1. Admonish (V.) to Caution Or Advise Against Something; to Scold

English I

Vocabulary Unit 1

Definitions Note carefully the spelling, pronunciation, and definition of each of the following words. Then write the word, part of speech and definition in your notebook. Make a complete sentence using the phrase below the definition.

1. admonish (v.) to caution or advise against something; to scold (ad ‘män ish) mildly; to remind of a duty ______the noisy students

2. breach (n.) an opening, gap; a violation or infraction; (v.) to (brēch) create an opening, break through ______the enemy’s lines

3. brigand (n.) a bandit (‘brig ənd) assaulted on the way by ______

4. circumspect (adj.) careful, cautious (‘sər kəm spekt) try to behave in a ______fashion

5. commandeer (v.) to seize for military or official use (käm ən ‘dēr) the right to ______private property

6. cumbersome (adj.) clumsy, hard to handle; slow-moving (‘kəm bər səm) a ______package

7. deadlock (n.) a complete standstill; (v.) to bring to a standstill (‘ded läk) a 3-to-3 ______after 15 innings

8. irreverent (adj.) disrespectful (i’ rev әr әnt) resent his ______comments

9. diffuse (v.) to spread or scatter freely or widely; (adj.) (v., dif ‘yüz; wordy,long-winded, or unfocused; scattered or widely adj., dif ‘yüs) spread slowly ______through the room

10. dilemma (n.) a difficult or perplexing situation or problem (di ‘lem ə) caught in a painful ______Synonyms : From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as each of the following groups of expression. Write the word on the line given.

1. take over, requisition, expropriate, seize ______2. rambling, verbose, prolix; to disperse ______3. cautious, wary, prudent, careful, guarded ______4. to caution, warn, scold, call on the carpet ______5. unwieldy, clumsy to handle; ponderous ______6. a robber, bandit, highwayman, outlaw ______7. a standoff, stalemate, impasse ______8. a gap, rupture, rift; to break through ______9. profane, impious, sacrilegious, flippant ______10. a predicament, quandary, “pickle”, “bind” ______

Antonyms: From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly opposite in meaning to each of the following groups of expressions. Write the word on the line given.

1. incautious, rash, heedless, reckless ______2. an easily solved problem, cinch ______3. to praise, pat on the back ______4. an agreement, accord, a breakthrough ______5. brief, concise, succinct, to concentrate ______6. to seal, close ______7. easy to handle manageable ______8. restrained, held in check, muted ______Unit 2

1. efface (v.) to wipe out; to keep oneself from being noticed (e ‘fās) ______all signs of struggle

2. muddle (v.) to make a mess of; muddle through: to get by; (‘məd əl) (n.) a hopeless mess a ______caused by failure to obey my directions

3. harry (v.) to make a destructive raid on; to torment; to harass (‘har ē) ______the desperate villagers

4. perennial (adj.) lasting for a long time, persistent; (n.) a plant that (pə ‘ren ē əl) lives for many years a ______favorite of the young

5. predispose (v.) to incline to beforehand (prē dis ‘pōz) ______me to colds

6. relinquish (v.) to let go, give up (rē ‘liŋ kwish ______his role in the class show

7. salvage (v.) to save from fire or shipwreck; (n.) property thus (‘sal vij) saved ______a few things from the fire

8. spasmodic (adj.) sudden and violent but brief; fitful, intermittent (spaz ‘mäd ik) ______rifle fire from the woods

9. spurious (adj.) not genuine, not true, not valid (‘spyü rē əs) reject the ______will

10. unbridled (adj.) uncontrolled, lacking in restraint (ən ‘brīd əld) the ______enthusiasm of the fans Synonyms : From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as each of the following groups of expression. Write the word on the line given.

1. to incline, make susceptible to ______2. to blot out, erase, expunge, obliterate ______3. false, counterfeit, fraudulent, bogus ______4. uncontrolled, unrestrained, unchecked ______5. to rescue, recover, retrieve, reclaim ______6. to give up, let go, surrender, abandon ______7. irregular, intermittent, occasional, fitful ______8. enduring, persistent, recurring ______9. confusion, disorder; to jumble, mess up ______10. to badger, pester, hound; to pillage, ravage ______

1. genuine, authentic, bona fide, valid ______2. to keep, hold on to, retain, cling to ______3. orderliness, tidiness, neatness ______4. continuous, steady; chronic ______5. to abandon; to scrap, junk ______6. to imprint permanently ______7. to immunize against, shield from ______

Choosing the right word: Encircle the boldface word that more satisfactorily completes each of the following sentences

1. His attempts to rid his administration of the inefficiency were so (unbridled, spasmodic) that he came to be called the “reformer by fits and starts.”

2. The “robber barons” were a group of 19th-century captains of industry who amassed wealth by means that a (brigand, salvager) might use.

3. the evidence intended to show that some races or nationalities are superior to others proved to be completely (spurious, cumbersome).

4. How can you expect to succeed at your new job when you are (diffused, predisposed) to believe that it is “not right” for you? 5. The dean (effaced, admonished) the members of the team for neglecting their homework assignments.

6. The Senator refused to (efface, relinquish) the floor to any other speaker before he had finished his statement.

7. Instead of trying to (commandeer, admonish) the support of the student body, we must earn it by showing our sincerity and ability.

8. Like the rings a pebble makes in a pool of water, the good feelings generated by the speech (diffused, relinquished) through the crowd.

9. An economy in which the marketplace is considered “open” is one in which competition is more or less (muddled, unbridled)

10. Developing nations in all parts of the world face the (perennial, spurious) problem of gaining a higher level of economic growth Unit 3

1. adjourn (v.) to stop proceedings for a time; to move to another (ə ‘jərn) place ______the session until the next day

2. brevity (n.) shortness (‘brev ә tē) admire the ______of the speech

3. comely (adj.) having a pleasing appearance (‘kəm lē) a ______child

4. squander (v.) to spend foolishly; waste (‘skwän dәr) ______a fortune on gambling

5. dissolute (adj.) loose in one’s morals or behavior (‘dis ə lüt) a group of ______”men-about-town”

6. erratic (adj.) not regular or consistent; different from what is (e ‘rat ik) ordinarily expected; undependable upset by his ______behavior

7. expulsion (n.) the process of driving or forcing out (ek ‘ spəl shən) order the ______of aliens

8. feint (n.) a deliberately deceptive movement; a pretense; (v.) (fānt) to make a deceptive movement; to make a pretense of the boxer’s extraordinary ability to counter and ______

9. fodder (n.) food for horses or cattle; raw material for a (‘fäd ər) designated purpose stored ______in the silo

10. fortify (v.) to strengthen, build up (‘fôr tə fī) ______the city against attack Synonyms : From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as each of the following groups of expression. Write the word on the line given.

1. an ejection, ouster, eviction ______2. irregular, inconsistent, unpredictable ______3. good-looking, attractive, bonny ______4. dissipated, debauched; immoral, corrupt ______5. a trick, ruse, subterfuge, a bluff, dodge ______6. food for animals, feed, provender ______7. to postpone, suspend, discontinue ______8. to postpone, suspend, discontinue ______9. conciseness, terseness, pithiness ______10. to strengthen, reinforce, shore up ______

1. to call to order, open ______2. virtuous, chaste, moral; seemly, proper ______3. admittance, admission ______4. plain, homely; ugly, repulsive ______5. steady, consistent, dependable ______6. wordiness, verbosity ______7. to weaken, undermine, sap, impair ______Unit 4

1. illegible (adj.) difficult or impossible to read (i ‘lej ə bəl) an ______note

2. jeer (v.) to make fun of rudely or unkindly; (n.) a rude remark (jēr) of ridicule ______at strangers

3. lucrative (adj.) bringing in money, profitable (‘lü krə tiv) establish a ______business

4. mediocre (adj.) average, ordinary, undistinguished (mē dē ‘ō kər) a ______player rather than a star

5. proliferate (v.) to reproduce, increase, or spread rapidly (prō ‘lif ə rāt) since some cells ______more quickly than others

6. subjugate (v.) to conquer by force, bring under complete control (‘səb jü gāt) a campaign to ______the rebels

7. sully (v.) to soil, stain, tarnish, defile, besmirch (‘səl ē) a reputation ______by scandal

8. tantalize (v.) to tease, torment by teasing (‘tan tə līz) ______by goodies in the window

9. terse (adj.) brief and to the point (tərs) a ______remark

10. unflinching (adj.) firm, showing no signs of fear, not drawing back (ən ‘flin chiŋ) faced danger with ______courage Synonyms : From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as each of the following groups of expression. Write the word on the line given. 1. ordinary, average, run-of-the-mill ______2. to multiply, mushroom, burgeon, increase ______3. to tempt, lead on, make one’s mouth water ______4. to pollute, defile, tarnish, taint, smear ______5. resolute, steadfast, unwavering ______6. to conquer, subdue, vanquish, master ______7. to make fun of, laugh at, mock, taunt ______8. profitable, gainful, moneymaking ______9. unreadable, indecipherable, scribbled ______

Antonyms: From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly opposite in meaning to each of the following groups of expressions. Write the word on the line given. 1. unprofitable, losing, in the red ______2. to be conquered, submit, surrender ______3. wordy, diffuse, prolix, verbose ______4. wavering, vacillating, irresolute ______5. decrease, diminish, slack off, dwindle ______6. to cleanse, purify, decontaminate ______7. readable, decipherable, distinct, clear ______8. applause, plaudits, accolades ______9. outstanding, exceptional, distinguished ______

Choosing the right word: Encircle the boldface word that more satisfactorily completes each of the following sentences

1. We all experience fear and panic, but the leader of a great nation must be able to (tantalize, subjugate) such emotions.

2. A best-selling book that is then made into a movie may be more (lucrative, erratic) than finding the proverbial pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.

3. To keep my self-respect, I must stand (comely, unflinching) before the authorities and tell them the truth as I see it.

4. At one point in our fencing match, my opponent unexpectedly (sullied, feinted) to the left and threw me completely off guard 5. Instead of all those long, flowery passages, why don’t you try to write more in the (mediocre, terse) and direct style of a good newspaper reporter.

6. After the formal dinner was over, we (tantalized, adjourned) to the den in order to continue our conversation in a more relaxed atmosphere.

7. When I first noticed how (illegible, lucrative) my roommates handwriting was, I suggested that he sign up immediately for a course in penmanship.

8. I can understand how poor people sometimes feel (jeered, tantalized) by the wealth and luxury they see on TV programs.

9. Over the years I’ve noticed one thing about rumors: where the facts are few, fictions (proliferate, adjourn).

10. All great athlete should know that the same fans that are cheering them on today may be (jeering, unflinching) them tomorrow.

11.Even though I must work hard for a living, I feel that the company I’m working for amply (compensates, subjugates) me for my time and effort.

12.“No,” said Roger, “I won’t (sully, jeer) your ears by repeating those mean and nasty rumors.”

13.His behavior is so (mediocre, erratic) that we never know what to expect from him.

14. For centuries people have turned to various kinds of religious literature to (fortify, proliferate) themselves against the shocks of daily life.

15.Though a trained veteran is often well-tuned fighting machine. A raw recruit is sometimes no better than cannon (feint, fodder). Unit 5

1. abridge (v.) to make shorter (ə ‘brij) to ______a 1000-page novel

2. adherent (n.) a follower, supporter; (adj.) attached, sticking to (ad ‘hēr ənt) has attracted many ______

3. altercation (n.) an angry argument (ôl tər ‘kā shən) involved in a noisy ______

4. cherubic (adj.) resembling an angel portrayed as a little child with (che ‘rü bik) a beautiful, round, or chubby face; sweet and innocent the ______smile of a newborn baby

5. condone (v.) to pardon or overlook (kən ‘dōn) refuse to ______bad behavior

6. dissent (v.) to disagree; (n.) disagreement (di ‘sent) ______from the majority view

7. eminent (adj.) famous, outstanding, distinguished; projecting (‘em ə nənt) an ______member of the bar

8. exorcise (v.) to drive out by magic; to dispose of something (‘ek sôr sīz) troublesome, menacing, or oppressive to ______an evil spirit

9. fabricate (v.) to make, manufacture; to make up, invent (‘fab rə kāt) learned how to ______steel

10. irate (adj.) angry (ī ‘rāt) try to calm an ______parent Synonyms : From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as each of the following groups of expression. Write the word on the line given.

1. to ignore, wink at, turn a blind eye to ______2. a quarrel, dispute, squabble ______3. a follower, supporter, disciple ______4. illustrious, renowned, distinguished ______5. angelic, seraphic, beatific ______6. angry, incensed, infuriated, enraged, livid ______7. manufacture, devise, concoct ______8. to shorten, condense, abbreviate ______9. to differ, disagree, dispute ______10. to drive out, expel; to dispel ______

Antonyms 1. to expand, enlarge, augment ______2. impish, devilish, diabolic ______3. to agree, concur; unanimity, harmony ______4. an opponent, adversary; critic, detractor ______5. calm, composed, cool, unruffled ______6. obscure, nameless, lowly, humble ______7. to censure, condemn, disapprove, deprecate ______8. to take apart, undo; to destroy, demolish ______Unit 6

1. marauder (n.) a raider, plunderer (mə ‘rôd ər) a village raided by ______

2. lithe (adj.) bending easily; limber (līth) as ______and gentle as a ballet dancer

3. pauper (n.) an extremely poor person (‘pô pər) help for the ______in our community

4. pilfer (v.) to steal in small quantities (‘pil fər) ______stamps from the cash box

5. rift (n.) a split, break. Breach (rift) an unfortunate ______in their friendship

6. semblance (n.) a likeness; an outward appearance; an apparition (‘sem bləns) tried to create a ______of order

7. surmount (v.) to overcome, rise above (sər ‘ maůnt) struggle to ______all obstacles

8. subversive (adj.) intended to undermine or overthrow (n) one who (sәb ‘vәr siv) advocates or attempts to undermine a political system confiscate the ______pamphlets

9. trite (adj.) commonplace; overused, stale (trīt) full of clichés and ______phrases

10. usurp (v.) to seize and hold a position by force or without right (yü ‘sərp) plot to ______power Synonyms: From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as each of the following groups of expression. Write the word on the line given. 1. to conquer, overcome, triumph over ______2. an appearance, air, aura, veneer, façade ______3. to steal, rob, filch, swipe, purloin ______4. a poor person, someone destitute ______5. a crack, fissure, breach, gap, cleft ______6. commonplace, banal, hackneyed, “corny”______7. to seize illegally, commandeer, supplant ______8. a raider, looter, pirate, freebooter ______9. agile, nimble, supple ______10. rebellious, defiant, disobedient ______

Antonyms: From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly opposit e in meaning to each of the following groups of expressions. Write the word on the line given. 1. surrender, submit, yield ______2. loyal, dependable, dedicated ______3. awkward, clumsy, inflexible ______4. original, novel, fresh, innovative ______5. to be vanquished, be defeated, succumb to ______6. a millionaire, tycoon ______7. to obtain or come to by right ______8. a dissimilarity, contrast; a total lack ______9. a reconciliation; a closing of a gap ______

Choosing the right word: Encircle the boldface word that more satisfactorily completes each of the following sentences. 1. The fact that many citizens are (trite, irate) over the new taxes does not mean that these taxes are unjustifiable.

2. Unless we repair the (rifts, fabrications) in our party and present a united front, we will go down to crushing defeat in the upcoming election.

3. The “robber barons” of an earlier era often acted more like (adherents, marauders) than ethical businessmen in their dealings with the public.

4. I feel like a (usurper, pauper) now that my part-time job has come to an end and I no longer have any spending money.

5. Like all literary sneak thieves, he has a truly nasty habit of (pilfering, fabricating) other people’s ideas and then claiming them as his own. 6. The fact that Abraham Lincoln was able to (surmount, terminate) the handicap of limited education does not mean that you should quit school.

7. His speech was so (irate, trite) that one could almost anticipate the phrases he would use next.

8. I am very much flattered that you have referred to me as “an (eminent, obese) educator,” but I prefer to think of myself as just a good teacher.

9. One can’t become a good writer just by (surmounting, adhering) closely to rules laid down in standard grammar books.

10.In a dictatorship, people who (abridge, dissent) from the official “party line” usually wind up in prison – or worse.

11.I do not entirely (usurp, condone) his misconduct, but I can understand, to a degree, why he behaved as he did.

12.It is the sacred duty of all Americans to oppose any attempt to (abridge, condone) or deny the rights guaranteed to us in the Constitution.

13.What began as a minor quarrel grew into a serious (altercation, exorcism) and then into an ugly brawl.

14.My cousin has so much imagination that he can (dissent, fabricate) an excuse that even an experienced Dean of Boys would believe!

15.She had no right to (exorcise, usurp) for herself the role of gracious hostess at my party!

16.The few words that he grudgingly muttered were the only (semblance, altercation) of an apology that he offered for his rude behavior.

17.Their (irate, cherubic) faces and ethereal voices almost made me believe that the music they were singing was coming from heaven.

18.The comforting presence of relatives did much to (exorcise, usurp) the patient’s feelings of alarm at the thought of undergoing major surgery. Unit 7

1. abscond (v.) to run off a hide (ab ‘skänd) ______with the stolen money

2. hamper (v.) to hold back (‘ham pәr) ______our efforts

3. anarchy (n.) a lack of government and law, confusion (‘an ər kē) a country suffering from ______

4. arduous (adj.) hard to do, requiring much effort (‘är jü əs) ______chores

5. auspicious (adj.) favorable; fortunate (ô ‘spish əs) under ______circumstances

6. biased (adj.) favoring one side unduly; prejudiced (‘bī əst) a ______decision

7. daunt (v.) to overcome with fear, intimidate; to dishearten, (dônt) discourage not ______by their threats

8. disentangle (v.) to free from tangles or complications (dis en ‘taŋ gəl) ______the fishing net

9. fated (adj.) determined in advance by destiny or fortune (‘fā tid) ______to rise to the top

10. hoodwink (v.) to mislead by a trick, deceive (‘hůd wiŋk) attempt to ______the child Synonyms: From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as each of the following groups of expression. Write the word on the line given.

1. promising, encouraging, propitious ______2. prejudiced, unfair, partial, bigoted______3. to deceive, dupe, put one over on______4. to intimidate, dismay, cow, discourage______5. doomed, destined, preordained ______6. to bolt, make off, skip town______7. to unravel, unwind, unscramble, unsnarl______8. hard, difficult, laborious, fatiguing ______9. chaos, disorder, turmoil, pandemonium ______10.hinder, obstruct, slow down ______

Antonyms: From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly opposit e in meaning to each of the following groups of expressions. Write the word on the line given.

1. accidental, fortuitous, chance, random______2. to tangle up, ensnarl, snag ______3. to encourage, embolden, reassure ______4. easy, simple, effortless ______5. law and order, peace and quiet ______6. ill-omened, ominous, sinister ______7. fair, impartial, unprejudiced, just ______8. to undeceive, disabuse, “clue in” ______Unit 8

1. inanimate (adj.) not having life; without energy or spirit (in ‘an ə mit) stones and other ______objects

2. incinerate (v.) to burn to ashes (in ‘sin ər āt) ______the garbage

3. intrepid (adj.) very brave, fearless, unshakable (in ‘trep id) ______explorers of the ocean

4. larceny (n.) theft (‘lär sə nē) found guilty of ______

5. pliant (adj.) bending readily, easily influenced (‘plī ənt) a sapling’s ______branches

6. pompous (adj.) overly self-important in speech or manner; (‘päm pəs) excessively stately or ceremonious a ______and conceited fool

7. precipice (n.) a very steep cliff; the brink or edge of disaster (‘pres ə pis) peer cautiously over a ______

8. rectify (v.) to make right, correct (‘rek tə fī) ______a false impression

9. reprieve (n.) a temporary relief or delay; (v.) to grant a (ri ‘prēv) postponement receive a ______from the Governor

10. revile (v.) to attack with words, call bad names (ri ‘vīl) ______their enemies Synonyms: From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as each of the following groups of expression. Write the word on the line given.

1. pretentious, highfalutin, bombastic ______2. to postpone, to delay; a stay, respite ______3. supple, flexible, elastic, plastic ______4. a cliff, crag, bluff, promontory; a brink, ledge ______5. to correct, remedy, set right ______6. lifeless, dead; inert, spiritless ______7. inveigh against, malign, vilify, denounce ______8. to burn up, cremate, reduce to ashes ______9. stealing, robbery, theft, burglary ______10.valiant, courageous, audacious, daring ______

Antonyms: From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly opposit e in meaning to each of the following groups of expressions. Write the word on the line given. 1. timid, cowardly, craven ______2. to praise, acclaim; to revere, idolize ______3. to mess up, botch, bungle ______4. to proceed as scheduled ______5. rigid, stiff, inflexible, set in stone ______6. living, alive; energetic, lively, sprightly ______7. unpretentious, unaffected; plain ______8. an abyss, chasm, gorge ______

Choosing the right word: Encircle the boldface word that more satisfactorily completes each of the following sentences. 1. The team of accountants spent hours trying to locate and then to (rectify, incinerate) the error I had so carelessly made.

2. We should begin studying foreign languages at an early age because it is during those years that our minds are most (fated, pliant) and receptive.

3. I feared that this latest misfortune would drive him over the (precipice, access) and into a depression from which he would not recover.

4. Instead of recognizing that he caused his own failure, he continues to (revile, hoodwink) all the people who were “unfair” to him.

5. Anyone who takes the writings of other people and presents them as his or her own is guilty of literary (anarchy, larceny). 6. When her eyes suddenly blazed with such fury, I felt that the heat of her glance would all but (bias, incinerate) me.

7. Only by admitting your fault and trying to make up for it can you obtain a(n) (access, reprieve) from the pangs of conscience.

8. Despite the threats made against his life, the (arduous, intrepid) district attorney was able to obtain a conviction of the corrupt officials.

9. Although the hero and the heroine were parted by circumstance, I knew that they were (intrepid, fated) to meet again before the last commercial.

10.Like farmers separating the wheat from the chaff, the members of a jury must (disentangle, daunt) the truth from the evidence presented to them.

11.A great playwright’s characters always seem to come alive; those of a third- rate hack stubbornly remain (pliant, inanimate).

12.For most retired boxers, the comeback trail is an (arduous, auspicious) one that few ever get to the end of.

13.Though the dangers and uncertainties of a westward passage to the Orient cowed many a brave sailor, they did not (rectify, daunt) Columbus.

14.How can you accuse me of (absconding, reprieving) with all your brilliant ideas when you have never had an original thought in your life!

15.His speech and manners were so (auspicious, pompous) and stiff that he cut a somewhat ridiculous figure at our informal little get-together.

16.The voters may seem to be easily deceived, but in the long run they cannot be (disentangled, hoodwinked) by self-serving politicians.

17.Spring, with its ever-renewing promise of life, is for me the most (arduous, auspicious) of seasons.

18.His narrow education gave him a (fated, biased) view of other cultures.

19.There is a vast difference between democracy, under which everyone has duties and privileges, and (larceny, anarchy), under which no one has. Unit 9

1. sardonic (adj.) grimly or scornfully mocking; bitterly sarcastic (sär ‘dän ik) the satirist’s ______laughter

2. annihilate (v.) to destroy completely (ə ‘nī ə lāt) ______the enemy forces

3. arbitrary (adj.) unreasonable; based on one’s own wishes or whims (‘är bə trer ē) without regard for reason or fairness an ______and domineering ruler

4. brazen (adj.) made of brass; shameless, disrespectful (‘brā zən) a ______liar

5. catalyst (n.) a substance that causes or hastens a chemical (‘kat əl ist) reaction; any agent that causes change act as a ______in the process

6. exodus (n.) a large-scale departure or flight (‘ek sə dəs) a mass ______of refugees

7. facilitate (v.) to make easier, assist (fə ‘sil ə tāt) ______the efforts of the rescue team

8. incorrigible (adj.) not able to be corrected, beyond control (in ‘kä rə jə bəl) an ______optimist

9. latent (adj.) hidden, present but not realized (‘lāt ənt) a ______, unexpressed hostility

10. militant (adj.) given to fighting; active and aggressive in support (‘mil ə tənt) of a cause; (n.) activist a ______campaign against drugs Synonyms: From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as each of the following groups of expression. Write the word on the line given.

1. scornful; scathing; cutting______2. an emigration, flight, escape, hegira______3. impudent, saucy, bold; shameless ______4. unruly, intractable; incurable, inveterate ______5. dormant, inactive, undeveloped; hidden______6. to obliterate, decimate, demolish ______7. a stimulus, spur; an instigator ______8. capricious; high-handed, autocratic ______9. aggressive, truculent; an activist ______10.to ease, smooth the way, simplify ______

1. reasoned, rational; objective, equitable ______2. to foster, promote, encourage, nurture ______3. deferential, respectful; self-effacing ______4. sincere; genuine; heartfelt ______5. an immigration, influx, arrival; an entrance ______6. unassertive, peaceable; passive ______7. exposed, manifest, evident ______8. to hamper, hinder, obstruct, impede ______9. docile, tractable; curable, reparable ______Unit 10

1. morose (adj.) having a gloomy or sullen manner; not friendly or (mə ‘rōs) sociable found him in a ______mood

2. opaque (adj.) not letting light through; not clear or lucid; dense, (ō ‘pāk) stupid windows that were ______with grime

3. paramount (adj.) chief in importance, above all others (‘par ə maůnt) the ______issue in the election

4. prattle (v.) to talk in an aimless, foolish, or simple way; (n.) (‘prat əl) baby talk the ______of the child in her crib

5. rebut (v.) to offer arguments or evidence that contradict an (ri ‘bət) assertion, to refute easy to ______his shaky case

6. reprimand (v.) to scold, find fault with; (n.) a rebuke (‘rep rə mand) ______the unruly student

7. servitude (n.) slavery, forced labor (‘sər və tüd) penal ______

8. slapdash (adj.) careless and hasty (‘slap dash) did a ______job on the repairs

9. stagnant (adj.) not running or flowing; foul from standing still; (‘stag nənt) inactive, sluggish, dull bred in ______pools of water

10. succumb (v.) to give way to superior force, yield (sə ‘kəm) ______to pressure Synonyms: From the words for this unit, choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as each of the following groups of expression. Write the word on the line given.

1. gloomy, sullen, morbid, doleful ______2. hazy, cloudy, foggy, murky; dull, obtuse ______3. a reproof, rebuke; to reprove, reproach ______4. still, motionless, inert; foul, fetid ______5. captivity, bondage, thralldom, slavery ______6. cursory, perfunctory; sloppy, slipshod ______7. to yield, give way, submit; to die, expire ______8. supreme, foremost, primary, dominant ______9. to refute, disprove, confute, shoot holes in ______10.to chatter, babble; to purl; twaddle, gibberish ______

1. painstaking, meticulous; thorough, in-depth ______2. cheerful, blithe, jaunty, buoyant ______3. to confirm, corroborate, substantiate ______4. freedom, liberty ______5. flowing, running; fresh, sweet ______6. secondary, subordinate, ancillary ______7. to overcome, master, conquer ______8. to praise, pat on the back ______9. transparent, clear; bright, perceptive ______

Choosing the right word: Encircle the boldface word that more satisfactorily completes each of the following sentences.

1. On rare occasions, the U.S. Senate will (reprimand, prattle) one of its members who has violated its rules.

2. Even people who appear to be free may be in (exodus, servitude) to their own passions and prejudices.

3. You may think that his explanation is perfectly clear, but I find it confused and (brazen, opaque). 4. The best way to (facilitate, rebut) the contention that something is not possible to do is to go out and do it.

5. The brook (prattling, annihilating) along its rocky course seemed to be conversing wordlessly with the wind murmuring in the trees.

6. People who never give any assignment more than “a lick and a promise” may be said to belong to the (militant, slapdash) school of working.

7. The novel’s grim humor and (superfluous, sardonic) portrayal of the futility of all human endeavors make it an intensely disturbing book.

8. For Africa’s starving millions, finding enough food to keep body and soul together has now become the (paramount, latent) concern in life.

9. The leaden silence of the afternoon was shattered by the (opaque, brazen) voices of trumpets braying fanfares for the returning hero.

10.Most historians agree that military disasters during World War I were the (exodus, catalyst) that sparked the Russian Revolution of 1917.

11.Her excellent command of both French and Spanish should (annihilate, facilitate) her efforts to get a position in the Foreign Service.

12.It is up to us to get rid of any (latent, arbitrary) prejudices that we may still unwittingly hold against members of other races and nationalities.

13.Unemployment will stay at a high level so long as a nation’s economy remains (stagnant, paramount).

14.I refuse to believe that our society will (reprimand, succumb) to the weaknesses that have destroyed other nations.

15.Since they are firmly based on the “logic” of a sentence, the rules of punctuation should not be considered purely (arbitrary, militant).

16.(Accomplices, Militants) disgusted with the government’s policies took to the streets to register a vote of “no confidence.”

17.He has deceived me so many times that I am forced to conclude that he is simply a(n) (incorrigible, latent) liar. 18.During the summer, urban “sun-worshippers” begin their weekly (exodus, servitude) from the city around 3:00 P.M. on Friday.

19.With their bigger, faster, more experienced players, South High simply (reprimanded, annihilated) our team, 56 to 7.

20.I don’t think it is fair to call him a(n) (incorrigible, morose) person just because he was depressed when you met him.