In Order for a RECESSIVE Trait to Show, an Organism Must Have

NAME ______

TEST-Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Genetics (2 points each) MULTIPLE CHOICE: Write the letter for the answer that best completes the statement on the blank at the left.

______In order for a RECESSIVE trait to show, an organism must have______. A. one recessive and one dominant allele B. two dominant alleles C. two recessive alleles

______Crossing organisms from the P1 generation produces the _____ generation.

D. None of these-you can’t cross P1 organisms with each other!

______When Gregor Mendel crossed pure-breeding TALL plants with pure-breeding SHORT plants, all the offspring were tall because ______A. they were true-breeding like their parents B. the allele for short plants is dominant C. the allele for tall plants is recessive D. the allele for tall plants is dominant

______Organisms with two identical alleles for a trait are said to be ______A. homozygous B. hybrid C. heterozygous D. dominant

______A trait (like A, B, and O blood type) that is controlled by three or more alleles for the same gene called a ______trait. A. polygenic B. multiple allele C. incompletely dominant D. pure-breeding

______A trait (like skin color, intelligence, and height in humans) that is controlled by two or more genes is called a ______trait. A. incompletely dominant B. multiple allele C. polygenic D. pure-breeding

______If you were going to do a test cross, which of the following organisms would you use? A. homozygous dominant B. heterozygous C. homozygous recessive _____ Which of the following crosses would you expect to produce a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in the offspring? A. Hh crossed with Hh B. FFJJ crossed with ffjj C. MmAa crossed with MmAa D. TTSS crossed with TtSs

______The diagram at the right represents a Punnett square for ______cross. A. MONOHYBRID B. DIHYBRID

______If you cross a TALL looking pea plant with a TALL looking pea plant and get some SHORT looking offspring, then BOTH parents must be ______. A. heterozygous B. homozygous recessive C. homozygous dominant D. Impossible. You can’t cross 2 tall looking parents and get short looking offspring.

______The PARENTS in the cross at the right are BOTH ______A. homozygous B. pure C. heterozygous D. recessive

______The phenotypic ratio shown by the offspring in the cross above is ______A. 75% dominant; 25% recessive B. 100% dominant; 0% recessive C. 9:3:3:1 D. 50% dominant; 50% recessive

______Segregation and independent assortment happen during ______A. fertilization B. meiosis C. mitosis D. crossing over

______Tell the GENOTYPE for the offspring in the shaded box

AA Aa aa

______The offspring in the shaded box is ______

A. HOMOZYGOUS B. HETEROZYGOUS

For each genotype below, tell whether it is HETEROZYGOUS (HE) or HOMOZYGOUS (HO). (1 point each)

TT ______Bb ______dd ______Ff ______

If an organism has the genotype: BbTt, what are the possible gametes it can make? (1 point each)

______

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

BLOOD TYPES

______Which molecule found on the surface of cells is responsible for producing blood types? A. phospholipids B. nucleic acids C. glycoproteins D. lipids

______Which of the following shows what the surface of a cell from a person with a BO genotype would look like?

A B C D E

______Which of the blood types you learned about is called the “Universal donor” because in an emergency they can GIVE blood to any the different blood types?

A B AB O

______A person with Type A blood can GIVE blood to which of the following blood types? (Circle all that are true)

A B O AB

______Draw a picture of a cell from a person with the genes shown:

MATCHING: USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANK BELOW TO LABEL THE TYPE OF INHERITANCE DESCRIBED.

COMPLETE INCOMPLETE CODOMINANCE DOMINANCE DOMINANCE

R = Red flowers and r = white flowers TYPE OF DOMINANCE SHOWN

A plant with Rr genotype has RED FLOWERS

A plant with Rr genotype has BOTH RED & WHITE FLOWERS SIDE BY SIDE

A plant with Rr genotype has PINK FLOWERS

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

MATCH THE VOCAB WORD WITH ITS DEFINITION:

______A characteristic that can be observed such as hair color, seed shape, flower color, etc A. GENETICS B. HEREDITY ______The genetic makeup of an organism OR “what genes it has” C. HYBRID D. DOMINANT ______The appearance of an organism OR “ how it looks” E. RECESSIVE F. TRAIT ______An allele that MASKS ANOTHER choice for a trait G. PHENOTYPE H. GENOTYPE ______An allele that IS MASKED BY ANOTHER choice for a trait I. ALLELE J. PURE-BREEDING ______the branch of biology that studies how characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring

______the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring

______An alternative choice for a gene (such as brown, green, or blue eyes)

______Also means homozygous

______Also means heterozygous PUNNETT SQUARES: Use the information provided to predict the offspring of the given crosses and answer the ?’s. Assume all genes show COMPLETE dominance, unless told otherwise. Remember figuring out the parent gametes is the hardest part! SO READ THE PARENT DESCRIPTION CAREFULLY!

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Red flowers (R) are DOMINANT over white flowers (r) in peas. Cross a PURE RED flowered plant with a HOMOZYGOUS WHITE flowered plant.

What is the probability: the offspring will have red flowers? ______

the offspring will have white flowers? ______

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * In humans Tongue rolling (T) is dominant over non-rolling (t). Show a cross between 2 HETEROZYGOUS tongue-rolling parents.

What is the probability the baby will be a TONGUE-ROLLER?

______%

What is the probability the baby will be a NON-ROLLER?

______%

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Clark and Lois are having a baby. Clark’s genotype is OO. Lois’s genotype is AB

What is the probability their offspring will have the following blood types?

A = ______% B = ______% 0 = ______% AB = ______%

Which of these blood type alleles show CODOMINANCE? A. A and O B. B and O C. A and B

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A black coat (B) is DOMINANT in guinea pigs. A brown coat (b) is RECESSIVE.

Cross a HETEROZYGOUS BLACK guinea pig with a BROWN guinea pig.

OFFSPRING OFFSPRING GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE

______

What is the probability that a baby will be black? ______

What is the probability that a baby will be brown? ______

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE: READ CAREFULLY ON THIS ONE! In Four O’Clock plants RED FLOWERS (R) are INCOMPLETELY dominant over white (r) flowers.

MAKE A CROSS WITH 2 HETEROZYGOUS PINK FOUR O’CLOCK PLANTS.

Possible Offspring

Genotypes Phenotypes ______

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Hearing (D) in dogs is DOMINANT. Deafness (d) in puppies is caused by a recessive gene. Deaf puppies have the genotype dd.

You have a hearing dog. What are its possible genotypes? ______

What is the genotype of the dog you should use to test cross with your unknown parent dog? ______

An actual test cross results in a litter with: 12 hearing puppies and 3 deaf puppies. What is the genotype of your parent dog? ______Use the PUNNETT SQUARE below to make the cross for the plants shown. BE CAREFUL on this one! LOOK AT THE PARENTS’ genotypes!

Y = yellow peas y = green peas R = red flowers r = white flowers

Make the following cross:

Parent 1 = YYRR Parent 2 = yyrr

What gametes can the YYRR parent make?

______

What gametes can the yyrr parent make?

______

What is the probability that the offspring will be green peas/white flowers? ____/16 What is the probability that the offspring will be yellow peas/white flowers? ____/16 What is the probability that the offspring will be yellow peas/red flowers? ____/16 What is the probability that the offspring will be green peas/red flowers? ____ /16

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * T = tall t = short R = round peas r = wrinkled peas

Make a cross between TWO PARENTS that are HETEROZYGOUS for BOTH TRAITS

What gametes can a TtRr parent make?

______

What phenotypic ratio would you expect to see in the offspring from this cross?

______

What is the probability the offspring will be SHORT AND ROUND? _____/16

What is the probability the offspring will be TALL AND ROUND? _____/16

What is the probability the offspring will be SHORT AND WRINKLED? _____/16

What is the probability the offspring will be TALL AND WRINKLED? _____/16 In Reebops

Curly Tails = T Hoverwings = H Straight Tails = t No wings = h

Make a cross between 2 parents that are HETEROZYGOUS for BOTH TRAITS

Parent genotype ______

Possible gametes ______

What is the probability the offspring will have STRAIGHT TAILS and NO WINGS? _____/16

What is the probability the offspring will have STRAIGHT TAILS with WINGS? ______/16

What is the probability the offspring will have CURLY TAILS with WINGS? _____/16

What is the probability the offspring will have CURLY TAILS and NO WINGS? ____/16

BONUS:

Name another blood type system you learned about BESIDES the A, B, and O system. ______

Give an example of a POLYGENIC TRAIT ______

In Krabs, Tall eyeballs (T) are DOMINANT over short eyeballs (t). Mr. and Mrs. Krab both have Tall eyeballs. Both parents have relatives with short eyeballs. Mr. and Mrs. Krab recently had a baby, but Mrs. Krab is upset. She thinks the hospital made a mistake and gave them the wrong baby because the baby has short eyeballs. Use what you know about genetics to explain why Mrs. Krab is wrong.

______

______NAME ______

TEST-Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Genetics (2 points each) MULTIPLE CHOICE: Write the letter for the answer that best completes the statement on the blank at the left.

______In order for a RECESSIVE trait to show, an organism must have______. A. one recessive and one dominant allele B. two recessive alleles C. two dominant alleles

______Crossing organisms from the P1 generation produces the _____ generation.

D. None of these-you can’t cross P1 organisms with each other!

______When Gregor Mendel crossed pure-breeding TALL plants with pure-breeding SHORT plants, all the offspring were tall because ______A. they were true-breeding like their parents B. the allele for short plants is dominant C. the allele for tall plants is dominant D. the allele for tall plants is recessive

______Organisms with two identical alleles for a trait are said to be ______A. heterozygous B. hybrid C. dominant D. homozygous

______A trait (like A, B, and O blood type) that is controlled by three or more alleles for the same gene called a ______trait. A. polygenic B. multiple allele C. incompletely dominant D. pure-breeding

______A trait (like skin color, intelligence, and height in humans) that is controlled by two or more genes is called a ______trait. A. incompletely dominant B. multiple allele C. pure-breeding D. polygenic

______If you were going to do a test cross, which of the following organisms would you use? A. homozygous dominant B. homozygous recessive C. heterozygous _____ Which of the following crosses would you expect to produce a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in the offspring? A. Hh crossed with Hh B. FFJJ crossed with ffjj C. MmAa crossed with MmAa D. TTSS crossed with TtSs

______The diagram at the right represents a Punnett square for ______cross. A. DIHYBRID B. MONOHYBRID

______If you cross a TALL looking pea plant with a TALL looking pea plant and get some SHORT looking offspring, then BOTH parents must be ______. A. homozygous dominant B. homozygous recessive C. heterozygous D. Impossible. You can’t cross 2 tall looking parents and get short looking offspring.

______The PARENTS in the cross at the right are BOTH ______A. recessive B. heterozygous C. pure D. homozygous

______The phenotypic ratio shown by the offspring in the cross above is ______A. 9:3:3:1 B. 75% dominant; 25% recessive C. 50% dominant; 50% recessive D. 100% dominant; 0% recessive

______Segregation and independent assortment happen during ______A. fertilization B. crossing over C. mitosis D. meiosis

______Tell the GENOTYPE for the offspring in the shaded box

AA Aa aa

______The offspring in the shaded box is ______

A. HOMOZYGOUS B. HETEROZYGOUS

For each genotype below, tell whether it is HETEROZYGOUS (HE) or HOMOZYGOUS (HO). (1 point each)

Ff ______dd ______TT ______Bb ______

If an organism has the genotype: BbTt, what are the possible gametes it can make? (1 point each)

______

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

BLOOD TYPES

______Which molecule found on the surface of cells is responsible for producing blood types? A. phospholipids B. nucleic acids C. lipids D. glycoproteins

______Which of the following shows what the surface of a cell from a person with a BO genotype would look like?

A B C D E

______Which of the blood types you learned about is called the “Universal donor” because in an emergency they can GIVE blood to any the different blood types?

A B O AB

______A person with Type A blood can GIVE blood to which of the following blood types? (Circle all that are true)

A B AB O

______Draw a picture of a cell from a person with the genes shown:

MATCHING: USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANK BELOW TO LABEL THE TYPE OF INHERITANCE DESCRIBED.

INCOMPLETE COMPLETE CODOMINANCE DOMINANCE DOMINANCE

R = Red flowers and r = white flowers TYPE OF DOMINANCE SHOWN

A plant with Rr genotype has RED FLOWERS

A plant with Rr genotype has PINK FLOWERS

A plant with Rr genotype has BOTH RED & WHITE FLOWERS SIDE BY SIDE

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

MATCH THE VOCAB WORD WITH ITS DEFINITION:

______A characteristic that can be observed such as hair color, seed shape, flower color, etc A. HEREDITY B. GENETICS ______The genetic makeup of an organism OR “what genes it has” C. PURE-BREEDING D. RECESSIVE ______The appearance of an organism OR “ how it looks” E. DOMINANT F. ALLELE ______An allele that MASKS ANOTHER choice for a trait G. GENOTYPE H. PHENOTYPE ______An allele that IS MASKED BY ANOTHER choice for a trait I. TRAIT J. HYBRID ______the branch of biology that studies how characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring

______the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring

______An alternative choice for a gene (such as brown, green, or blue eyes)

______Also means homozygous

______Also means heterozygous

______In Order for a RECESSIVE Trait to Show, an Organism Must Have______

In Order for a RECESSIVE Trait to Show, an Organism Must Have