Suplementary Table S2: SLEV strain used in the phylogenetic reconstruction. The table includes genotype, isolation site and year of isolation, strain identification and GenBank acession numbers

Isolation site Geographic area Host Isolation Genbank Genotyping by Strain Year Accesion

Genotype I California, USA West Coast USA BFS508 Unknown 1950 EU306883 May et al., 2008 Kern County, California, USA Western USA BFS1750 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1953 AF205455 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Kern County, California, USA Western USA BFS4772 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1963 AF205454 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Dallas, Texas, USA Southern USA TD6-4G Mosquito Culex pipens 1966 AF205496 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Dallas, Texas, USA Southern USA P17797 Human Homo sapiens 1966 AF205493 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Hale County, Texas, USA Southern USA 68V1587 Mosquito Culiseta inornata 1968 AF205495 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Kern County, California, USA Western USA E22924 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1970 AF205453 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Washington County, Colorado, USA Western USA 72V4749 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1972 EF158069 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Chaves County, NM, USA Western USA 72V1165 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1972 AF205494 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Imperial County, California, USA Western USA IV824 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1978 AF205457 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Imperial County, California, USA West Coast USA BFN1324 Unknown 1978 EU306884 May et al., 2008 Los Angeles, California, USA Western USA SOUE135 Mosquito Culex stigmatosoma 1985 AF205458 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 El Paso County, Texas, USA Southern USA PV7-3389 Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus 1987 AF205491 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Dallas, Texas, USA Southern USA PV0-620 Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus 1989 AF205492 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Riverside County, California, USA Western USA CoAv 750 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1998 AF205456 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001

Genotype II St Louis, Missouri, USA Central USA Parton Human Homo sapiens 1933 AF205509 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V1933 Unknown 1933 EU306886 May et al., 2008 St Louis, Missouri, USA Central USA Hubbard Human Homo sapiens 1937 EU566860 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Miami, Florida, USA Southeast USA FL52Miami Human Homo sapiens 1952 EU906866 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Texas, USA Southern USA TexU1193 Unknown 1954 AF205510 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Texas, USA Southern USA TexM6 Unknown 1955 AF205511 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Rio Grande Valley, TX, USA Southern USA Texas1955 Human 1955 AF205512 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Texas, USA Southern USA Tex16017 Unknown 1959 AF205507 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Tampa, Florida, USA Southeast USA Pinellas 15 Mosquito Culex nigripalpus 1962 AF205468 Auguste et al., 2209 Tampa, Florida, USA Southeast USA GHA-3 Bird Butorides virescens 1962 AF205505 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Jamaica North America J7532 Unknown 1962 EU306885 May et al., 2008 Tampa, Florida, USA Southeast USA TBH28 Human Homo sapiens 1962 AF205469 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Mexico Mexico 65V310 Bird Butorides virescens 1965 AF205470 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Calvert City, KY, USA Central USA 904.3 Mosquito Colaptes auratus 1965 AF205506 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 USA North America Laderle Unknown 1966 EU306910 May et al., 2008 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil South America Span9398 Rodent Akodon sp 1968 AF205472 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Guatemala Central America GMO94 Mosquito Culex nigripalpus 1969 EF158051 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Polk County , Florida, USA Southeast USA 69M1143 Opossum Procyon lotor 1969 AF205460 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 South Florida, Florida, USA Southeast USA L695121.05 Mosquito Culex nigripalpus 1969 AF205459 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Panana Central America PanAn902604 Bird Phalacrocorax sp 1973 AF205471 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Memphis, Tenessee, USA Southern USA TNM4-711K Mosquito Culex pipens 1974 AF205501 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Mississippi, USA Southeast USA MSI-7 Bird Passer domesticus 1975 EF158050 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Maryland, USA Central/Atlantic 75-256PG-3 Mosquito Culex pipens 1975 AF205502 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Southern USA 75V14868 Mosquito Culex pipens 1975 AF205466 Auguste et al., 2209 Maryland, USA Central/Atlantic Fort Washington Mosquito Culex pipens 1977 AF205504 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Prince Georges City, MD, USA Central/Atlantic VP34 Mosquito Culex pipens 1977 AF205503 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 La Avellana,Guatemala Central America 78A28 Mosquito Unknown 1978 EF158057 Baillie et al., 2008 Florida, USA Southeast USA FL79-411 Mosquito Culex nigripalpus 1979 AF205467 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 83V4953 Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus 1983 AF205498 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Indian River, Florida, USA Southeast USA 86-100802 Mosquito Culex nigripalpus 1985 EU906870 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Indian River, Florida, USA Southeast USA 86-100309 Mosquito Culex nigripalpus 1985 EU906869 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Indian River, Florida, USA Southeast USA 3-582 Bird Quiscalus quiscula 1989 EU906874 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Indian River, Florida, USA Southeast USA 3A-038 Bird Zenaida macroura 1989 EU906873 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Indian River, Florida, USA Southeast USA 3-594 Bird Quiscalus quiscula 1989 EU906872 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Indian River, Florida, USA Southeast USA 1A-059 Bird Cardinalis cardinalis 1989 EU906871 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Indian River, Florida, USA Southeast USA CXNGR8 Mosquito Culex nigripalpus 1990 EU906875 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Imperial County, California, USA Western USA IMP 917 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1988 AF205463 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Kern County, California, USA Western USA Kern217 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1989 NC007580 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Riverside, California, USA Western USA Chlv374 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1991 AF205464 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Nueces County, Texas, USA Southern USA PV1-2419 Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus 1991 AF205499 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA V4683 Unknown 1991 AF205498 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Imperial County, California, USA Western USA IMP1311 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1991 AF205461 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Coachella Valley, California, USA West Coast USA CoAv608 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1992 AY135518 Auguste et al., 2209 Riverside, California, USA Western USA Chlv587 Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus 1992 AF205462 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 98V3181 Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus 1998 AF205500 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V2906 Unknown 2001 EU306897 May et al., 2008 USA North America V2380-42 Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus 2001 EF158052 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V2892 Unknown 2001 EU306896 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V2233 Unknown 2001 EU306895 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V2231 Unknown 2001 EU306894 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V2220 Unknown 2001 EU306893 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V2211 Unknown 2001 EU306892 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V2089 Unknown 2001 EU306891 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V2088 Unknown 2001 EU306890 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V1937 Unknown 2001 EU306888 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V1936 Unknown 2001 EU306887 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA 01V2086 Unknown 2001 EU306889 May et al., 2008 Nueces County, Texas, USA Southern USA TDH6983 Unknown 2002 EU306906 May et al., 2008 Nueces County, Texas, USA Southern USA TDH5307 Unknown 2002 EU306905 May et al., 2008 Nueces County, Texas, USA Southern USA TDH4074 Unknown 2002 EU306903 May et al., 2008 Jefferson County, Texas, USA Southern USA TDH3439 Unknown 2002 EU306902 May et al., 2008 Jefferson County, Texas, USA Southern USA TDH3438 Unknown 2002 EU306901 May et al., 2008 Nueces County, Texas, USA Southern USA TDH3372 Unknown 2002 EU306900 May et al., 2008 Nueces County, Texas, USA Southern USA TDH1121 Unknown 2002 EU306898 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA TVP9041 Unknown 2003 EU306908 May et al., 2008 Harris County, Texas, USA Southern USA TVP9042 Unknown 2003 EU306907 May et al., 2008 São Paulo, SP, Brazil South America SPAn11916 Sentinel mice Unknown 2006 EF117302 Diáz et al., 2012

Genotype III Santa Fé, Argentina South America 79V-2533 Mosquito Culex ssp 1979 AF205490 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil South America SPH253175 Human Homo sapiens 2004 DQ022950 Santos et al., 2006 Cordoba, Argentina South America CbaAr4006 Mosquito Culex pipens quinquefasciatus 2005 DQ385450 Dias et al., 2006 Cordoba, Argentina South America CbaAr4005 Mosquito Culex pipens quinquefasciatus 2005 DQ385451 Dias et al., 2006

Genotype IV Panamá Central America GML902612 Mosquito Haemagogus equinus 1973 AF205475 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Panama Central America PanAn902745 Mosquito Haemagogus lucifer 1973 AF205476 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Panama Central America GML902981 Mosquito Mansonia dyari 1977 AF205489 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Panama Central America GML902984 Mosquito Mansonia dyari 1977 AF205477 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001

Genotype V Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean TR9464 Mosquito Psorophora ferox 1955 AF205486 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Belém, Pará, Brazil South America BeAr23379 Mosquito Sabethes belisarioi 1960 AF205485 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Belém, Pará, Brazil South America BeAr74070 Mosquito Culex declarator 1964 GU808540 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Belém, Pará, Brazil South America BeAr147139 Mosquito Culex coronator 1968 GU808541 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Belém, Pará, Brazil South America BeH203235 Human Homo sapiens 1971 AF205484 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Quistococha, Peru South America FLU3632 Human Homo sapiens 2006 KF589299 Felices et al., 2014 Itaituba, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn246262 Opossum Didelphis marsupialis 1972 AF205483 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Walnut Hill, Florida, USA Southeast USA F72-M022 Opossum Colloquially possums 1972 EU906868 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean TRVL21647 Mosquito Culex coronator 1958 EU906878 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean TRVL43174 Mosquito Culex nigripalpus 1962 EU906879 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Belem, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn70092 Bird Kingfisher Unknown 1964 EU906880 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Belem, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn156204 Chicken Unknown 1969 EU906881 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Sarasota, Florida, USA Southeast USA FL06-S650 Chicken Unknown 2006 EU906877 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Sarasota, Florida, USA Southeast USA FL06-S569 Chicken Unknown 2006 EU906876 Ottendorfer et al., 2008 Itaituba, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn246407 Bird Hylophylax poecilonota 1973 AF205482 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Itaituba, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn248398 Unknown 1973 AF205480 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Santarém, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn242587 Mosquito Culex declarator 1973 AF205478 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Itaituba, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn247377 Bird Hylophilax poecilonota 1973 EF158067 Baillie et al., 2008 Belém, Pará. Brazil South America BeAr264594 Mosquito Mansonia pseudotitillans 1974 GU808555 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Belém, Pará. Brazil South America BeAr264588 Mosquito Culex declarator 1974 GU808553 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Belém, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn259290 Chicken Gallus g domesticus 1974 GU808547 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Altamira, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn259507 Chicken Gallus g domesticus 1974 GU808545 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Belém, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn258717 Rodent Mus musculus 1974 GU808543 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Peru South America 75D90 Mosquito Unknown 1975 AF205479 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Belém, Pará, Brazil South America BeH355964 Human Homo sapiens 1978 GU808534 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Santa Fé, Argentina South America 78V6507 Mosquito Culex pipens 1978 AF205481 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Oriximiná, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn401517 Bird Hypocnemis cantator cantator 1982 GU808535 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Tucuruí, Pará, Brazil South America BeAr476060 Mosquito Culex declarator 1984 GU808559 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Faro, Pará, Brazil South America BeAr424449 Mosquito Culex sp 1984 GU808558 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Marabá, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn423728 Bird Conopophaga aurita 1984 GU808539 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Tucuruí, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn421388 Bird Philydor erythrocercum 1984 GU808544 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Candeias do Jamari, Rondônia, Brazil South America BeAr485655 Mosquito Culex sp 1988 GU808536 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Tucuruí, Pará, Brazil South America BeAr501019 Mosquito Culex declarator 1990 GU808531 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Coachella Valley, California, USA West Coast USA CoAv297 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 1998 AY135510 Auguste et al., 2009 Coachella Valley, California, USA West Coast USA CoAv470 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 2000 AY135517 Auguste et al., 2009 Coachella Valley, California, USA West Coast USA CoAv444 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 2000 AY135516 Auguste et al., 2009 Coachella Valley, California, USA West Coast USA CoAv332 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 2000 AY135511 Auguste et al., 2009 Coachella Valley, California, USA West Coast USA CoAv405 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 2000 AY135514 Auguste et al., 2009 Coachella Valley, California, USA West Coast USA CoAv411 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 2001 AY135515 Auguste et al., 2009 Coachella Valley, California, USA West Coast USA CoAv363 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 2001 AY135513 Auguste et al., 2009 Coachella Valley, California, USA West Coast USA CoAv353 Mosquito Culex tarsalis 2001 AY135512 Auguste et al., 2009 Medicilândia, Pará, Brazil South America BeAr658688 Mosquito Culex declarator 2002 GU808532 Rodrigues et al., 2010 El Paso, Texas, USA Southern USA TDH4462 Unknown 2002 EU306904 May et al., 2008 El Passo, Texas, USA Southern USA TDH3178 Unknown 2002 EU306899 May et al., 2008

Genotype VI Panama Central America GML903797 Sentinel Chicken Unknown 1983 AF205487 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001

Genotype VII Cordoba, Argentina South America CorAn9275 Rodent Mus musculus 1967 AF205474 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Cordoba, Argentina South America CorAn9124 Rodent Calomys musculinus 1996 AF205473 Kramer, & Chandler, 2001 Argentine South America Argentine 66 Unknown 1966 AY632544 Baillie et al., 2008

Genotype VIII Belém, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn69768 Bird Myrmotherula hauxwelli 1964 GU808537 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Itaituba, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn212371 Bird Myiobius barbatus 1971 GU808542 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Itaituba, Pará, Brazil South America BeAn248376 Primate Alouatta sp 1973 GU808552 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Belém, Pará. Brazil South America BeAr263600 Mosquito Culex declarator 1974 GU808550 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Aripuanã, Mato Grosso, Brazil South America BeAn261207 Bird Geotrygon montana 1974 GU808538 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Oriximiná, Pará, Brazil. South America BeAr338371 Mosquito Aedes serratus 1977 GU808533 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Altamira, Pará, Brazil South America BeAr415520 Mosquito Aedes(Ochlerotatus)serratus 1983 GU808530 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Faro, Pará, Brazil South America BeAr424447 Mosquito Culex sp 1984 GU808557 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Altamira, Pará, Brazil South America BeAr423357 Mosquito Culex declarator 1984 GU808556 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Monte Alegre, Pará, Brazil South America BeAr423512 Mosquito Aedes serratus 1984 GU808554 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Belém, Pará. Brazil South America BeAn423442 Primate Cebus apella 1984 GU808551 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Belém, Pará. Brazil South America BeAn423429 Primate Cebus apella 1984 GU808548 Rodrigues et al., 2010 Tucuruí, Pará Brazil South America BeAn421297 Bird Saltator maximus 1984 GU808546 Rodrigues et al., 2010

Without Previous Genotyping São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil South America SPAr147631 Mosquito Anopheles triannulatus 2006 EF117303 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil South America SPAr149623 Mosquito Culex sp 2006 EF117304 Imperial Valley, California, USA West Coast USA Imperial Valley Mosquito Culex tarsalis 2003 JF460774 Chiapas, Mexico Central America Palenque-A770 Mosquito Culex nigripalpus 2008 JQ957869 Chiapas, Mexico Central America Palenque-A772 Mosquito Culex nigripalpus 2008 JQ957870 Chiapas, Mexico Central America Palenque-C475 Mosquito Culex nigripalpus 2008 JQ957868