Grade 7 Social Studies Final Exam Study Guide May/June 2010

Grade 7 Social Studies Final Exam Study Guide May 2017

The exam will consist of the following: A. Multiple Choice (20-30 questions) B. Vocabulary Words (15-20 questions) C. Diagram and/or Mapping (1-3 questions) D. Primary Source Analysis (3-5 questions) E. Timeline Analysis (1 timeline; 5-7 questions about it) F. Essay Response/Compare-Contrast Chart Response (2-3 questions)

PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE Use the classroom worksheets and textbook to answer the questions below. The content covered in the answers of these questions may appear on the exam.

Ancient Greece 1. Why are ancient Greeks considered to be islanders? (chapter 6.1)

They were separated from each other by water or mountains. 2. How did the geographic features of ancient Greece affect the way ancient people lived in this area? (chapter 6.1) It motivated them to trade, and also allowed them to sail to various areas, but kept their cities separate. 3. How were the Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations similar? (chapter 6.1)

There were a number of similarities between them, but the main one was that both used writing.

4. What happened during Greece’s Dark Ages? (chapter 6.1) Greek love for learning and rich writing system suffered immensely, with more people relying on oral culture. The civilization basically collapsed. 5. Who fought in the Trojan war? (chapter 6.1)

Greece and the city of Troy. 6. Who was Pericles and why is he considered to be an important figure in Athenian history? (chapter 6.2) He was the leader of Athens around the 460s BC. He introduced many reforms that strengthened democracy. 7. What were the main important events that happened during Athens’ Golden Age? (chapter 6.2) Athens grew rich from trade and silver mined by slaves, Pericles introduced more democracy, and important temples, like the Parthenon, were constructed.

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 1 8. How did the Greeks honor their gods? (chapter 6.2)

They gave thanks to them, offered feasts in their honor, and constructed temples to please them.

9. What were 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of democracy in Greece? (chapter 6.2) Advantage: city paid taxes to officials, so poor citizens could hold office; citizens could put their input into the type of rules implanted in the city. Disadvantage: women couldn’t vote, slaves couldn’t vote, slavery and women’s status didn’t change much.

10. Explain how Athens was superior to Sparta economically? (chapter 7.2) Athens had a lot of wealth from trade and silver mines; Sparta focused most of its efforts on warfare and didn’t care too much about trade or wealth. 11. What are helots, and what danger did they pose? (chapter 7.2)

Slaves in Sparta captured through Sparta’s wars; they could have joined together and greatly outnumbered and overthrown the Spartan citizens.

12. What rights did Spartan women have? (chapter 7.2) Could run businesses, take care of their house, could train like boys, own land. They had to obey the men in their live though. 13. How might the history of Greece have changed if the Persians had succeeded at Marathon? (chapter 7.2) Greece would have lost its lands to Persia, Athens would not have gained the amount of power it did later on, Delian League would not have formed, Greek culture would not have spread to other lands.

14. How did Alexander’s upbringing affect his ambition to rule and his attitudes about Greek culture? (chapter 7.3)

He wanted to be unbeatable in battle like Achilles; he also thought that Greeks had a natural right/duty to rule because of what Aristotle had taught him.

15. What does Hellenism mean? What affect did it have on the areas it spread in? (chapter 7.3)

Spread of Greek culture in foreign lands; cities were modeled after Greek cities, Greek kings ruled, Greeks held the most important jobs, cities designed with Greek temples and agoras, Greek language was spoken for hundreds of years, many people would watch the Greek tragedies in the theaters.

Ancient India 1. Describe the geography of India. (chapter 4.1) Stretching south from the Himalayas, kite-shaped subcontinent that is surrounded by the Indian Ocean. Presently, it is divided into India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. 2. Describe Hinduism’s key features. (chapter 4.2) (check essay answer)

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 2 3. Describe three main gods in Hinduism. (chapter 4.2) Brahma (creator), Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer) 4. Describe Hinduism’s caste system. (chapter 4.2) It is a strict division of classes in which people perform special duties and always remain in the same caste as their parents. The five classes were/are 1) priests, 2) warriors/rulers, 3)skilled workers, merchants, land owners, 4) unskilled workers, peasants, servants, 5) untouchables/outcastes 5. Describe Buddhism. (Ie., its beliefs, founder, etc)? (chapter 4.3) (check essay section answer) 6. Study the 8 fold path of Buddhism. (chapter 4.3) (check section part III, question 3) 7. What is meant by the “middle way”? (chapter 4.3) Also known as the Eightfold Path in Buddhism, this is intended to teach the person to avoid a life that is filled with both extreme pleasure and unhappiness. 8. What were the reasons Hindus/Buddhists practice Yoga/meditation? (chapter 4.3) Hindus practice yoga to unite with the spiritual force called brahman. Buddhists meditate and follow the Eightfold Path in order to reach Nirvana (eternal peace).

Ancient China 1. Describe the geography of Ancient China. (chapter 5.1) China covers a large area with different climate, soil, landforms, and waterways. The North China Plain is located in East Asia, and it has a brief, but intense, rainy summer season caused by monsoon winds. The region doesn’t have much rain the rest of the year and is quite dry. South China is warm and wet, where the monsoon winds bring heavy rains from the South China Sea, from March to September. Light rain falls the rest of the year. 2. What geographic feature was important for the civilization’s development? (chapter 5.1) Mainly the rivers, especially the Huang (Yellow) River. 3. Describe the Mandate of Heaven. (chapter 5.1) This was a belief in China that suggested that the rulers of China came to power because it was their destiny/fate. 4. How did Confucius influence China? (chapter 5.2) a) Founder of Confucianism b) Brought order to society c) Taught respect for others d) Many people practiced Confucianism as a religion e) Introduced the merit system f) Based advanced/high position in government on examination, not who a person might know 5. Describe Confucianism. (Ie., its beliefs, founder, etc)? (chapter 5.2) A philosophy founded by Confucius. It consists of a collection of sayings of Confucius, collected by his students. Confucianism is based on five human relationships: ruler and ruled, father and son, husband and wife, older brother and younger brother, and friend and friend.

Ancient Egypt 1. When did Egypt’s first dynasty begin? (chapter 3.2)

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 3 About 3100 bc, when Menes first united Upper and Lower Egypt 2. What characterized each of Egypt’s 3 kingdoms? (chapter 3.2) Old Kingdom: Pharaohs kept peace and traded with Nubia, imported timber to build boats and furniture; Middle Kingdom: land was irrigated and canals built;; New Kingdom: huge, powerful armies were created 3. Describe the life of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. (Chapter 3.2) Stepmother of Thutmose III; stepped in as a regent for Thutmose III; proclaimed herself pharaoh soon after; ruled for 15 years; encouraged trade with faraway places; her death/murder believed to have been organized by her family members 4. Describe the roles of Egypt’s 4 main gods. (chapter 3.3) Amon-Re- sun god and god of creation; Horus- sky god and god of kingship; Osiris- god of afterlife; Isis- goddess of womanhood/women and childbirth 5. How do we know that ancient Egyptian people believed in an afterlife? (chapter 3.3) They took great care of preserving the body to receive food and offerings 6. Why did ancient Egyptian people bury their dead with food and possessions? (chapter 3.3) They thought people needed these things to survive in the afterlife 7. Why did ancient Egyptians build the pyramids? (chapter 3.3) To serve as tombs for Egyptian pharaohs 8. List the steps for building the pyramids. (chapter 3.3) Locate site, gather material, clear the ground, align the site with the stars, cut the stone, work in teams to drag the stone to the proper place using wooden rollers, push the blocks into place 9. Draw a social class pyramid for ancient Egypt society. (chapter 3.4) (Note, you need to be able to draw this): 1. pharaoh, 2. priests, pharoah’s court, and nobles, 3. Merchants and skilled workers, 4. Peasants, 5. Slaves 10. Why was the peasant class the largest class in ancient Egypt? (chapter 3.4) Farming was very important and there was so much farmland; the peasants did a variety of jobs; the two highest classes were determined by ancestry so peasants couldn’t rise to those higher classes 11. Were Egyptian women an important part of ancient Egyptian society? Why or why not? (chapter 3.4) Yes, looked upon as models of Isis; had similar rights to men; could travel freely, enter into legal contracts; farm and hunt; become priestesses or pharaohs 12. What are hieroglyphs? Why did ancient Egyptian begin using them? (chapter 3.4) The ancient Egyptian form of writing using pictures to represent words; used them to record the growing empire’s wealth 13. What was the significance of the Rosetta Stone? (chapter 3.4) It had 3 languages written on it; it was useful in helping us understand ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs 14. Why was ancient Egypt known as a land of great learning? (chapter 3.4) There were many advancements made in science, math, astronomy, and medicine 15. What areas of science and medicine did ancient Egyptian people study? (chapter 3.4) Astronomy, herbalism, and the human body

PART B: VOCABULARY – PLEASE USE THE TEXTBOOK’S GLOSSARY TO GET THE DEFINITIONS Vocabulary words you will likely need to know on the exam:

Ahimsa Caste Democracy Migrate Monotheism Reincarnation

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 4 Assassinate Confucius Dynasty Mummy Philosophy Subcontinent Aristocrat Citadel Giza Monsoon Polytheism Slavery Astronomer Delta Loess Missionary Papyrus Social Class Blockade Dike Mecca Mountain Pharaoh Sparta

PART C: MAPPING/DIAGRAMMING 1. There may be a map that you will need to extract information from similar to the one below.

What protected the Chinese from invaders from the north? Gobi Desert

What separate the Ancient Chinese from the Ancient Indians? Hamalayas

What large body of water did the Shang dynasty use the most? Yellow Sea

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 5 What river is closest to Anyang? Yellow River

2. There may be a diagram of the Indian subcontinent (South Asia) on which you will have to draw arrows showing the direction of the monsoon winds. Make sure you know the direction of the winter and summer monsoon winds in India shown below.

What area is the map above showing and what is the topic? The monsoon winds of India

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 6 What do the green arrows on the map above indicate? Winter monsoon winds

What do the red arrows on the map indicate? Summer monsoon winds

How many green and red arrows are there on the map above? 10

3. Write the different parts of the eight fold path in the spaces on the wheel below. Beside each part, write what order it appears in the eight fold path (1-8) and a short summary of what it means. (chapter 4.3)

1. Right understanding 2. Right intention 3. Rght speech 4. Right action 5. Right livelihood 6. Right effort 7. Right minfulness 8. Right concentration

PART D: PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS – we will take this up in class in review week. I have written the names of the people/items below. You need to be able to answer the following questions about each one of the pictures below:

1. Who/what is being shown/represented in the picture?

2. What civilization did the person/group/object belong to?

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 7 3. How does the picture show something that was important for the civilization that the person/group/object belonged to?

4. Why was the person/group/object in the picture important for its civilization?

Spartan soldier Confucius Buddha (Siddhartha Gotama)

Shiva Athenian drama mask showing tragedy

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 8 Homer Mohenja-daro seal/stamp

PART E: TIMELINE ANALYSIS

You will be asked to analyze a timeline. Make sure you understand the timeline and are able to get information from it to answer questions. You do not need to know background information about the Roman Empire to answer the questions below.

When was the Roman Republic founded? 509 BC

How long did the Roman conquests of the Mediterranean Sea last? 265-146= 119 years

How long did the Roman Republic last? 509-44= 465 years

PART V: ESSAY RESPONSE or Compare-Contrast Chart

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 9 Be prepared to write a 3 paragraph essay (minimum 5 sentences per paragraph) on one or more of the topics below. You will be marked on both the content you present in the paragraphs and spelling and grammar. There is a chance that you may, instead, have to present the information in a compare-contrast chart on the topics below. Instructions on details about chart formatting are below.

1. Compare and/or contrast the accomplishments of three important people that we have studied this year. WE WILL COVER THIS IN CLASS

2. Compare and/or contrast the religious traditions of three civilizations that we have covered this year. WE WILL DISCUSS THIS IN CLASS; I HAVE JOTTED SOME NOTES DOWN RELATED TO THE QUESTION.

Religion in Egypt:  polytheism  belief in an afterlife consisting of a judgment and an eternal life of goodness or hardship  regional differences, but four main gods: Amon Re (sun god), Osiris (god of living and dead), and Isis (goddess of children), and Horus (god of the sky)  preparation for burial was an important part of religious life – mummy.  The body had to be preserved for The soul would leave the body after death but would return to the body for food for a journey in the afterlife. So mummification could very complicated, especially for the rich, in which lavish items would be placed in the grave site.

Religion in India (Hinduism)  Gods and goddesses stand for different parts of brahma  Most important gods are Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Shiva, the Destroyer.  Brahma is the main god. Vishnu is the kind god concerned with the welfare of human beings. Shiva is responsible for creative and destructive forces of the universe  Hindu gods take different forms called avatars  Hindu text is called the Upanishads  Believe in reincarnation of the soul – meaning the rebirth of the soul in another living thing  The actions of a person affect his/her fate in the next  The goal is to become united with the spirit and escape the cycle of death and rebirth, and to obey Dharma and practice Ahimsa.  Daily practice includes yoga and private devotion at temples

Religious tradition of India/China (Buddhism) (Please refer to the handout we took up in class on Wednesday and Thursday for details about Buddhism)

Religion in Greece  Polytheism  Wherever Greeks lived, they built temples to honor the gods  Gods had human forms and characteristics  They were believed to be immortal, and residing on Mount Olympus

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 10  Leader of gods in myths is Zeus.  Greeks also honored mythical figures like Achilles  Each city-state had a unique god, like Athena for Athens  Honored the gods by holding festivals and sacrificing animals and offering food; example included Olympics for Zeus.  There are 12 main gods in Greek mythology  Oracles played a significant role in the religion

3. Describe what daily life would have been like in either Athens or Sparta. For Athens, focus on discussing the public square, Athenian homes, and slavery. For Sparta, discuss general living conditions, growing up in Sparta as a male and female, and the attitude of most Spartans. (check chapter 7.2) WE WILL DISCUSS THIS IN CLASS; I HAVE JOTTED NOTES DOWN ABOUT THE TOPIC BELOW.

Daily Life in Athens Public Square:  The Agora as the center of public life where men gathered to talk about politics, philosophy, and the community. Business men traded, and there existed public marketplaces. This place was probably the busiest place in Athens. Vendors were also stationed there to sell certain items.  Temples and public buildings lined the Agora. These were often beautiful structures, since men at the time liked this sort of stuff.

Homes:  Quite plain, made of mud bricks  Homes had as a central feature the courtyard, which was hidden from the street but was the center of the house  The wealthier homes had bathrooms, storage rooms, dining rooms, bedrooms, and kitchens. Water usually had to be carried from a public fountain.  Dinner included very little meat (reserved for religious meals), but fish, olives, bread, and cheese.

Slavery:  There were about 100,000 slaves in the city-state, and they conducted most jobs there. It was common to own a slave in Athens.  slaves did a lot of the labor of the city of Athens.  Because of the slaves, men could enjoy their leisure time at the Agora.  Free people became slaves when they were captured in battles, and the children born into slave families were automatically slaves  Slaves basically had no rights. They could not vote, obtain formal education, and had no political/personal rights.  They could only become free if they bought their freedom, or if their master freed them.

Daily Life in Sparta General living conditions:  Life was harsh and cruel

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 11  Spartans were tough, silent, and grim  Spartan army was very powerful, but they lacked in other areas, like the arts  The basic rule in Sparta was to put the city’s needs above the needs of its citizens  Employed a slave class called helots, who did the farm work. This freed up time for Spartans to train for warfare.

Growing up in Sparta as male and female: Male:  Training began at age 7, when they left home, and lasted till age 20  Boys practiced swords and spears  They had very little food or money, so they were encouraged to steal to learn to live off the land.  Boys were exected to bear pain, hardship, and punishment in silence  Men were considered soldiers fit for the army from age 20-60 Women:  Trained and competed in wrestling and spear throwing  Belief was that if a woman was strong, she would have strong, healthy children.  They were allowed to own land, take part in business.  Had to obey the males – fathers, husbands and brothers  At times, they were responsible for running farms and estates.

The attitude of most Spartans:  Did not like to mingle with other Greeks  Not allowed to travel  Looked down on the desire for wealth and those engaged in trade  Lacked interest in the arts  They were known for their skill and bravery. Because of this, they were crucial for Greece’s victory against the Persians and the people living across the Aegean Sea.

Instructions for the chart: If you don’t know how to create a compare-contrast chart, look below.

Topic 1: WE WILL DISCUSS THIS IN CLASS Write the name of the first Write the name of the second Write the name of the third important person in this important person in this important person in this column column column

Write 5 important Write 5 important Write 5 important accomplishments of the accomplishments of the accomplishments of the person in this. Each point person in this column. Each person in this column. Each should be in sentence format. point should be in sentence point should be in sentence format. format.

Topic 2: WE WILL DISCUSS THIS IN CLASS; USE THE NOTES FOR THE ESSAY ABOVE TO FILL IN THE CHART. Write the name of the first Write the name of the second Write the name of the third religion here religion here religion here

Grade 7 SS Final Exam Study Guide 2017 Page 12 Write 5 features about the Write 5 important Write 5 important religion in this column. Each accomplishments of the person accomplishments of the person point should be in sentence in this column. Each point in this column. Each point format. should be in sentence format. should be in sentence format.

Topic 3: WE WILL DISCUSS THIS IN CLASS; USE THE NOTES FOR THE ESSAY ABOVE TO FILL IN THE CHART. OPTION A: ATHENS Public Square Athenian Homes Slavery

Write 5 points about the public Write 5 points about Athenian Write 5 points about slavery in square in Athens in this homes in this column. Each this column. Each point should column. Each point should be point should be in sentence be in sentence format. in sentence format. format.

OPTION B: SPARTA General Living Conditions Growing Up in Sparta as Spartan Attitudes Male and Female

Write 5 points about the Write 5 points about the Write 5 points about the general living conditions in lives of males and females attitude of most Spartan Sparta in this column. Each in Sparta in this column. people in this column. Each point should be in sentence Each point should be in point should be in format. sentence format. sentence format.

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