  Line Codes: Bit Rate, Baud Rate and Bandwidth  Uplink Design Considerations  Voice Encoding Techniques: Bandwidth vs. Latency  Downlink Design Considerations  Digital Communications Protocols  Determining System Availability  Network Timing and Synchronization Link Analysis Techniques Geosynchronous Satellites  Overview of Link Analysis  Satellite Communications Overview  Spreading Loss and Path Loss  Geosynchronous Satellites: Strengths and Weaknesses  Satellite Transponder Parameters  Overview of Satellite Access Techniques  Performing Link Budgets for Bent-pipe Satellites Earth Station Equipment  Ka-band and Processing Satellites  A Quick Review of Decibels  The Electromagnetic Spectrum  Radio Building Blocks  Earth Station Uplink Equipment  Antennas and Tracking Systems  Earth Station Downlink Equipment  Modems and Error Correction  Thermal Noise and C/N  Power and M&C Systems

IP Networks Curriculum Overview IP Networks are the fastest growing area of communications, being deployed in landline and wireless environments. TRA's IP Networks curriculum provides courses, which help students keep up with all the changes. Courses found within this curriculum offer broad and deep coverage of IP technologies and networks such as TCP/IP, IP routing, the basics IP networking, details of VPNs, MPLS, Quality of Service, IP Telephony, IP Mobility, e-Commerce, IP Security and IPv6. Any professional desiring a good understanding of the technology reshaping the communications industry, will want to investigate the courses within TRA's IP Networks curriculum.

IP Networks Curriculum Courses Understanding IPv6 Understanding the Basics of Data Communications See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum Understanding TCP/IP Understanding Network Security Understanding IP Networking and VPNs Understanding MPLS VPNs Understanding Voice Over IP See the product page found in the Core Networks Curriculum Understanding Quality of Service (QoS) See the product page found in the Core Networks Curriculum Understanding SIP Understanding IMS for All-IP Networks See the product page found in the Core Networks Curriculum

Description IPv4 has been used in public and private networks for over 25 years, steadily supporting the growth of the Internet and a growing list of applications. But IPv4 is straining to keep abreast with the size of networks and the broader range of new service requirements. IPv6 has been designed to specifically address these requirements and is moving into the mainstream via widespread development across products and growing network deployments. This course details the new capabilities of IPv6, from new address formats and types to enhanced Quality of Service and Security capabilities. With a change in IP also comes a change in the routing protocols that support IP networks and companion protocols such as DHCP, DNS and ICMP. These changes are described and illustrated with examples. With the growth of wireless access technologies, mobility is a key capability for IP, and this course shows how IPv6 supports this important area. The challenges and alternative solutions for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 are also discussed. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students in technical positions looking to understand the The following has corresponding information: role of IPv6 in emerging IP Networks.  NET101: Basics of the Internet and Internet Prerequisites Protocols e-Topic  ILT: Understanding TCP/IP  NET220: Understanding TCP/IP e-Digest  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data Expected Outcomes Communications Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  Clearly understand, evaluate, and explain the use of IPv6 and the potential communications opportunities it presents Course Outline Introduction to IPv6 Routing Protocols  History of IPv6  Routing Protocol Review  Motivation for Moving to IPv6  RIP for IPv6  IPv6 Deployment Status  OSPF and IS-IS for IPv6  IPv6 Activities and Resources  BGP for IPv6 IPv6 Headers Quality of Service and Security  IPv6 Header Fields  IPv6 Quality of Service Basics  Extension Headers  Quality of Service Techniques  Packet Size Considerations  Security Basics IPv6 Addressing  IPSec  Address Format  IPv6 Security Issues  Unicast Addresses Mobility  Anycast and Multicast Addresses  Mobile IP Basics  Assigning Addresses  Bidirectional Tunneling IPv6 Companion Protocols  Route Optimization  ICMPv6 Basics IPv4 to IPv6: Coexistence and Migration  ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery  Basics of Transition  ICMPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery  Tunneling Techniques  DNS and DHCP  Translation Techniques  Other Transition Issues Summary

Description This course provides a technical overview of the Internet Protocol suite commonly known as TCP/IP. TCP/IP is the underlying protocol suite used for the Internet, IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), and Voice over IP (VoIP) making it the most prevalent form of global communications. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students desiring to understand the role of the TCP/IP The following has corresponding information: protocol suite when connecting to and using the Internet.  NET220: Understanding TCP/IP e-Digest Prerequisites  NET121: Introduction to IPv6 e-Topic Students should have a fundamental understanding of Expected Outcomes packet switching, data networking and layered Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: communications, by taking:  Clearly understand, evaluate, explain TCP/IP and  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data the potential communications opportunities it Communications presents Course Outline Course Introduction Quality of Service (QoS)  Importance of TCP/IP and Key Definitions  Network Performance Factors  Theory of Packet Construction and Layering  Generic Approaches: Prioritization and Queuing Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing and Routing  Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)  Symbolic and Numeric IP Addresses  Differentiated Services (DiffServ)  IP Routing and Route Tables  Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)  Routing Protocols: OSPF, RIP, IS-IS, BGP  Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) and Real-Time  Tier 1 ISPs and Local ISPs Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)  Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) Related Protocols and Applications  Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addressing  Application Layer: SMTP, POP, IMAP, HTTP, Internet Protocol (IP) HTML, FTP, SNMP  Connectionless vs. Connection-Oriented  IP Adjunct Protocols: ICMP  IPv4 Header Fields Network Security  IPv6 Header Fields  Security Risks  IPv4 to IPv6 Transition  Access Control with Firewalls Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)  Privacy Control with Encryption  Sockets and Layer 4 Port Numbers  Identification Control with Authentication and  Virtual Connection (VC) Setup, Data Transfer, and Certification Teardown  Applying Security Techniques  Reliable Data Delivery Summary  Congestion and Flow Control User Data Protocol (UDP)  The UDP Protocol  Application Example: VoIP

Description An enormous number of Network Security approaches are available to assure secure communications for a wide range of requirements. The landscape runs the gamut from firewall configuration to Virtual Private Network services to application- level cryptography. Each comes with its own cost and management issues, so the design of a Network Security solution for any organization involves many tradeoffs. This course describes the different types of internal and external attacks that may occur, best practices for protecting against internal and external attacks, and introduces the various security techniques for protecting against them. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who want to understand the goals and The following has corresponding information: implementation options for how to protect networks against  NET113: Overview of IP Network Security e-Topic internal and external intercept, intrusion, and deception.  SEC105: WLAN Security e-Topic Prerequisites  WIR253: IP Limitations for Mobile Users e-Topic Students may find it helpful to have a basic understanding Expected Outcomes of networking by taking: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Understand the possible security challenges Communications  Explain the implementation options Course Outline What is the IP Network Security Anatomy of a Firewall Secure Stream Protocols Problem  Types and Basic Functions  Secure Sockets Layer (SSL),  Objectives, Overview and  Advanced Firewalls: Intrusion Transport Layer Security (TLS) History Detection, Deep Inspection,  Secure Shell  Current Goal of Secure IP Integrated Security Appliances  Secure Applications Networking  Deployment Issues Wireless Network Security  Security Requirements Virtual Private Networks  Wired Equivalent Privacy Policy and Procedures  Types of VPNs  Wi-Fi Protected Access  Systematic Approach to  VPN Technologies: MPLS,  802.11i, 802.1x Access Control Security PPTP, L2TP, IPSec, TLS, SSH  Evolution and Future Directions  Policy Definition  Evolution and Future Directions Server and Client Security  Layered Defenses: Physical, IP Security (IPSec)  Network-Borne System Network, System, Information  Securing IP Packets (AH and Threats: Viruses, Spyware, (Data) Security ESP) Spam  Defense in Depth: Network  Authentication and Key  System Security Measures Perimeter, Server, Client, Exchange (IKE)  Network Admission and Intrusion and Anomaly  Extensions for Remote Access Endpoint Control Detection  Evolution of IPSec and Future Example Hacker Attacks / Case Protocols and Cryptography Directions Studies Overview  Attacks Against Perimeter  Security Protocols and Firewalls Services  Attacks Against IPSec VPNs  Cryptography Overview:  Attacks Against Applications Symmetric vs. Asymmetric,  Attacks Against Mobile Devices Public vs. Private Keys  Evolution of Attack Sources,  Key Exchange and Delivery Tools, Vectors, and Future Threats

111 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding IP Networking and VPNs™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description Increasingly, IP-VPNs provide a single, global network for exchanging data, fax, voice and multimedia. This course explains the important underlying functionality provided by the Internet Protocol (IP) suite in support of IP-Virtual Private Networks (IP-VPNs) as a means of integrating both data and voice. The course addresses performance and security issues of IP networks, routing, and the alternative architectures for implementing VPNs, including the use of Mutli-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS). Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students wanting a good understanding of how IP works The following has corresponding information: over Wide Area Networks (WANs) and Local Area  NET110: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs Networks (LANs), private and public implementations, and e-Digest network security.  NET121: Introduction to IPv6 e-Topic Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Students should have a fundamental understanding of Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: packet switching, data networking and layered  Apply the layered protocol model to different communications, by taking: products and services  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Identify IP-VPNs opportunities Communications Course Outline Course Introduction Quality of Service (QoS)  Advantages of IP Networks  VoIP as a Real-Time Application  Layered Services  Defining Quality of Service  VPN Motivations and Goals  Differentiated Services (DiffServe) Internet Protocol  Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)  Connectionless vs. Connection-Oriented Protocols Network Security  Internet Protocol (IP) Architecture  Attack Types, Policy Setting, Goals  IP Address Methods and Management  Firewalls, Proxy Servers  IP Routing Protocols  Encryption, Authentication and Certificates,  IP Version 6 Tunneling and IPSec Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User VPN Solutions Datagram Protocol (UDP)  VPN Architectures  Layer 4 Functions – Port Numbers o Site-to-Site, Remote Access, Extranet  TCP Functions  VPNs and Layering o Virtual Connection Setup  Types of VPNs o Reliability o Virtual Lease Line o Congestion and Flow Control o Virtual Private LAN  UDP Functions o Virtual Private Dial Network o Virtual Private Routed Network  Comparing VPN Solutions o MPLS vs. Non-MPLS Implementations Summary

Description MPLS and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)-based VPNs are increasingly being deployed because MPLS provides for a decoupling of IP addresses from the control architecture enabling improved functionality, simplification, lowered costs, new levels of Service Level Agreements (SLAs), and additional levels of security. This course details MPLS procedures and processes, takes a step-by-step approach to standards, and illustrates how traffic engineering and Quality of Service (QoS) are leveraged with VPN flexible addressing and security. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who want to understand the power of MPLS and The following has corresponding information: master the issues, terms, and requirements associated with  NET159: Understanding MPLS VPNs e-Digest MPLS networks. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Students should have an understanding of MPLS, RSVP,  Explain why the implementation of MPLS and BGP- BGP and TCP/IP by taking: based MPLS VPNs have emerged as high-growth  ILT: Understanding Multiprotocol Label Switching areas for service providers and enterprise networks o ILT: Understanding ATM  Understand how MPLS VPNs improve functionality, . ILT: Understanding the Basics of simplify operational costs, and improve network Communications Networks scalability for VPN services while continuing to . ILT: Understanding the Basics of support security and Quality of Service. Data Communications  Understand the IETF standards for MPLS VPN o ILT: Understanding TCP/IP functions and processes . ILT: Understanding the Basics of  Identify the routers and switches that enable MPLS Data Communications VPNs o ILT: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs . ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications Course Outline Course Introduction Basic MPLS Layer 3 VPN Set-up Steps  Definition, Components, Services  Network Overview  VPN Services  Basic Packet Processing Steps MPLS Fundamentals Review MPLS Layer3 VPN Details and Tool Set  MPLS Labels, Label Switched Paths  VPN Routing and Forwarding Tables  MPLS Signaling and Routing  Route Distinguishers and Route Targets Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPN Review MPLS Layer 1 and Layer 2 VPNs  Layer 2 - Network VPN Technologies  Pseudowire Concepts and Setup  Layer 3 - IP VPN Technologies  Pseudowire Data Plane  Future Direction and Opportunities  Ethernet Services Using BGP for Label Distribution MPLS VPN Performance  BGP in IP Networks  MPLS VPN QOS Goals  BGP Message Formats  Hose Model and Pipe Model  BGP Extensions for MPLS and MPLS VPNs  Integrating DiffServe, Queueing and Constraint- based Routing MPLS VPN Security  MPLS VPN Security Requirements  MPLS VPNs with IPSec Tunnels  IPSec at Ingress and Egress PEs Summary

Description Voice over IP (VoIP) is growing rapidly in both enterprise and public networks. Drivers for this growth include lower cost, and the ability to offer new services. SIP is at the heart of many VoIP deployments and is especially important for the support of services such as presence or web-related features. This course details SIP's capabilities, its interworking with other networks and protocols, implementation issues, why SIP has become a dominant network control protocol, and its likely evolution. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding the details of SIP. The following has corresponding information: Technical personnel, such as deployment engineers will  VOP204: VoIP Call Control: SIP e-Topic enjoy this course. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Students interested in understanding the details of SIP.  Understand the characteristics of the SIP protocol Technical personnel, such as deployment engineers will and how it supports IP based communications enjoy this course.  Describe SIP's interworking with other networks  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data and protocols Communications  Identify possible deployment issues and ways to address  Explain why SIP has become a dominant network control protocol, and highlight its likely evolution Course Outline Introduction and Overview of Media Streams in SIP Sessions Security and Session Border SIP and VoIP  Media Packets in an IP Networks Control  The Voice over IP Market o RTP/RTCP  SIP Security Issues  Evolution of SIP o Media Coding  Authentication and  SIP Benefits and  Session Description Protocol (SDP) Encryption Services  SIP and Quality of Service  Firewalls and NATs  SIP Components and SIP Extensions (Network Address Architecture  Third Party Call Control Translation)  Basic Call Control with  Presence and Instant Messaging  Secure RTP (SRTP) SIP  Multiparty Sessions  Session Border Control SIP Servers  Enhanced Service Examples SIP Evolution  Proxy Servers Interworking with other Networks and Protocols  SIP Interoperability and  Redirect Servers  Interworking with other VoIP Call Control Peering  Registration Protocols  Packet Cable  Locating SIP Servers o H.323  Wireless and IMS SIP Messages and Procedures o MEGACO/H.248/MGCP  Future Capabilities and  SIP Message Structure  Interworking with the Public Switched Implementations  Transactions, Dialogs, Telephone Network (PSTN) Summary and Sessions o SS7 for Call Control  Message Reliability and o Softswitch Timers o SS7 Integration with SIP (SIP-T,  Basic Call Flows and SCTP/SIGTRAN) Service Examples o Addressing (ENUM)

Broadband Networks Curriculum Overview User's insatiable appetite for higher and higher bandwidth never wanes. To keep pace, broadband technologies are required. TRA's Broadband Networks curriculum provides courses that explain the switching and transmission technologies used by service providers offering broadband services. Courses within this curriculum describe technologies such as Digital Subscriber Line, Ethernet in public networks, high-speed wireless in fixed and mobile Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), Frame Relay, SONET/SDH, optical access and backbone networks, and their associated broadband services and applications. Students gain practical knowledge by taking the courses found within TRA's Broadband Networks curriculum.

Broadband Networks Curriculum Courses Understanding Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum Understanding Public Ethernet Understanding Digital Subscriber Lines Understanding Optical Networks Understanding the Basics of SONET and Optical Networking Understanding Advanced SONET/SDH Understanding the Basics of Data Communications See the product page found in the Network Fundamentals Curriculum Understanding the Basics of Broadcast Video Technology Understanding ATM Understanding Advanced ATM Understanding Multiprotocol Label Switching Understanding Voice Over ATM

115 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) ™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description Video service is moving from its traditional architecture to new wired, fiber, and wireless service delivery platforms. "Triple Play" and "Quad Play" services are a major trend in the communications industry. A key enabling new technology for this trend is Internet Protocol TV (IPTV). This course provides an overview of the IPTV market segments, architectures, technology, and services. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Professionals desiring an overview of IPTV market The following has corresponding information: segments, architecture, technologies, and use of IPTV for  VID100: Understanding the Basics of Video "triple play" services. Broadcasting e-Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes The following is recommended: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  ILT: Understanding Emerging Technologies  Understand IPTV, applications, and markets  Describe IPTV-based Telco TV architecture and its elements for "triple play" services  Understand the options of IPTV using Internet as the TV distribution channel  Describe new, emerging IPTV distribution  Understand the options for IPTV home networking Course Outline Course Introduction and Overview IPTV Enabling Technologies IPTV Distribution Architectures  What is IPTV?  IPTV Concept  Internet TV vs. IPTV  Motivation for IPTV?  Program Acquisition and Head  IPTV via FTTx and xDSL  Course Overview End  IPTV via FTTP Video Basics Review  Digital Compression, MPEG-2,  IPTV via Cable  Properties of Human Vision MPEG-4  IPTV via Satellite  TV/Video Fundamentals  IPTV Quality of Service  IPTV via Metro Wi-Fi  NTSC and PAL Formats  IPTV and Switched Video  IPTV via WiMAX  Digital Video  IGMP and Multicast  Over the Top IPTV Traditional Video Delivery Systems  IPTV Video on Demand (VoD) Emerging Video Distribution  Broadcast TV  RTSP Concepts  Cable TC  IPTV Middleware  Video on Cell phones  Direct Broadcast Satellite TV  IPTV Set Top Box  MediaFLO  Triple Play Services  Electronic Program Guide  DVB-H  Quad Play Services  IPTV Digital Rights Management  T-DMB (DRM)  MBMS  IPTV Conditional Access IPTV Home Networking Security (CAS)  Wiring  Wi-Fi  Set Top Boxes  DVRs Summary

Description Analysts estimate that more than 98% of all data transmissions start and end on an Ethernet connection. Although, once limited to application use within a business facility, Ethernet is now used in metropolitan and even wide area networks. This course provides a basic introduction to Public Ethernet, and the requirements for efficient operation. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding how the most The following has corresponding information: common interface in data communications is being  NET103: Ethernet Switching and VPNs e-Topic deployed for use within carrier networks. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Completion of entry-level communications courses such as  Describe the evolution of Ethernet and the changes provided by TRA courses: that have allowed it to be extended to the public  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications network Networks  Compare and contrast the alternatives for offering  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data public Ethernet services including raw Ethernet, Communications Ethernet over SONET/SDH, Resilient Packet Ring, and Ethernet over MPLS Course Outline Course Introduction and Overview Ethernet over Time Division Interfaces  Framing Options (GFP, PPP, MLPPP) Ethernet Evolution  DS1, DS3 and SONET/SDH Transport  Rates and Functions  Virtual Concatenation and Link Capacity Adjustment  Standards and Naming Conventions Resilient Packet Ring  Providers  Transport Options, Frame Structure Ethernet Protocol  Traffic Handling and Protection  Media Access Control Ethernet over MPLS  Full/Half Duplex, Flow Control, Link Aggregation  MPLS VPN Network Elements  VLANs, Class of Service and Phys  Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) Ethernet Networks  Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)  Bridging/Switching  IP only LAN Service (IPLS)  Spanning Tree and Rapid Spanning Tree  Scalability and Hybrid Networks  Routed Networks Summary Metro Ethernet  Services and Attributes  Bandwidth Profiles  Network Architectures

117 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding Digital Subscriber Lines™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description DSL attracts more subscribers than cable for high-speed Internet access in all areas but North America, while gaining attention as replacements for business private lines, and delivering digital video programming. This course addresses the practical issues of DSL; how bits are formatted and sent; and how to test, ensure and guarantee the performance on a copper loop. The strengths and weaknesses of DSL variants, where DSL is deployed and why, the latest developments, and new generation DSLAMs are provided. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students seeking fundamental knowledge of how the The following has corresponding information: technology works and the potential.  NET230: Understanding DSL e-Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Students should understand basic communications by Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: taking:  Explain DSL from a technical perspective  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications  Understand how the varying forms serve the market Networks  Describe way to deploy  ILT: Understanding Voice Communications: A Technical Introduction Course Outline Introduction to DSL ADSL Higher Layer Protocol Options  Perspective: History, Trends, Architecture  Protocol Basics: IP, ATM and Frame Relay Alternatives, Access Methods  Network Access: Cell and Frame Telco Access  Impact of DSL Forum network access TR's  Traditional and Internet Access Components DSL Maintenance and Performance  Analog and Digital Transmission  ADSL Initialization Sequence  Local Loops and Impairments  ADSL Channels Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)  Operational Considerations: Wiring, Handling  Definition, Standards and Applications Crosstalk, Loop Testing and Qualification  Coding Techniques Other Digital Subscriber Lines (xDSLs)  Frames and Channels  Historical Perspective  Deployment: Splitters, Modems, DSLAMs  The xDSLs  ADSL2 and ADSL2+ o HDSL, SHDSL, VDSL, SDSL, IDSL, ISDN,  Choosing the Best Fit DSL DSL  Regulatory and Competitive Issues Summary

Description The growing base of cable modem and DSL subscribers, the deployment of 3rd Generation wireless technologies, the increasing availability of 802.11 wireless LANs and applications such as online gaming, video distribution, video conferencing and music file sharing create new bandwidth demands. Optical is the technology most able to affordably scale to meet the transport requirements.

This course introduces the basic terminology, concepts, capabilities, and issues associated with the optical revolution. The course addresses the optical infrastructure and issues such as management and control. More specifically, included are, optical fundamentals, new SONET/SDH protocols, DWDM essentials, automated provisioning systems based on Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching, and more. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who have a need for an intermediate level of The following has corresponding information: understanding of optical networks.  OPT220: Understanding Optical Networks e-Digest Prerequisites Expected Outcomes Students should understand communications basics and Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: SONET by taking:  Understand basics terminology, directions, potential  ILT: Understanding the Basics of SONET and and issues of optical networks Optical Networking o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks Course Outline Basics of Optics Next Generation SONET / SDH  Nature of Light; Optical Fiber  Virtual Concatenation and Link Capacity Adjustment  Transmitters and Receivers  Generic Framing Procedure and Forward Error  Dispersion and Nonlinear Effects Correction Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing  Optical Transport Network  History, Components, Fiber Choices, Bandwidth Fiber to the Premises Potential  Passive Optical Networks  Amplifiers and Dispersion Management  Fiber to the Node  Ultra Long Haul  Ethernet in the First Mile SONET / SDH Overview DWDM Networks  Typical Equipment, Rates and Formats  Architectures, Equipment  Topologies and Protections  Layers, Topologies, Protection  Operations, Administration and Maintenance  Benefits and Challenges  Comparisons and Benefits Optical Network Control  Interfaces and Architectures  IP Routing Integration and MPLS

119 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding the Basics of SONET and Optical Networking™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description This course is designed to introduce students to the SONET/SDH standard and the basic concepts of optical networking. A network using SONET/SDH and dense wavelength division multiplexing provides powerful networking capabilities, rapid reconfiguration around network failures, and the ability for responsive network expansion, efficient network management, and multiprotocol support. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students seeking an introduction to SONET/SDH and The following has corresponding information: optical networking, including network and equipment  OPT220: Understanding Optical Networks e-Digest designers, network planners, members of internal-systems Expected Outcomes organizations, and sales and sales support personnel. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Describe the relevant technologies, Students should understand basic communications by implementation, and evolution taking:  Discuss profitable and non-profitable applications  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks Course Outline Introduction and Overview Network Management  Perspective: Definition, Protocol Model, Evolution  Standards: Telecommunications Management Scenario, and Market Acceptance Networks (TMNs), Management Networks (SMNs) Overview of SONET and SDH  Using Overhead (STS-1) for Network Management  Optic Fundamentals and Digital Hierarchy Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)  Building SONET Networks: Channels, Tributaries,  Drivers for WEM and DWDM Interfaces  Basics and Future of Fiber, WDM and DWDM Using SONET/SDH  Deployment Strategies and Applications  Frame Structure: Framing and Pointers  Interoperability Issues  Comparison: SONET vs. SDH Optical Networking Update SONET Applications  Optical Switching, Cross-Connecting Wavelengths  Point-to-Point Implementations  R&D, Fiber Advances, Future Standards  Digital Loop Carrier Systems Summary  Rings: Local Access, Network Backbone  ATM on SONET

Description User's insatiable appetite for higher and higher bandwidth never wanes. To keep pace, broadband technologies such as SONET/SDH are required. This course provides considerable technical depth into the workings of SONET/SDH, network management, and optical equipment such as dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). This intense and technically detailed course will be particularly beneficial to design engineers who are developing or sustaining SONET/SDH equipment, system test engineers, and installation and maintenance engineers or technicians. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Design for engineers who are developing or sustaining There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. SONET/SDH equipment, system test engineers, and Expected Outcomes installation and maintenance engineers or technicians. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Describe SONET/SDH and broadband Students should understand basic communications by technologies, including their applications, taking either or both of: implementation and evolution  ILT: Understanding the Basics of SONET and  Detail why synchronization is important, how all Optical Networking versions of SONET/SDH protection switching work, o ILT: Understanding the Basics of the differences of SONET vs. SDH, and their Communications Networks respective advantages and disadvantages Course Outline Course Introduction and Overview SONET/SDH Path Overhead... continued  Mappings Carrier Networking Concepts: Digital Voice and o DS-3 into SPS-1 SPE and VC-3 Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) o E-4 into STS-3c SPE and VC-4  Digital Network Synchronization o Packet over SONET  Timing and Synchronization Concepts o ATM Cell  PDH Relationships, Network Elements and o 10G Ethernet over SONET Limitations  Simplified Data Link Protocol (SDP)  Frequency Justification SONET/SDH Network Elements and Applications SONET/SDH: Protocols and Concepts  Multiplexers: Terminal (TMs), Add/Drop (ADMs)  Features and Benefits  Automatic Protection Switching (APS): Linear APS,  Evolution from PDH to SONET/SDH Plesiochronous 1+1, 1:n; Bidirectional and Unidirectional Networks  Rings: UPSR and BLSR, MS-USHR, Virtual Rings,  Building Blocks, Architecture and Rates SNCP, MS-SP Ring, and MS-DP Ring  Pointers: Processing, Adjustments, Justifications,  Concatenation: Virtual, Non-SONET/SDH Errors  Digital Cross Connects SONET/SDH Path Overhead and Payload Mappings  Next Generation Digital Loop Carrier (NGDLC)  Compare and Contrast  Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexers o STS-1 SPE and AU-3 (DSLAM) o STS-3c SPE and AU-4  SONET/SDH Interfaces of Switches and Routers  Limitations and Resolution Approaches Summary

121 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding the Basics of Broadcast Video Technology™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description The course begins by laying a foundation of video knowledge with a discussion of human vision, video formats, digital video, compression techniques and the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 Part 10 standards. We then examine the services, capabilities, network architectures and future trends for Cable TV, Direct Broadcast Satellite, IPTV, and Internet TV with an emphasis on the video distribution architectures being used by Telco’s. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding video fundamentals There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. and the technologies behind video distribution. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Students should understand basic data communications by  Understand the fundamentals of video and video taking: distribution  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications  Describe the network architectures of each of the Networks major players in video distribution  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Summarize the technology challenges, strengths Communications and weaknesses for each of the different networks used to distribute video programming Course Outline Today's Dynamic Video Marketplace Cable TV TelcoTV / Internet Protocol TV  "Triple Play" Services  Modern Hybrid Fiber/Coax  New Service Capabilities  Technology Creative Networks  Network Architecture Destruction  Technology Trends  ADSL2+ and VDSL2  Competing Service Providers o Video on Demand  Service Providers and AT&T U- Video Basics o DOCSIS 3.0 Verse  Properties of Human Vision o Switched Digital Video  Video QoE  TV/Video Fundamentals o HDTV Deployment  Network Design Challenges  NTSC Signal o Cable Labs Standards o Availability  Digital Video Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) TV o Bandwidth  Consumer Tips  Architecture and Services Management Video Compression  Technology Trends o Lost Packets  Compression Tools Modern Fiber to the Premises o Channel Change Time  MPEG Standards Architecture Internet Video  Passive Optical Network Basics  "Over the Top" Video  Verizon FiOS  Video to the PC, Cell phone,  GPON and EPON iPOD, TV, and Non-Traditional IP Multicast Receivers  Multicast Networks and  Digital Rights Management Protocols (DRM)  Internet Group Management Summary and Future Trends Protocol

Description This course provides an understanding of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), which may reside within access or backbone networks. Although ATM isn't "visible" as a service to users, it is essential to the provisioning of many other services. As a major technology for integrating voice, data, and video traffic on a single network, it is important to understand where and how ATM is provisioned in support of voice, IP, DSL and Frame Relay services. This course also present an overview of Voice over ATM. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals who wish to understand The following has corresponding information: current ATM technologies, where ATM is deployed in a  ATM110: Understanding ATM e-Digest network, and the issues involved in migrating non-ATM Expected Outcomes traffic to ATM. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Understand and appreciate the basics of ATM Students should have completed:  Understand why ATM is considered so significant to  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications the communications industry as a solution for many Networks of the networking challenges in both the access and  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data backbone networks Communications Course Outline Course Introduction and Overview Services Provided to Users  Service Classes and Adaptation Types ATM: A Business Perspective  Quality of Service  What is ATM and its Business Advantages  User Specific Service Requirements  Status of the ATM Market  Call Establishment and Signaling  Comparison with FR and IP ATM Protocol ATM Overview  Congestion Control  Combining Circuit and Packet Modes  Network Management  Using ATM for Data, Video and Voice  Header Functions  Virtual Paths and Virtual Channels Voice over ATM  Permanent and Switched Virtual Circuits  ATM Adaptation Layer and QoS for Voice  Evolution to an ATM Network  Trunking Alternatives ATM Standards and Interfaces  Distributed Architecture  The ATM Forum  Media Gateway Control  International Standards Selected Topics  ATM over Fiber  Video over ATM  ATM for Access  Broadband Access using ATM  Interfaces: UNI, PNNI and ILMI  Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Description This course goes beyond the basics of ATM providing students with a solid understanding of how ATM is deployed in modern multi-technology networks. With a focus on the technical and engineering aspects of ATM, IP, and Frame Relay, this course describes the equipment, services, and issues surrounding ATM implementation. Associated business issues are also addressed. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Telecommunications professionals looking for a The following has corresponding information: comprehensive understanding of ATM, including the  ATM210: Understanding Advanced ATM e-Digest technical, engineering, and business aspects of ATM, IP Expected Outcomes and Frame Relay, and their role in today's networks. Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Prerequisites  Describe how ATM works with other protocols Students should have completed:  Understand in-depth engineering complexities  ILT: Understanding ATM  Identify equipment, services and associated issues o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications Networks o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications Course Outline Review of ATM Switching and Routing over ATM  Interfaces  ATM LAN Emulation (LANE)  Protocol  Classical Internet Protocol (CLIP) / ATM ATM for Public Carrier Backbones  Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)  ATM as a Frame Relay Backbone  Comparing the Alternatives  ATM for Circuit Emulation Video over ATM  Internet Backbone  MPEG vs. H.261 vs. H.263 ATM Service Interworking  Video on Demand (VoD)  Connecting ATM and Frame Relay Sites  High-Resolution Video Conferencing Quality of Service in ATM and IP  Services and Applications  Delay and Loss Broadband Access  Comparisons of DiffServ, IntServ and RSVP  ATM over DSL ATM Service Interworking  Voice over DSL  Dynamic Routing  Wireless ATM  Hierarchical Subnetwork Structure  ATM in 3G Wireless  QoS-Based Routing  Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA)  PNNI Routing and Signaling  ATM Passive Optical Network (APON)  Guaranteeing QoS  ATM-MPLS Network Interworking Summary

124 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding Multiprotocol Label Switching™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description Although it is challenging to manage the separate control planes of Internet Protocol (IP) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), both are often deployed. By using Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), service providers can consolidate networks, offer new VPN services, and achieve operational cost savings. This course provides a technical and practical orientation into the challenges and solutions presented by Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS). The architecture, signaling extensions for Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) and routing protocol to support constraint-based routing, and the effect of these new designs on IP and ATM networking are described. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students who need a basic understanding of MPLS. The following has corresponding information: Prerequisites  NET150: Understanding MPLS e-Topic Students should have a basic understanding of TCP/IP and Expected Outcomes ATM by taking: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  ILT: Understanding ATM  Understand the solution that MPLS proposes for o ILT: Understanding the Basics of the problem of managing a multi-layer network Communications Networks  Identify the MPLS services that can be used for o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data revenue generation Communications  Consider the technical advantages and  ILT: Understanding TCP/IP disadvantages of deployment in networks o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data  Form a swift and detailed knowledge base for the Communications design of networks that feature MPLS  ILT: Understanding IP Networking and VPNs o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data Communications Course Outline Evolution to Label Swapping: An Introduction Constraint-Based Routing in MPLS Networks  Definition of Label Switching  Overview of Routing  MPLS Standards  Constraint-based Routing  Early Models  Enhancing OSPF and IS-IS Principles of MPLS  Fast Rerouting of LSP Tunnels  Forward Equivalence Classes (FECs) Quality of Service (QoS) in MPLS Networks  Label Switch Routers (LSRs)  MPLS and QoS  MPLS Labels  MPLS Support of Integrated Services (IntServ)  MPLS Label Switch Paths (LSPs)  MPLS Support of Differentiated Services (DiffServ) MPLS Label Distribution MPLS Applications  Loop Prevention and Detection  Traffic Engineering in Backbone Networks  Ordered vs. Independent Control  VPN Services using MPLS  Downstream Unsolicited vs. On-Demand Operation  VoIP over MPLS  Conservative vs. Liberal Label Retention  Emerging MPLS Application: Voice over Packet  Penultimate Hop Popping Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Signaling in MPLS  GMPLS in Optical Networking  Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)  Link Management Protocol  Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering  OSPF and RSVP Modifications for GMPLS (RSVP-TE) Summary  Example Implementations

Description This course provides a detailed understanding of how voice is transported over ATM. Both the access and backbone networks are addressed. Wireless ATM and ATM over DSL, and alternatives for CBR voice and AAL2 Trunking for VBR voice are explained for ATM access and backbone, respectively. Advantages of distributing functionality across a range of devices is described as are carrier strategies for migrating voice to ATM, and how to perform network tuning to reduce voice quality issues. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students seeking network solutions for delivering voice, There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. data and video services on a single network. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Students should understand packet switching by taking:  Describe the alternative ways of transporting Voice  ILT: Understanding ATM over ATM in the backbone and access networks o ILT: Understanding the Basics of  Compare the strengths and weaknesses of Voice Communications Networks over ATM and Voice over IP, covering QoS, o ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data signaling, web integration, and other issues Communications Course Outline Course Introduction and Overview Voice over IP  IP Addressing and Routing PSTN Overview  User Datagram Protocol (UDP)  RTP and RTCP Protocols Voice Coding QoS in ATM and IP  Waveform and Linear Predictive Coding  ATM QoS  Impacts of Delay  DiffServ and IntServ and RSVP Review of ATM  Comparisons of Alternatives  Interfaces VoATM vs. VoIP  Permanent and Switched Virtual Circuits  The Customer Premises Network  Virtual Paths and Channels  The Public Network  Cell Header and Adaptation Functionality  Signaling Alternatives  Service Classes  QoS Voice over ATM  VoIP over ATM and MPLS  ATM Adaptation Layer and QoS Tuning a Packet Voice Network  Trunking Alternatives  Dynamic Selection of Voice Codec  Media Gateway Control  Echo Cancellation  Network Migration Strategies  Jitter Buffer Sizing VoATM in Broadband Access Networks  Frame Packing  ATM over DSL  Bandwidth Utilization  VoATM over DSL  QoS vs. Over engineering  Wireless ATM for Mobile Telephony  Traffic Engineering

Emerging Technologies Curriculum Overview The advances of communications technologies and market forces have accelerated the demise of earlier technologies and their applications. The Internet is changing the way applications are used, and the insatiable appetite for mobility and bandwidth never wanes. The aggressive deployment of FTTP, Cellular 1xEV-DO, IPv6, LTE, WiMAX, IMS, Cloud based applications and an IP-MPLS core network has significantly changed metro and wide area communications. Industry consolidation is picking up speed with company mergers increasing demand for network interworking and security. Keeping abreast of the changes can be daunting. TRA's highly-acclaimed Emerging Technologies Curriculum helps sort through the complexity of changes.

Emerging Technologies Curriculum Courses Understanding Emerging Technologies Understanding Public Ethernet Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies Understanding IPv6 Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Understanding Emerging Technologies™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description The advances of communications technologies and market forces have accelerated the demise of earlier technologies and their applications. The Internet is changing the way applications are used, and the insatiable appetite for mobility and bandwidth never wanes. The aggressive deployment of FTTP, Cellular 1xEV-DO, VoIP, Softswitch, and an IP-MPLS core network has significantly changed metro and wide area communications. Keeping abreast of the changes can be daunting. TRA's highly acclaimed Emerging Technologies course helps sort the student through the complexity of technology changes. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses This fast paced, system level course is intended for There are no Corresponding Courses for this title. professionals desiring an understanding of next generation Expected Outcomes architecture and technologies, and their place in a highly Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: competitive marketplace. Students attending in previous  Understand the fundamentals of wireline and years will find this year’s content significantly changed. wireless networks for both voice and data Professionals serious about keeping abreast of our ever applications changing industry will attend this course yearly.  Identify terminology and key industry players Prerequisites  Discuss industry directions from both a There are no prerequisites for this title. technological and business perspective  Understand how network evolution continues to evolve in support of new services Course Outline Introduction Emerging Cellular Networks continued  Emerging Technology Definition o GSM/UMTS: EDGE GPRS, UMTS/W-  Next Generation Target Architecture CDMA, HSPA Passive Optical Networks (PON)  4G Direction and Technology  Broadband Passive Optical Network (BPON)  Advanced Wireless Data Services  Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)  Wireless Video Services  Other PON Architectures: Ethernet PON, WDM Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) PON  VoIP Architecture Competitive Access Architectures  Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)  ADSL & VDSL  MEGACO/H.248  Fixed Wireless: WiFi, WiMAX, 2-way Satellite  Residential & Enterprise VoIP Video  Softswitch and IP Multimedia System (IMS)  Video Basics Wide Area Networking  MPEG Compression  Optical Networking and DWDM  Video on Demand  Metro Ethernet  Telco IPTV Architecture  Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Emerging Cellular Networks IP Networking  Evolution to 3G Technologies  IPv4 Concerns o CDMA2000: 1x, 1xEV-DO, 1xEV-DO Rev A  IPv6 Solutions and Status  IP Virtual Private Networks (IPVPN)

Description Analysts estimate that more than 98% of all data transmissions start and end on an Ethernet connection. Although, once limited to application use within a business facility, Ethernet is now used in metropolitan and even wide area networks. This course provides a basic introduction to Public Ethernet, and the requirements for efficient operation. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students interested in understanding how the most The following has corresponding information: common interface in data communications is being  NET103: Ethernet Switching and VPNs e-Topic deployed for use within carrier networks. Expected Outcomes Prerequisites Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: Completion of entry-level communications courses such as  Describe the evolution of Ethernet and the changes provided by TRA courses: that have allowed it to be extended to the public  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Communications network Networks  Compare and contrast the alternatives for offering  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data public Ethernet services including raw Ethernet, Communications Ethernet over SONET/SDH, Resilient Packet Ring, and Ethernet over MPLS Course Outline Course Introduction and Overview Ethernet over Time Division Interfaces  Framing Options (GFP, PPP, MLPPP) Ethernet Evolution  DS1, DS3 and SONET/SDH Transport  Rates and Functions  Virtual Concatenation and Link Capacity Adjustment  Standards and Naming Conventions Resilient Packet Ring  Providers  Transport Options, Frame Structure Ethernet Protocol  Traffic Handling and Protection  Media Access Control Ethernet over MPLS  Full/Half Duplex, Flow Control, Link Aggregation  MPLS VPN Network Elements  VLANs, Class of Service and Phys  Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) Ethernet Networks  Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)  Bridging/Switching  IP only LAN Service (IPLS)  Spanning Tree and Rapid Spanning Tree  Scalability and Hybrid Networks  Routed Networks Summary Metro Ethernet  Services and Attributes  Bandwidth Profiles  Network Architectures

129 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding Emerging Wireless Technologies™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Understanding IPv6™ Course Length 2 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course

Description IPv4 has been used in public and private networks for over 25 years, steadily supporting the growth of the Internet and a growing list of applications. But IPv4 is straining to keep abreast with the size of networks and the broader range of new service requirements. IPv6 has been designed to specifically address these requirements and is moving into the mainstream via widespread development across products and growing network deployments. This course details the new capabilities of IPv6, from new address formats and types to enhanced Quality of Service and Security capabilities. With a change in IP also comes a change in the routing protocols that support IP networks and companion protocols such as DHCP, DNS and ICMP. These changes are described and illustrated with examples. With the growth of wireless access technologies, mobility is a key capability for IP, and this course shows how IPv6 supports this important area. The challenges and alternative solutions for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 are also discussed. Course is Designed for Corresponding Courses Students in technical positions looking to understand the The following has corresponding information: role of IPv6 in emerging IP Networks.  NET101: Basics of the Internet and Internet Prerequisites Protocols e-Topic  ILT: Understanding TCP/IP  NET220: Understanding TCP/IP e-Digest  ILT: Understanding the Basics of Data Expected Outcomes Communications Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:  Clearly understand, evaluate, and explain the use of IPv6 and the potential communications opportunities it presents Course Outline Introduction to IPv6 Routing Protocols  History of IPv6  Routing Protocol Review  Motivation for Moving to IPv6  RIP for IPv6  IPv6 Deployment Status  OSPF and IS-IS for IPv6  IPv6 Activities and Resources  BGP for IPv6 IPv6 Headers Quality of Service and Security  IPv6 Header Fields  IPv6 Quality of Service Basics  Extension Headers  Quality of Service Techniques  Packet Size Considerations  Security Basics IPv6 Addressing  IPSec  Address Format  IPv6 Security Issues  Unicast Addresses Mobility  Anycast and Multicast Addresses  Mobile IP Basics  Assigning Addresses  Bidirectional Tunneling IPv6 Companion Protocols  Route Optimization  ICMPv6 Basics IPv4 to IPv6: Coexistence and Migration  ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery  Basics of Transition  ICMPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery  Tunneling Techniques  DNS and DHCP  Translation Techniques  Other Transition Issues Summary

131 ©1985-2012TRA LLC, All Rights Reserved. Release 6.0 INSTRUCTOR LED TRAINING Understanding RF Network Design for Long Term Evolution (LTE) ™ Course Length 4 day Training Format: ILT Availability: As a public and private course