Marriages, Families, and Intimate Relationships, 2E (Williams Et Al

Chapter 1: Seeking: Finding Happiness in Relationships in a Complex World

Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Abraham Maslow identified all of the following except ______as one of the hierarchy of needs humans need for self fulfillment. A) safety B) self actualization C) belongingness D) biological influences E) self esteem Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2 Skill: comprehension

2) Research by Lavee and Olsen (1992) found that 40% of marriages were ______. A) vitalized B) harmonious C) devitalized D) conflict habituated Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 1 Skill: knowledge

3) In 2010, men and women, on average, got married at ages ______and ______respectively. A) 20 and 18 B) 28 and 26.2 C) 24.5 and 21.2 D) 26.1 and 24 Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 Skill: knowledge

4) According to the text, a person's happiness level is determined by A) genetic predisposition. B) how you utilize your strengths in life. C) expressing gratitude for positive things. D) Both B and C are correct. E) All of the above are true. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6, 7 Skill: comprehension

5) Which of the following types of happiness according to Seligman, stem from a genetic predisposition? A) “the good life” B) “the pleasant life” C) “the meaningful life” D) “the secure life” Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7 Skill: knowledge

1 6) Research suggests a person's happiness level is A) genetics B) environmental experiences C) brain chemistry D) both genetic and environmental experiences Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Skill: knowledge

7) According to psychologist Martin Seligman, when humans state they "want to have meaning in their lives", they are expressing a desire for more ______. A) romance B) financial security C) happiness D) leisure time Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2 Skill: knowledge

8) According to the text, which of the following statements are true? A) Increased materialistic consumption is correlated with increased happiness. B) As income rises for most Americans, divorce rates are not affected. C) Happiness is correlated with the ability to manage the natural desire to have more. D) Both A and B are true. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Skill: comprehension

9) Which of the following characteristics is identified by psychologist Christopher Peterson as most strongly linked to happiness? A) marriage B) gratitude C) altruism D) forgiveness Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Skill: knowledge

10) Sociologist Linda Waite's survey indicated 40% of ______said they were "very happy". A) cohabitating couples B) singles C) married couples D) divorcees Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Skill: knowledge

11) John Gottman, Director of the "Love Lab" in Seattle, Washington., found ______is the best predictor of divorce among couples. A) financial problems B) many arguments C) happiness D) contempt Chapter One: Seeking: Finding Happiness in Relationships in a Complex World

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Skill: knowledge

12) Research indicates people who live in Latin American countries where the standard of living is lower than in the U.S. ______. A) have about the same level of happiness as Americans B) have higher levels of happiness as compared to Americans C) have lower levels of happiness as compared to Americans D) have extremely low levels of happiness due to their lower standard of living Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6 Skill: knowledge

13) Breadth in intimate relationships includes which of the following activities? A) intellectual activity B) physical activity C) emotional activity D) All of the above are true. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 Skill: knowledge

14) A legal marriage without a license is called A) matrimony. B) common-law marriage. C) consensual marriage. D) covenant marriage. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13 Skill: knowledge

15) The U.S. only recognizes which of the following forms of marriages as legal? A) polygamy. B) polyandry. C) monogamy. D) monopoly. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13 Skill: knowledge

16) Most people state the principle reason for marriage as: A) love B) having children C) providing emotional support for a spouse D) providing financial support for children Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Skill: knowledge

17) According to the text, the "traditional" definition of family includes: A) foster families. B) cohabiting couples and their biological children. C) those related by blood, marriage or adoption. D) All of the above are true. Answer: C

3 Marriages, Families, and Intimate Relationships, 2nd edition

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Skill: knowledge

18) The family you are born into and raised is called A) a family of orientation. B) a family of procreation. C) a nuclear family. D) a binuclear family. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 Skill: knowledge

19) The binuclear family is best described as A) a family in which members live in two different households. B) children born into a new blended family. C) a single parent family. D) adult children returning to live with their parents. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 Skill: knowledge

20) Relatives that are related by blood, marriage, remarriage or adoption are called A) extended family. B) affiliated kin. C) kin. D) family of origin. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17 Skill: knowledge

21) As compared to the rest of the world, the pattern of residence most frequently found in the U.S. is called A) matrilocal. B) patrilocal. C) neolocal. D) proximity. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17 Skill: knowledge

22) According to the text which of the following are examples of pseudokinship? A) fraternity brothers B) military comrades in times of war C) coworkers D) All of the above are true Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18 Skill: knowledge

23) Individualism occurred in response to A) the Industrial Revolution. B) two earner families C) a search for personal fulfillment D) All of the above are true. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 21

4 Chapter One: Seeking: Finding Happiness in Relationships in a Complex World

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24) Roles are defined as A) explanations and beliefs for behavior. B) deeply held beliefs about moral behavior. C) the way a person acts out a status D) laws regulating marriages Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24 Skill: knowledge

25) Demographic changes in marriage in the U.S. include which of the following? A) family size B) interracial marriage rates C) divorce rates D) Both A and B are true. E) All of the above are true. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24 Skill: knowledge

26) In ______, males may marry at age 17 and females at age 15 without parental consent. A) Alabama B) California C) Mississippi D) West Virginia Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 Skill: knowledge

27) ______are the fastest growing minority group in the U.S. today. A) African Americans B) Asian Americans C) Latinos D) Those of Middle Eastern descent Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 26 Skill: knowledge

28) The happiest people on earth according to research by sociologist Ruut Veenhoven live in ______. A) Zimbabwe B) Iceland C) the United States D) Denmark Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Skill: knowledge

29) The median age for first marriage for American men in 2010 was ______. A) 20.2 B) 22.5 C) 28.0 D) 29.0 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 28 Skill: knowledge

30) In 2003, the mean age of American women giving birth to their first child was ______. A) 20.8 B) 22.2 C) 25.2 D) 27.3 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 28 Skill: knowledge

31) William Goode identified all of the following except ______as one of the four benefits of families. A) economic benefits B) physical security C) proximity D) familiarity Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 19 Skill: comprehension

32) Regarding marriage, which of the following are universal to all cultures? A) arranged marriage B) marrying for love C) ceremonies that sanction the union of a couple D) the acceptance of common-law unions Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12 Skill: knowledge

33) The nuclear family can be described as

A) a traditional family. B) a family of orientation. C) a family of procreation. D) All of the above are true. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Skill: knowledge

34) Concerning Globalization, which of the following had the greatest impact on the American family? A) It results in a loss of well paying jobs for American families. B) It creates more import goods at lower cost for Americans. C) It increases world communication and U.S. cultural influence overseas. D) All of the above statement are true. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22 and 23 Skill: knowledge

35) Identify the five key areas for building a happy relationship according to David Olson's research. A) good communication, flexibility, emotional closeness, compatible personalities, good conflict resolution B) good communication, stable finances, the same friends, well-paying jobs, having children C) many recreational activities, high incomes, flexible personalities, status in the community, same religious faith D) All of the above were identified by Olson to be significant key factors. Answer: A

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5 Skill: knowledge

36) The emphasis on the family unit over individual needs is called ______. A) individualism B) familism C) economic continuity D) proximity Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 21 Skill: knowledge

37) Intimacy A) is linked to emotional health. B) helps humans cope with the stresses of life. C) is shared only among kin. D) Both A and B are true. E) All of the above are true. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 10 Skill: knowledge

38) Which of the following had an impact on the development of the family? A) technology B) globalization C) the Industrial Revolution D) All of the above are true. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 20 Skill: knowledge

39) In 2010, Non-Hispanic whites comprised approximately ______of Americans. A) 39% B) 59% C) 66% D) 81% Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 24 Skill: knowledge

40) Latinos comprise approximately ______of Americans in 2010. A) 10% B) 15.1% C) 25.2% D) 38% Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 26 Skill: knowledge

41) The average U.S. household size in 2003 was approximately ______persons per family. A) 2.57 B) 3 C) 3.5 D) 4.3 Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29

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42) ______is the most common residence pattern in the world. A) Patrilocal B) Matrilocal C) Neolocal D) Bilocal Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17 Skill: knowledge

43) There were approximately ______Native Americans in the U.S. in 2010. A) 2.8 million B) 5.2 million C) 10 million D) 17.6 million E) All of the above are true. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 27 Skill: knowledge

44) One-third of African American families ______. A) live in extreme poverty B) are single head of household C) earn more than $35,000/year D) have more than three children Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Skill: knowledge

45) Which of the following has had a positive impact on the family? A) email B) cell phones C) birth control D) All of the above are true. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22 Skill: knowledge

46) Which of the following are characteristics of individualism? A) Families increased their self-sufficiency as a group. B) Values for self fulfillment became important. C) Family collective goals became increasingly more important. D) Work became more group focused. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 21 Skill: comprehension

47) When countries’ economies become more interdependent A) this is called globalization. B) families can benefit through more goods and services. C) families can suffer due to job loss to foreign markets. D) All of the above are true. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22 Skill: comprehension

48) In Panel 1.3 on page 25, what non-white minority was the largest in the U.S. in 2010? A) Asian Americans B) Native Americans C) African Americans D) Hispanics Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Skill: knowledge

49) According to Panel 1.7 on page 28, what groups are projected to have the largest growth by 2025? A) African Americans B) Whites C) Hispanics D) Asians Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 Skill: knowledge

True/False Questions 1) According to research, people who are naturally inclined to being negative and depressive can never have happy and meaningful lives. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Skill: knowledge

2) Psychologist Ed Diener states, "materialism is toxic for happiness". This statement means if you learn to control your desire for tangible things you will be happier. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Skill: comprehension

3) Psychologist Jon Gottman's research found that words of contempt between couples was the best predictor of divorce. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 Skill: knowledge

4) The media and popular culture impacts perceptions of love and marriage. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1 Skill: knowledge

5) Happiness can be influenced by one's ethnic culture. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 Skill: knowledge

6) Intimacy is defined as any physically affectionate relationship. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 Skill: knowledge

7) Twenty five percent of American college students stated they would marry for reasons other than love. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 12 Skill: knowledge

8) The traditional two parent nuclear family is still the norm today. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2 Skill: knowledge

9) Affiliated kin are unrelated individuals who are treated like relatives. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17 Skill: knowledge

10) Common-law marriage is legally recognized in twenty two states. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13 Skill: knowledge

11) Familism is a major part of traditional Mexican and Chinese families today. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 21 Skill: knowledge

12) The majority of Native Americans live on reservations in the U.S. today. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 27 Skill: knowledge

13) Family size in the U.S. has stabilized at approximately four per household. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29 Skill: knowledge

14) Marriage and religious beliefs are the two most important factors in happiness. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Skill: knowledge

15) Affiliated kin are those acquired through marriage. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17 Skill: knowledge

16) A child can live in a binuclear and blended family at the same time. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 Skill: comprehension

17) Just as physical health can be managed, psychologists Baker and Stauth believe that emotions can be managed. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4 Skill: comprehension

18) Sociological research indicates approximately two thirds of married couples who reported being unhappy said they were happy five years later. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Skill: knowledge

19) Married people tend to report higher levels of happiness than single people. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Skill: knowledge

20) Humans have a biologically determined "set point" for moods. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Skill: knowledge

Fill-in-the-Blank 1) ______is the study of population size and characteristics. Answer: Demography Diff: 1 Page Ref: 24 Skill: knowledge

2) The ______describes good feelings that originate from genetic predisposition. Answer: pleasant life Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Skill: knowledge

3) The ______type of happiness stems from knowing what your strengths are and utilizing them. Answer: good life Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Skill: knowledge

4) Your cousins, uncles and aunts are members of your ______family. Answer: extended Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16 Skill: knowledge

5) ______is when individual concerns take priority over the family's needs. Answer: Individualism Diff: 1 Page Ref: 21 Skill: knowledge

6) Among some Pacific Island groups, marriage residence is with or near the wife's kin. This is known as ______residence. Answer: matrilocal Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17 Skill: knowledge

7) Every culture has some type of ______legitimizing marriage. Answer: ceremony Diff: 1 Page Ref: 12 Skill: knowledge

8) ______is total sexual exclusivity to one partner. Answer: Monogamy Diff: 1 Page Ref: 14 Skill: knowledge

9) Tim Berners-Lee invented the ______in 1991. Answer: world wide web Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22 Skill: knowledge

10) ______is the family you create when you marry and have children. Answer: A family of procreation Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 Skill: knowledge

11) When children from a divorced family spend time in two separate households, this is called a ______. Answer: binuclear family Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 Skill: knowledge

12) A ______is created when two people marry and one or both bring into the household a child or children from a previous marriage. Answer: blended or stepfamily Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16 Skill: knowledge

13) ______is the most common residence pattern in the world. Answer: Patrilocal Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17 Skill: knowledge

14) ______describes when a newlywed couple establishes their own residence apart from either set of parents. Answer: Neolocal Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17 Skill: knowledge

15) William Goode identified four benefits of family. The convenience of having family members to provide short-term support and companionship would be an example of the ______benefit. Answer: proximity Diff: 2 Page Ref: 19 Skill: knowledge

16) A ______is defined as a unit made up of two or more people related by blood, marriage or adoption. Answer: traditional family Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15 Skill: knowledge

17) Decision making where the family’s needs are most important is known as ______. Answer: familism Diff: 2 Page Ref: 21 Skill: knowledge

18) The interdependence of the world economy is called ______. Answer: globalization Diff: 1 Page Ref: 22 Skill: knowledge

19) Our roles, values, and beliefs are influenced by the ______. Answer: Mass media Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24 Skill: knowledge

20) Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are physiological, ______belongingness, esteem, and self actualization. Answer: safety, Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3 Skill: comprehension

Short Answer Questions 1) Identify and discuss five factors that have affected the structure and function of the American family in the past 100 years. Cite one example for each factor. Answer: Discussion should include the impact of the Industrial Revolution, technological change, globalization, mass media and popular culture on the family. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 21 - 22 Skill: knowledge

2) Sociologist William Goode identified four benefits of families. Discuss these benefits and cite an example of each. Answer: The student should discuss in-depth the four functions; economic benefits, proximity, familiarity and continuity. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 19 Skill: comprehension

3) Discuss why most service jobs have not helped the American family. Answer: Discussion should include the loss of manufacturing jobs and the rise of low paying service jobs that make it difficult for families to survive. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23 Skill: comprehension

4) Identify two main demographic trends that have created the post modern family. Explain how these trends have affected the post modern family. Answer: Discussion should include; people are living longer and marrying later and women are having less children. The historic primary function of rearing children in families is declining. More alternative family patterns have arisen; cohabiting couples, gay couples, single parent families, binuclear and blended families. There are fewer social rewards for and less emphasis on parenting in today’s society. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 - 30 Skill: comprehension

5) Discuss how Web 2.0 impacts dating in the U.S. Cite an example. Answer: Discussion should include definition of Web 2.0 and use examples such as MySpace and Facebook. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22 Skill: comprehension

6) Identify the three categories of happiness researched by Martin Seligman. Contrast the differences between these three categories. Cite an example of each. Answer: Answers should include discussion of the good life, pleasant life and meaningful life. Each of these types identifies a different source for what makes people perceive their lives as happy. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 Skill: analysis

7) Discuss any of the five areas of relationships identified by David Olson in his research on marital happiness. Answer: Answers should include any five from those identified on page 7; couples communicate well, they are flexible, they are emotionally close, they have compatible personalities, they agree on how to handle conflict, are compatible sexually, share leisure activities, manage their finances, agree on spiritual beliefs and family and friends. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Skill: comprehension

8) Compare and contrast the three dimensions of intimacy according to researcher Bruce Biddle. Which is the most difficult to attain and why is it difficult to attain? Answer: Discussion should include; the three dimensions, breadth, openness and depth. Each dimension should be discussed and examined along intellectual, physical and emotional areas of life. The most difficult to attain according to Biddle, is depth. It is a transcendental union that puts the partners needs before one's own. True selflessness is difficult to achieve for most individuals. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10 - 12 Skill: analysis

9) Describe the "Postmodern" family and discuss the two examples given in the textbook for postmodern families. Answer: Answer should include; the definition found on page 16 and identify and discuss binuclear and blended families, couples without children, and single parent families. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 Skill: comprehension

10) Distinguish between the family of orientation and the family of procreation. Give examples. Answer: Definitions are found on page 16 in the text book. Family of orientation is the family a person is born into and family of procreation is the family one begins upon marriage and children. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 Skill: comprehension

Essay Questions 1) Identify and discuss how technology has impacted families, both positively and negatively. Use two examples. Answer: Technological impacts include; transportation, communication, inventions, computer and the internet. These changes have had both positive and negative affects on the family as conveniences or as intrusions upon family life. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22 Skill: comprehension

2) Discuss how the mass media and popular culture has impacted American families in the past 50 years. Answer: The discussion should thoroughly review the impact the media and culture has had on our values, roles and beliefs. Specific examples should be cited. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 1 and 23 - 24 Skill: comprehension

3) Compare and contrast some family characteristics of Latino, African American and Asian American groups as mentioned in chapter one. Answer: Discussion should include the marriage and divorce rates, numbers of children and socioeconomic status of these groups. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Skill: analysis

4) Identify the five key areas in a relationship found by family researcher David Olson, that impact happiness. What other areas were also found to affect happiness? Answer: Discussion should include: couples communicate well, are flexible, are emotionally close, agree on the high quality of their communication and agree on how to handle their conflict. Other factors include; the sexual relationship, choice of leisure activities, the influence of family and friends, managing finances and religious beliefs. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Skill: knowledge

5) Researcher Bruce Biddle identified three dimensions of intimacy. Select one of these dimensions and discuss how it is shared across physical, emotional and intellectual parts of life. Answer: Answers should give an in-depth discussion of one of the following; breadth, openness or depth. An example should be given for each example of physical, emotional and intellectual parts of life. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 - 12 Skill: comprehension

6) What is the term for having one spouse? Also name and define the two forms of polygamy. What would be a positive and a negative effect for each type of marriage?

Answer: Answers should include monogamy and two forms of polygamy; polygyny and polyandry. See discussion on page 14. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 Skill: comprehension

7) Discuss the biological and cultural aspects to happiness. Please support your answer with examples and research studies. Answer: Answers should include research on genetic "set points" for happiness as well as cultural definitions and differences in happiness. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6 - 7 Skill: comprehension

8) Define and discuss the three major patterns of residential settlement for families in the world, using one example for each type of pattern.

Answer: Answers should include: definitions of neolocal, matrilocal and patrilocal patterns. The U.S. is an example of a neolocal pattern. Pakistan and India are examples of patrilocal patterns and some Native American and South Pacific groups are examples of matrilocal patterns. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17 Skill: knowledge

9) Discuss the four benefits of family identified by William Goode. Give an example of each. Answer: Answers should include (1)economic benefits, (2)proximity, (3)familiarity, and (4)continuity. Discussion might include the economic support family members provide, the convenience of having family members for companionship and help, the emotional support they provide and the acceptance. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 19 - 20 Skill: comprehension

10) Compare and contrast the functions and dysfunctions of familism and individualism. Discuss the reasons for the existence of familism and the rise of individualism. Answer: Answers might include: a historical discussion of agrarian societies and how families were more self sufficient units, a discussion of the Industrial Revolution and technological change and how these forced changes to the structure of the family. Individualism arose from these changes. Both positive and negative changes occurred (see page 21). Diff: 2 Page Ref: 21 Skill: analysis