Period 9 - Conservative Resurgence 1980-1992 VOCABULARY

Word Definition Analysis 1. 1991 The year the Cold War ends. The What event marked the end of Soviet Union dissolved and was the cold war? replaced by the Commonwealth of Independent States.

2. Reaganomics (Supply Side Reagan’s idea to fix our economy Which section of society (rich or Economics) and get us out of recession using poor) would benefit most from supply side economics. Theory this style of economics? that economic growth depends on increasing the supply of goods & services through tax cuts

3. New Right A political movement Which political party would this compromising the evangelical group support? Christian organizations and other groups and activists who worked for conservative causes. Groups such as the Moral Majority, National Rifle Association, Heritage Foundation

4. Strategic Defense Initiative An arms program announced by What was this programs President Reagan to create a nickname? (GOOLE IT!) “missile shield” designed to protect the US from nuclear attack. And did this program actually exist? 5. Peace Through Strength Reagan’s idea that the best way How is this different from to prevent war was to make Nixon’s policy of détente? America’s enemies think that the US had both the means and the will to stop aggression. To carry this out, Reagan sharply increased military spending.

6. Iran Contra Affair a scandal in which officials in the What will this do the credibility Reagan administration sold arms gap and America’s to Iran to help gain the release of US hostages and sent money from the arms sales to the Contras in Nicaragua. Caused people to lose trust in government

7. National Rifle Association A national organization founded Which political party is the NRA in 1871 that promotes the legal typically tied with? use of guns and gun safety in the US and defends a US citizen's constitutional right to own and bear arms.

8. Brady Bill A provision of US federal law What events could have led to that requires a waiting period for the creation of this bill? (Any handgun purchases and assassination attempts?) background checks on those who wish to purchase handguns. 9. AIDS A disease in which there is a What group of people was severe loss of the body's cellular blamed for the spread of HIV and immunity, greatly lowering the AIDS? resistance to infection and malignancy. Why do you think that was?

10. Federal Deficit An excess of the federal Google—What was the Federal government's spending over its deficit before and then after revenue; "federal deficits can Reagan? cause inflation" Before:

After:

Why do you think this is?

11. Heritage Foundation Is an American conservative Give an example of policies that group based in Washington, D.C. Reagan Implemented would Heritage's stated mission is to have supported the Heritage "formulate and promote Foundation? conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong national defense" .The foundation took a leading role in the conservative movement during the presidency of Ronald Reagan, whose policies drew significantly from Heritage's policy study Mandate for Leadership.

12. Moral Majority A political action group formed Which political party would this in the 1970s to further a group support? conservative and religious agenda, including the allowance of prayer in schools and strict laws against abortion. 13. Social Security Reform Social Security Reform of the Why would congress raise the 1980s included: in 1983 age of retirement? (which group Taxation of Social Security was approaching retirement age) benefits was introduced--all New Federal hires were required to be under Social Security, the retirement age increased for younger workers to 66 and 67 years; and in 1984 Congress passed the Disability Benefits Reform Act modifying several aspects of the disability program.

14. Strategic Arms Reduction START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Treaty) was a bilateral treaty What other Cold War treaties (or between the United States of policies) is this similar to? America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. The treaty was signed on 31 July 1991 and entered into force on 5 December 1994.The treaty limited the U.S and USSR from deploying more than 6,000 nuclear warheads atop a total of 1,600 ICBMs, submarine- launched ballistic missiles, and bombers.

15. Persian Gulf War 1991, international conflict in What event started the Gulf which UN forces, led by the US, War? Why? attacked Iraq over the course of two months and successfully forced its troops out of neighboring Kuwait, which Iraq had invaded in 1990 16. Marines In Lebanon In 1983, a suicide bomber Why were the Marines initially in attacked American & French Lebanon—why where they there barracks in Beirut, capital of in the first place? Lebanon. 241 US Marines & 58 French were killed. Reagan removes all forces from Lebanon

17. Reagan Doctrine Reagan’s policy of openly Why would Reagan support Ant- supporting anti-communist Community insurgents? insurgents and movements around the world

18. Sandra Day O’Connor first woman Justice on the US Why is this significant? Supreme Court appointed by Ronald Reagan in 1983 19. Phyllis Shlafly An American constitutional Why might a female oppose the lawyer, conservative, activist, ERA? and author. She is known for her social and political conservatism, her opposition to modern feminism and for her campaign against the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).

20. Billy Graham American, Southern Baptist What is an evangelist? (USE minister, voiced his conservative GOOGLE IF NECESSARY) views and gained a lot of support

Is Billy Graham an Evangelist?

21. Saddam Hussein Was the fifth President of Iraq, Google—find an example of serving in this capacity from 16 Saddam Hussein’s brutality? July 1979 until 9 April 2003. He How did he treat the Shi’a suppressed several movements, Muslims living in Iraq? particularly Shi'a and Kurdish movements seeking to overthrow the government or gain independence, and maintained power during the Iran–Iraq War and the Gulf War. Whereas some venerated Saddam for his opposition to Israel—which included the use of military force—he was widely condemned in the west for the brutality of his dictatorship.

22. Mikhail Gorbachev He was the seventh and last Find an example (Google or undisputed leader of the Soviet book) of a policy or action taken Union, having served as General by Gorbachev that would lead to Secretary of the Communist the end of the Cold War. Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the country's head of state from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991. Gorbachev's policies of openness and restructuring as well as summit conferences with United States President Ronald Reagan contributed to the end of the Cold War, removed the constitutional role of the Communist Party in governing the state, and led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. 23. Ronald Reagan President from 1981-1989 What should Reagan be best Conservative leaders who known for? (what is something promoted supply side economics he accomplished) and created huge budget deficits

24. George H. W. Bush President from 1989-1993, What action did George H.W continued Reagan’s conservative Bush take during the Persian policies, and known for success Gulf War? in Persian Gulf War