Seeing the Light

THE NUCLEUS PHYSICS IS PHUN - November 2008 S Be Seated – Welcome S “The Nucleus” S Summary of Program S Nu-cle-ar vs. Nu-cu-lar ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM S c = f  and E = h f Comment: Variety of EM waves - all obey the equation S IR – visible light - UV D N1-05: SPECTRA - VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE S EM Spectrum by frequency, wavelength, and photon energy THE ATOM - REVIEW S Atomic models D P3-53: ATOMIC ENERGY LEVEL MODEL S The Hydrogen Balmer Series THE NUCLEUS S Nucleus consists of protons and neutrons Comment: ~ same mass, proton positive, neutron neutral charge S Chart of Nuclides (small nuclides) S Stable Nuclides and All Nuclides S Nuclear “Models” Comment: models tell us about real physical phenomena S Water Drop Model S Binding Energy Definition S Binding Energy per Nucleon Comment: Iron most common element (page 2) WATER DROP MODEL OF THE NUCLEUS S Fission and Fusion definitions NUCLEAR FISSION S Nuclear Fission S Binding Energy per nucleon slide (again) V VIBRATING WATER DROP VIDEO V CRITICAL SIZE (NUCLEAR REACTIONS - CRITICAL SIZE) D P4-62 CHAIN REACTION - MOUSE TRAP MODEL S Controlled and Uncontrolled Fission (Reactor vs. Bomb) 2S NUCLEAR REACTOR Comments: How it works Accident at Three Mile Island (Water moderator) – NO INJURIES Accident at Chernobyl (Carbon moderator) S Advantages of Nuclear Power 3S Patrick Moore quotes S UM 250 kW REACTOR - LARGE VIEW (Cherenkov radiation) Mention MSNBC video: Rethinking Nuclear Power NUCLEAR FUSION S Nuclear Fusion – happens on sun S Binding Energy per Nucleon S Theta Pinch D K2-62 CAN SMASHER - ELECTROMAGNETIC Comment: “Atomic bomb” and “Hydrogen bomb” Comment: Fusion reactor not yet made (page 3) SHELL MODEL OF THE NUCLEUS S Nuclear Shell Model D P3-53: ATOMIC ENERGY LEVEL MODEL Comment: nuclear levels much more energetic, nuclear radiation stronger S Types of Radiation D P4-01: GEIGER COUNTER Show alphas, betas, and gammas with ranges S RADIATION EXPOSURE S Sources of Radiation Exposure S Natural Exposure U-238 DECAY CHAIN S Transparency of Uranium Decay Chain D P4-12 EXPONENTIAL DECAY - WATER MODEL D P4-14 RADIOACTIVE DECAY CHAIN - WATER MODEL Comment: Causes much of our radiation exposure Important due to long half-life Radon gas, Polonium in tobacco COSMIC RAYS S COSMIC RAY TYPES Cosmic rays cause radiation exposure and create radioactive materials (C14) D COSMIC RAYS S COSMIC RAYS HURT (page 4) MAN-MADE RADIATION EXPOSURE S MAN-MADE SOURCES S RADIATION EXPOSURE SUMMARY USEFUL RADIATION EFFECTS S USEFUL RADIATION EFFECTS I S USEFUL RADIATION EFFECTS II S OMAHA STEAK PACKAGE S USEFUL RADIATION EFFECTS III

7S NUCLEAR WASTE TEST QUESTIONS S Web Reference Materials S ATOMIC BOMB WITH WHITE CLOUD (Ultimate Sunset) Pre-Show Demonstrations CHART OF THE NUCLIDES

NATURAL RADIATION COSMIC RAYS GEIGER TUBES WITH RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS RADIOACTIVE CONSUMER PRODUCTS RADON DETECTION CANNISTER

HALF LIFE RADIOACTIVE DICE RADIOACTIVE DECAY WATER MODEL DECAY CHAIN WATER MODEL

PARTICLE PHYSICS CLOUD CHAMBERS (with alphas and betas) BUBBLE CHAMBER TRACKS - THREE DIMENSIONAL VIEWMASTER

IRRADIATED FOOD VIDEO ON FOOD IRRADIATION

RADIATION APPLICATIONS SHRINK TUBING WITH OTHER APPLICATIONS IONIZATION SMOKE ALARM Handouts: Personal Radiation Dose Table Radiation Exposure Sources