ESM Table S6. Compiled list of the egg size (mm3) and clutch size (eggs per spawn) data collected from the literature. The egg type (demersal, pelagic, egg scatterers) of each family was determined by the classifications given in Thresher (1984), Leis (1991), and Cowen and Sponaugle (1997), and then confirmed for each species using the information provided in the paper giving egg size.

Egg Size Family Species Reference Clutch Size Reference (mm3) Demersal spawning fishes– benthic, guarded eggs Ammodytidae Ammodytes hexapterus 0.25 Moser 1996 Anarhichadidae Anarrhichthys ocellatus 77.9 Moser 1996 10,000 Froese and Pauly 2003 Apogon cookii 0.27 Fishelson and Gon 2008 500 Fishelson and Gon 2008 Apogon cyanosoma 0.11 Fishelson and Gon 2008 650 Fishelson and Gon 2008 Apogon hungi 0.27 Fishelson and Gon 2008 800 Fishelson and Gon 2008 Apogon lateralis 0.14 Shao et al. 2002 Apogon maculatus 0.01 Richards 2006 Apogon nitidus 0.12 Shao et al. 2002 Apogon ruppellii 0.52 Fishelson and Gon 2008 400 Fishelson and Gon 2008 Apogonidae Apogon taeniophorus 0.12 Shao et al. 2002 Archamia lineolata 0.52 Fishelson and Gon 2008 400 Fishelson and Gon 2008 Cheilodipterus lineatus 0.11 Fishelson and Gon 2008 2,600 Fishelson and Gon 2008 Glossamia aprion 0.52 Fishelson and Gon 2008 600 Fishelson and Gon 2008 Holapogon maximus 0.18 Fishelson and Gon 2008 1800 Fishelson and Gon 2008 Phaeoptyx conklini 0.01 Richards 2006 Siphamia permutata 0.90 Fishelson and Gon 2008 240 Fishelson and Gon 2008 Siphamia roseigaster 1.15 Fishelson and Gon 2008 260 Fishelson and Gon 2008 Batrachoididae Porichthys notatus 130.92 Einum and Fleming 2002 Aidablennius sphinx 0.20 Locatello and Neat 2005 655 Locatello and Neat 2005 Chasmodes bosquianus 0.39 Richards 2006 Chasmodes saburrae 0.29 Richards 2006 Blenniidae Entomacrodus chiostictus 0.16 Moser 1996 Hypleurochilus geminatus 0.17 Richards 2006 Hypsoblennius brevipinnis 0.09 Moser 1996 Hypsoblennius hentz 0.18 Richards 2006 Demersal spawning fishes cont. Hypsoblennius jenkins 0.22 Moser 1996 1,540 Froese and Pauly 2003 Lipophrys pholis 1.15 Faria et al. 2002 1,814 Qasim 1956 Lupinoblennius nicholsi 0.09 Richards 2006 Blenniidae Ophioblennius macclurei 0.23 Richards 2006 Ophioblennius steindachneri 0.09 Moser 1996 Parablennius ruber 0.56 Villega-Rios et al. 2009 3,672 Villega-Rios et al. 2009 Plagiotremus azalea 0.10 Moser 1996 Cottidae Enophyris bison 3.32 Elgar 1990 24,900 Elgar 1990 Dactyloscopidae Gillellus uranidea 0.11 Richards 2006 Apletodon dentatus 0.48 Breining and Britz 2000 2,000 Breining and Britz 2000 Diplecogaster bimaculata 0.42 Breining and Britz 2000 300 Breining and Britz 2000 Gobeisocidae Lepadogaster lepadogaster 3.59 Tojeira et al. 2012 123 Tojeira et al. 2012 Lepadogaster purpurea 3.05 Tojeira et al. 2012 144 Tojeira et al. 2012 Coryphopterus dicrus 0.25 Kavanagh 2000 Coryphopterus eidolon 0.08 Kavanagh 2000 Coryphopterus nicholsii 0.28 Moser 1996 4,788 Froese and Pauly 2003 Coryphopterus thrix 0.25 Kavanagh 2000 Coryphopterus venezulae 0.25 Kavanagh 2000 Elacantinus figaro 1.62 Meirelles et al. 2009 420 Meirelles et al. 2009 Gobiosoma oceanops 0.42 Valenti 1972 375 Valenti 1972 Gobiosoma robustrum 0.28 Richards 2006 675 Froese and Pauly 2003 Gobiidae Lepidogobius lepidus 0.68 Moser 1996 800 Froese and Pauly 2003 Paragobiodon Lassig 1976 716 Lassig 1976 echinocephalus 0.32 Paragobiodon lacunicolaa 0.32 Lassig 1976 635 Lassig 1976 Paragobiodon xanthosoma 0.32 Lassig 1976 293 Lassig 1976 Priolepis nocturna 0.11 Wittenrich et al. 2007 1,578 Wittenrich et al. 2007 Tridentiger trigonocephalus 0.26 Moser 1996 Typhologobius californiensis 0.72 Moser 1996 Grammatidae Gramma loreto 0.49 Richards 2006 60 Richards 2006 Symphodus roissali 0.20 Raventos and Planes Labridae 2008 Labrisomidae Paraclinus integripinnis 0.52 Moser 1996 Demersal spawning fishes cont. Labrisomidae Paraclinus maroratus 0.90 Richards 2006 Microdesmidae Clarkichthys bilineatus 0.73 Moser 1996 Abudefduf saxatilis 0.21 Richards 2006 Acanthochromis 4.40 Kavanagh 2000 400 Kavanagh 2000 polyacanthus Amphiprion melanopus 0.05 Green et al. 2006 500 Green et al. 2006 Pomacentridae Chromis punctipinnis 0.31 Moser 1996 10,000 Froese and Pauly 2003 Hypsypops rubicundus 0.44 Moser 1996 80,000 Froese and Pauly 2003 Pomacentrus amboinensis 1.29 Gagliano et al. 2007 6,142 Emslie and Jones 2001 Pomacentrus coelestis 0.18 Kokita 2003 4,500 Kokita 2003 Stegastes leucostictus 0.07 Richards 2006 Entelurus aeguoreus 0.52 Goncalves et al. 2011 Hippocampus abdominalis 3.05 Vincent 1990 400 Froese and Pauly 2003 Hippocampus breviceps 2.14 Vincent 1990 63 Foster and Vincent 2004 Hippocampus comes 1.44 Vincent 1990 275 Froese and Pauly 2003 Hippocampus erectus 1.77 Vincent 1990 1,313 Teixeira and Musick 2001 Hippocampus fuscus 2.57 Vincent 1990 157 Foster and Vincent 2004 Hippocampus guttulatus 4.19 Foster and Vincent 2004 581 Froese and Pauly 2003 Hippocampus hippocampus 2.14 Foster and Vincent 2004 865 Froese and Pauly 2003 Syngnathidae Hippocampus kuda 3.05 Mi et al. 1998 808 Froese and Pauly 2003 Hippocampus reidi 0.90 Vincent 1990 886 Froese and Pauly 2003 Hippocampus trimaculatus 0.38 Cai et al. 1984 1,061 Froese and Pauly 2003 Hippocampus whitei 3.05 Vincent 1990 175 Froese and Pauly 2003 Hippocampus zosterae 1.15 Vincent 1990 69 Strawn 1958 Nerophis ophidion 0.11 Goncalves et al. 2011 Syngnathus acus 8.48 Goncalves et al. 2011 24 Gurkan et al. 2009 Syngnathus rostellatus 0.90 Goncalves et al. 2011 Syngnathus typhle 2.81 Goncalves et al. 2011 33.2 Mobley et al. 2011 Pelagic spawning fishes– pelagic eggs released in the water column Acanthurus chirurgus 0.16 Richards 2006 Acanthuridae Acanthurus bahianus 0.16 Colin and Clavijo 1988 Acanthurus coeruleus 0.16 Colin and Clavijo 1988 Acanthuridae Acanthurus nigroris 2.00 Sancho et al. 2000 Antennariidae Antennarius numifer 0.16 Ray 1961 48,800 Froese and Pauly 2003 Histrio histrio 0.013 Richards 2006 Pelagic spawning fishes cont. Bothidae Arnoglossus laterna 0.05 Elgar 1990 3,333 Elgar 1990 Callionymus enneactis 0.11 Okiyama 1988 Callionymus lyra 0.30 Bagenal 1971 Callionymidae Callionymus valenciennei 0.17 Okiyama 1988 Synchiropus altivelis 0.02 Akazaki 1957 Chaetodon aculeatus 0.21 Colin and Clavijo 1988 Chaetodontidae Chaetodon nippon 0.20 Okiyama 1988 Diodon holocanthus 3.00 Okiyama 1988 Diodontidae Diodon hystrix 4.19 Richards 2006 Ephippidae Chaetodipterus zonatus 0.59 Moser 1996 Fistularia commersonii 0.86 Moser 1996 Fistulariidae Fistularia petimba 2.14 Richards 2006 Gerreidae Gerres japonicus 0.12 Okiyama 1988 Anisotremus davidsonii 0.29 Moser 1996 Haemulidae Haemulon plumieri 0.45 Richards 2006 188,000 Froese and Pauly 2003 Orthopristis chrysoptera 0.22 Richards 2006 Kyphosidae Girella punctata 0.57 Okiyama 1988 Anampses caeruleopunctatus 0.15 Colin and Bell 1991 Anampses twistii 0.13 Colin and Bell 1991 Bodianus axillaris 0.20 Robertson 1996 Bodianus diplotaenia 0.19 Robertson 1996 Bodianus pulchellus 0.27 Richards 2006 Labridae Bodianus rufus 0.20 Robertson 1996 Cheilinus fasciatus 0.13 Colin and Bell 1991 Cheilinus oxycephalus 0.12 Colin and Bell 1991 Cheilinus trilobatus 0.13 Colin and Bell 1991 Cheilinus unifasciatus 0.15 Colin and Bell 1991 Cirrhilabrus temminckii 0.15 Okiyama 1988 Pelagic spawning fishes cont. Labridae Clepticus parrae 0.16 Robertson 1996 Coris gaimard 0.13 Colin and Bell 1991 Coris variegata 0.11 Colin and Bell 1991 Ctenolabrus rupestris 0.31 Bagenal 1971 Doratonotus megalepis 0.08 Richards 2006 Epibulus insidiator 0.15 Colin and Bell 1991 Gomphosus varius 0.09 Colin and Bell 1991 Halichoeres biocellatus 0.12 Colin and Bell 1991 Haliochoeres bivittatus 0.12 Robertson 1996 Halichoeres chierchiae 0.15 Robertson 1996 Halichoeres dispilus 0.10 Robertson 1996 Halichoeres garnoti 0.14 Robertson 1996 Halichoeres hortulanus 0.11 Colin and Bell 1991 Halichoeres maculipinna 0.10 Robertson 1996 Halichoeres melanurus 0.13 Colin and Bell 1991 Halichoeres nicholsi 0.14 Robertson 1996 Halichoeres notospilus 0.10 Robertson 1996 Halichoeres pictus 0.13 Robertson 1996 Halichoeres poecilopterus 0.16 Kimura et al. 1998 Halichoeres poeyi 0.13 Robertson 1996 Halichoeres tenuispinnis 0.15 Kimura et al. 1998 Hemigymnus fasciatus 0.20 Colin and Bell 1991 Labrichthys unilineatus 0.17 Colin and Bell 1991 Labroides dimidiatus 0.14 Colin and Bell 1991 Labropsis micronesica 0.26 Colin and Bell 1991 Labropsis xanthonota 0.16 Colin and Bell 1991 Lachnolaimus maximus 0.90 Richards 2006 160,631 Froese and Pauly 2003 Macropharyngodon 0.13 Colin and Bell 1991 meleagris Novaculichthys taeniourus 0.11 Colin and Bell 1991 Oxyjulis californica 0.24 Moser 1996 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 0.11 Colin and Bell 1991 Pelagic spawning fishes cont. Pseudolabrus japonicus 0.23 Okiyama 1988 Pteragogus flagellifer 0.23 Kimura et al. 1998 Semicossyphus pulcher 0.27 Moser 1996 300,000 Froese and Pauly 2003 Stethojulis interrupta 0.13 Okiyama 1988 Labridae Thalassoma bifasciatum 0.08 Robertson 1996 Thalassoma cupido 0.10 Kimura et al. 1998 Thalassoma lucansanum 0.08 Robertson 1996 Xyrichthys novacula 0.11 Richards 2006 Lethrinidae Gymnocranius griseus 0.25 Okiyama 1988 Lophius americanus 1.77 Richards 2006 100,000 Richards 2006 Lophiidae Lophius piscatorius 5.96 Bagenal 1971 1,000,000 Hislop et al. 2001 Lutanjus campechanus 0.26 Richards 2006 22,992,458 Froese and Pauly 2003 Lutjanus carponotatus 0.04 Evans et al. 2008 378,015 Evans et al. 2008 Lutjanus erythropterus 0.46 Okiyama 1988 6,000,000 Froese and Pauly 2003 Lutjanus griseus 0.25 Richards 2006 Lutjanus kasmira 0.29 Okiyama 1988 Lutjanidae Lutjanus synagris 0.20 Richards 2006 Lutjanus vitta 0.28 Okiyama 1988 Ocyurus chrysurus 0.42 Richards 2006 Rhomboplites aurorubens 0.11 Grimes and Huntsman 59,000 Grimes and Huntsman 1980 1980 Branchiostegus japonicus 0.41 Okumura et al. 1996 Malacanthidae Malacanthus plumieri 0.19 Colin and Clavijo 1988 2,776 Baird and Baird 2006 Mugial cephalus 0.25 Moser 1996 2,925,534 Froese and Pauly 2003 Mugilidae Mugil curema 0.37 Richards 2006 422,151 Froese and Pauly 2003 Mullidae Parupeneus multifasciatus 2.50 Sancho et al. 2000 Ophidion marginatum 0.39 Richards 2006 Ophidiidae Ophidion scippsae 0.56 Moser 1996 Acanthostracion polygonius 2.71 Colin and Clavijo 1988 Ostraciidae Acanthostracion quadricornis 1.77 Richards 2006 Lactoria diaphana 2.61 Leis and Moyer 1985 Pelagic spawning fishes cont. Lactoira fornasini 2.42 Leis and Moyer 1985 Ostraciidae Ostracion meleagris 2.43 Leis and Moyer 1985 Eleutheronema 0.18 Shao et al. 2002 663,078 Zamidi et al. 2012 Polynemidae Polydactylus sexfilis 0.28 Santerre and May 1977 Centropyge argi 0.13 Richards 2006 119 Richards 2006 Centropyge aurantonotus 0.13 Richards 2006 119 Richards 2006 Centropyge bispinosus 0.11 Akazaki 1957 Centropyge debelius 0.19 Baensch and Tamaru 237 Baensch and Tamaru 2009 2009 Genicanthus lamarck 0.25 Okiyama 1988 Pomacanthidae Genicanthus melanospilos 0.21 Okiyama 1988 Genicanthus semifasciatus 0.24 Okiyama 1988 Holacanthus tricolor 0.32 Colin and Clavijo 1988 3,455 Hourigan and Kelley 1985 Holacanthus bermudensis 0.18 Richards 2006 50,000 Richards 2006 Holacanthus cilaris 0.18 Richards 2006 50,000 Richards 2006 Pomacanthus arcuatus 0.38 Richards 2006 50,000 Richards 2006 Pomacanthus paru 0.38 Richards 2006 50,000 Richards 2006 Priacanthidae Priacanthus macracanthus 0.18 Okiyama 1988 Cetoscarus bicolor 0.22 Colin and Bell 1991 Chlorurus sordidus 0.17 Colin and Bell 1991 Hipposcarus longiceps 0.26 Colin and Bell 1991 Scarus forsteni 0.23 Colin and Bell 1991 Scarus frenatus 0.17 Colin and Bell 1991 Scarus globiceps 0.24 Colin and Bell 1991 Scaridae Scarus iserti 8.18 Richards 2006 Scarus ovifrons 0.28 Okiyama 1988 Scarus schlegeli 0.17 Colin and Bell 1991 Sparisoma atomarium 0.11 Robertson 1996 Sparisoma aurofrenatum 0.12 Robertson 1996 Sparisoma radians 0.10 Robertson 1996 Sparisoma rubripinne 0.13 Robertson 1996 Pelagic spawning fishes cont. Atractoscion nobilis 1.10 Moser 1996 Bairdiella chrysura 0.24 Joseph et al. 1964 Cheilotrema saturnum 0.28 Moser 1996 Cynoscion arenarius 0.27 Richards 2006 Cynoscion regalis 0.43 Joseph et al. 1964 299,825 Elgar 1990 Larimus fasciatus 0.07 Elgar 1990 166,784 Elgar 1990 Leiostomus xanthurus 0.29 Richards 2006 Menticirrhus saxatilis 0.30 Joseph et al. 1964 Menticirrhus undulatus 0.28 Moser 1996 Sciaenidae Micropogonias undulatus 0.20 Richards 2006 Miichthys miiuy 0.42 Shao et al. 2002 Pareques umbrosus 1.00 Richards 2006 2,000 Richards 2006 Pogonias cromis 0.43 Joseph et al. 1964 1,345,000 Macchi et al. 2002 Roncador stearnsii 0.19 Moser 1996 Sciaenops ocellatus 0.04 Fuiman and Ojanguren 200,000 Arnold 1991 2011 Seriphus politus 0.23 Moser 1996 751,667 Froese and Pauly 2003 Umbrina roncado 0.24 Moser 1996 Pterois volitans 1.00 Richards 2006 Scorpaenidae Scorpaena guttata 0.90 Moser 1996 Scorpaenodes xyris 0.24 Moser 1996 Centropristis striata 0.45 Richards 2006 Epinephelus akaara 0.21 Okiyama 1988 Epinephelus fulvus 0.45 Richards 2006 173,500 Froese and Pauly 2003 Epinephelus guttaus 0.48 Richards 2006 783,083 Froese and Pauly 2003 Epinephelus itajara 0.45 Richards 2006 Epinephelus lanceolatus 0.14 Shao et al. 2002 Serranidae Epinephelus tauvina 0.05 Elgar 1990 Mycteroperca phenax 0.51 Richards 2006 Paralabrax clathratus 0.46 Moser 1996 2,560,000 Froese and Pauly 2003 Paralabrax 0.32 Moser 1996 68,000 Froese and Pauly 2003 maculatofasciatus Paralabrax nebulifer 0.46 Moser 1996 4,100,000 Froese and Pauly 2003 Pelagic spawning fishes cont. Serranidae Pseudanthias squamipinnis 0.15 Okiyama 1988 Sacura margaritacea 0.26 Okiyama 1988 Serranus baldwini 0.16 Robertson 1996 91 Petersen and Fischer 1986 Serranus psittacinus 0.19 Robertson 1996 Serranus tabacarius 0.35 Robertson 1996 Serranus tigrinus 0.18 Robertson 1996 Serranus tortugarum 0.22 Robertson 1996 Sparidae Acanthopagrus latus 0.10 Elgar 1990 1,811,434 Elgar 1990 Archosargus 0.32 Richards 2006 probatocephalus Archosargus rhomboidalis 0.34 Richards 2006 Calamus brachysomus 0.57 Moser 1996 Pagellus bogaraveo 0.07 Elgar 1990 97,000 Elgar 1990 Pagrus pagrus 0.25 Richards 2006 Sparidentex hasta 0.11 Elgar 1990 1,115,472 Elgar 1990 Stenotomus chrysops 0.38 Richards 2006 7,860 Froese and Pauly 2003 Synanceiidae Inimicus japonicus 1.35 Okiyama 1988 Synodontidae Synodus intermedius 1.50 Colin and Clavijo 1988 Synodus lucioceps 1.44 Moser 1996 Synodus myops 0.80 Okiyama 1988 Synodus ulae 0.59 Okiyama 1988 Tetrarogidae Paracentropogon 0.37 Okiyama 1988 Egg scatterering fishes– eggs released into water column and settle to the bottom Balistidae Pseudobalistes 0.09 Gladstone 1994 430,000 Gladstone 1994 flavimarginatus Rhinecanthus aculeatus 0.06 Kuwamura 1997 42,513 Kuwamura 1997 Xanthichthys mento 0.06 Kawase 2003 113,500 Kawase 2003 Monacanthidae Aluterus monoceros 0.16 Kawase and Nakazono 1994 Brachaluteres jacksonianus 0.21 Kawase 2005 121 Kawase 2005 Eubalichthys bucephalus 0.20 Kawase 2008 24,250 Kawase 2008 Oxymonacanthus longirostris 0.25 Kokita and Nakazono 133 Elgar 1990 2000 Paramonacanthus japonicus 0.08 Kawase and Nakazono 3,550 Nakazono and Kawase 1994 1993 Egg scatterering fishes cont. Rudarius ercodes 0.08 Kawase and Nakazono 4,630 Kawase and Nakazono 1994 1994 Stephanolepis cirrhifer 0.14 Kawase and Nakazono 1994 Monacanthidae Thamnaconus modestus 0.12 Kawase and Nakazono 1994 Thamnaconus septentrionalis 0.13 Kawase and Nakazono 1994 Siganus canaliculatus 0.02 Wassef and Hady 1997 521,127 Wassef and Hady 1997 Siganidae Siganus guttatus 0.09 Avila and Juario 1987 570,000 Elgar 1990 Siganus randalli 0.10 Collins and Nelson 1993 Canthigaster valentini 0.18 Elgar 1990 1,200 Elgar 1990 Tetradontidae Canthigaster rostrata 0.14 Richards 2006 1,000 Richards 2006 Sphoeroides maculatus 0.36 Richards 2006 167,000 Froese and Pauly 2003

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