Cell Organelle Table

CELL ORGANELLE TABLE

ORGANELLE MODEL FUNCTION P/A Barrier between outside and inside of cell PLASMA MEMBRANE Semi-permeable – made of phospholipids and 1 proteins b CELL WALL Rigid structure outside the cell membrane Provides structure/support for plants, fungi & bacteria – made of cellulose, porous, not 2 selective P NUCLEUS Leader – control center of cell Contains instructions for making proteins houses chromatin (blue prints) or strands of 3 DNA b NUCLEOLUS Assembles ribosomes from subunits 4 Found inside the nucleus b NUCLEAR ENVELOPE Protects the DNA from the rest of the cell’s contents - also made of a phospholipid bilayer (MEMBRANE) 5 with nuclear pores instead of proteins b ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC Covered in Ribosomes (appears rough) The Location where proteins are made RETICULUM (RER) 6 Continues off of nuclear envelope b SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC No ribosomes present (appears smooth) RETICULUM (SER) Produce and store lipids and 7 carbohydrates b CYTOPLASM Clear jelly like fluid that suspends the organelle 8 Made mostly of water b RIBOSOME Machines that makes proteins according to the directions of the DNA – not bound by 9 membrane b GOLGI BODY Modify and sorts proteins from RER, Loads them into vesicles and sends them to 10 destinations b Transport proteins (enzymes), lipids (steroids) VESICLE 11 and carbohydrates to specific locations b LYSOSOME Single membrane bound structure that comes 12 from Golgi body – contain enzymes to digest a CENTRIOLE Play an important role in cell division 13 (guide the chromosomes to proper places) a CYTOSKELETON The backbone of the cell – supports the cell (MICROTUBULES, shape, anchors the organelle, provides highway MICROFILIMENTS) 14 system for cellular materials b MITOCHONDRIA Provides energy to the cell by breaking down glucose Take in oxygen and release ATP – numerous in 15 cells b PLASTIDS 16 Chloroplast – location photosynthesis, contain p chlorophyll (CHROMO, CHLORO, AMYLO) Chromoplast – contain carotenoids, yellow to red color Amyloplasts – no pigments, clear, store starch grains CILLIA / FLAGELLA Cillia – short hairs that work like oars on a row boat Flagella – one or two long tails, whips back and forth both provide movement (protista and sperm 17 cells) a VACUOLES Compartment that serve as temporary storage of materials Plants – ONE big vacuole Animals – MANY small 18 vacuoles b